1
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Low Temperature, In Situ Polymerization of Vinyl Acetate in Silica Containing Emulsion Gels. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/7849372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Vinyl acetate (VAc) was polymerized to about 90% conversion in 9 h at 40°C from the colloidal microstructure of the VAc/fumed silica/cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) system. The glass transition (
) of poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) polymerized in these emulsion gels with silica was higher (
) than those of PVAc made from bulk polymerization at 60°C (
) and the weight average molar mass (
) was also larger (
about 300 kg/mol) than those from bulk polymerization (
). Increased
,
, and lowered processing temperature for these composites could facilitate new applications for PVAc.
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2
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Zhang Y, Dahal U, Feng ZV, Rosenzweig Z, Cui Q, Hamers RJ. Influence of Surface Ligand Molecular Structure on Phospholipid Membrane Disruption by Cationic Nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:7600-7610. [PMID: 34115507 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cationic nanoparticles are known to interact with biological membranes and often cause serious membrane damage. Therefore, it is important to understand the molecular mechanism for such interactions and the factors that impact the degree of membrane damage. Previously, we have demonstrated that spatial distribution of molecular charge at cationic nanoparticle surfaces plays an important role in determining the cellular uptake and membrane damage of these nanoparticles. In this work, using diamond nanoparticles (DNPs) functionalized with five different amine-based surface ligands and small phospholipid unilamellar vesicles (SUVs), we further investigate how chemical features and conformational flexibility of surface ligands impact nanoparticle/membrane interactions. 31P-NMR T2 relaxation measurements quantify the mobility changes in lipid dynamics upon exposing the SUVs to functional DNPs, and coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations further elucidate molecular details for the different modes of DNP-SUV interactions depending on the surface ligands. Collectively, our results show that the length of the hydrophobic segment and conformational flexibility of surface ligands are two key factors that dictate the degree of membrane damage by the DNP, while the amount of surface charge alone is not predictive of the strength of interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Udaya Dahal
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Z Vivian Feng
- Chemistry Department, Augsburg University, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, United States
| | - Zeev Rosenzweig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Qiang Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Robert J Hamers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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3
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Caputo S, Hristov V, Nicola AD, Herbst H, Pizzirusso A, Donati G, Munaò G, Albunia AR, Milano G. Efficient Hybrid Particle-Field Coarse-Grained Model of Polymer Filler Interactions: Multiscale Hierarchical Structure of Carbon Black Particles in Contact with Polyethylene. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:1755-1770. [PMID: 33577311 PMCID: PMC8023654 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c01095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we propose, validate, and give first applications for large-scale systems of coarse-grained models suitable for filler/polymer interfaces based on carbon black (CB) and polyethylene (PE). The computational efficiency of the proposed approach, based on hybrid particle-field models (hPF), allows large-scale simulations of CB primary particles of realistic size (∼20 nm) embedded in PE melts. The molecular detailed models, here introduced, allow a microscopic description of the bound layer, through the analysis of the conformational behavior of PE chains adsorbed on different surface sites of CB primary particles, where the conformational behavior of adsorbed chains is different from models based on flat infinite surfaces. On the basis of the features of the systems, an optimized version of OCCAM code for large-scale (up to more than 8 million of beads) parallel runs is proposed and benchmarked. The computational efficiency of the proposed approach opens the possibility of a computational screening of the bound layer, involving the optimal combination of surface chemistry, size, and shape of CB aggregates and the molecular weight distribution of the polymers achieving an important tool to address the polymer/fillers interface and interphase engineering in the polymer industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Caputo
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia, Università
di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, I-84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Velichko Hristov
- Innovation
& Technology, Borealis Polyolefine GmbH, St.-Peter-Straße 25, 4021, Linz, Austria
| | - Antonio De Nicola
- Department
of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata-ken 992-8510, Japan
| | - Harald Herbst
- Innovation
& Technology, Borealis Polyolefine GmbH, St.-Peter-Straße 25, 4021, Linz, Austria
| | - Antonio Pizzirusso
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia, Università
di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, I-84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Greta Donati
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia, Università
di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, I-84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Munaò
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Matematiche e Informatiche, Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della
Terra, Università degli Studi di
Messina, Viale F. Stagno
d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Milano
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia, Università
