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Singh S, Samanta P, Srivastava R, Horechyy A, Reuter U, Stamm M, Chen HL, Nandan B. Ligand displacement induced morphologies in block copolymer/quantum dot hybrids and formation of core–shell hybrid nanoobjects. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:27651-27663. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp04343k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This article reports on the ligand displacement induced morphologies in block copolymer/quantum dot hybrids and further formation of core–shell nano-objects from them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajan Singh
- Department of Textile Technology
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi 110016
- India
| | - Pratick Samanta
- Department of Textile Technology
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi 110016
- India
| | - Rajiv Srivastava
- Department of Textile Technology
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi 110016
- India
| | - Andriy Horechyy
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden
- Dresden 01069
- Germany
| | - Uta Reuter
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden
- Dresden 01069
- Germany
| | - Manfred Stamm
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden
- Dresden 01069
- Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden
- Physical Chemistry of Polymer Materials
| | - Hsin-Lung Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Tsing-Hua University
- Hsinchu 30013
- Taiwan
| | - Bhanu Nandan
- Department of Textile Technology
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi 110016
- India
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2
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Young NP, Inceoglu S, Stone GM, Jackson AJ, Kline SR, Costeux S, Balsara NP. Thermodynamic Interactions and Phase Behavior of Multicomponent Blends Containing Supercritical Carbon Dioxide, Styrene–Acrylonitrile Random Copolymer, and Deuterated Poly(methyl methacrylate). Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma5018154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P. Young
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | | - Gregory M. Stone
- Malvern Instruments
Inc., 117 Flanders Road, Westborough, Massachusetts 01581, United States
| | | | - Steven R. Kline
- NIST Center for
Neutron Research, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-6102, United States
| | - Stéphane Costeux
- The Dow Chemical Company, Dow Building & Construction, Midland, Michigan 48674, United States
| | - Nitash P. Balsara
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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3
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Müller M, Sun DW. Directing the self-assembly of block copolymers into a metastable complex network phase via a deep and rapid quench. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:267801. [PMID: 24483814 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.267801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The free-energy landscape of self-assembling block copolymer systems is characterized by a multitude of metastable minima. Using particle-based simulations of a soft, coarse-grained model, we explore opportunities to reproducibly direct the spontaneous ordering of these self-assembling systems into a metastable complex network morphology--specifically, Schoen's I-WP periodic minimal surface--starting from a highly unstable state that is generated by a rapid expansion. This process-directed self-assembly provides an alternative to fine-tuning molecular architecture or blending for fabricating complex network structures. Comparing our particle-based simulation results to recently developed free-energy techniques, we critically assess their ability to predict spontaneous formation and highlight the importance of nonequilibrium molecular conformations in the starting state and the local conservation of density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Müller
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - De-Wen Sun
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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4
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Inceoglu S, Young NP, Jackson AJ, Kline SR, Costeux S, Balsara NP. Effect of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide on the Thermodynamics of Model Blends of Styrene-Acrylonitrile Copolymer and Poly(methyl methacrylate) Studied by Small-Angle Neutron Scattering. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401090q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebnem Inceoglu
- Department of Chemical
and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of California,
Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Nicholas P. Young
- Department of Chemical
and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of California,
Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | | - Steven R. Kline
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-6102,
United States
| | - Stéphane Costeux
- Dow Coatings & Construction, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan 48674, United States
| | - Nitash P. Balsara
- Department of Chemical
and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of California,
Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
94720, United States
- Environmental
Energy Technologies
Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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5
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Chakkalakal GL, Abetz C, Vainio U, Handge UA, Abetz V. Influence of rheology and morphology on foaming of PS-b-PMMA diblock copolymers and their composites with modified silica nanoparticles. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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6
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Labuschagne PW, Kazarian SG, Sadiku RE. In situ FTIR spectroscopic study of the effect of CO2 sorption on H-bonding in PEG-PVP mixtures. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2011; 78:1500-1506. [PMID: 21345719 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2011.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Revised: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A study of the H-bonding between poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in the presence of supercritical carbon dioxide at various temperatures, pressures, different M(w) of PEG and PVP and different PEG/PVP ratios is presented. In situ attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy was used to investigate H-bonding by examining changes in the relative intensities and positions of peak maxima of the 2nd derivative ν(C=O) bands associated with 'free' and H-bonded C=O groups. In general, relative intensities of bands associated with H-bonded CO groups decreased upon CO(2) sorption and was accompanied by an increase in intensity of bands associated with 'free' C=O groups. At the same time, these bands were shifted to higher wavenumbers. These shifts were attributed to the shielding effect of CO(2) molecules on H-bonding interactions between PEG and PVP. The magnitude of the effects of CO(2) shielding generally increased with decreasing polymer M(w) and increasing CO(2) content. However, upon CO(2) venting the extent of the H-bonding between PEG and PVP reappeared. The extent of H-bonding recovery was greatest for blends with low M(w) PEG (M(w): 4×10(2)) and PVP (M(w): 9×10(3)) and PEG content ≥0.54 wt% under mild conditions of pressure (80 bar) and temperature (35°C). For the same low M(w) blends, increasing pressure to 150 bar, or temperature to 50°C, showed poor H-bond recovery upon CO(2) venting. Overall, it was shown that supercritical CO(2)-induced shielding of H-bonding interactions in polymer blends is reversible upon CO(2) venting, and the magnitude of both was influenced by processing conditions and blend composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip W Labuschagne
- Tshwane University of Technology, Department of Polymer Technology, Lynnwoodridge, South Africa.
