1
|
Hege CS, Stimpson A, Sefton J, Summers J, Henke H, Dundas AA, Phan T, Kinsey R, Guderian JA, Sivananthan SJ, Mohamath R, Lykins WR, Ramer-Denisoff G, Lin S, Fox CB, Irvine DJ. Screening of Oligomeric (Meth)acrylate Vaccine Adjuvants Synthesized via Catalytic Chain Transfer Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3831. [PMID: 37765685 PMCID: PMC10538096 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This report details the first systematic screening of free-radical-produced methacrylate oligomer reaction mixtures as alternative vaccine adjuvant components to replace the current benchmark compound squalene, which is unsustainably sourced from shark livers. Homo-/co-oligomer mixtures of methyl, butyl, lauryl, and stearyl methacrylate were successfully synthesized using catalytic chain transfer control, where the use of microwave heating was shown to promote propagation over chain transfer. Controlling the mixture material properties allowed the correct viscosity to be achieved, enabling the mixtures to be effectively used in vaccine formulations. Emulsions of selected oligomers stimulated comparable cytokine levels to squalene emulsion when incubated with human whole blood and elicited an antigen-specific cellular immune response when administered with an inactivated influenza vaccine, indicating the potential utility of the compounds as vaccine adjuvant components. Furthermore, the oligomers' molecular sizes were demonstrated to be large enough to enable greater emulsion stability than squalene, especially at high temperatures, but are predicted to be small enough to allow for rapid clearance from the body.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cordula S. Hege
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK (A.A.D.)
| | - Amy Stimpson
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK (A.A.D.)
| | - Joseph Sefton
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK (A.A.D.)
| | - James Summers
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Helena Henke
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK (A.A.D.)
| | - Adam A. Dundas
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK (A.A.D.)
| | - Tony Phan
- Access to Advanced Health Institute, Formerly Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Robert Kinsey
- Access to Advanced Health Institute, Formerly Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Guderian
- Access to Advanced Health Institute, Formerly Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Sandra J. Sivananthan
- Access to Advanced Health Institute, Formerly Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Raodoh Mohamath
- Access to Advanced Health Institute, Formerly Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - William R. Lykins
- Access to Advanced Health Institute, Formerly Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Gabi Ramer-Denisoff
- Access to Advanced Health Institute, Formerly Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Susan Lin
- Access to Advanced Health Institute, Formerly Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Christopher B. Fox
- Access to Advanced Health Institute, Formerly Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Derek J. Irvine
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK (A.A.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dau H, Jones GR, Tsogtgerel E, Nguyen D, Keyes A, Liu YS, Rauf H, Ordonez E, Puchelle V, Basbug Alhan H, Zhao C, Harth E. Linear Block Copolymer Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:14471-14553. [PMID: 35960550 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymers form the basis of the most ubiquitous materials such as thermoplastic elastomers, bridge interphases in polymer blends, and are fundamental for the development of high-performance materials. The driving force to further advance these materials is the accessibility of block copolymers, which have a wide variety in composition, functional group content, and precision of their structure. To advance and broaden the application of block copolymers will depend on the nature of combined segmented blocks, guided through the combination of polymerization techniques to reach a high versatility in block copolymer architecture and function. This review provides the most comprehensive overview of techniques to prepare linear block copolymers and is intended to serve as a guideline on how polymerization techniques can work together to result in desired block combinations. As the review will give an account of the relevant procedures and access areas, the sections will include orthogonal approaches or sequentially combined polymerization techniques, which increases the synthetic options for these materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huong Dau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Glen R Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Enkhjargal Tsogtgerel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Dung Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Anthony Keyes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Yu-Sheng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Hasaan Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Estela Ordonez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Valentin Puchelle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Hatice Basbug Alhan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Chenying Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Eva Harth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Grishin DF, Grishin ID. Modern trends in controlled synthesis of functional polymers: fundamental aspects and practical applications. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Major trends in controlled radical polymerization (CRP) or reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP), the most efficient method of synthesis of well-defined homo- and copolymers with specified parameters and properties, are critically analyzed. Recent advances associated with the three classical versions of CRP: nitroxide mediated polymerization, reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization, are considered. Particular attention is paid to the prospects for the application of photoinitiation and photocatalysis in CRP. This approach, which has been intensively explored recently, brings synthetic methods of polymer chemistry closer to the light-induced processes of macromolecular synthesis occurring in living organisms. Examples are given of practical application of CRP techniques to obtain industrially valuable, high-tech polymeric products.
