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Bakar R, Darvishi S, Aydemir U, Yahsi U, Tav C, Menceloglu YZ, Senses E. Decoding Polymer Architecture Effect on Ion Clustering, Chain Dynamics, and Ionic Conductivity in Polymer Electrolytes. ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2023; 6:4053-4064. [PMID: 37064412 PMCID: PMC10091352 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.3c00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based polymer electrolytes are a promising class of materials for use in lithium-ion batteries due to their high ionic conductivity and flexibility. In this study, the effects of polymer architecture including linear, star, and hyperbranched and salt (lithiumbis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI)) concentration on the glass transition (T g), microstructure, phase diagram, free volume, and bulk viscosity, all of which play a significant role in determining the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte, have been systematically studied for PEO-based polymer electrolytes. The branching of PEO widens the liquid phase toward lower salt concentrations, suggesting decreased crystallization and improved ion coordination. At high salt loadings, ion clustering is common for all electrolytes, yet the cluster size and distribution appear to be strongly architecture-dependent. Also, the ionic conductivity is maximized at a salt concentration of [Li/EO ≈ 0.085] for all architectures, and the highly branched polymers displayed as much as three times higher ionic conductivity (with respect to the linear analogue) for the same total molar mass. The architecture-dependent ionic conductivity is attributed to the enhanced free volume measured by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. Interestingly, despite the strong architecture dependence of ionic conductivity, the salt addition in the highly branched architectures results in accelerated yet similar monomeric friction coefficients for these polymers, offering significant potential toward decoupling of conductivity from segmental dynamics of polymer electrolytes, leading to outstanding battery performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Recep Bakar
- Department
of Material Science and Engineering, Koç
University, Sariyer, Istanbul 34450, Türkiye
| | - Saeid Darvishi
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koç University, Sariyer, Istanbul 34450, Türkiye
| | - Umut Aydemir
- Department
of Chemistry, Koç University, Sariyer, Istanbul 34450, Türkiye
- Koc
University Boron and Advanced Materials Application and Research Center
(KUBAM), Sariyer, Istanbul 34450, Türkiye
| | - Ugur Yahsi
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Science, Marmara
University, Kadikoy, Istanbul 34722, Türkiye
| | - Cumali Tav
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Science, Marmara
University, Kadikoy, Istanbul 34722, Türkiye
| | - Yusuf Ziya Menceloglu
- Faculty of
Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci
University, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Türkiye
| | - Erkan Senses
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koç University, Sariyer, Istanbul 34450, Türkiye
- Koc
University Boron and Advanced Materials Application and Research Center
(KUBAM), Sariyer, Istanbul 34450, Türkiye
- Koç
University Surface Science and Technology Center (KUYTAM), Rumelifeneri yolu, Sariyer, Istanbul 34450, Türkiye
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2
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Kobayashi H, Akiniwa K, Iwahori F, Honda H, Yamamoto M, Odanaka Y, Inagaki M. Investigation of Various Organic Radicals Dispersed in Polymethylmethacrylate Matrices Using the Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy Technique. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:20855-20864. [PMID: 34423193 PMCID: PMC8374906 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy technique was used to study various organic radicals, such as 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxyl (TEMPO), 4-hydroxy-TEMPO (TEMPOL), 2-X-nitronylnitroxide (2-X-NN, X = Ph, NO2Ph, or cyclohexyl), 4-Y-benzonitronylnitroxide (4-Y-PhBzNN, Y = Ph or NO2Ph), and 2-Z-iminonitroxide (2-Z-IN, Z = Ph or NO2Ph) dispersed in a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) matrix. The experiments were conducted at room temperature. The complex nature of the recorded ESR spectra could be attributed to the superposition of the rotational diffusion component of TEMPO (or TEMPOL) in the nanospace of the PMMA matrix with the rigid-limit component. A single component of the rigid-limit was observed for 2-X-NN and 4-Y-PhBzNN radicals dispersed in the PMMA matrix. The isotropic components of g and hyperfine ( A ) tensor, estimated by analyzing the solution spectra, were used to determine the g and A components of 4-Y-PhBzNN. Only the rotational diffusion component was observed for the 2-Z-IN radical. These results demonstrated that the PMMA matrix contains cylindrical nanospaces. Various radicals other than TEMPO derivatives could be used in the ESR spin probe technique as probe molecules for determining the structures, sizes, and shapes of the nanospaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Kobayashi
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences at Fujiyoshida, Showa University, 4562, Kami-yoshida, Fuji-yoshida-shi, Yamanashi 403-0005, Japan
| | - Kento Akiniwa
