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Deiana L, Avella A, Rafi AA, Mincheva R, De Winter J, Lo Re G, Córdova A. In Situ Enzymatic Polymerization of Ethylene Brassylate Mediated by Artificial Plant Cell Walls in Reactive Extrusion. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2024; 6:10414-10422. [PMID: 39296488 PMCID: PMC11406489 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.4c01568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a solvent-free bioinspired approach for the polymerization of ethylene brassylate. Artificial plant cell walls (APCWs) with an integrated enzyme were fabricated by self-assembly, using microcrystalline cellulose as the main structural component. The resulting APCW catalysts were tested in bulk reactions and reactive extrusion, leading to high monomer conversion and a molar mass of around 4 kDa. In addition, we discovered that APCW catalyzes the formation of large ethylene brassylate macrocycles. The enzymatic stability and efficiency of the APCW were investigated by recycling the catalyst both in bulk and reactive extrusion. The obtained poly(ethylene brassylate) was applied as a biobased and biodegradable hydrophobic paper coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Deiana
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Holmgatan 10, Sundsvall 85179, Sweden
| | - Angelica Avella
- Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Rännvägen 2a, Gothenburg 41258, Sweden
| | - Abdolrahim A Rafi
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Holmgatan 10, Sundsvall 85179, Sweden
| | - Rosica Mincheva
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials, University of Mons (UMONS), 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Julien De Winter
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (S2MOs), University of Mons (UMONS), 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Giada Lo Re
- Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Rännvägen 2a, Gothenburg 41258, Sweden
| | - Armando Córdova
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Holmgatan 10, Sundsvall 85179, Sweden
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Yang J, Liu Y, Liang X, Yang Y, Li Q. Enantio-, Regio-, and Chemoselective Lipase-Catalyzed Polymer Synthesis. Macromol Biosci 2018; 18:e1800131. [PMID: 29870576 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201800131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to chemical routes, enzymatic polymerization possesses favorable characteristics of mild reaction conditions, few by-products, and high activity toward cyclic lactones which make it a promising technique for constructing polymeric materials. Meanwhile, it can avoid the trace residue of metallic catalysts and potential toxicity, and thus exhibits great potential in the biomedical fields. More importantly, lipase-catalyzed polymer synthesis usually shows favorable enantio-, regio-, and chemoselectivity. Here, the history and recent developments in lipase-catalyzed selective polymerization for constructing polymers with unique structures and properties are highlighted. In particular, the synthesis of polymeric materials which are difficult to prepare in a chemical route and the construction of polymers through the combination of selective enzymatic and chemical methods are focused. In addition, the future direction is proposed especially based on the rapid developments in computational chemistry and protein engineering techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiebing Yang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Quanshun Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Changchun, 130012, China
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Shoda SI, Uyama H, Kadokawa JI, Kimura S, Kobayashi S. Enzymes as Green Catalysts for Precision Macromolecular Synthesis. Chem Rev 2016; 116:2307-413. [PMID: 26791937 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present article comprehensively reviews the macromolecular synthesis using enzymes as catalysts. Among the six main classes of enzymes, the three classes, oxidoreductases, transferases, and hydrolases, have been employed as catalysts for the in vitro macromolecular synthesis and modification reactions. Appropriate design of reaction including monomer and enzyme catalyst produces macromolecules with precisely controlled structure, similarly as in vivo enzymatic reactions. The reaction controls the product structure with respect to substrate selectivity, chemo-selectivity, regio-selectivity, stereoselectivity, and choro-selectivity. Oxidoreductases catalyze various oxidation polymerizations of aromatic compounds as well as vinyl polymerizations. Transferases are effective catalysts for producing polysaccharide having a variety of structure and polyesters. Hydrolases catalyzing the bond-cleaving of macromolecules in vivo, catalyze the reverse reaction for bond forming in vitro to give various polysaccharides and functionalized polyesters. The enzymatic polymerizations allowed the first in vitro synthesis of natural polysaccharides having complicated structures like cellulose, amylose, xylan, chitin, hyaluronan, and chondroitin. These polymerizations are "green" with several respects; nontoxicity of enzyme, high catalyst efficiency, selective reactions under mild conditions using green solvents and renewable starting materials, and producing minimal byproducts. Thus, the enzymatic polymerization is desirable for the environment and contributes to "green polymer chemistry" for maintaining sustainable society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichiro Shoda
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University , Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Uyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University , Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Kadokawa