The bibliography includes 429 references.
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen Y, Chen S, Li J, Wu Z, Lee G, Liu Y, Cheng W, Yeh C, Peng C. Cobalt(II) phenoxy‐imine complexes in radical polymerization of vinyl acetate: The interplay of catalytic chain transfer and controlled/living radical polymerization. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi‐Hao Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of MattersNational Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Shih‐Ji Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of MattersNational Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Jia‐Qi Li
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of MattersNational Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Zhenqiang Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Lab of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Gene‐Hsiang Lee
- Instrumentation CenterNational Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Yi‐Hung Liu
- Instrumentation CenterNational Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Wei‐Ting Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Sustainable Energy and NanotechnologyNational Chung Hsing University Taichung 402 Taiwan
| | - Chen‐Yu Yeh
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Sustainable Energy and NanotechnologyNational Chung Hsing University Taichung 402 Taiwan
| | - Chi‐How Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of MattersNational Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zerk TJ, Bernhardt PV. Organo-Copper(II) Complexes as Products of Radical Atom Transfer. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:5784-5792. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Zerk
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Paul V. Bernhardt
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nurumbetov G, Engelis N, Godfrey J, Hand R, Anastasaki A, Simula A, Nikolaou V, Haddleton DM. Methacrylic block copolymers by sulfur free RAFT (SF RAFT) free radical emulsion polymerisation. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py02038k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the use of sulfur free reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerisation (RAFT) as a versatile tool for the controlled synthesis of methacrylic block and comb-like copolymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rachel Hand
- University of Warwick
- Chemistry Department
- Coventry
- UK
| | - Athina Anastasaki
- University of Warwick
- Chemistry Department
- Coventry
- UK
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology
| | | | | | - David M. Haddleton
- University of Warwick
- Chemistry Department
- Coventry
- UK
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mechanistic studies of methyl methacrylate polymerization in the presence of cobalt complex with sterically-hindered redox-active ligand. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-016-1114-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
8
|
Yang HY, van Ee RJ, Timmer K, Craenmehr EG, Huang JH, Öner FC, Dhert WJ, Kragten AH, Willems N, Grinwis GC, Tryfonidou MA, Papen-Botterhuis NE, Creemers LB. A novel injectable thermoresponsive and cytocompatible gel of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) with layered double hydroxides facilitates siRNA delivery into chondrocytes in 3D culture. Acta Biomater 2015; 23:214-228. [PMID: 26022968 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid hydrogels composed of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAAM) and layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are presented in this study as novel injectable and thermoresponsive materials for siRNA delivery, which could specifically target several negative regulators of tissue homeostasis in cartilaginous tissues. Effectiveness of siRNA transfection using pNIPAAM formulated with either MgAl-LDH or MgFe-LDH platelets was investigated using osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was used as an endogenous model gene to evaluate the extent of silencing. No significant adverse effects of pNIPAAM/LDH hydrogels on cell viability were noticed. Cellular uptake of fluorescently labeled siRNA was greatly enhanced (>75%) in pNIPAAM/LDH hydrogel constructs compared to alginate, hyaluronan and fibrin gels, and was absent in pNIPAAM hydrogel without LDH platelets. When using siRNA against GAPDH, 82-98% reduction of gene expression was found in both types of pNIPAAM/LDH hydrogel constructs after 6 days of culturing. In the pNIPAAM/MgAl-LDH hybrid hydrogel, 80-95% of GAPDH enzyme activity was reduced in parallel with gene. Our findings show that the combination of a cytocompatible hydrogel and therapeutic RNA oligonucleotides is feasible. Thus it might hold promise in treating degeneration of cartilaginous tissues by providing supporting scaffolds for cells and interference with locally produced degenerative factors.