di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, I-84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
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4
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Madkour S, Gawek M, Hertwig A, Schönhals A. Do Interfacial Layers in Thin Films Act as an Independent Layer within Thin Films? Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Madkour
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und −prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcel Gawek
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und −prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Hertwig
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und −prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Schönhals
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und −prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
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5
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Tennakoon A, Wu X, Paterson AL, Patnaik S, Pei Y, LaPointe AM, Ammal SC, Hackler RA, Heyden A, Slowing II, Coates GW, Delferro M, Peters B, Huang W, Sadow AD, Perras FA. Catalytic upcycling of high-density polyethylene via a processive mechanism. Nat Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-020-00519-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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6
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Zhang Y, Hudson-Smith NV, Frand SD, Cahill MS, Davis LS, Feng ZV, Haynes CL, Hamers RJ. Influence of the Spatial Distribution of Cationic Functional Groups at Nanoparticle Surfaces on Bacterial Viability and Membrane Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:10814-10823. [PMID: 32402194 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
While positively charged nanomaterials induce cytotoxicity in many organisms, much less is known about how the spatial distribution and presentation of molecular surface charge impact nanoparticle-biological interactions. We systematically functionalized diamond nanoparticle surfaces with five different cationic surface molecules having different molecular structures and conformations, including four small ligands and one polymer, and we then probed the molecular-level interaction between these nanoparticles and bacterial cells. Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 was used as a model bacterial cell system to investigate how the molecular length and conformation of cationic surface charges influence their interactions with the Gram-negative bacterial membranes. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) demonstrate the covalent modification of the nanoparticle surface with the desired cationic organic monolayers. Surprisingly, bacterial growth-based viability (GBV) and membrane damage assays both show only minimal biological impact by the NPs functionalized with short cationic ligands within the concentration range tested, yet NPs covalently linked to a cationic polymer induce strong cytotoxicity, including reduced cellular viability and significant membrane damage at the same concentration of cationic groups. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of these NP-exposed bacterial cells show that NPs functionalized with cationic polymers induce significant membrane distortion and the production of outer membrane vesicle-like features, while NPs bearing short cationic ligands only exhibit weak membrane association. Our results demonstrate that the spatial distribution of molecular charge plays a key role in controlling the interaction of cationic nanoparticles with bacterial cell membranes and the subsequent biological impact. Nanoparticles functionalized with ligands having different lengths and conformations can have large differences in interactions even while having nearly identical zeta potentials. While the zeta potential is a convenient and commonly used measure of nanoparticle charge, it does not capture essential differences in molecular-level nanoparticle properties that control their biological impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqian Zhang
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Chemistry, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Natalie V Hudson-Smith
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Department of Chemistry, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Seth D Frand
- Augsburg University, Department of Chemistry, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, United States
| | - Meghan S Cahill
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Department of Chemistry, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Larissa S Davis
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Chemistry, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Z Vivian Feng
- Augsburg University, Department of Chemistry, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, United States
| | - Christy L Haynes
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Department of Chemistry, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Robert J Hamers
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Chemistry, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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7
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Khatiwada BK, Blum FD. Tightly Bound PMMA on Silica Has Reduced Heat Capacities. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:11482-11490. [PMID: 31408349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The heat capacities of very small adsorbed amounts of poly(methyl methacrylate) on high-surface-area silica (Cab-O-Sil) were measured using temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry (TMDSC) using a quasi-isothermal method and interpreted via different models. The composition-dependent heat capacities of the adsorbed samples were measurably less than those predicted with a simple mixture model. A two-state model, composed of tightly and loosely bound polymer, fits the data better with heat capacities of the tightly bound polymer found to be 70-80% (glassy region) and 70-94% (rubbery region) of that of the bulk polymer at the same temperatures. The amount of tightly bound polymer was estimated to be about 1.2 mg/m2 (about 1 nm thickness) in both the glassy and rubbery regions, consistent with heat flow measurements. The data sets were also extensive enough to model them with a more detailed layered gradient model, including a nonzero heat capacity for the polymer at zero adsorbed amount, which increased based on an exponential growth function to bulk polymer value of the heat capacity away from the surface. More importantly, this gradient model mimicked the experimental dependence on adsorbed amounts in the tightly bound adsorbed amount region (approximately 1 mg/m2). This model provided, for the first time, an experimental estimate of the heat capacity of the polymer adsorbed closest to the surface. The fractional heat capacity of the adsorbed polymer closest to the silica surface, relative to bulk polymer, increased with temperature from 0.3 (well below) to 0.8 (well above the bulk Tg). It was also possible to estimate the exponential growth parameter of the development from the initial heat capacities to the bulk heat capacity as 0.4 to 0.6 mg/m2, identifying a distance scale (0.3 to 0.5 nm) consistent with the notion of a transition from tightly bound to loosely bound polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bal K Khatiwada
- Department of Chemistry , Oklahoma State University , Stillwater , Oklahoma 74078 , United States
| | - Frank D Blum
- Department of Chemistry , Oklahoma State University , Stillwater , Oklahoma 74078 , United States
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8
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Robles-Hernández B, Monnier X, Pomposo JA, Gonzalez-Burgos M, Cangialosi D, Alegría A. Glassy Dynamics of an All-Polymer Nanocomposite Based on Polystyrene Single-Chain Nanoparticles. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Robles-Hernández
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apartado 1072, 20080 San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Xavier Monnier
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jose A. Pomposo
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apartado 1072, 20080 San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE-Basque Foundation for Science, María Díaz de Haro 3, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Marina Gonzalez-Burgos
- Centro de Física de Materiales, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Daniele Cangialosi
- Centro de Física de Materiales, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Angel Alegría
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apartado 1072, 20080 San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
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9
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Hetayothin B, Cabaniss RA, Blum FD. Does Plasticizer Penetrate Tightly Bound Polymer in Adsorbed Poly(vinyl acetate) on Silica? Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Boonta Hetayothin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los
Angeles, California 90032, United States
| | | | - Frank D. Blum
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
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10
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Mortazavian H, Fennell CJ, Blum FD. Surface Bonding Is Stronger for Poly(methyl methacrylate) than for Poly(vinyl acetate). Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Mortazavian
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Christopher J. Fennell
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Frank D. Blum
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
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11
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Mortazavian H, Fennell CJ, Blum FD. Structure of the Interfacial Region in Adsorbed Poly(vinyl acetate) on Silica. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Mortazavian
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Christopher J. Fennell
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Frank D. Blum
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
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12
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Jiang N, Endoh MK, Koga T, Masui T, Kishimoto H, Nagao M, Satija SK, Taniguchi T. Nanostructures and Dynamics of Macromolecules Bound to Attractive Filler Surfaces. ACS Macro Lett 2015; 4:838-842. [PMID: 35596506 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report in situ nanostructures and dynamics of polybutadiene (PB) chains bound to carbon black (CB) fillers (the so-called "bound polymer layer (BPL)") in a good solvent. The BPL on the CB fillers was extracted by solvent leaching of a CB-filled PB compound and subsequently dispersed in deuterated toluene to label the BPL for small-angle neutron scattering and neutron spin echo techniques. The results demonstrate that the BPL is composed of two regions regardless of molecular weights of PB: the inner unswollen region of ≈ 0.5 nm thick and outer swollen region where the polymer chains display a parabolic profile with a diffuse tail. In addition, the results show that the dynamics of the swollen bound chains can be explained by the so-called "breathing mode" and is generalized with the thickness of the swollen BPL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tomomi Masui
- Sumitomo
Rubber
Industries Ltd., 1-1, 2-chome, Tsutsui-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 671-0027, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kishimoto
- Sumitomo
Rubber
Industries Ltd., 1-1, 2-chome, Tsutsui-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 671-0027, Japan
| | - Michihiro Nagao
- NIST
Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-6102, United States
- Center for
Exploration of Energy and Matter, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, United States
| | - Sushil K. Satija
- NIST
Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-6102, United States
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Graduate
School of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura-Campus, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
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13