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7
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Shi LY, Shen Z, Fan XH. Order−Order Transition in a Rod−Coil Diblock Copolymer Induced by Supercritical CO2. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma1023704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ying Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhihao Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xing-He Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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8
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Brown GD, Watkins JJ. Carbon Dioxide – Dilated Block Copolymer Templates for Nanostructured Materials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-584-169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPeriodic polymer/metal (Pt or Ag) and polymer/semiconductor (PbS) nanocomposites are prepared using block copolymers dilated with carbon dioxide (CO2) as templates. Specifically, organometallic compounds (metal precursors) are dissolved into supercritical CO2 and infused into polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid) or polystyrene-block-poly(vinylpyridine) copolymers. Upon infusion, the acid or pyridine block selectively binds the metal precursor. The excess is removed from the polystyrene phase by subsequent CO2 extraction. Reduction of the bound organometallic with hydrogen or hydrogen sulfide yields the desired metal or semiconductor clusters, which are confined to the precursor-binding domain and remain positioned on the copolymer lattice. The composites are characterized by transmission electron microscopy, x-ray scattering and electron diffraction.
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10
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Li X, Vogt BD. Temperature dependence of CO2 concentration gradient within polymer films as determined by reactive templating. J Supercrit Fluids 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2009.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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11
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Impact of thickness on CO2 concentration profiles within polymer films swollen near the critical pressure. POLYMER 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.06.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Li C, Li GH, Moon HC, Lee DH, Kim JK, Cho J. Effect of neutral solvent on the phase behavior of polystyrene-block-poly(n-butyl methacrylate) copolymers. Macromol Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03218946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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13
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Li C, Kim EY, Li GH, Lee DH, Kim JK. Effect of solvents on closed-loop phase behavior of block copolymers. POLYMER 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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Francis TJ, Vogt BD, Wang MX, Watkins JJ. Scaling of Interdomain Spacing of Diblock Copolymers in a Selective Diluent. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma062000a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Francis
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, and Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
| | - Bryan D. Vogt
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, and Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
| | - Michael Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, and Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
| | - James J. Watkins
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, and Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
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15
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Shah M, Pryamitsyn V, Ganesan V. Instabilities in block copolymer films induced by compressible solvents. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:402-7. [PMID: 17214492 DOI: 10.1021/jp065040p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We combine a simple lattice-gas model for fluid mixtures along with polymer mean-field theory for block copolymer melts to study the stability of thin films of diblock copolymers in the presence of compressible fluid solvents. Using a free energy analysis, the stable and unstable thicknesses of a copolymer thin film are obtained for given solvent conditions. Our results suggest that the interplay between confinement, the compressibility of the solvent, and its selectivity to polymer component can lead to significant changes on the ordering and stability of the diblock copolymer thin films. Our results are in qualitative agreement with recent experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas Shah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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16
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Boyer SAE, Grolier JPE, Yoshida H, Iyoda T. Effect of interface on thermodynamic behavior of liquid crystalline type amphiphilic di-block copolymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.21134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Li Y, Wang X, Sanchez IC, Johnston KP, Green PF. Ordering in Asymmetric Block Copolymer Films by a Compressible Fluid. J Phys Chem B 2006; 111:16-25. [PMID: 17201424 DOI: 10.1021/jp065987r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We examine the morphological structures of asymmetric poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(1,1'-dihydroperflurooctyl methacrylate) (PEO-b-PFOMA) thin films upon annealing in a compressible fluid, supercritical CO2 (Sc-CO2). The strong affinity between PFOMA and CO2 is found to induce phase segregation when annealing PEO-b-PFOMA films at the same temperature as