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University , Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Shunsaku Kimura
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University , Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shiro Kobayashi
- Center for Fiber & Textile Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology , Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
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Richard G, Nott K, Nicks F, Paquot M, Blecker C, Fauconnier ML. Use of lipases for the kinetic resolution of lactic acid esters in heptane or in a solvent free system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Koehler J, Marquardt F, Keul H, Moeller M. Phosphonoethylated Polyglycidols: A Platform for Tunable Enzymatic Grafting Density. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma400255n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Koehler
- Institute
of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University and Interactive Materials Research
- DWI at RWTH Aachen e.V., Forckenbeckstr. 50, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Marquardt
- Institute
of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University and Interactive Materials Research
- DWI at RWTH Aachen e.V., Forckenbeckstr. 50, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Helmut Keul
- Institute
of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University and Interactive Materials Research
- DWI at RWTH Aachen e.V., Forckenbeckstr. 50, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Moeller
- Institute
of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University and Interactive Materials Research
- DWI at RWTH Aachen e.V., Forckenbeckstr. 50, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
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Miao Y, Phuphuak Y, Rousseau C, Bousquet T, Mortreux A, Chirachanchai S, Zinck P. Ring-opening polymerization of lactones using binaphthyl-diyl hydrogen phosphate as organocatalyst and resulting monosaccharide functionalization of polylactones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Dong FX, Zhang L, Tong XZ, Chen HB, Wang XL, Wang YZ. Ionic liquid coated lipase: Green synthesis of high molecular weight poly(1,4-dioxan-2-one). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2012.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Sobczak M. Enzyme-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters in the presence of poly(ethylene glycol). J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Access to new carbohydrate-functionalized polylactides via organocatalyzed ring-opening polymerization. POLYMER 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Biocatalytic synthesis of new copolymers from 3-hydroxybutyric acid and a carbohydrate lactone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2011.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Domínguez de María P. Minimal Hydrolases: Organocatalytic Ring-Opening Polymerizations Catalyzed by Naturally Occurring Carboxylic Acids. ChemCatChem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201000030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Kobayashi S, Makino A. Enzymatic polymer synthesis: an opportunity for green polymer chemistry. Chem Rev 2010; 109:5288-353. [PMID: 19824647 DOI: 10.1021/cr900165z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 409] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Kobayashi
- R & D Center for Bio-based Materials, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
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Abstract
Polycaprolactone (PCL) is an important polymer due to its mechanical properties, miscibility with a large range of other polymers and biodegradability. Two main pathways to produce polycaprolactone have been described in the literature: the polycondensation of a hydroxycarboxylic acid: 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid, and the ring-opening polymerisation (ROP) of a lactone: epsilon-caprolactone (epsilon-CL). This critical review summarises the different conditions which have been described to synthesise PCL, and gives a broad overview of the different catalytic systems that were used (enzymatic, organic and metal catalyst systems). A surprising variety of catalytic systems have been studied, touching on virtually every section of the periodic table. A detailed list of reaction conditions and catalysts/initiators is given and reaction mechanisms are presented where known. Emphasis is put on the ROP pathway due to its prevalence in the literature and the superior polymer that is obtained. In addition, ineffective systems that have been tried to catalyse the production of PCL are included in the electronic supplementary information for completeness (141 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Labet
- Driving Innovation in Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry-Faculty of Science, The University of Nottingham, University Park, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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Barrera-Rivera KA, Martínez-Richa A. One-Pot Biocatalytic Synthesis of Sugar Based Poly (ε-caprolactone). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.200950919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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16
