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Synthesis, Properties, and Biodegradability of Novel Sequence-Controlled Copolyesters Composed of Glycolic Acid, Dicarboxylic Acids, and C 3 or C 4 Diols. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051155. [PMID: 36904396 PMCID: PMC10007436 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that sequence-controlled copolyesters such as poly((ethylene diglycolate) terephthalate) (poly(GEGT)) showed higher melting temperatures than those of the corresponding random copolymers and high biodegradability in seawater. In this study, to elucidate the effect of the diol component on their properties, a series of new sequence-controlled copolyesters composed of glycolic acid, 1,4-butanediol or 1,3-propanediol, and dicarboxylic acid units was studied. 1,4-Butylene diglycolate (GBG) and 1,3-trimethylene diglycolate (GPG) were prepared by the reactions of 1,4-dibromobutane or 1,3-dibromopropane with potassium glycolate, respectively. Polycondensation of GBG or GPG with various dicarboxylic acid chlorides produced a series of copolyesters. Terephthalic acid, 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, and adipic acid were used as the dicarboxylic acid units. Among the copolyesters bearing terephthalate or 2,5-furandicarboxylate units, the melting temperatures (Tm) of the copolyesters containing 1,4-butanediol or 1,2-ethanediol units were substantially higher than those of the copolyester containing the 1,3-propanediol unit. Poly((1,4-butylene diglycolate) 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (poly(GBGF)) showed a Tm at 90 °C, while the corresponding random copolymer was reported to be amorphous. The glass-transition temperatures of the copolyesters decreased as the carbon number of the diol component increased. Poly(GBGF) was found to show higher biodegradability in seawater than that of poly(butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PBF). On the other hand, the hydrolysis of poly(GBGF) was suppressed in comparison with that of poly(glycolic acid). Thus, these sequence-controlled copolyesters have both improved biodegradability compared to PBF and lower hydrolyzability than PGA.
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Li P, Yan D, Luo L, Tang W, Ren H, Yan Y. Poly(arylene ether nitrile) copolymers containing pendant phenyl: Synthesis and properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Li
- College of Physics Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Dawei Yan
- College of Physics Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Lin Luo
- College of Physics Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Wanli Tang
- College of Physics Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Haohao Ren
- College of Physics Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yonggang Yan
- College of Physics Sichuan University Chengdu China
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Poulopoulou N, Pipertzis A, Kasmi N, Bikiaris DN, Papageorgiou DG, Floudas G, Papageorgiou GZ. Green polymeric materials: On the dynamic homogeneity and miscibility of furan-based polyester blends. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Poulopoulou N, Kasmi N, Siampani M, Terzopoulou ZN, Bikiaris DN, Achilias DS, Papageorgiou DG, Papageorgiou GZ. Exploring Next-Generation Engineering Bioplastics: Poly(alkylene furanoate)/Poly(alkylene terephthalate) (PAF/PAT) Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E556. [PMID: 30960540 PMCID: PMC6473530 DOI: 10.3390/polym11030556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymers from renewable resources and especially strong engineering partially aromatic biobased polyesters are of special importance for the evolution of bioeconomy. The fabrication of polymer blends is a creative method for the production of tailor-made materials for advanced applications that are able to combine functionalities from both components. In this study, poly(alkylene furanoate)/poly(alkylene terephthalate) blends with different compositions were prepared by solution blending in a mixture of trifluoroacetic acid and chloroform. Three different types of blends were initially prepared, namely, poly(ethylene furanoate)/poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PEF/PET), poly(propylene furanoate)/poly(propylene terephthalate) (PPF/PPT), and poly(1,4-cyclohenedimethylene furanoate)/poly(1,4-cycloxehane terephthalate) (PCHDMF/PCHDMT). These blends' miscibility characteristics were evaluated by examining the glass transition temperature of each blend. Moreover, reactive blending was utilized for the enhancement of miscibility and dynamic homogeneity and the formation of copolymers through transesterification reactions at high temperatures. PEF⁻PET and PPF⁻PPT blends formed a copolymer at relatively low reactive blending times. Finally, poly(ethylene terephthalate-co-ethylene furanoate) (PETF) random copolymers were successfully introduced as compatibilizers for the PEF/PET immiscible blends, which resulted in enhanced miscibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Poulopoulou
- Chemistry Department, University of Ioannina, P.O. Box 1186, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Nejib Kasmi
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece.
| | - Maria Siampani
- Chemistry Department, University of Ioannina, P.O. Box 1186, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Zoi N Terzopoulou
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece.
| | - Dimitrios N Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece.
| | - Dimitris S Achilias
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece.