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Füllbrandt M, Purohit PJ, Schönhals A. Combined FTIR and Dielectric Investigation of Poly(vinyl acetate) Adsorbed on Silica Particles. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma400461p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Füllbrandt
- BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung, Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin,
Germany
| | - Purv J. Purohit
- BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung, Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin,
Germany
| | - Andreas Schönhals
- BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung, Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin,
Germany
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14
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Hetayothin B, Cabaniss RA, Blum FD. Dynamics of Di(propylene glycol) Dibenzoate-d10 in Poly(vinyl acetate) by Solid-State Deuterium NMR. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma301463n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Boonta Hetayothin
- Department of Chemistry and
Materials Research Center, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Roy A. Cabaniss
- Department of Computer Science, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla,
Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Frank D. Blum
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078,
United States
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15
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Krisanangkura P, Packard AM, Burgher J, Blum FD. Bound fractions of methacrylate polymers adsorbed on silica using FTIR. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.22066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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16
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de Sá MH, Eaton P, Ferreira JL, Melo MJ, Ramos AM. Ageing of vinyl emulsion paints-an atomic force microscopy study. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.3664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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17
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Metin B, Blum FD. Segmental dynamics in poly(methyl acrylate) on silica: effect of surface treatment. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:5226-5231. [PMID: 19950972 DOI: 10.1021/la903705p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The effect of surface treatment on the dynamics of adsorbed poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) was studied using deuterium NMR and temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry (TMDSC). The solid-state deuterium NMR experiments were performed using PMA-d(3), deuterated on the methyl group. The line shape changes for PMA-d(3) were followed as a function of temperature and compared for the polymer on untreated silica, organically modified (treated) silica (reacted with hexamethyltrisilazane), and in bulk. The dynamics of PMA-d(3) on treated silica was found to be intermediate between that of the polymer adsorbed on untreated silica and that of the bulk polymer, i.e., the treated silica caused a restriction on the dynamics of the polymer as compared to bulk, but not as dramatically as that on untreated silica. Similar to the dynamics on untreated silica, the dynamics on treated silica showed a broad heterogeneity with a superposition of more-mobile and less-mobile components. Two molecular mass samples were also studied (38 and 77 kDa) with the molecular mass dependence on the treated or untreated silica being weaker than that in bulk. The TMDSC thermograms of the samples were consistent with the NMR results, with the glass transition region for the PMA-d(3) on the treated silica being in between that of the bulk and that on the untreated silica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Metin
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409-0010, USA
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18
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Nambiar RR, Blum FD. Plasticization of Adsorbed Poly(vinyl acetate) on Silica by Deuterium Solid-State NMR. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma901205u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh R. Nambiar
- Departments of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409-0010
| | - Frank D. Blum
- Departments of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409-0010
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19
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Tyagi M, Arbe A, Alvarez F, Colmenero J, González MA. Short-range order and collective dynamics of poly(vinyl acetate): A combined study by neutron scattering and molecular dynamics simulations. J Chem Phys 2008; 129:224903. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3028210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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20
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Nambiar RR, Blum FD. Segmental Dynamics of Bulk Poly(vinyl acetate)-d3 by Solid-State 2H NMR: Effect of Small Molecule Plasticizer. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma801535d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh R. Nambiar
- Departments of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409-0010
| | - Frank D. Blum
- Departments of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409-0010
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21
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Kabomo MT, Blum FD, Kulkeratiyut S, Kulkeratiyut S, Krisanangkura P. Effects of molecular mass and surface treatment on adsorbed poly(methyl methacrylate) on silica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.21400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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22