- Graduate School of Integrated Basic Sciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, 3-25-40, Sakura-jo-sui, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8550, Japan
| | - Fumiyasu Iwahori
- Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, 3-25-40, Sakura-jo-sui, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8550, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Honda
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences at Fujiyoshida, Showa University, 4562, Kami-yoshida, Fuji-yoshida-shi, Yamanashi 403-0005, Japan
| | - Masato Yamamoto
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences at Fujiyoshida, Showa University, 4562, Kami-yoshida, Fuji-yoshida-shi, Yamanashi 403-0005, Japan
| | - Yuki Odanaka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Showa University, 1-5-8, Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Masahiro Inagaki
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences at Fujiyoshida, Showa University, 4562, Kami-yoshida, Fuji-yoshida-shi, Yamanashi 403-0005, Japan
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3
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Fica-Contreras SM, Hoffman DJ, Pan J, Liang C, Fayer MD. Free Volume Element Sizes and Dynamics in Polystyrene and Poly(methyl methacrylate) Measured with Ultrafast Infrared Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:3583-3594. [PMID: 33630576 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c13397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The size, size distribution, dynamics, and electrostatic properties of free volume elements (FVEs) in polystyrene (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were investigated using the Restricted Orientation Anisotropy Method (ROAM), an ultrafast infrared spectroscopic technique. The restricted orientational dynamics of a vibrational probe embedded in the polymer matrix provides detailed information on FVE sizes and their probability distribution. The probe's orientational dynamics vary as a function of its frequency within the inhomogeneously broadened vibrational absorption spectrum. By characterizing the degree of orientational restriction at different probe frequencies, FVE radii and their probability distribution were determined. PS has larger FVEs and a broader FVE size distribution than PMMA. The average FVE radii in PS and PMMA are 3.4 and 3.0 Å, respectively. The FVE radius probability distribution shows that the PS distribution is non-Gaussian, with a tail to larger radii, whereas in PMMA, the distribution is closer to Gaussian. FVE structural dynamics, previously unavailable through other techniques, occur on a ∼150 ps time scale in both polymers. The dynamics involve FVE shape fluctuations which, on average, conserve the FVE size. FVE radii were associated with corresponding electric field strengths through the first-order vibrational Stark effect of the CN stretch of the vibrational probe, phenyl selenocyanate (PhSeCN). PMMA displayed unique measured FVE radii for each electric field strength. By contrast, PS showed that, while larger radii correspond to unique and relatively weak electric fields, the smallest measured radii map onto a broad distribution of strong electric fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David J Hoffman
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Junkun Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Chungwen Liang
- Computational Modeling Core Facility, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Michael D Fayer
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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4
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Amorphous polymer dynamics and free volume element size distributions from ultrafast IR spectroscopy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:13949-13958. [PMID: 32513742 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2003225117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A method for measuring the size and size probability distribution of free volume regions in polymeric materials using ultrafast infrared (IR) polarization-selective pump-probe experiments is presented. Measurements of the ultrafast dynamics of a vibrational probe (the CN stretch of phenyl selenocyanate) in poly(methyl methacrylate) show that the probe dynamics are highly confined. The degree of confinement was found to be both time-dependent and dependent on the vibrational frequency of the probe molecule. The experiments demonstrate that different vibrational frequencies correspond to distinct subensembles of probe molecules that have different dynamic properties determined by their local structural environments. By combining the degree of dynamical confinement with the molecular size of the probe molecule, the free volume element size probability distribution was determined and found to be in good agreement with the best established experimental measure of free volume. The relative probability of a free volume element size is determined by the amplitude of the nitrile absorption spectrum at the frequency of the measurement. The inhomogeneous broadening of the spectrum was linked to the vibrational Stark effect, which permits site selectivity. The observed dynamics at each frequency were then associated with a different size free volume element and distinct local electric field. The multiple timescales observed in the pump-probe experiments were connected to local structural fluctuations of the free volume elements.