compared with vacuum. In vacuum, PEO-b-PFOMA films remain disordered from 80 to 180 degrees C, whereas, in Sc-CO2 at 13.9 MPa, an upper order-disorder transition (UODT) between 116 and 145 degrees C is found. In Sc-CO2, the observed ordered structure is layers of PEO spheres embedded in the matrix of PFOMA, followed by a brush layer, in which PEO wets the substrate. The swelling isotherms of PFOMA and PEO in CO2 are correlated with the Sanchez-Lacombe equation of state (SLEOS) to estimate the interaction parameters, XPFOMA-CO2 and XPEO-CO2. The phase segregation (order) induced by CO2 relative to vacuum at a given temperature is explained in terms of two factors: (1) copolymer volume fraction upon dilution with CO2, phi, and (2) the relative interaction parameter, DeltaX= XPEO-CO2 - XPFOMA-CO2. The latter factor favors order and is dominant at low temperatures over the phi factor, which always favors disorder. At high temperatures (above the T(ODT)), the preferential swelling of PFOMA by CO2 is less pronounced ( DeltaX decreases), and the copolymer is disordered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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18
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Li Y, Meli L, Lim KT, Johnston KP, Green PF. Structural Inversion of Micellar Block Copolymer Thin Films. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma060960r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, and Division of Image and Information Engineering, Pukyong National University, Pusan 608−739, South Korea
| | - Luciana Meli
- Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, and Division of Image and Information Engineering, Pukyong National University, Pusan 608−739, South Korea
| | - Kwon T. Lim
- Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, and Division of Image and Information Engineering, Pukyong National University, Pusan 608−739, South Korea
| | - Keith P. Johnston
- Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, and Division of Image and Information Engineering, Pukyong National University, Pusan 608−739, South Korea
| | - Peter F. Green
- Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, and Division of Image and Information Engineering, Pukyong National University, Pusan 608−739, South Korea
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Lavery KA, Sievert JD, Watkins JJ, Russell TP, Ryu DY, Kim JK. Influence of Carbon Dioxide Swelling on the Closed-Loop Phase Behavior of Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma060329q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher A. Lavery
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - James D. Sievert
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - James J. Watkins
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Thomas P. Russell
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Du Yeol Ryu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Jin Kon Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Block Copolymer Self-Assembly, Department of Chemical Engineering and Polymer Research Institute, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Kyungbuk 790-784, Korea
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20
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Li C, Lee DH, Kim JK, Ryu DY, Russell TP. Closed-Loop Phase Behavior for Weakly Interacting Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0610055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoxu Li
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Block Copolymer Self-Assembly, Department of Chemical Engineering and Polymer Research Institute, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Lee
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Block Copolymer Self-Assembly, Department of Chemical Engineering and Polymer Research Institute, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Korea
| | - Jin Kon Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Block Copolymer Self-Assembly, Department of Chemical Engineering and Polymer Research Institute, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Korea
| | - Du Yeol Ryu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Thomas P. Russell
- Silvio O. Conte National Center for Polymer Research, Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
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21
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Shieh YT, Yang HS, Chen HL, Lin TL. Nonisothermal Crystallization of Compatible PCL/PVC Blends under Supercritical CO2. Polym J 2005. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.37.932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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Koga T, Jerome JL, Seo YS, Rafailovich MH, Sokolov JC, Satija SK. Effect of density fluctuating supercritical carbon dioxide on polymer interfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2005; 21:6157-60. [PMID: 15982015 DOI: 10.1021/la050669p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigated an effect of CO2 sorption on the compatibility of immiscible polystyrene (PS) and polybutadiene (PB) bilayers by using in situ neutron reflectivity. By labeling either polymer with deuterium, we found that the excess CO2 molecules were adsorbed to both top PS and bottom PB layers when the bilayers were exposed to CO2 at the narrow T and P regime near the critical point of pure CO2. Furthermore, we clarified that this excess sorption of CO2 molecules increased the interfacial width between the layers up to 100 angstroms even near room temperature, while the interfacial width without CO2 exposure has been reported to be at most 40 A even at the highest temperature (T congruent with 175 degrees C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadanori Koga
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, USA.
