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Affiliation(s)
- C. J. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street, SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Anna K. Huff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street, SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Rebecca M. Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street, SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Kenneth R. Leopold
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street, SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Al Lafi AG, Hay JN. Stereo-chemical contributions to the glass transition and liquid–liquid phase separation in high molecular weight poly(N-vinyl carbazole). RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra00097e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal history and purification effects on the structural properties of PVK were investigated. Liquid–liquid phase separation is suggested to occur by separation of isotactic rich segments from a matrix which is predominantly atactic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul G. Al Lafi
- Department of Chemistry
- Atomic Energy Commission
- Damascus
- Syrian Arab Republic
| | - James N. Hay
- College of Engineering and Physical Sciences
- School of Metallurgy and Materials
- University of Birmingham
- Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT
- UK
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3
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Abd El-Kader FH, Hakeem NA, Elashmawi IS, Menazea AA. Synthesis and characterization of PVK/AgNPs nanocomposites prepared by laser ablation. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 138:331-339. [PMID: 25506650 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.11.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanocomposites of Poly (n-vinylcarbazole) PVK/Ag nanoparticles were prepared by laser ablation of a silver plate in aqueous solution of chlorobenzene. The influences of laser parameters such as; time of irradiation, source power and wavelength (photon energy) on structural, morphological and optical properties have been investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and Photoluminescence (PL). A correlation between the investigated properties has been discussed. XRD, TEM and PL indicated that the complexation between AgNPs and PVK in the composite system is possible. Only the reflection peak at 2θ=38° of AgNPs appeared in the composite nanoparticles while the other reflection peaks were destroyed. The nanoparticles shape and size distribution were evaluated from TEM images. TEM analysis revealed a lower average particle size at long laser irradiation time 40min and short laser wavelength 532nm together with high laser power 570mW. From UV-Visible spectra the values of absorption coefficient, absorption edge and energy tail were calculated. The reduction of band tail value with increasing the laser ablation parameters confirms the decrease of the disorder in such composite system. The PL and UV-Vis. spectra confirm that nanocomposite samples showed quantum confinement effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- F H Abd El-Kader
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - N A Hakeem
- Spectroscopy Department, Physics Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - I S Elashmawi
- Spectroscopy Department, Physics Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt; Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Al-Ula, Madina, Saudi Arabia.
| | - A A Menazea
- Spectroscopy Department, Physics Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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Basavaraja C, Thinh PX, Huh DS. Characterization and electrical behavior of biodegradable poly(N-vinylcarbazole)/poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) composite films. Macromol Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-013-1061-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Grimsdale AC, Leok Chan K, Martin RE, Jokisz PG, Holmes AB. Synthesis of Light-Emitting Conjugated Polymers for Applications in Electroluminescent Devices. Chem Rev 2009; 109:897-1091. [PMID: 19228015 DOI: 10.1021/cr000013v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1724] [Impact Index Per Article: 114.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C. Grimsdale
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Victoria 3010, Australia; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Republic of Singapore 639798; Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE) and the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602; and F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, Discovery Chemistry, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Khai Leok Chan
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Victoria 3010, Australia; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Republic of Singapore 639798; Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE) and the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602; and F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, Discovery Chemistry, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rainer E. Martin
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Victoria 3010, Australia; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Republic of Singapore 639798; Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE) and the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602; and F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, Discovery Chemistry, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pawel G. Jokisz
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Victoria 3010, Australia; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Republic of Singapore 639798; Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE) and the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602; and F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, Discovery Chemistry, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrew B. Holmes
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Victoria 3010, Australia; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Republic of Singapore 639798; Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE) and the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602; and F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, Discovery Chemistry, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
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Feng M, Chen Y, He N, Gu L, Gao L, Hu Z, Lin Y, Zhuang X, Zhan H. Ultrasound‐assisted bulk synthesis of Cds‐PVK nanocomposites via RAFT polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Han Y, Wu G, Chen H, Wang M. Preparation and optoelectronic properties of a novel poly(N-vinylcarbazole) with covalently bonded titanium dioxide. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.28110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Zheng Y, Li Y, Pan L, Li Y. Synthesis of novel functional polyolefin containing carboxylic acid via Friedel–Crafts acylation reaction. POLYMER 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Shi W, Fan S, Huang F, Yang W, Liu R, Cao Y. Synthesis of novel triphenylamine-based conjugated polyelectrolytes and their application as hole-transport layers in polymeric light-emitting diodes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1039/b603704f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Grazulevicius J, Strohriegl P, Pielichowski J, Pielichowski K. Carbazole-containing polymers: synthesis, properties and applications. Prog Polym Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6700(03)00036-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 564] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
Recent and older literature (covering the last 12-13 years) in the field of mass spectra of random and block copolymers is reviewed. A detailed description is given of the information on copolymer properties that can be recovered from the analysis of the low-mass region of the spectrum (the region below 500 Da) and the high-mass region. The features of mass spectra of copolymers obtained by different synthetic routes are discussed, such as free radical, condensation, ring-chain equilibration, microbial synthesis, ring-opening, simple anionic, cationic, Ziegler-Natta, and/or metallocene catalysis, along with some random and block copolymers that occur in Nature. The emphasis is on copolymer composition and average molar mass determination, and on the benefits of coupling mass spectrometry (MS) with separation techniques such as size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio S Montaudo
- Instituto per la Chimica e la Tecnologia dei Materiali Polimerici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, viale A Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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Cheng J, Wang S, Li XY, Yan Y, Yang S, Yang C, Wang J, Ge W. Fast interfacial charge separation in chemically hybridized CdS-PVK nanocomposites studied by photoluminescence and photoconductivity measurements. Chem Phys Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(00)01391-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Wang S, Yang S, Yang C, Li Z, Wang J, Ge W. Poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) Photoconductivity Enhancement Induced by Doping with CdS Nanocrystals through Chemical Hybridization. J Phys Chem B 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0005064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suhua Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, and Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Shihe Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, and Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Chunlei Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, and Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Zongquan Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, and Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Jiannong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, and Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Weikun Ge
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, and Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Sulfonation of poly(N-vinylcarbazole) studied by combined time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2000; 72:4908-13. [PMID: 11055708 DOI: 10.1021/ac000152c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of sulfonated poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) samples have been systematically studied by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Negative TOF-SIMS results provided unambiguous evidence that sulfonate groups are chemically attached to the carbazole moiety of PVK. The positive SIMS spectrum of PVK was, however, little affected by the sulfonation reaction. The degree of sulfonation was quantitatively determined by XPS. Therefore, the combination of TOF-SIMS and XPS is useful to follow the sulfonation reaction, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The SIMS intensities of some characteristic fragments are linearly related to the degree of sulfonation, suggesting that quantitative analysis is possible from TOF-SIMS data.
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