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5
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The Effect of Polymeric Excipients on the Physical Properties and Performance of Amorphous Dispersions: Part I, Free Volume and Glass Transition. Pharm Res 2014; 32:500-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1478-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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6
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Bhowmik D, Pomposo JA, Juranyi F, García Sakai V, Zamponi M, Arbe A, Colmenero J. Investigation of a Nanocomposite of 75 wt % Poly(methyl methacrylate) Nanoparticles with 25 wt % Poly(ethylene oxide) Linear Chains: A Quasielatic Neutron Scattering, Calorimetric, and WAXS Study. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma500215f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Bhowmik
- Donostia International Physics
Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal
4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - J. A. Pomposo
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC−UPV/EHU)
− Materials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Departamento
de Física de Materiales, UPV/EHU, Apartado 1072, 20080 San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE
- Basque Foundation for Science, Alameda
Urquijo 36, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | - F. Juranyi
- Laboratory for Neutron
Scattering, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - V. García Sakai
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - M. Zamponi
- Jülich
Centre for Neutron Science, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, outstation at Heinz
Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - A. Arbe
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC−UPV/EHU)
− Materials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - J. Colmenero
- Donostia International Physics
Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal
4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC−UPV/EHU)
− Materials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Departamento
de Física de Materiales, UPV/EHU, Apartado 1072, 20080 San Sebastián, Spain
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7
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Meng X, Liu X, Li Z, Zhou Q. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy for miscibility investigations of styrene-butadiene-styrene copolymer/polystyrene blends. POLYM ENG SCI 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Meng
- College of Science; China University of Petroleum (Beijing); Beijing 102249 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Failure; Corrosion and Protection of Oil/gas Facilities; Beijing 102249 China
| | - Xu Liu
- College of Science; China University of Petroleum (Beijing); Beijing 102249 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Failure; Corrosion and Protection of Oil/gas Facilities; Beijing 102249 China
| | - Zhuoxi Li
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Analysis Techniques; Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Qiong Zhou
- College of Science; China University of Petroleum (Beijing); Beijing 102249 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Failure; Corrosion and Protection of Oil/gas Facilities; Beijing 102249 China
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8
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Silva L, Tognana S, Salgueiro W. Miscibility in crystalline/amorphous blends of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/DGEBA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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9
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Ramya P, Ranganathaiah C, Williams J. Experimental determination of interface widths in binary polymer blends from free volume measurements. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Gong Z, Yan X, Gong J, Wang J, Wang B. Investigation of free volume and damping property for polycarbonate/multiwalled carbon nanotube composites by positron annihilation technology. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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11
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Ramani R, Alam S. Influence of poly(ether imide) on the free volume hole size and distributions in poly(ether ether ketone). J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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12
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Meghala D, Ranganathaiah C. Characterization of interfaces in Poly (styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN) based ternary polymer blends: A new approach from positron lifetime spectroscopy. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Wang Z, Pang H, Li G, Zhang Z. Glass Transition and Free Volume of High Impact Polystyrene/TiO2 Nanocomposites Determined by Dilatometry. J MACROMOL SCI B 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00222340600890497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobo Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Nanostructured Materials , Qingdao University of Science & Technology , Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongtao Pang
- b Fishery College , Ocean University of China , Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Guicun Li
- a Key Laboratory of Nanostructured Materials , Qingdao University of Science & Technology , Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhikun Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Nanostructured Materials , Qingdao University of Science & Technology , Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- b Fishery College , Ocean University of China , Qingdao, People's Republic of China
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14
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Jeddi K, Qazvini NT, Hassan Jafari S, Ali Khonakdar H, Seyfi J, Reuter U. Investigating the effect of nanolayered silicates on blend segmental dynamics and minor component relaxation behavior in poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(methyl methacrylate) miscible blends. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.22168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Influence of octakis-functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes on the physical properties of their polymer nanocomposites. POLYMER 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Sato K, Murakami H, Ito K, Hirata K, Kobayashi Y. Probing the Elemental Environment around the Free Volume in Polymers with Positron Annihilation Age−Momentum Correlation Spectroscopy. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma900462a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Sato