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Metin B, Blum FD. Segmental dynamics in poly(methyl acrylate) on silica: Molecular-mass effects. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:054707. [PMID: 16942241 DOI: 10.1063/1.2219739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of molecular mass on the segmental dynamics of poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) adsorbed on silica was studied using deuterium quadrupole-echo nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and modulated differential scanning calorimetry. Samples adsorbed on silica (all about 1.5 mg PMA/m2 silica) were shown to have more restricted segmental mobility, and higher Tg's, than the corresponding bulk PMA samples. Around the glass-transition region, adsorbed samples exhibited segmental mobility, which could be classified as heterogeneous due to a superposition of more-mobile and less-mobile components present in the deuterium NMR spectra. This heterogeneity was consistent with a motional gradient with more-mobile segments near the polymer-air interface and the less-mobile species near the polymer-silica interface. The mobility of the adsorbed 77 kDa PMA sample was the lowest among the four different molecular-mass samples studied. Samples studied with masses both larger and smaller than 77 kDa had larger mobile-component fractions in the adsorbed polymer. The additional mobility was attributed to the presence of either longer tail and loop conformations in the higher molecular-mass samples or the inherent mobility of the tails in the lower molecular-mass samples on the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Metin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, Missouri 65409-0010, USA
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23
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Metin B, Blum FD. Molecular mass and dynamics of poly(methyl acrylate) in the glass-transition region. J Chem Phys 2006; 124:054908. [PMID: 16468919 DOI: 10.1063/1.2162879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The segmental dynamics of bulk poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) were studied as a function of molecular mass in the glass-transition region using 2H NMR and modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC). Quadrupole-echo 2H NMR spectra were obtained for four samples of methyl-deuterated PMA-d3 with different molecular masses. The resulting spectra were fit using superpositions of simulated spectra generated from the MXQET simulation program, based on a model incorporating nearest-neighbor jumps from positions on the vertices of a truncated icosahedron (soccer-ball shape). The lower molecular-mass samples, influenced by the presence of more chain ends, showed more heterogeneity (broader distribution) and lower glass transitions than the higher molecular-mass samples. The MDSC experiments on both protonated and deuterated samples showed behavior consistent with the NMR results, but temperature shifted due to the different frequency range of the measurements in terms of both the position and breadth of the glass transition as a function of molecular mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Metin
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Research Center, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, Missouri 65409-0010, USA
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24
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Yamamoto K, Kato K, Sugino Y, Hara S, Miwa Y, Sakaguchi M, Shimada S. ESR Study on Segmental Motion of Polyethylene in Amorphous Region, Dependent on Crystallinity, Molecular Weight, and Labeled Site. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma050062f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiro Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan, and Nagoya Keizai University, 61 Uchikubo, Inuyama 484-8503, Japan
| | - Kazumichi Kato
- Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan, and Nagoya Keizai University, 61 Uchikubo, Inuyama 484-8503, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sugino
- Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan, and Nagoya Keizai University, 61 Uchikubo, Inuyama 484-8503, Japan
| | - Shigeo Hara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan, and Nagoya Keizai University, 61 Uchikubo, Inuyama 484-8503, Japan
| | - Yohei Miwa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan, and Nagoya Keizai University, 61 Uchikubo, Inuyama 484-8503, Japan
| | - Masato Sakaguchi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan, and Nagoya Keizai University, 61 Uchikubo, Inuyama 484-8503, Japan
| | - Shigetaka Shimada
- Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan, and Nagoya Keizai University, 61 Uchikubo, Inuyama 484-8503, Japan
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25
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Blum FD, Gandhi BC, Forciniti D, Dharani LR. Effect of Surface Segmental Mobility on Adhesion of Acrylic Soft Adhesives. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0485336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank D. Blum
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Research Center, University of MissouriRolla, Rolla, Missouri 65409
| | - Bhavesh C. Gandhi
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Research Center, University of MissouriRolla, Rolla, Missouri 65409
| | - Daniel Forciniti
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Research Center, University of MissouriRolla, Rolla, Missouri 65409
| | - Lokeswarappa R. Dharani
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Research Center, University of MissouriRolla, Rolla, Missouri 65409
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26
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27
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Zhang B, Blum FD. Modulated Differential Scanning Calorimetry of Ultrathin Adsorbed PS-r-PMMA Copolymers on Silica. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma034875k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Research Center, University of MissouriRolla, Rolla, Missouri 65409-0010
| | - Frank D. Blum
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Research Center, University of MissouriRolla, Rolla, Missouri 65409-0010
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28