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Puskas JE, Sen MY, Seo KS. Green polymer chemistry using nature's catalysts, enzymes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Kobayashi S. Recent Developments in Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Polyesters. Macromol Rapid Commun 2009; 30:237-66. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200800690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2008] [Accepted: 11/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Tang M, Haider AF, Minelli C, Stevens MM, Williams CK. Lactide polymerization co-initiated by carbohydrate esters and pyranoses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Padovani M, Hilker I, Duxbury CJ, Heise A. Functionalization of Polymers with High Precision by Dual Regio- and Stereoselective Enzymatic Reactions. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma702471f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Iris Hilker
- DSM Research B.V., P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Andreas Heise
- DSM Research B.V., P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
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20
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Geus MD, Peters R, Koning CE, Heise A. Insights into the Initiation Process of Enzymatic Ring-Opening Polymerization from Monofunctional Alcohols Using Liquid Chromatography under Critical Conditions. Biomacromolecules 2008; 9:752-7. [DOI: 10.1021/bm701158y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthijs de Geus
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech 2, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and DSM Research, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Ron Peters
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech 2, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and DSM Research, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Cor E. Koning
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech 2, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and DSM Research, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Heise
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech 2, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and DSM Research, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
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Marzorati M, Hult K, Riva S, Danieli B. Incorporation of Primary Amines into a Polyester Chain by a Combination of Chemical and Lipase-Catalyzed ɛ-Caprolactone Ring-Opening Processes. Adv Synth Catal 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200600642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Romero Zaliz CL, Varela O. Facile synthesis of a d-galactono-1,6-lactone derivative, a precursor of a copolyester. Carbohydr Res 2006; 341:2973-7. [PMID: 17097075 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2006.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2006] [Revised: 10/10/2006] [Accepted: 10/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-methyl-d-galactonic acid (5) was readily prepared from d-galactono-1,4-lactone (1) in 47% yield. The sequence involves tritylation of HO-6 of 1, followed by O-permethylation and deprotection. Lactonization of 5 led to the per-O-methyl-d-galactono-1,6-lactone, which was copolymerized with epsilon-caprolactone by ring-opening polymerization catalyzed by scandium triflate. The incorporation of the sugar comonomer into the polyester chain was about 10%.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lorena Romero Zaliz
- CIHIDECAR-CONICET, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pabellón II, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428-Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Thurecht KJ, Heise A, deGeus M, Villarroya S, Zhou J, Wyatt MF, Howdle SM. Kinetics of Enzymatic Ring-Opening Polymerization of ε-Caprolactone in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma061310q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristofer J. Thurecht
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; Department of Polymer Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; and EPSRC National Mass Spectrometry Service Centre, University of Wales Swansea, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Andreas Heise
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; Department of Polymer Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; and EPSRC National Mass Spectrometry Service Centre, University of Wales Swansea, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Matthijs deGeus
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; Department of Polymer Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; and EPSRC National Mass Spectrometry Service Centre, University of Wales Swansea, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Silvia Villarroya
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; Department of Polymer Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; and EPSRC National Mass Spectrometry Service Centre, University of Wales Swansea, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Jiaxiang Zhou
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; Department of Polymer Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; and EPSRC National Mass Spectrometry Service Centre, University of Wales Swansea, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Mark F. Wyatt
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; Department of Polymer Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; and EPSRC National Mass Spectrometry Service Centre, University of Wales Swansea, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Steven M. Howdle
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; Department of Polymer Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; and EPSRC National Mass Spectrometry Service Centre, University of Wales Swansea, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
