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Prause A, Hechenbichler M, Schmidt RF, Prévost S, Cavalcanti LP, Laschewsky A, Gradzielski M. Modifying the Properties of Microemulsion Droplets by Addition of Thermoresponsive BAB* Copolymers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:2022-2035. [PMID: 36715565 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c03103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Oil-in-water (O/W) microemulsions (ME) typically feature a low viscosity and exhibit ordinary viscosity reduction as a function of temperature. However, for certain applications, avoiding or even reverting the temperature trend might be required. This can be conceived by adding thermoresponsive (TR) block copolymers that induce network formation as the temperature increases. Accordingly, various ME-polymer mixtures were studied for which three different block copolymer architectures of BAB*-, B2AB*-, and B(AB*)2-types were employed. Here, "B" represents a permanently hydrophobic, "A" a permanently hydrophilic, and "B*" a TR block. For the TR-block, three different poly(acrylamide)s, namely poly(N-n-propylacrylamide) (pNPAm), poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) (pDEAm), and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNiPAm), were used, which all exhibit a lower critical solution temperature. For a well-selected ME concentration, these block copolymers lead to a viscosity enhancement with increasing temperature. At a polymer concentration of about 22 g L-1, the most pronounced enhancement was observed for the pNPAm-based systems with factors up to 3, 5, and 8 for BAB*, B2AB*, and B(AB*)2, respectively. This phenomenon is caused by the formation of a transitory network mediated by TR-blocks, as evidenced by the direct correlation between the attraction strength and the viscosity enhancement. For applications requiring a high hydrophobic payload, which is attained via ME droplets, this kind of tailored temperature-dependent viscosity control of surfactant systems should therefore be advantageous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Prause
- FG Physical Chemistry/Molecular Material Science, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, Berlin10623, Germany
| | - Michelle Hechenbichler
- Department of Chemistry, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Potsdam14476, Germany
| | - Robert F Schmidt
- FG Physical Chemistry/Molecular Material Science, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, Berlin10623, Germany
| | - Sylvain Prévost
- Institut Laue-Langevin, DS/LSS, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 20 156, Grenoble Cedex 9F-38042, France
| | - Leide P Cavalcanti
- ISIS Facility, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, DidcotOX11 0QX, U.K
| | - André Laschewsky
- Department of Chemistry, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Potsdam14476, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute of Applied Polymer Research IAP, Geiselbergstraße 69, Potsdam14476, Germany
| | - Michael Gradzielski
- FG Physical Chemistry/Molecular Material Science, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, Berlin10623, Germany
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Gradzielski M, Duvail M, de Molina PM, Simon M, Talmon Y, Zemb T. Using Microemulsions: Formulation Based on Knowledge of Their Mesostructure. Chem Rev 2021; 121:5671-5740. [PMID: 33955731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Microemulsions, as thermodynamically stable mixtures of oil, water, and surfactant, are known and have been studied for more than 70 years. However, even today there are still quite a number of unclear aspects, and more recent research work has modified and extended our picture. This review gives a short overview of how the understanding of microemulsions has developed, the current view on their properties and structural features, and in particular, how they are related to applications. We also discuss more recent developments regarding nonclassical microemulsions such as surfactant-free (ultraflexible) microemulsions or ones containing uncommon solvents or amphiphiles (like antagonistic salts). These new findings challenge to some extent our previous understanding of microemulsions, which therefore has to be extended to look at the different types of microemulsions in a unified way. In particular, the flexibility of the amphiphilic film is the key property to classify different microemulsion types and their properties in this review. Such a classification of microemulsions requires a thorough determination of their structural properties, and therefore, the experimental methods to determine microemulsion structure and dynamics are reviewed briefly, with a particular emphasis on recent developments in the field of direct imaging by means of electron microscopy. Based on this classification of microemulsions, we then discuss their applications, where the application demands have to be met by the properties of the microemulsion, which in turn are controlled by the flexibility of their amphiphilic interface. Another frequently important aspect for applications is the control of the rheological properties. Normally, microemulsions are low viscous and therefore enhancing viscosity has to be achieved by either having high concentrations (often not wished for) or additives, which do not significantly interfere with the microemulsion. Accordingly, this review gives a comprehensive account of the properties of microemulsions, including most recent developments and bringing them together from a united viewpoint, with an emphasis on how this affects the way of formulating microemulsions for a given application with desired properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gradzielski
- Stranski-Laboratorium für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Magali Duvail
- ICSM, Université Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, 30207 Marcoule, France
| | - Paula Malo de Molina
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM) (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-Materials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain.,IKERBASQUE - Basque Foundation for Science, María Díaz de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Miriam Simon
- Stranski-Laboratorium für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany.,Department of Chemical Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnolgy Inst. (RBNI), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, IL-3200003, Israel