Collapse
|
9
|
Kolyakina EV, Ovchinnikova YE, Grishin ID, Poddel’skii AI, Grishin DF. Methyl methacrylate polymerization involving a cobalt ortho-iminobenzosemiquinone complex: Determination of the chain transfer constant. KINETICS AND CATALYSIS 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0023158415030118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
10
|
Kolyakina EV, Poddel’sky AI, Grishin DF. A sterically hindered cobalt o-iminobenzosemiquinone complex in the polymerization of vinyl monomers. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s156009041405008x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
11
|
Smeets NM. Amphiphilic hyperbranched polymers from the copolymerization of a vinyl and divinyl monomer: The potential of catalytic chain transfer polymerization. Eur Polym J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
12
|
Soeriyadi AH, R.Whittaker M, Boyer C, Davis TP. Soft ionization mass spectroscopy: Insights into the polymerization mechanism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
13
|
Barker IA, El Harfi J, Adlington K, Howdle SM, Irvine DJ. Catalytic Chain Transfer Mediated Autopolymerization of Divinylbenzene: Toward Facile Synthesis of High Alkene Functional Group Density Hyperbranched Materials. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma3018684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian A. Barker
- School
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Jaouad El Harfi
- School
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Adlington
- School
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Steven M. Howdle
- School
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Derek J. Irvine
- School
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Schröder K, Konkolewicz D, Poli R, Matyjaszewski K. Formation and Possible Reactions of Organometallic Intermediates with Active Copper(I) Catalysts in ATRP. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om3006883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Schröder
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Dominik Konkolewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Rinaldo Poli
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination
(LCC), CNRS, Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 205, Route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 103, Boulevard Saint-Michel, 75005 Paris,
France
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Smeets NMB, Lam RWK, Moraes RP, McKenna TFL. Catalytic chain transfer polymerization for molecular weight control in microemulsion polymerization. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py00469k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
16
|
Poli R. Radical Coordination Chemistry and Its Relevance to Metal‐Mediated Radical Polymerization. Eur J Inorg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201001364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rinaldo Poli
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC), CNRS, Université de Toulouse; UPS, INPT, 205, route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, France, Fax: +33‐5‐61553003
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
Bennet F, Hart-Smith G, Gruendling T, Davis TP, Barker PJ, Barner-Kowollik C. Degradation of Poly(methyl methacrylate) Model Compounds Under Extreme Environmental Conditions. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200900625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
19
|
Smeets NMB, Meuldijk J, Heuts JPA, Koeken ACJ. Facile and selective synthesis of aldehyde end-functionalized polymers using a combination of catalytic chain transfer and rhodium catalyzed hydroformylation. Polym Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0py00111b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
20
|
Nikitin AN, Grady MC, Kalfas GA, Hutchinson RA. Investigation of Catalytic Chain Transfer Copolymerization of Methacrylates. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.200800017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
21
|
Zwolak G, Lucien FP. Molecular Weight Evolution in the Catalytic Chain Transfer Polymerization of CO2-Expanded Methyl Methacrylate. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma8000737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Zwolak
- School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Frank P. Lucien
- School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Harrar-Ferfera H, Amrani F. Polymerization of methyl methacrylate with Nickel(II)α-benzoinoxime complex. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.24711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
23
|
Allan LEN, Shaver MP, White AJP, Gibson VC. Correlation of Metal Spin-State in α-Diimine Iron Catalysts with Polymerization Mechanism. Inorg Chem 2007; 46:8963-70. [PMID: 17854185 DOI: 10.1021/ic701500y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The alpha-diimine iron complexes, (R',R'')[N,N]FeCl(2) ((R',R'')[N,N] = R'-N=CR' '-CR' '=N-R', where R' = tert-butyl (tBu), cyclohexyl (Cy) and R' ' = phenyl (Ph), para-fluorophenyl (F-Ph), para-bromophenyl (Br-Ph), para-methylphenyl (Me-Ph), or para-methoxyphenyl (MeO-Ph)), are found to polymerize styrene through a catalytic chain transfer (CCT) mechanism. Magnetic moment measurements indicate that Fe(III) complexes containing these ligands possess intermediate (S = 3/2) spin-state iron centers. In contrast, Fe(III) complexes bearing proton (R' ' = H) and para-dimethylaminophenyl (R' ' = NMe(2)-Ph) substituents are high-spin and are efficient atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) catalysts. Hammett plots show a linear correlation of the substituent constant, sigma, with polymerization rate and polymer molecular weight, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura E N Allan
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bennet F, Lovestead TM, Barker PJ, Davis TP, Stenzel MH, Barner-Kowollik C. Degradation of Poly(methyl methacrylate) Model Compounds at Constant Elevated Temperature Studied via High Resolution Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS). Macromol Rapid Commun 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200700330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
25
|
Yamada B, Zetterlund PB, Sato E. Utility of propenyl groups in free radical polymerization: Effects of steric hindrance on formation and reaction behavior as versatile intermediates. Prog Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2006.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
