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Mohammed MA, Syeda JTM, Wasan KM, Wasan EK. An Overview of Chitosan Nanoparticles and Its Application in Non-Parenteral Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2017; 9:E53. [PMID: 29156634 PMCID: PMC5750659 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics9040053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 645] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The focus of this review is to provide an overview of the chitosan based nanoparticles for various non-parenteral applications and also to put a spotlight on current research including sustained release and mucoadhesive chitosan dosage forms. Chitosan is a biodegradable, biocompatible polymer regarded as safe for human dietary use and approved for wound dressing applications. Chitosan has been used as a carrier in polymeric nanoparticles for drug delivery through various routes of administration. Chitosan has chemical functional groups that can be modified to achieve specific goals, making it a polymer with a tremendous range of potential applications. Nanoparticles (NP) prepared with chitosan and chitosan derivatives typically possess a positive surface charge and mucoadhesive properties such that can adhere to mucus membranes and release the drug payload in a sustained release manner. Chitosan-based NP have various applications in non-parenteral drug delivery for the treatment of cancer, gastrointestinal diseases, pulmonary diseases, drug delivery to the brain and ocular infections which will be exemplified in this review. Chitosan shows low toxicity both in vitro and some in vivo models. This review explores recent research on chitosan based NP for non-parenteral drug delivery, chitosan properties, modification, toxicity, pharmacokinetics and preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munawar A Mohammed
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada.
| | - Jaweria T M Syeda
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada.
| | - Kishor M Wasan
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada.
| | - Ellen K Wasan
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada.
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Effect of CaCO3/HCl pretreatment on the surface modification of chitin gel beads via graft copolymerization of 2-hydroxy ethyl methacrylate and 4-vinylpyridine. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 82:208-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Yang X, Zhang C, Qiao C, Mu X, Li T, Xu J, Shi L, Zhang D. A simple and convenient method to synthesize N-[(2-hydroxyl)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium] chitosan chloride in an ionic liquid. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 130:325-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Maharana T, Pattanaik S, Routaray A, Nath N, Sutar AK. Synthesis and characterization of poly(lactic acid) based graft copolymers. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Jie K, Zhou Y, Ji X. A pH-responsive amphiphilic supramolecular graft copolymer constructed by crown ether based molecular recognition. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py01072h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Based on the bis(m-phenylene)-32-crown-10/paraquat molecular recognition motif in water, we have successfully prepared an amphiphilic supramolecular graft copolymer by the combination of modified hydrophilic poly(ethylene oxide) and hydrophobic polystyrene. It could self-assemble into pH-responsive bilayer vesicles in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kecheng Jie
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
| | - Yujuan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaofan Ji
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
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Abu Naim A, Umar A, Sanagi MM, Basaruddin N. Chemical modification of chitin by grafting with polystyrene using ammonium persulfate initiator. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 98:1618-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Chen Y, Ye Y, Wang L, Guo Y, Tan H. Synthesis of chitosan C6-substituted cyclodextrin derivatives with tosyl-chitin as the intermediate precursor. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Nakamura R, Aoi K, Okada M. Controlled Synthesis of a Chitosan-Based Graft Copolymer Having Polysarcosine Side Chains Using the NCA Method with a Carboxylic Acid Additive. Macromol Rapid Commun 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200600455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Kurita K. Chitin and chitosan: functional biopolymers from marine crustaceans. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2006; 8:203-26. [PMID: 16532368 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-005-0097-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 564] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2005] [Accepted: 09/22/2005] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Chitin and chitosan, typical marine polysaccharides as well as abundant biomass resources, are attracting a great deal of attention because of their distinctive biological and physicochemical characteristics. To fully explore the high potential of these specialty biopolymers, basic and application researches are being made extensively. This review deals with the fundamental aspects of chitin and chitosan such as the preparation of chitin and chitosan, crystallography, extent of N-acetylation, and some properties. Recent progress of their chemistry is then discussed, focusing on elemental modification reactions including acylation, alkylation, Schiff base formation and reductive alkylation, carboxyalkylation, phthaloylation, silylation, tosylation, quaternary salt formation, and sulfation and thiolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Kurita
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Seikei University, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8633, Japan.