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23
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Abstract
It is well-known that a bulk, symmetric, A-b-B diblock copolymer forms a lamellar morphology, with period L, below an order-disorder transition (T(ODT)) temperature, for chiN < 10.5; chi is the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter and N is the degree of polymerization of the copolymer. The ordering temperatures of poly(styrene-b-methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) thin film diblock copolymers of thickness h </= 2L, supported by SiO(x)/Si substrates, in vacuum environments, are shown to increase beyond the bulk, and estimates of the temperature shifts indicate that small changes of chiN are associated with unusually large shifts of the transition temperature. Further, we find that in compressed CO(2) environments, these films are ordered at temperatures where the films are disordered in vacuum (or air) environments. This latter observation is of particular significance because small molecule diluents, including compressed CO(2), are known to decrease the ODT of the bulk (enhanced miscibility).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Arceo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Texas Material Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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24
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Shieh YT, Yang HS. Enhanced morphological heterogeneity of PCL in the presence of PVC with isothermal supercritical CO2 treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.20678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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25
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Frankowski DJ, Raez J, Manners I, Winnik MA, Khan SA, Spontak RJ. Formation of dispersed nanostructures from poly(ferrocenyldimethylsilane-b-dimethylsiloxane) nanotubes upon exposure to supercritical carbon dioxide. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2004; 20:9304-9314. [PMID: 15461522 DOI: 10.1021/la049646l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
While incompatible block copolymers commonly assemble into several established classical or complex morphologies, highly asymmetric poly(ferrocenyldimethylsilane-b-dimethylsiloxane) (PFS-b-PDMS) diblock copolymers can also self-organize into high-aspect-ratio nanotubes with PDMS corona in the presence of PDMS-selective organic solvents. Exposure of these nanotubes on a carbon substrate to supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2), also a PDMS-selective solvent, appears to promote partial dissolution of the copolymer molecules. At sufficiently high copolymer concentrations, the dissolved molecules subsequently re-organize within the scCO2 environment to form new copolymer nanostructures that redeposit on the substrate upon scCO2 depressurization. Transmission electron microscopy reveals that micelles form under all the conditions examined here, whereas nanotubes coalesce and vesicles develop only at relatively high temperatures. The extent to which the copolymer nanotubes dissolve and the size distribution of the replacement micelles are sensitive to exposure conditions. These results suggest that the phase behavior of PFS-b-PDMS diblock copolymers in scCO2 may be remarkably rich and easily tunable.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Frankowski
- Department of Chemical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
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26
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Walker TA, Colina CM, Gubbins KE, Spontak RJ. Thermodynamics of Poly(dimethylsiloxane)/Poly(ethylmethylsiloxane) (PDMS/PEMS) Blends in the Presence of High-Pressure CO2. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma034920o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teri A. Walker
- Departments of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - Coray M. Colina
- Departments of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - Keith E. Gubbins
- Departments of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - Richard J. Spontak
- Departments of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
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27
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Horta A, Freire JJ. Block and alternating copolymer chains of styrene–vinylmethylether and styrene–methylmethacrylate by molecular dynamics simulation. POLYMER 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2003.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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28
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Kazarian SG, Chan KLA. FTIR Imaging of Polymeric Materials under High-Pressure Carbon Dioxide. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma035420y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergei G. Kazarian
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemical Technology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - K. L. Andrew Chan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemical Technology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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29
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RamachandraRao VS, Vogt BD, Gupta RR, Watkins JJ. Effect of carbon dioxide sorption on the phase behavior of weakly interacting polymer mixtures: Solvent-induced segregation in deuterated polybutadiene/polyisoprene blends. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.10633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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30
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Pham JQ, Sirard SM, Johnston KP, Green PF. Pressure, temperature, and thickness dependence of CO2-induced devitrification of polymer films. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 91:175503. [PMID: 14611357 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.175503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The glass transition temperature is known to increase with decreasing film thickness h for sufficiently thin poly(methyl methacrylate) films supported by silicon oxide substrates. We show that this system undergoes a CO2 pressure-induced devitrification transition, P(g), which is film thickness dependent, P(g)(h)=DeltaP(g)+P(bulk)(g). P(bulk)(g) is the bulk glass transition and DeltaP(g) can be positive or negative depending on T and P. The phenomenon of retrograde vitrification, wherein the polymer exhibits a rubbery-to-glassy-to-rubbery transition upon changing temperature isobarically, is also shown to occur in this system and it is film thickness dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Q Pham
- Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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31
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Tomasko DL, Li H, Liu D, Han X, Wingert MJ, Lee LJ, Koelling KW. A Review of CO2 Applications in the Processing of Polymers. Ind Eng Chem Res 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ie030199z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 560] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David L. Tomasko
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Ohio State University, 140 W. 19th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Hongbo Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Ohio State University, 140 W. 19th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Dehua Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Ohio State University, 140 W. 19th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Xiangmin Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Ohio State University, 140 W. 19th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Maxwell J. Wingert
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Ohio State University, 140 W. 19th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - L. James Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Ohio State University, 140 W. 19th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Kurt W. Koelling