| | - Dimitrios G Papageorgiou
- School of Materials and National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - George Z Papageorgiou
- Chemistry Department, University of Ioannina, P.O. Box 1186, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
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Wu CS, Liao HT. Preparation and characterization of functionalized graphite/poly(butylene terephthalate) composites. Polym Bull (Berl) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-015-1372-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Processing and assessment of high-performance poly(butylene terephthalate) nanocomposites reinforced with microwave exfoliated graphite oxide nanosheets. Eur Polym J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Li M, Jeong YG. Influences of exfoliated graphite on structures, thermal stability, mechanical modulus, and electrical resistivity of poly(butylene terephthalate). J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Meilu Li
- Department of Materials Design Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, Gyeongbuk 730‐701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Gyu Jeong
- Department of Materials Design Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, Gyeongbuk 730‐701, Republic of Korea
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Lo CL, Lin SJ, Tsai HC, Chan WH, Tsai CH, Cheng CHD, Hsiue GH. Mixed micelle systems formed from critical micelle concentration and temperature-sensitive diblock copolymers for doxorubicin delivery. Biomaterials 2009; 30:3961-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2009] [Accepted: 04/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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El.Shafee E, Zaki M, Saad GR. Annealing of poly(trimethylene terephthalate)/polycarbonate blends. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-008-9232-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Jung DDB, Bhattacharyya D, Easteal AJ. Spectroscopic analysis of poly(ethylene naphthalate)–poly(butylene terephthalate) blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.26736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Huang DH, Woo EM, Lee LT. A comparative study on transreactions induced phase changes in blends of poly(trimethylene terephthalate) and poly(ethylene naphthalate) upon annealing. Colloid Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-005-1443-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Thermal and NMR characterization on trans-esterification-induced phase changes in blends of poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalate) with poly(pentylene terephthalate). POLYMER 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.05.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Roupakias CP, Bikiaris DN, Karayannidis GP. Synthesis, thermal characterization, and tensile properties of alipharomatic polyesters derived from 1,3-propanediol and terephthalic, isophthalic, and 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.20886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Guerrica-Echevarria G, Eguiazábal JI, Nazábal J. Partially miscible blends based on a polyarylate and poly(trimethylene terephthalate). J Appl Polym Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/app.20096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Cranston E, Kawada J, Raymond S, Morin FG, Marchessault RH. Cocrystallization model for synthetic biodegradable poly(butylene adipate-co-butylene terephthalate). Biomacromolecules 2003; 4:995-9. [PMID: 12857084 DOI: 10.1021/bm034089n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic biodegradable poly(butylene adipate-co-butylene terephthalate), P(BA-co-BT), with 56 mol % butylene adipate, BA, was characterized by solid-state NMR spectroscopy, thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, computer modeling, and polarization microscopy. The NMR study showed the presence of BA and butylene terephthalate, BT. T(1C) NMR measurements proved that some BA and BT units were in crystalline regions. Thermal analysis showed one glass-transition temperature and a single diffuse melting endotherm corresponding to a large melting-point depression of about 100 degrees C compared with poly(butylene terephthalate), PBT. These results suggest that there is only one crystalline phase. An X-ray fiber diagram of a stretched film could be indexed with the same unit cell as that for PBT. Computer modeling showed that the adipate unit fits into the crystal structure of PBT by adopting a TTGTG dihedral angle sequence in the crystalline conformation proposed for the cocrystallization model. The predicted fiber diagram from the proposed model qualitatively agrees with the experimental one. Polarization microscopy revealed that the spherulite growth rate of P(BA-co-BT) was similar to that for poly(butylene adipate), PBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Cranston
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 3420 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2A7, Canada
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Kawakami H, Nakajima K, Shimizu H, Nagaoka S. Gas permeation stability of asymmetric polyimide membrane with thin skin layer: effect of polyimide structure. J Memb Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0376-7388(02)00499-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kawakami H, Nakajima K, Nagaoka S. Gas separation characteristics of isomeric polyimide membrane prepared under shear stress. J Memb Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0376-7388(02)00428-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Mikawa M, Nagaoka S, Kawakami H. Gas permeation stability of asymmetric polyimide membrane with thin skin layer: effect of molecular weight of polyimide. J Memb Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0376-7388(02)00329-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kuwabara K, Gan Z, Nakamura T, Abe H, Doi Y. Crystalline/amorphous phase structure and molecular mobility of biodegradable poly(butylene adipate-co-butylene terephthalate) and related polyesters. Biomacromolecules 2002; 3:390-6. [PMID: 11888327 DOI: 10.1021/bm0156476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), atomic force microscopy (AFM), wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXD), and solid-state (13)C NMR have been used to investigate the crystalline/amorphous structure and molecular mobility of biodegradable poly(butylene adipate-co-44 mol % butylene terephthalate) [P(BA-co-44 mol % BT)] copolyester sample crystallized from the melt. The DSC endothermic peak, which is ascribed to the melting of the crystalline region, was broad relative to those reported for conventional partially crystalline polyesters. In AFM observation, spherulitic morphology was not observed while small particles with a size of about 100 nm were detected. The WAXD pattern of the sample was very broad. These results have indicated that a melt-crystallized P(BA-co-44 mol % BT) sample contains small crystals with a wide distribution in size. A solid-state (13)C NMR technique was also used to perform molecular-level and selective analyses for both butylene terephthalate and butylene adipate units. For the butylene terephthalate units, the existence of two components with different microstructure and molecular mobility was detected: one component was assigned to the alpha-form crystal of poly(butylene terephthalate) homopolymer (PBT) and the other was in amorphous regions. In contrast, all of butylene adipate units were located in amorphous regions. Solid-state NMR data have suggested that sizes of crystalline regions are less than 3 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Kuwabara
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory and Characterization Center, RIKEN Institute, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Lim AR, Novak BM. Helix conformation in helical polycarbodiimides studied by solid state C NMR. Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(01)00476-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Mikawa M, Nagaoka S, Kawakami H. Gas transport properties and molecular motions of 6FDA copolyimides. J Memb Sci 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0376-7388(99)00165-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Endo T, Kitagawa R, Zhang F, Hirotsu T, Hosokawa J. Mechano-chemical Preparation of Novel Cellulose-Poly(ethylene glycol) Composite. CHEM LETT 1999. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1999.1155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Mart�n O, Mendicuti F, Saiz E, Mattice WL. Intramolecular excited state complexes in trichromophoric model compounds for polyesters derived from 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid and aliphatic glycols: experiment, rotational isomeric state model, and molecular dynamics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0488(19990201)37:3<253::aid-polb9>3.0.co;2-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Guo M, Brittain WJ. Structure and Properties of Naphthalene-Containing Polyesters. 4. New Insight into the Relationship of Transesterification and Miscibility. Macromolecules 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ma9716903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Guo
- Institute of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909
| | - William J. Brittain
- Institute of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909
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