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Zhou J, Villarroya S, Wang W, Wyatt MF, Duxbury CJ, Thurecht KJ, Howdle SM. One-Step Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Poly(ε-caprolactone-block-methyl methacrylate) in Supercritical CO2. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma060046y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxiang Zhou
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom, and EPSRC National Mass Spectrometry Service Centre, University of Wales Swansea, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Silvia Villarroya
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom, and EPSRC National Mass Spectrometry Service Centre, University of Wales Swansea, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Wenxin Wang
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom, and EPSRC National Mass Spectrometry Service Centre, University of Wales Swansea, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Mark F. Wyatt
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom, and EPSRC National Mass Spectrometry Service Centre, University of Wales Swansea, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Christopher J. Duxbury
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom, and EPSRC National Mass Spectrometry Service Centre, University of Wales Swansea, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Kristofer J. Thurecht
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom, and EPSRC National Mass Spectrometry Service Centre, University of Wales Swansea, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Steven M. Howdle
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom, and EPSRC National Mass Spectrometry Service Centre, University of Wales Swansea, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
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Persson PV, Casas J, Iversen T, Córdova A. Direct Organocatalytic Chemoselective Synthesis of a Dendrimer-like Star Polyester. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0521710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Per Valdemar Persson
- STFI-Packforsk AB, P.O. Box 5604, SE-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden, and Department of Organic Chemistry, The Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesús Casas
- STFI-Packforsk AB, P.O. Box 5604, SE-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden, and Department of Organic Chemistry, The Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tommy Iversen
- STFI-Packforsk AB, P.O. Box 5604, SE-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden, and Department of Organic Chemistry, The Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Armando Córdova
- STFI-Packforsk AB, P.O. Box 5604, SE-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden, and Department of Organic Chemistry, The Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Srivastava RK, Albertsson AC. Enzyme-Catalyzed Ring-Opening Polymerization of Seven-Membered Ring Lactones Leading to Terminal-Functionalized and Triblock Polyesters. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0518508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv K. Srivastava
- Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Ann-Christine Albertsson
- Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-100 44, Sweden
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Hafrén J, Córdova A. Direct Organocatalytic Polymerization from Cellulose Fibers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200400470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gustavsson MT, Persson PV, Iversen T, Martinelle M, Hult K, Teeri TT, Brumer H. Modification of Cellulose Fiber Surfaces by Use of a Lipase and a Xyloglucan Endotransglycosylase. Biomacromolecules 2004; 6:196-203. [PMID: 15638521 DOI: 10.1021/bm049588i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A strategy for the modification of cellulose fiber surfaces was developed that used the ability of Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) to acylate carbohydrates with high regioselectivity, combined with the transglycosylating activity of the Populus tremula x P. tremuloides xyloglucan endotransglycosylase 16A (PttXET16A). Xyloglucan oligosaccharides (XGOs) prepared from tamarind xyloglucan were acylated with CALB as a catalyst and vinyl stearate or gamma-thiobutyrolactone as acyl donors to produce carbohydrate molecules with hydrophobic alkyl chains or reactive sulfhydryl groups, respectively. The modified XGOs were shown to act as glycosyl acceptors in the transglycosylation reaction catalyzed by PttXET16A and could therefore be incorporated into high M(r) xyloglucan chains. The resulting xyloglucan molecules exhibited a high affinity for cellulose surfaces, which enabled the essentially irreversible introduction of fatty acid esters or thiol groups to cellulose fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin T Gustavsson
- Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Biotechnology, AlbaNova University Centre, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Fujioka M, Okada H, Kusaka Y, Nishiyama S, Noguchi H, Ishii S, Yoshida Y. Enzymatic Synthesis of Chitin- and Chitosan-graft-Aliphatic Polyesters. Macromol Rapid Commun 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200400288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Persson PV, Schröder J, Wickholm K, Hedenström E, Iversen T. Selective Organocatalytic Ring-Opening Polymerization: A Versatile Route to Carbohydrate-Functionalized Poly(ε-caprolactones). Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma049562j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Per Valdemar Persson