| | - Yeshayahu Talmon
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnolgy Inst. (RBNI), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, IL-3200003, Israel
| | - Thomas Zemb
- Stranski-Laboratorium für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany.,ICSM, Université Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, 30207 Marcoule, France
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Matmour R, Gnanou Y. Synthesis of complex polymeric architectures using multilithiated carbanionic initiators—Comparison with other approaches. Prog Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Saetung N, Campistron I, Pascual S, Pilard JF, Fontaine L. One-Pot Synthesis of Natural Rubber-Based Telechelic cis-1,4-Polyisoprenes and Their Use To Prepare Block Copolymers by RAFT Polymerization. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma102406w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nitinart Saetung
- LCOM-Chimie des Polymères, UCO2M, UMR CNRS 6011, Université du Maine, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 09, France
| | - Irène Campistron
- LCOM-Chimie des Polymères, UCO2M, UMR CNRS 6011, Université du Maine, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 09, France
| | - Sagrario Pascual
- LCOM-Chimie des Polymères, UCO2M, UMR CNRS 6011, Université du Maine, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 09, France
| | - Jean-François Pilard
- LCOM-Chimie des Polymères, UCO2M, UMR CNRS 6011, Université du Maine, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 09, France
| | - Laurent Fontaine
- LCOM-Chimie des Polymères, UCO2M, UMR CNRS 6011, Université du Maine, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 09, France
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Myakonkaya O, Eastoe J. Low energy methods of phase separation in colloidal dispersions and microemulsions. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2009; 149:39-46. [PMID: 19371853 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2009.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2009] [Revised: 03/31/2009] [Accepted: 03/31/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The majority of work on phase separation of colloidal systems has been concerned with the energy intensive approaches such as ultracentrifugation, solvent evaporation, changes of temperature and pressure etc. However, in modern nanotechnology it is desirable to minimize environmental impact in order to achieve separation and recovery of colloidal products. In this review recent research on phase separation methods, requiring relatively lower energy consumption are summarized. These include polymer-, solvent- and photo-induced approaches to phase separation.
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One-stage Preparation of PSt/PNVP Core/Shell Nanoparticles via Interfacial-initiated Microemulsion Copolymerization. Polym Bull (Berl) 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-008-0923-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Hong L, Zhu F, Li J, Ngai T, Xie Z, Wu C. Folding of Long Multiblock Copolymer (PI-b-PS-b-PI)n Chains Prepared by the Self-Assembly Assisted Polypolymerization (SAAP) in Cyclohexane. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma702079j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liangzhi Hong
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong, Institute of Polymer Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, China, and The Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Fangming Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong, Institute of Polymer Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, China, and The Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Junfang Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong, Institute of Polymer Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, China, and The Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - To Ngai
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong, Institute of Polymer Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, China, and The Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Zuowei Xie
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong, Institute of Polymer Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, China, and The Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Chi Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong, Institute of Polymer Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, China, and The Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
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Blochowicz T, Gögelein C, Spehr T, Müller M, Stühn B. Polymer-induced transient networks in water-in-oil microemulsions studied by small-angle x-ray and dynamic light scattering. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2007; 76:041505. [PMID: 17994992 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.76.041505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We study water-in-oil microemulsions, in particular dispersions of water droplets coated with a monolayer of the anionic surfactant AOT in a continuous phase of n -decane. Upon addition of the amphiphilic triblock copolymer PEO(polyethylenoxide)-PI(polyisoprene)-PEO, a transient network is formed. At constant droplet size we vary the polymer concentration and there is clear evidence for an increasing crosslinking of the droplets from structural investigations with small-angle x-ray scattering. The dynamics of concentration fluctuations consisting of the translational diffusion of the droplets and the relaxation of the network are monitored with photon correlation spectroscopy. We mainly focus on the variation of the dynamic behavior as a function of the number of polymer molecules per droplet and the droplet volume fraction, which may be taken as a measure for the interdroplet distance. With increasing polymer content the dynamics of the system slows down and three different relaxation processes may be distinguished. We discuss the origin of the different relaxation modes. In particular, it turns out that the intermediate relaxation mode may be suppressed by index matching the oil matrix and the PI block and that it is effectively slowed down by an additional loading of the emulsion droplets with polyethylene glycol of increasing molecular weight.