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Bicak N, Karagoz B, Emre D. Atom transfer graft copolymerization of 2-ethyl hexylacrylate from labile chlorines of poly(vinyl chloride) in an aqueous suspension. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Masuko T, Iwasaki N, Yamane S, Funakoshi T, Majima T, Minami A, Ohsuga N, Ohta T, Nishimura SI. Chitosan?RGDSGGC conjugate as a scaffold material for musculoskeletal tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2005; 26:5339-47. [PMID: 15814132 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2004] [Accepted: 01/25/2005] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we have developed a novel and versatile method for the preparation of chitosan-peptide complex based on the selective reaction of chitosan with 2-iminothiolane. The new type of SH-chitosan derivative showed an excellent solubility to aqueous solution even in the alkaline conditions. This characteristic greatly facilitated further modification study of chitosan with a variety of bioactive substances. A synthetic peptide, RGDSGGC containing RGDS moiety that is known as one of the most important cell adhesive peptides, was readily coupled by disulfide bonds formation with sulfhydryl groups of SH-chitosan in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide. Next, the effect of the introduction of RGDSGGC moiety to chitosan on cell adhesion and proliferation activity of chondrocytes and fibroblasts were evaluated. As a result, it was suggested that this polysaccharide-peptide conjugate exhibited excellent capacities for both cell adhesion and cell proliferation of chondrocytes and fibroblasts. Considering the growing importance of the biocompatible scaffolds in the recent tailored tissue engineering technique, these results indicate that the present strategy of 2-iminothiolane-based conjugation of polysaccharides with biologically active peptides will become a key and potential technology to develop desirable scaffold materials for the tissue regenerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Masuko
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Japan
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Ochiai B, Endo T. Synthesis of novel core-crosslinked graft copolymers from crosslinked poly(mercapto-thiourethane). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.20937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Kurita K, Inoue M, Harata M. Graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate onto mercaptochitin and some properties of the resulting hybrid materials. Biomacromolecules 2002; 3:147-52. [PMID: 11866567 DOI: 10.1021/bm0101320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate onto mercaptochitin and some properties of the resulting graft copolymers have been studied. Methyl methacrylate was efficiently graft copolymerized onto mercaptochitin in dimethyl sulfoxide, and the grafting percentage reached 1300% under appropriate conditions. Although the side-chain ester groups were resistant to aqueous alkali, hydrolysis could be achieved with a mixture of aqueous sodium hydroxide and dimethyl sulfoxide. Subsequent treatment with acetic anhydride in methanol transformed the sodium carboxylate groups into carboxyl groups. Although the graft copolymers exhibited an improved affinity for organic solvents, those having sodium carboxylate or carboxyl units were characterized by a much more enhanced solubility and were soluble in common solvents. The hygroscopic nature of chitin decreased with an increase in the grafting extent but increased significantly upon hydrolysis of the ester groups. The enzymatic degradability of the graft copolymers, as evaluated with lysozyme, was also dependent on the grafting extent and much higher than that of the original chitin. DSC measurements revealed the presence of a glass transition phenomenon, which could be ascribed to the poly(methyl methacrylate) side chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Kurita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Seikei University, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8633, Japan
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Jenkins DW, Hudson SM. Review of vinyl graft copolymerization featuring recent advances toward controlled radical-based reactions and illustrated with chitin/chitosan trunk polymers. Chem Rev 2001; 101:3245-73. [PMID: 11840986 DOI: 10.1021/cr000257f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D W Jenkins
- Fiber and Polymer Science Program, Box 8301, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8301, USA
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Kurita K, Yoshino H, Nishimura SI, Ishii S, Mori T, Nishiyama Y. Mercapto-chitins: a new type of supports for effective immobilization of acid phosphatase. Carbohydr Polym 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0144-8617(97)00010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kurita K, Hashimoto S, Ishii S, Mori T, Nishimura SI. Efficient Graft Copolymerization of 2-Methyl-2-oxazoline onto Tosyl- and Iodo-Chitins in Solution. Polym J 1996. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.28.686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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