- STFI, Swedish Pulp and Paper Research Institute, Box 5604, SE-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden, and Chemistry, Department of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Mid Sweden University, SE-851 70 Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Jessica Schröder
- STFI, Swedish Pulp and Paper Research Institute, Box 5604, SE-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden, and Chemistry, Department of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Mid Sweden University, SE-851 70 Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Kristina Wickholm
- STFI, Swedish Pulp and Paper Research Institute, Box 5604, SE-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden, and Chemistry, Department of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Mid Sweden University, SE-851 70 Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Erik Hedenström
- STFI, Swedish Pulp and Paper Research Institute, Box 5604, SE-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden, and Chemistry, Department of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Mid Sweden University, SE-851 70 Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Tommy Iversen
- STFI, Swedish Pulp and Paper Research Institute, Box 5604, SE-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden, and Chemistry, Department of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Mid Sweden University, SE-851 70 Sundsvall, Sweden
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32
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Kalra B, Kumar A, Gross RA, Baiardo M, Scandola M. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of New Brush Copolymers Comprising Poly(ω-pentadecalactone) with Unusual Thermal and Crystalline Properties. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma035083t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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33
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Sivalingam G, Madras G. Modeling of Lipase Catalyzed Ring-Opening Polymerization of ε-Caprolactone. Biomacromolecules 2003; 5:603-9. [PMID: 15003027 DOI: 10.1021/bm0344405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic ring-opening polymerization of epsilon-caprolactone by various lipases was investigated in toluene at various temperatures. The determination of molecular weight and structural identification was carried out with gel permeation chromatography and proton NMR, respectively. Among the various lipases employed, an immobilized lipase from Candida antartica B (Novozym 435) showed the highest catalytic activity. The polymerization of epsilon-caprolactone by Novozym 435 showed an optimal temperature of 65 degrees C and an optimum toluene content of 50/50 v/v of toluene and epsilon-caprolactone. As lipases can degrade polyesters, a maximum in the molecular weight with time was obtained due to the competition of ring opening polymerization and degradation by specific chain end scission. The optimum temperature, toluene content, and the variation of molecular weight with time are consistent with earlier observations. A comprehensive model based on continuous distribution kinetics was developed to model these phenomena. The model accounts for simultaneous polymerization, degradation and enzyme deactivation and provides a technique to determine the rate coefficients for these processes. The dependence of these rate coefficients with temperature and monomer concentration is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sivalingam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12, India
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34
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Panova AA, Kaplan DL. Mechanistic limitations in the synthesis of polyesters by lipase-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization. Biotechnol Bioeng 2003; 84:103-13. [PMID: 12910549 DOI: 10.1002/bit.10754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Lipase-catalyzed polymerization of caprolactone (CL) in toluene with methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol) (MPEG) and water as initiators was characterized in detail for mechanistic insight. (1)H NMR analysis of polycaprolactone chains (PCL), dicaprolactone, degree of esterification of MPEG, and fractions of PCL chains initiated by MPEG and water were used to follow the reactions. The data were analyzed with the kinetic scheme involving formation of the acylenzyme and its consequent reaction with MPEG, water, or PCL to yield the MPEG- or water-initiated PCL chains, or increase in PCL length. A limit for MPEG initiator esterification in lipase-catalyzed CL polymerization was observed and was explained by preferential reaction of PCL propagation over MPEG esterification at long reaction times and low MPEG concentrations. Slower monomer conversion in concentrated monomer solutions was explained by decreased partitioning of PCL between the solvent and the enzyme. This effect resulted in inhibition of the lipase by the reaction product, PCL chains, and/or insufficient diffusion of monomer to the enzyme active site. High monomer/initiators ratio in these solutions did not yield longer polymer chains due to decreased monomer conversion and the corresponding decrease in product yields; lower yields were also observed for chain initiation by MPEG and water. A shift in the reaction rate-limiting step from formation of acylenzyme in dilute CL solutions to its deacylation in concentrated CL solutions yielded higher PCL polydispersity due to increased initiation by water. Enhanced intramolecular cyclization was also observed. Endgroup composition of PCL chains was influenced by the concentration of monomer, ratio of initiators (MPEG and water), and reaction time, yielding PCL chains initiated exclusively by MPEG at "infinite reaction times."