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Gakugei University, 4-1-1 Koganei, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan
| | - H. Murakami
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Gakugei University, 4-1-1 Koganei, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan
| | - K. Ito
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - K. Hirata
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Y. Kobayashi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
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17
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Ramos JA, Larrañaga M, Mondragon I, Salgueiro W, Somoza A, Goyanes S, Rubiolo GH. Correlation between nanohole volume and mechanical properties of amine-cured epoxy resin blended with poly(ethylene oxide). POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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18
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Mohamed HF, Ito K, Kobayashi Y, Takimoto N, Takeoka Y, Ohira A. Free volume and permeabilities of O2 and H2 in Nafion membranes for polymer electrolyte fuel cells. POLYMER 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Zhou W, Wang B, Zheng Y, Zhu Y, Wang J, Qi N. Effect of Surface Decoration of CNTs on the Interfacial Interaction and Microstructure of Epoxy/MWNT Nanocomposites. Chemphyschem 2008; 9:1046-52. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200700850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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20
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Wang H, Chen Z, Fang P, Wang S, Xu Y, Fang Z. The influence of acrylic acid groups on the microstructure of HDPE/BT system studied by positron annihilation. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.27682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Chen H, Cheng ML, Jean YC, Lee LJ, Yang J. Effect of CO2 exposure on free volumes in polystyrene studied by positron annihilation spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.21374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Ranganathaiah C, Kumaraswamy GN. New method of determining miscibility in binary polymer blends through hydrodynamic interaction: The free volume approach. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.29046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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23
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Shenogin S, Kant R, Colby RH, Kumar SK. Dynamics of Miscible Polymer Blends: Predicting the Dielectric Response. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma070503q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Shenogin
- Rensselaer Nanotechnology Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180; Department of Chemical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802; and Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027
| | - Rama Kant
- Rensselaer Nanotechnology Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180; Department of Chemical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802; and Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027
| | - Ralph H. Colby
- Rensselaer Nanotechnology Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180; Department of Chemical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802; and Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027
| | - Sanat K. Kumar
- Rensselaer Nanotechnology Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180; Department of Chemical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802; and Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027
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24
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Trotzig C, Abrahmsén-Alami S, Maurer FH. Structure and mobility in water plasticized poly(ethylene oxide). POLYMER 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Zhu Y, Wang B, Gong W, Kong L, Jia Q. Investigation of the Hydrogen-Bonding Structure and Miscibility for PU/EP IPN Nanocomposites by PALS. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0621066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchan Zhu
- Department of Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China, and School of Material Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China, and School of Material Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Department of Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China, and School of Material Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Lingmei Kong
- Department of Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China, and School of Material Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Qingming Jia
- Department of Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China, and School of Material Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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26
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Kumaraswamy G, Ranganathaiah C, Urs MD, Ravikumar H. Miscibility and phase separation in SAN/PMMA blends investigated by positron lifetime measurements. Eur Polym J 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2006.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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27
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Lin CL, Chen WC, Kuo SW, Chang FC. Sequence distribution affect the phase behavior and hydrogen bonding strength in blends of poly(vinylphenol-co-methyl methacrylate) with poly(ethylene oxide). POLYMER 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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28
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Gong W, Mai Y, Zhou Y, Qi N, Wang B, Yan D. Effect of the Degree of Branching on Atomic-Scale Free Volume in Hyperbranched Poly[3-ethyl-3-(hydroxymethyl)oxetane]. A Positron Study. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma051026j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gong
- Department of Physics, Wuhan University, 430072, China, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yiyong Mai
- Department of Physics, Wuhan University, 430072, China, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yongfeng Zhou
- Department of Physics, Wuhan University, 430072, China, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ning Qi
- Department of Physics, Wuhan University, 430072, China, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Physics, Wuhan University, 430072, China, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Deyue Yan