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Ohio State University, 140 W. 19th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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32
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Vogt BD, RamachandraRao VS, Gupta RR, Lavery KA, Francis TJ, Russell TP, Watkins JJ. Phase Behavior of Polystyrene-block-poly(n-alkyl methacrylate)s Dilated with Carbon Dioxide. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0300544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan D. Vogt
- Departments of Chemical Engineering and Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Vijayakumar S. RamachandraRao
- Departments of Chemical Engineering and Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Ravi R. Gupta
- Departments of Chemical Engineering and Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Kristopher A. Lavery
- Departments of Chemical Engineering and Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Timothy J. Francis
- Departments of Chemical Engineering and Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Thomas P. Russell
- Departments of Chemical Engineering and Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - James J. Watkins
- Departments of Chemical Engineering and Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
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33
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Gupta RR, Lavery KA, Francis TJ, Webster JRP, Smith GS, Russell TP, Watkins JJ. Self-Diffusion of Polystyrene in a CO2-Swollen Polystyrene Matrix: A Real Time Study Using Neutron Reflectivity. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma021215r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi R. Gupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003; ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didicot, Oxon, OX11 0QX, U.K.; and LANSCE, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - Kristopher A. Lavery
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003; ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didicot, Oxon, OX11 0QX, U.K.; and LANSCE, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - Timothy J. Francis
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003; ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didicot, Oxon, OX11 0QX, U.K.; and LANSCE, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - John R. P. Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003; ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didicot, Oxon, OX11 0QX, U.K.; and LANSCE, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - Gregory S. Smith
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003; ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didicot, Oxon, OX11 0QX, U.K.; and LANSCE, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - Thomas P. Russell
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003; ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didicot, Oxon, OX11 0QX, U.K.; and LANSCE, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - James J. Watkins
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003; ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didicot, Oxon, OX11 0QX, U.K.; and LANSCE, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
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34
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Vogt BD, Watkins JJ. Phase Behavior of Diblock Copolymers Dilated with Light Alkanes: Influence of Solvent Compressibility on Upper and Lower Ordering Transitions. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma012154k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan D. Vogt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - James J. Watkins
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
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35
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Lai C, Russel WB, Register RA. Phase Behavior of Styrene−Isoprene Diblock Copolymers in Strongly Selective Solvents. Macromolecules 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ma011696z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiajen Lai
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Princeton Materials Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544
| | - William B. Russel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Princeton Materials Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544
| | - Richard A. Register
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Princeton Materials Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544
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36
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RamachandraRao VS, Gupta RR, Russell TP, Watkins JJ. Enhancement of Diblock Copolymer Ordering Kinetics by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Annealing. Macromolecules 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ma011086z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vijayakumar S. RamachandraRao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Ravi R. Gupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Thomas P. Russell
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - James J. Watkins
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
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37
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Martinache JD, Royer JR, Siripurapu S, Hénon FE, Genzer J, Khan SA, Carbonell RG. Processing of Polyamide 11 with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. Ind Eng Chem Res 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ie010410b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme D. Martinache
- Department of Chemical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-7905, and Atofina Chemicals, Inc., King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, 19406-0936
| | - Joseph R. Royer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-7905, and Atofina Chemicals, Inc., King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, 19406-0936
| | - Srinivas Siripurapu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-7905, and Atofina Chemicals, Inc., King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, 19406-0936
| | - Florence E. Hénon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-7905, and Atofina Chemicals, Inc., King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, 19406-0936
| | - Jan Genzer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-7905, and Atofina Chemicals, Inc., King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, 19406-0936
| | - Saad A. Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-7905, and Atofina Chemicals, Inc., King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, 19406-0936
| | - Ruben G. Carbonell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-7905, and Atofina Chemicals, Inc., King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, 19406-0936
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38
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Mizumoto T, Sugimura N, Moritani M, Yasuda H, Sato Y, Masuoka H. Supercritical CO2-Induced Stereocomplex Formation of Highly Stereoregular Isotactic Poly(methyl methacrylate) and Syndiotactic Poly(methyl methacrylate) Blends: Effect of Molecular Weight on Crystalline Structure. Macromolecules 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ma002213e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hajime Yasuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
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39
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RamachandraRao VS, Watkins JJ. Phase Separation in Polystyrene−Poly(vinyl methyl ether) Blends Dilated with Compressed Carbon Dioxide. Macromolecules 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ma000066e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - James J. Watkins
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
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