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Fukao K, Uno S, Miyamoto Y, Hoshino A, Miyaji H. Dynamics of alpha and beta processes in thin polymer films: poly(vinyl acetate) and poly(methyl methacrylate). PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2001; 64:051807. [PMID: 11735958 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.64.051807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Dynamics of thin films of poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) have been investigated by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy in the frequency range from 0.1 Hz to 1 MHz at temperatures from 263 to 423 K. The alpha process, the key process of glass transition, is observed for thin films of PVAc and PMMA as a dielectric loss peak at a temperature T(alpha) in temperature domain with a fixed frequency. For PMMA, the beta process is also observed at a temperature T(beta). For PVAc, T(alpha) decreases gradually with decreasing thickness, and the thickness dependence of T(alpha) is almost independent of the molecular weight (Mw< or =2.4x10(5)). For PMMA, T(alpha) remains almost constant as thickness decreases down to a critical thickness dc, at which point it begins to decrease with decreasing thickness. Contrastingly, T(beta) decreases gradually as thickness decreases to dc, and below dc it decreases drastically. For both PVAc and PMMA, the broadening of the distribution of the relaxation times in thinner films is observed and this broadening is more pronounced for the alpha process than for the beta process. It is also observed that the relaxation strength is depressed as the thickness decreases for both the polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Fukao
- Faculty of Integrated Human Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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29
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Jang J, Bae J, Kang D. Phase-separation prevention and performance improvement of poly(vinyl acetate)/TEOS hybrid using modified sol-gel process. J Appl Polym Sci 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/app.2079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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NMR Methods for Studies of Organic Adsorption Layers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1383-7303(01)80031-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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31
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Jang J, Bae J, Kang D. Role of silane coupling agents for performance improvement of poly(vinyl acetate)/tetraethyl orthosilicate hybrid composites prepared by a sol-gel process. POLYM INT 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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32
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Tsui OKC, Wang XP, Ho JYL, Ng TK, Xiao X. Studying Surface Glass-to-Rubber Transition Using Atomic Force Microscopic Adhesion Measurements. Macromolecules 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ma991473x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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33
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Segmental Dynamics of Solid-State Poly(methylphenylsilane) by 1D and 2D Deuterium NMR. Macromolecules 1998; 31:4852-61. [PMID: 9680423 DOI: 10.1021/ma980149j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The segmental dynamics of solid-state poly(methylphenylsilane) were probed with deuterium solid-echo and two-dimensional exchange (2D-X) NMR via a methyl-d3 label. Between 25 and 50 degreesC, the spectra indicated that the polymer consisted of two fractions-a fast fraction with correlation times (tauc) below 10(-5) s and one with tauc's above 10 s. Above 50 degreesC, motion with tauc's around 10(-3) s was also detected. A minimization routine was developed to fit the 2D-X spectra to a model of isotropic rotational diffusion with a distribution of tauc's. The best fits were obtained with trimodal stretched-exponential distributions. The trimodal distributions consisted of a fast mode with tauc's around 10(-5) s, an intermediate mode with tauc's between 10(-4) and 0.3 s, and a slow mode with tauc's generally above 10 s. As the temperature increased from 56 to 90 degreesC, the fast fraction steadily increased from 21% to 50% while its average tauc remained around 10(-5) s; the intermediate fraction remained relatively constant at 23% while its average tauc decreased from 125 to 8 ms, and the rigid fraction decreased from 55% to 32% with an average tauc around 40 s. The fast fraction was attributed to amorphous segments, the rigid fraction to crystalline segments, and the intermediate fraction to segments that formed an interphase between the two.
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Yamamoto K, Shimada S, Ohira K, Sakaguchi M, Tsujita Y. Molecular Motion of Isolated Single Polymer Chains Tethered on a Fresh Surface of Poly(tetrafluoroethylene). Macromolecules 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ma9705073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiro Yamamoto
- Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466, Japan, and Ichimura Gakuen College, 61 Uchikubo, Inuyama 484, Japan
| | - Shigetaka Shimada
- Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466, Japan, and Ichimura Gakuen College, 61 Uchikubo, Inuyama 484, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ohira
- Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466, Japan, and Ichimura Gakuen College, 61 Uchikubo, Inuyama 484, Japan
| | - Masato Sakaguchi
- Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466, Japan, and Ichimura Gakuen College, 61 Uchikubo, Inuyama 484, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Tsujita
- Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466, Japan, and Ichimura Gakuen College, 61 Uchikubo, Inuyama 484, Japan
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35
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Lin WY, Blum FD. Segmental Dynamics of Bulk and Adsorbed Poly(methyl acrylate)-d3 by Deuterium NMR: Effect of Adsorbed Amount. Macromolecules 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ma9700587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wuu-Yung Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Research Center, University of MissouriRolla, Rolla, Missouri 65409-0010
| | - Frank D. Blum
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Research Center, University of MissouriRolla, Rolla, Missouri 65409-0010
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