Synthesis of Poly(arylene ether ketone)s Containing Trifluoromethyl Groups via Nitro Displacement Reaction

Ionic Crosslinking-Induced Nanochannels: Nanophase Separation for Ion Transport Promotion

Charge-governed ion transport is crucial to numerous industries, and the advanced membrane is the essential component. In nature, the efficient and selective ion transport is mainly governed by the charged ion channels located in cell membrane, indicating the architecture with functional differentiation. Inspired by this architecture, a membrane by ionic crosslinking sulfonated poly(arylene ether ketone) and imidazolium-functionalized poly(arylene ether sulfone) is designed and fabricated to make full use of the charges. This ionic crosslinking is designed to realize nanophase separation to aggregate the ion pathways in the membrane, which results in excellent ion selectivity and high ion conductivity. With the excellent ion transport behavior, ionic crosslinking membrane shows great potential in osmotic energy conversion, which maximum power density can be up to 16.72 W m^-2 . This design of ionic crosslinking-induced nanophase separation offers a roadmap for ion transport promotion.

Synthesis and properties of novel copolymers of poly(ether ketone ketone) and poly(ether sulfone ether ketone ketone) containing 1,4-naphthylene moieties

A new monomer containing naphthalene and sulfone groups, 4,4′-bis(1-naphthoxy)diphenylsulfone (BNODPS), was easily prepared by the condensation reaction of 4,4′-dichlorodiphenylsulfone with 1-naphthol in the presence of base in dimethyl sulfoxide. Novel copolymers of poly(ether ketone ketone) and poly(ether sulfone ether ketone ketone) containing 1,4-naphthylene moieties were synthesized by the electrophilic Friedel–Crafts acylation copolycondensation of terephthaloyl chloride with a mixture of diphenyl ether (DPE) and BNODPS, over a wide range of DPE/BNODPS molar ratios, in the presence of anhydrous AlCl3 and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) in 1,2-dichloroethane. The polymers obtained were characterized by different physicochemical techniques. The copolymers with 5–25 mol% BNODPS are semicrystalline and had remarkably increased Tgs and decreased Tms over the wholly para-linked poly(ether ketone ketone) due to the incorporation of bulky and rigid 1,4-naphthylene moieties and flexible sulfone linkages in the main chains. The copolymer VI with 25 mol% BNODPS had not only high Tg of 185°C but also moderate Tm of 335°C, having good potential for melt processing. The copolymer VI had tensile strength of 102.2 MPa, Young’s modulus of 2.78 GPa, and elongation at break of 15.9% and exhibited high thermal stability and good resistance to organic solvents.

Sulfonated carbon nanotubes synergistically enhanced the proton conductivity of sulfonated polyarylene ether nitriles

The effect of sulfonated carbon nanotubes using an acyl chloride method on proton conductivity of sulfonated polyarylene ether nitriles was investigated.

Postpolymerization of a fluorinated and reactive poly(aryl ether): an efficient way to balance the solubility and solvent resistance of the polymer

A new fluorinated poly(aryl ether) with reactive benzocyclobutene groups as the side chain was successfully synthesized. This polymer showed a number-average molecular weight (Mn) of 200,000 and had good solubility and film-forming ability. After being postpolymerized at high temperature (>200 °C), the polymer film converted to a cross-linked network structure, which was insoluble in the common organic solvents. Such results suggest that the postpolymerization is an efficient way to achive the balance between the solubility and the solvent resistance of the polymer. TGA data showed that the postpolymerized polymer had a 5 wt % loss temperature at 495 °C and a residual of 61% at 1000 °C under N2. The cross-linked film also exhibited good dielectric properties with an average dielectric constant of about 2.62 in a range of frequencies from 1 to 30 MHz. With regard to the mechanical properties, the cross-linked film had hardness, Young's modulus, and bonding strength to a silicon wafer of 1.22, 8.8, and 0.89 GPa, respectively. These data imply that this new polymer may have potential applications in the electrical and microelectronics industry.