26
|
Zwolak G, Jayasinghe NS, Lucien FP. Catalytic chain transfer polymerisation of CO2-expanded methyl methacrylate. J Supercrit Fluids 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2005.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
27
|
Morrison DA, Davis TP, Heuts JPA, Messerle B, Gridnev AA. Free radical polymerization with catalytic chain transfer: Using NMR to probe the strength of the cobalt–carbon bond in small molecule model reactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
28
|
Probing mechanistic features of conventional, catalytic and living free radical polymerizations using soft ionization mass spectrometric techniques. POLYMER 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
29
|
Yang P, Chan BCK, Baird MC. Is FeEt2(2,2‘-dipyridyl)2 a Ziegler Catalyst for Polymerization of the Polar Monomer Acrylonitrile? Organometallics 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/om0499613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
| | - Bryan C. K. Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
| | - Michael C. Baird
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Li Y, Wayland BB. Macromonomer Chain Growth in the Radical Polymerization of MMA by Cobalt(II) Catalyzed Chain Transfer. Macromol Rapid Commun 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200390049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
31
|
Roberts GE, Heuts JPA, Davis TP. Catalytic-chain-transfer polymerization of styrene revisited: The importance of monomer purification and polymerization conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.10613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
32
|
Roberts GE, Barner-Kowollik C, Davis TP, Heuts JPA. Cobalt(II)-Mediated Catalytic Chain Transfer Polymerization of Styrene: Estimating Individual Rate Coefficients via Kinetic Modeling. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma021152c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Evan Roberts
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Thomas P. Davis
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Johan P. A. Heuts
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Pierik SCJ, Herk AMV. High-conversion catalytic chain transfer polymerization of methyl methacrylate. J Appl Polym Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/app.13020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
34
|
Roberts GE, Davis TP, Heuts JPA, Ball GE. Monomer Substituent Effects in Catalytic Chain Transfer Polymerization: tert-Butyl Methacrylate and Dimethyl Itaconate. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma020719m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Evan Roberts
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Thomas P. Davis
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Johan P. A. Heuts
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Graham E. Ball
- NMR Facility and School of Chemical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
|
36
|
Roberts GE, Davis TP, Heuts JPA, Russell GT. Viscosity effects in cobaloxime-mediated catalytic chain-transfer polymerization of methacrylates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.10152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
37
|
Kurmaz SV, Perepelitsina EO, Bubnova ML, Estrina GA, Roshchupkin VP. A cobalt(II)—porphyrin complex as a regulator of cross-linking radical copolymerization. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2002. [DOI: 10.1070/mc2002v012n01abeh001544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
38
|
Gridnev AA, Ittel SD. Catalytic chain transfer in free-radical polymerizations. Chem Rev 2001; 101:3611-60. [PMID: 11740917 DOI: 10.1021/cr9901236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A A Gridnev
- DuPont Central Research and Development, Experimental Station, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0328, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Roberts GE, Heuts JPA, Davis TP. Direct Observation of Cobalt−Carbon Bond Formation in the Catalytic Chain Transfer Polymerization of Methyl Acrylate Using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Macromolecules 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0003506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Evan Roberts
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Engineering & Industrial Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia 2052
| | - Johan P. A. Heuts
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Engineering & Industrial Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia 2052
| | - Thomas P. Davis
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Engineering & Industrial Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia 2052
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
|
41
|
Gridnev AA, Simonsick WJ, Ittel SD. Synthesis of telechelic polymers initiated with selected functional groups by catalytic chain transfer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0518(20000515)38:10<1911::aid-pola790>3.0.co;2-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
42
|
Kowollik C, Davis TP. Evolution of molecular weight distributions in the catalytic chain transfer polymerization of methyl methacrylate up to high monomer conversions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-0518(20000915)38:18<3303::aid-pola90>3.0.co;2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
43
|
Heuts JPA, Davis TP, Russell GT. Comparison of the Mayo and Chain Length Distribution Procedures for the Measurement of Chain Transfer Constants. Macromolecules 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ma990076j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johan P. A. Heuts
- School of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Thomas P. Davis
- School of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Gregory T. Russell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Heuts JPA, Forster DJ, Davis TP. The Effects of Ester Chain Length and Temperature on the Catalytic Chain Transfer Polymerization of Methacrylates. Macromolecules 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ma9901341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johan P. A. Heuts
- School of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Darren J. Forster
- School of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Thomas P. Davis
- School of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|