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Lutter S, Tiersch B, Koetz J, Boschetti-de-Fierro A, Abetz V. Covalently closed microemulsions in presence of triblock terpolymers. J Colloid Interface Sci 2007; 311:447-55. [PMID: 17448486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2007.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2006] [Revised: 02/20/2007] [Accepted: 03/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This paper is focused on the influence of polystyrene (PS)-poly(1,4-butadiene) (PB)-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) triblock terpolymers on the w/o microemulsion of the pseudo-ternary system water/sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS)/xylene-pentanol. Despite the insolubility of the copolymer in water as well as in the xylene-pentanol mixture, it can be incorporated into the w/o microemulsion and interactions between the triblock terpolymer molecules and the anionic surfactant headgroups can be detected by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements. Furthermore, dynamic light scattering measurements were used to determine the aggregate diameter of the modified microemulsions. For lower polymer concentrations large aggregates between 100 and 500 nm can be observed. Surprisingly, at a higher terpolymer concentration of 5 wt%, significant smaller aggregate diameters can be identified by dynamic light scattering and Cryo-SEM. One can conclude that the copolymers are incorporated in the inverse microemulsion droplets, where the PB blocks cover the water droplets. The thermally induced radical cross-linking of the butadiene units in the presence of azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) leads then to covalently closed nanocapsules with an average size of 10 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Lutter
- Universität Potsdam, Institut für Chemie, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, Haus 25, 14476 Potsdam (Golm), Germany
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Mutch KJ, van Duijneveldt JS, Eastoe J. Colloid-polymer mixtures in the protein limit. SOFT MATTER 2007; 3:155-167. [PMID: 32680259 DOI: 10.1039/b611137h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses the structure and phase behaviour of mixtures of colloidal particles and non-adsorbing polymers in the protein limit of large polymers and small colloids. The vast majority of work on colloid-polymer mixtures has been concerned with the colloid limit of large colloidal particles and small polymer chains. In this regime, the diameter of the colloidal particles, , is larger than the characteristic size of the polymer-taken as twice their radius of gyration, . The opposite limit, of size ratios , is called the protein limit due to the common practice of adding polymer to protein solutions in order to aid protein crystallisation. Theoretical predictions for systems in the protein limit are considered briefly and then the main focus is on recent experimental studies of mixtures in the protein limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Mutch
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, UKBS8 1TS.
| | | | - Julian Eastoe
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, UKBS8 1TS.
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Alonzo J, Huang Z, Liu M, Mays JW, Toomey RG, Dadmun MD, Kilbey SM. Looped Polymer Brushes Formed by Self-Assembly of Poly(2-vinylpyridine)−Polystyrene−Poly(2-vinylpyridine) Triblock Copolymers at the Solid−Fluid Interface. Kinetics of Preferential Adsorption. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma061094l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Alonzo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634; Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996; Chemical Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831; and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620
| | - Zhenyu Huang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634; Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996; Chemical Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831; and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634; Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996; Chemical Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831; and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620
| | - Jimmy W. Mays
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634; Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996; Chemical Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831; and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620
| | - Ryan G. Toomey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634; Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996; Chemical Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831; and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620
| | - Mark D. Dadmun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634; Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996; Chemical Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831; and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620
| | - S. Michael Kilbey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634; Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996; Chemical Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831; and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620
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Verso FL, Likos CN, Mayer C, Löwen H. Collapse of telechelic star polymers to watermelon structures. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 96:187802. [PMID: 16712398 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.187802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2006] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Conformational properties of star-shaped polymer aggregates that carry attractive end groups, called telechelic star polymers, are investigated by simulation and analytical variational theory. We focus on the case of low telechelic star polymer functionalities, f < or = 5, a condition which allows aggregation of all attractive monomers on one site. We establish the functionality- and polymerization-number dependence of the transition temperature from the "star burst" to the "watermelon" macroparticle structure. Extensions to telechelic stars featuring partially collapsed configurations are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Lo Verso
- Institut für Theoretische Physik II, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Lynch I, Piculell L. Effect of Hydrophilically Modified Graft Polystyrene on AOT Oil-Continuous Microemulsions: Viscosifying Effects of P(S-g-PEO) as a Function of Graft Chain Length and Graft Density. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp047509r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iseult Lynch
- Physical Chemistry 1, Lund University, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lennart Piculell
- Physical Chemistry 1, Lund University, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
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Lynch I, Piculell L. Size, Concentration, and Solvency Effects on the Viscosifying Behavior of PEO−PS−PEO Triblock Copolymers in AOT Oil-Continuous Microemulsions. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp049147t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iseult Lynch
- Physical Chemistry 1, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lennart Piculell
- Physical Chemistry 1, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
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Holmberg A, Piculell L, Nydén M. Effects of an Amphiphilic Graft Copolymer on an Oil-Continuous Microemulsion. Molecular Self-Diffusion and Viscosity. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0139235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Holmberg
- Physical Chemistry 1, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Lund, P.O. Box 124, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lennart Piculell
- Physical Chemistry 1, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Lund, P.O. Box 124, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Nydén
- Physical Chemistry 1, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Lund, P.O. Box 124, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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Holmberg A, Hansson P, Piculell L, Linse P. Effects of an Amphiphilic Graft Copolymer on an Oil−Continuous Microemulsion. Viscosity, Droplet Size, and Phase Behavior. J Phys Chem B 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp991782p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Holmberg
- Physical Chemistry 1, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Lund, P.O. Box 124, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Hansson
- Physical Chemistry 1, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Lund, P.O. Box 124, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lennart Piculell
- Physical Chemistry 1, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Lund, P.O. Box 124, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Linse
- Physical Chemistry 1, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Lund, P.O. Box 124, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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