Synthesis and properties of novel poly(aryl ether ketone)s containing both 2,6-naphthylene and 1,4-naphthylene units

A new monomer containing naphthalene, namely 4,4′-di(1-naphthoxy)benzophenone (DNOBN), was prepared by the condensation reaction of 4,4′-difluorobenzophenone with 1-naphthol in the presence of base in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP). Novel poly(aryl ether ketone)s containing both 2,6-naphthylene and 1,4-naphthylene units were synthesized by the electrophilic Friedel-Crafts acylation polycondensation of terephthaloyl chloride with a mixture of 2,6-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)naphthalene (BPOBN) and DNOBN, over a wide range of BPOBN/DNOBN molar ratios, in the presence of anhydrous AlCl3 and NMP in 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE). The copolymers obtained were characterized by different physicochemical techniques. The copolymers with 10–20 mol% DNOBN are semicrystalline and had remarkably increased Tgs over commercially available poly(ether ether ketone) and poly(ether ketone ketone) due to the incorporation of 2,6-naphthylene and 1,4-naphthylene moieties in the main chains. The copolymer IV with 20 mol% DNOBN had not only high Tg of 189°C, but also moderate Tm of 338°C, having good potential for melt processing. The copolymer IV had tensile strength of 102.2 MPa, Young’s modulus of 3.25 GPa, and elongation at break of 18.5% and exhibited high thermal stability and excellent resistance to organic solvents.

Synthesis and properties of novel random copolymers of poly(ether ketone ether ketone ketone)–poly(ether ketone sulfone imide)

The monomer containing sulfone and imide linkages, namely bis[4-( p-phenoxybenzoyl)-1,2-benzenedioyl]- N, N, N′, N′-4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (BPBDADPS), was prepared by the Friedel–Crafts reaction of bis(4-chloroformyl-1,2-benzenedioyl)- N, N, N′, N′-4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone with diphenyl ether. Novel random copolymers of poly(ether ketone ether ketone ketone)–poly(ether ketone sulfone imide) were synthesized by the electrophilic Friedel–Crafts acylation polycondensation of terephthaloyl chloride with a mixture of 4,4′-diphenoxybenzophenone and BPBDADPS in the presence of anhydrous aluminum chloride and N-methylpyrrolidone in 1,2-dichloroethane. The random copolymers with 10–35 mol% BPBDADPS are semicrystalline and had remarkably increased glass transition temperatures ( Tgs) over the conventional poly(ether ether ketone) and poly(ether ketone ketone) due to the incorporation of polar sulfone and imide linkages in the main chains. The copolymers IV and V with 30–35 mol% BPBDADPS had not only high Tgs of 184–186°C but also moderate melting temperatures ( Tms) of 336–340°C, having good potential for melt processing. The copolymers IV and V had tensile strengths of 100.8–103.6 MPa, Young’s moduli of 2.31–2.48 GPa, and elongations at break of 10.9–12.4% and exhibited high thermal stability and good resistance to organic solvents.

Synthesis and characterization of novel poly(aryl ether ketone)s containing sulfone and imide linkages in the main chains

A new monomer, bis[4-(p-phenoxybenzoyl)-1,2-benzenedioyl]-N,N,N′,N′-4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (BPBDADPS), was prepared by the Friedel–Crafts reaction of bis(4-chloroformyl-1,2-benzenedioyl)-N,N,N′,N′-4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (BCBDADPS) with diphenyl ether (DPE). Novel poly(aryl ether ketone)s containing sulfone and imide linkages in the main chains (PAEKSI) were synthesized by electrophilic solution polycondensation of terephthaloyl chloride (TPC) with a mixture of DPE and BPBDADPS under mild conditions. The copolymers obtained were characterized by different physico-chemical techniques. The copolymers with 10–30 mol% BPBDADPS are semi-crystalline and had remarkably increased Tg values over commercially available PEEK and PEKK due to the incorporation of sulfone and imide linkages in the main chains. The copolymers III and IV with 20–30 mol% BPBDADPS had not only high Tg values of 180–187 °C, but also moderate Tm values of 338–341 °C, having good potential for the melt processing. The copolymers III and IV had tensile strengths of 100.7–104.2 MPa, Young’s moduli of 2.31–2.44 GPa, and elongations at break of 12.2–14.7% and exhibited high thermal stability and good resistance to organic solvents.