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Panova
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Bioengineering Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
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35
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Wahlberg J, Persson PV, Olsson T, Hedenström E, Iversen T. Structural characterization of a lipase-catalyzed copolymerization of epsilon-caprolactone and D,L-lactide. Biomacromolecules 2003; 4:1068-71. [PMID: 12857093 DOI: 10.1021/bm0340725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The copolymerization of epsilon-caprolactone (epsilon-CL) and d,l-lactide catalyzed by Candida antarctica lipase B was studied. Copolymerizations with different epsilon-CL-to-lactide ratios were carried out, and the product was monitored and characterized by MALDI-TOF MS, GPC, and (1)H NMR. The polymerization of epsilon-CL, which is normally promoted by C. antarctica lipase B, is initially slowed by the presence of lactide. During this stage, lactide is consumed more rapidly than epsilon-CL, and the incorporation occurs dimer-wise with regard to the lactic acid (LA) units. As the reaction proceeds, the relative amount of CL units in the copolymer increases. The nonrandom copolymer structure disappears with time, probably due to a lipase-catalyzed transesterification reaction. In the copolymerizations with a low content of lactide, macrocycles of poly(epsilon-caprolactone) and copolymers having up to two LA units in the ring were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Wahlberg
- Swedish Pulp and Paper Research Institute, Box 5604, SE-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden
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36
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Vallikivi I, Lille Ü, Lookene A, Metsala A, Sikk P, Tõugu V, Vija H, Villo L, Parve O. Lipase action on some non-triglyceride substrates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1177(03)00043-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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37
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Córdova A. Synthesis of amphiphilic poly(epsilon-caprolactone) macromonomers by lipase catalysis. Biomacromolecules 2003; 2:1347-51. [PMID: 11777414 DOI: 10.1021/bm0101015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Córdova
- STFI, Swedish Pulp and Paper Research Institute, P.O. Box 5604, SE-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
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38
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Kumar A, Gross RA, Wang Y, Hillmyer MA. Recognition by Lipases of ω-Hydroxyl Macroinitiators for Diblock Copolymer Synthesis. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma020060k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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39
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Bankova M, Kumar A, Impallomeni G, Ballistreri A, Gross RA. Mass-Selective Lipase-Catalyzed Poly(ε-caprolactone) Transesterification Reactions. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0202282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mania Bankova
- NSF-I/UCR Center for Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing of Macromolecules, Polytechnic University, Six Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, New York 11201; Istituto per la Chimica e la Tecnologia dei Materiali Polimerici, CNR, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; and Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Ajay Kumar
- NSF-I/UCR Center for Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing of Macromolecules, Polytechnic University, Six Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, New York 11201; Istituto per la Chimica e la Tecnologia dei Materiali Polimerici, CNR, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; and Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Impallomeni
- NSF-I/UCR Center for Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing of Macromolecules, Polytechnic University, Six Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, New York 11201; Istituto per la Chimica e la Tecnologia dei Materiali Polimerici, CNR, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; and Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Alberto Ballistreri
- NSF-I/UCR Center for Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing of Macromolecules, Polytechnic University, Six Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, New York 11201; Istituto per la Chimica e la Tecnologia dei Materiali Polimerici, CNR, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; and Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Richard A. Gross
- NSF-I/UCR Center for Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing of Macromolecules, Polytechnic University, Six Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, New York 11201; Istituto per la Chimica e la Tecnologia dei Materiali Polimerici, CNR, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; and Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
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40
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Kumar R, Gross RA. Biocatalytic route to well-defined macromers built around a sugar core. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:1850-1. [PMID: 11866587 DOI: 10.1021/ja012262m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