- Department of Physics, Wuhan University, 430072, China, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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29
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Haley JC, Lodge TP. Dynamics of a poly(ethylene oxide) tracer in a poly(methyl methacrylate) matrix: Remarkable decoupling of local and global motions. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:234914. [PMID: 16008494 DOI: 10.1063/1.1931656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The tracer diffusion coefficient of unentangled poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO, M=1000 gmol) in a matrix of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA, M=10 000 gmol) has been measured over a temperature range from 125 to 220 degrees C with forced Rayleigh scattering. The dynamic viscosities of blends of two different high molecular weight PEO tracers (M=440 000 and 900 000 gmol) in the same PMMA matrix were also measured at temperatures ranging from 160 to 220 degrees C; failure of time-temperature superposition was observed for these systems. The monomeric friction factors for the PEO tracers were extracted from the diffusion coefficients and the rheological relaxation times using the Rouse model. The friction factors determined by diffusion and rheology were in good agreement, even though the molecular weights of the tracers differed by about three orders of magnitude. The PEO monomeric friction factors were compared with literature data for PEO segmental relaxation times measured directly with NMR. The monomeric friction factors of the PEO tracer in the PMMA matrix were found to be from two to six orders of magnitude greater than anticipated based on direct measurements of segmental dynamics. Additionally, the PEO tracer terminal dynamics are a much stronger function of temperature than the corresponding PEO segmental dynamics. These results indicate that the fastest PEO Rouse mode, inferred from diffusion and rheology, is completely separated from the bond reorientation of PEO detected by NMR. This result is unlike other blend systems in which global and local motions have been compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C Haley
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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30
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Corea M, Lo´pez-Castan˜ares R, Brunner PL, Va´zquez F, Olivares M. Synthesis of Ethyl Acrylate-Methyl Acrylate Copolymers via Emulsion Polymerization. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2005. [DOI: 10.1080/00914030390249637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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31
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Ravikumar H, Ranganathaiah C, Kumaraswamy G, Thomas S. Positron annihilation and differential scanning calorimetric study of poly(trimethylene terephthalate)/EPDM blends. POLYMER 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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32
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Wang Z, Wang B, Qi N, Zhang H, Zhang L. Influence of fillers on free volume and gas barrier properties in styrene-butadiene rubber studied by positrons. POLYMER 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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33
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Wang YQ, Wu YP, Zhang HF, Zhang LQ, Wang B, Wang ZF. Free Volume of Montmorillonite/Styrene-Butadiene Rubber Nanocomposites Estimated by Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy. Macromol Rapid Commun 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200400380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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34
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Kuo SW, Huang WJ, Huang CF, Chan SC, Chang FC. Miscibility, Specific Interactions, and Spherulite Growth Rates of Binary Poly(acetoxystyrene)/Poly(ethylene oxide) Blends. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma035417e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiao-Wei Kuo
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin Chu, Taiwan, and Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Ping-Tung University of Science and Technology, Ping-Tun, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Jang Huang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin Chu, Taiwan, and Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Ping-Tung University of Science and Technology, Ping-Tun, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Feng Huang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin Chu, Taiwan, and Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Ping-Tung University of Science and Technology, Ping-Tun, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chi Chan
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin Chu, Taiwan, and Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Ping-Tung University of Science and Technology, Ping-Tun, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Chih Chang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin Chu, Taiwan, and Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Ping-Tung University of Science and Technology, Ping-Tun, Taiwan
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35
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Slobodian P, Lengálová A, Sáha P. Volume Relaxation Rate in a-PMMA and a-PMMA/PEO Amorphous Blends. Polym J 2004. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.36.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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36
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Cao H, Lin G, Jones AA. Anomalous penetrant diffusion as a probe of the local structure in a blend of poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(methyl methacrylate). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.10781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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37
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Vannikov AV, Vernel J, Mal'Tsev EI, Savel'Ev VV, Rychwalski RW. Relationship between surface potential and second harmonic generation in chromophore-doped poly(ethylene oxide)/atactic-poly(methyl methacrylate) blends. POLYM ENG SCI 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.11412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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38
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Lutz TR, He Y, Ediger MD, Cao H, Lin G, Jones AA. Rapid Poly(ethylene oxide) Segmental Dynamics in Blends with Poly(methyl methacrylate). Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma021634o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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39