Synthesis and Characterization of Copolymers of Poly(aryl ether ketone amide) and Poly(aryl ether ketone ketone)

A new monomer containing amide linkages, N, N′-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)- p-phenylenediamine (BPBPPD), was prepared by condensation of p-phenylenediamine with 4-phenoxybenzoyl chloride in N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc). A series of novel copolymers of poly(ether ketone amide) (PEKA) and poly(ether ketone ketone) (PEKK) were synthesized by electrophilic Friedel—Crafts solution copolycondensation of isophthaloyl chloride (IPC) with a mixture of BPBPPD and diphenyl ether (DPE), over a wide range of BPBPPD/DPE molar ratios, in the presence of anhydrous aluminum chloride and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) in 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE). The polymers obtained were characterized by different physico-chemical techniques. The crystallinity, melting temperatures, and glass transition temperatures of the polymers increased with increase in the BPBPPD content in the reaction system due to the existence of hydrogen bonding in the polymer, the copolymers with 50—90 mol% BPBPPD were semicrystalline. The copolymers with 50—60 mol% BPBPPD had high Tg values of 185—191 °C, moderate Tm values of 341—348 °C, tensile strengths of 102.4—104.6 MPa, Young’s moduli of 2.53—2.68 GPa, and elongations at break of 11—13%. The copolymers exhibited high thermal stability and good resistance to common organic solvents.

Aromatic Polyethers based on Meta-activated Dinitrocompounds

Aromatic polyethers containing phenyl sulfone side groups were prepared using aromatic nucleophilic nitrosubstitution reaction. As starting compounds TNT-derived 3,5-dinitrodiphenyl sulfone and 4,4′-bis-[(3-nitro-5-phenylsulfonyl)phenylsulfonyl]diphenyl sulfone containing functional nitro groups activated with electron-withdrawing phenylsulfone meta-substituents were used. Polymers obtained are soluble in wide range of organic solvents and demonstrate large ‘windows’ between their softening and degradation temperatures.

Synthesis and Properties of Copolymers of Poly(ether ketone ketone) and Poly(ether ether ketone ketone) Containing Naphthalene Moieties and Pendant Cyano Groups

A new monomer containing naphthalene, 2,6-bis( β -naphthoxy)benzonitrile (BNOBN) was synthesized by reaction of β -naphthol with 2,6-difluorobenzonitrile in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) in the presence of KOH and K 2CO3. Novel copolymers of poly(ether ketone ketone) and poly(ether ether ketone ketone) containing naphthalene moieties and pendant cyano groups were prepared by electrophilic Friedel—Crafts solution copolycondensation of terephthaloyl chloride (TPC) with varying mole proportions of diphenyl ether and 2,6-bis( β -naphthoxy)benzonitrile (BNOBN) using 1,2-dichloroethane as solvent and NMP as Lewis base in the presence of anhydrous AlCl3. The crystallinity and melting temperatures of the polymers were found to decrease as the concentration of BNOBN in the polymer increased, whereas the glass transition temperatures of the polymers increased as the concentration of BNOBN in the polymer increased. The copolymers with 20—25 mol% BNOBN had high Tg values of 182—184 ° C; moderate Tm values of 324—335 °C; tensile strengths of 101.8—103.2 MPa, Young’s moduli of 3.14—3.23 GPa, and elongations at break of 15—18%. The copolymers exhibited outstanding thermal stability and good resistance to organic solvents, acidity and alkali.