By using 4-C-hydroxymethyl-alpha-D-pentofuranose as the sugar core and lipase-catalyzed transformations, a macromer was constructed with exceptional control of substituent placement around the carbohydrate core. The key synthetic transformations performed were as follows: (1) selective lipase-catalyzed acrylation along with prochiral selection of 4-C-hydroxymethyl-1,2-O-isopropylidene-alpha-D-pentofuranose (diastereomeric excess up to 93%); (2) the ring-opening of epsilon-caprolactone, epsilon-CL, from the remaining primary hydroxyl group to give an acryl-sugar capped macromer (M(n) = 11 300, M(w)/M(n) = 1.36, initiator efficiency 50-55%, <5% water initiated PCL chains); (3) selective lipase-catalyzed esterification of the terminal hydroxyl of oligo(epsilon-CL) chains; (4) hydrolysis of the 1,2-O-isopropylidene group at the sugar core without any substantial loss in macromer molecular weight; and (5) homopolymerization of the corresponding macromer. In principle, the method developed is flexible so that it can be used to generate a wide array of unusual macromers and heteroarm stars. In the absence of biocatalytic transformation, such structural control would be extremely difficult or currently impossible to obtain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar
- NSF Center for Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing of Macromolecules, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic University, Six Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, New York 11201, USA
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41
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Al-Azemi TF, Bisht KS. One-step synthesis of polycarbonates bearing pendant carboxyl groups by lipase-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.10212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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42
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kobayashi
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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43
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Uyama H, Kobayashi S, Morita M, Habaue S, Okamoto Y. Chemoselective Ring-Opening Polymerization of a Lactone Having exo-Methylene Group with Lipase Catalysis. Macromolecules 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ma010893v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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44
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Gross
- NSF IUCRC for Biocatalysis and BioProcessing of Macromolecules, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic University, Six Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, New York 11201, USA.
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45
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Kobayashi S, Uyama H. In vitro biosynthesis of polyesters. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2001; 71:241-62. [PMID: 11217414 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-40021-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
In vitro synthesis of polyesters using isolated enzymes as catalyst via non-biosynthetic pathways is reviewed. In most cases, lipase was used as catalyst and various monomer combinations, typically oxyacids or their esters, dicarboxylic acids or their derivatives/glycols, and lactones, afforded the polyesters. The enzymatic polymerization often proceeded under mild reaction conditions in comparison with chemical processes. By utilizing characteristic properties of lipases, regio- and enantioselective polymerizations proceeded to give functional polymers, most of which are difficult to synthesize by conventional methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kobayashi
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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46
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Kobayashi S, Uyama H, Ohmae M. Enzymatic Polymerization for Precision Polymer Synthesis. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2001. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.74.613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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47
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48
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Córdova A, Iversen T, Hult K. Lipase-catalyzed formation of end-functionalized poly(ϵ-caprolactone) by initiation and termination reactions. POLYMER 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(99)00017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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49
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50
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Namekawa S, Suda S, Uyama H, Kobayashi S. Lipase-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization of lactones to polyesters and its mechanistic aspects. Int J Biol Macromol 1999; 25:145-51. [PMID: 10416661 DOI: 10.1016/s0141-8130(99)00028-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Lipase catalysis induced a ring-opening polymerization of lactones with different ring-sizes. Small-size (four-membered) and medium-size lactones (six- and seven-membered) as well as macrolides (12-, 13-, 16-, and 17-membered) were subjected to lipase-catalyzed polymerization. The polymerization behaviors depended primarily on the lipase origin and the monomer structure. The macrolides showing much lower anionic polymerizability were enzymatically polymerized faster than epsilon-caprolactone. The granular immobilized lipase derived from Candida antartica showed extremely efficient catalysis in the polymerization of epsilon-caprolactone. Single-step terminal functionalization of the polyester was achieved by initiator and terminator methods. The enzymatic polymerizability of lactones was quantitatively evaluated by Michaelis-Menten kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Namekawa
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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