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Marzocca A, Somoza A, Goyanes S, Salgueiro W, König P. Characterization of free volume in particulate-filled epoxy resin by means of dynamic mechanical analysis and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. POLYM INT 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.1017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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40
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Wang B, Wang ZF, Zhang M, Liu WH, Wang SJ. Effect of Temperature on the Free Volume in Glassy Poly(ethylene terephthalate). Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0120963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Wang
- Department of Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Z. F. Wang
- Department of Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - M. Zhang
- Department of Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - W. H. Liu
- Department of Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - S. J. Wang
- Department of Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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41
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42
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Marzocca AJ, Cerveny S, Salgueiro W, Somoza A, Gonzalez L. Characterization of free volume during vulcanization of styrene butadiene rubber by means of positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy and dynamic mechanical test. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2002; 65:021801. [PMID: 11863549 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.65.021801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2000] [Revised: 05/23/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
An experimental investigation was performed to study the effect on the free volume of the advance of the cross-linking reaction in a copolymer of styrene butadiene rubber by sulfur vulcanization. The dynamic modulus and loss tangent were evaluated over samples cured for different times at 433 K by dynamic mechanical tests over a range of frequencies between 5 and 80 Hz at temperatures between 200 and 300 K. Using the William-Landel-Ferry relationship, master curves were obtained at a reference temperature of 298 K and the coefficients c(0)(1) and c(0)(2) were evaluated. From these parameters the dependence of the free volume on the cure time is obtained. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy was also used to estimate the size and number density of free volume sites in the material. The spectra were analyzed in terms of continuous distributions of free volume size. The results suggest an increase of the lower free volume size when cross linking takes place. Both techniques give similar results for the dependence of free volume on the time of cure of the polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Marzocca
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento Física, Laboratorio de Propiertades Mecanicas de Polimeros y Materiales Compuestos, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellon 1, Buenos Aires (1428), Argentina
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43
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Cowie JMG, McEwan I, McEwen IJ, Pethrick RA. Investigation of Hydrogen-Bonding Structure in Blends of Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) with Poly(vinyl acetate-co-vinyl alcohol) Using Positron Annihilation. Macromolecules 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ma001660r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. M. G. Cowie
- Department of Chemistry, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton Campus, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK, and Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK
| | - I. McEwan
- Department of Chemistry, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton Campus, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK, and Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK
| | - I. J. McEwen
- Department of Chemistry, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton Campus, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK, and Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK
| | - R. A. Pethrick
- Department of Chemistry, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton Campus, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK, and Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK
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44
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Effect of structure on second harmonic generation in molecularly doped poly(ethylene oxide)/ atactic -poly(methylmethacrylate) blends. POLYMER 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(00)00882-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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45
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46
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Consolati G, Quasso F. An experimental study of the occupied volume in polyethylene terephthalate. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1338980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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47
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Schmidt M, Olsson M, Maurer FHJ. Macroscopic pressure–volume–temperature properties versus free-volume characteristics of isotropic pressure-densified amorphous polymer glasses. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.481748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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48
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Fang J, Tanaka K, Kita H, Okamoto KI, Ito Y. Positron annihilation properties of copolyimides and copolyamides with microphase-separated structures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0488(20000501)38:9<1123::aid-polb3>3.0.co;2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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49
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Machado JC, Silva GG, Soares LS. Positron annihilation and differential scanning calorimetry investigations in poly(methylmethacrylate)/low molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide) polymer blends. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0488(20000415)38:8<1045::aid-polb5>3.0.co;2-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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50
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