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Zorova LD, Abramicheva PA, Andrianova NV, Babenko VA, Zorov SD, Pevzner IB, Popkov VA, Semenovich DS, Yakupova EI, Silachev DN, Plotnikov EY, Sukhikh GT, Zorov DB. Targeting Mitochondria for Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:444. [PMID: 38675106 PMCID: PMC11054825 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing accumulation of data on the exceptional importance of mitochondria in the occurrence and treatment of cancer, and in all lines of evidence for such participation, there are both energetic and non-bioenergetic functional features of mitochondria. This analytical review examines three specific features of adaptive mitochondrial changes in several malignant tumors. The first feature is characteristic of solid tumors, whose cells are forced to rebuild their energetics due to the absence of oxygen, namely, to activate the fumarate reductase pathway instead of the traditional succinate oxidase pathway that exists in aerobic conditions. For such a restructuring, the presence of a low-potential quinone is necessary, which cannot ensure the conventional conversion of succinate into fumarate but rather enables the reverse reaction, that is, the conversion of fumarate into succinate. In this scenario, complex I becomes the only generator of energy in mitochondria. The second feature is the increased proliferation in aggressive tumors of the so-called mitochondrial (peripheral) benzodiazepine receptor, also called translocator protein (TSPO) residing in the outer mitochondrial membrane, the function of which in oncogenic transformation stays mysterious. The third feature of tumor cells is the enhanced retention of certain molecules, in particular mitochondrially directed cations similar to rhodamine 123, which allows for the selective accumulation of anticancer drugs in mitochondria. These three features of mitochondria can be targets for the development of an anti-cancer strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljubava D. Zorova
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (P.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (S.D.Z.); (I.B.P.); (V.A.P.); (D.S.S.); (E.I.Y.); (D.N.S.); (E.Y.P.)
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Polina A. Abramicheva
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (P.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (S.D.Z.); (I.B.P.); (V.A.P.); (D.S.S.); (E.I.Y.); (D.N.S.); (E.Y.P.)
| | - Nadezda V. Andrianova
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (P.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (S.D.Z.); (I.B.P.); (V.A.P.); (D.S.S.); (E.I.Y.); (D.N.S.); (E.Y.P.)
| | - Valentina A. Babenko
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (P.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (S.D.Z.); (I.B.P.); (V.A.P.); (D.S.S.); (E.I.Y.); (D.N.S.); (E.Y.P.)
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Savva D. Zorov
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (P.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (S.D.Z.); (I.B.P.); (V.A.P.); (D.S.S.); (E.I.Y.); (D.N.S.); (E.Y.P.)
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina B. Pevzner
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (P.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (S.D.Z.); (I.B.P.); (V.A.P.); (D.S.S.); (E.I.Y.); (D.N.S.); (E.Y.P.)
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasily A. Popkov
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (P.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (S.D.Z.); (I.B.P.); (V.A.P.); (D.S.S.); (E.I.Y.); (D.N.S.); (E.Y.P.)
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry S. Semenovich
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (P.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (S.D.Z.); (I.B.P.); (V.A.P.); (D.S.S.); (E.I.Y.); (D.N.S.); (E.Y.P.)
| | - Elmira I. Yakupova
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (P.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (S.D.Z.); (I.B.P.); (V.A.P.); (D.S.S.); (E.I.Y.); (D.N.S.); (E.Y.P.)
| | - Denis N. Silachev
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (P.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (S.D.Z.); (I.B.P.); (V.A.P.); (D.S.S.); (E.I.Y.); (D.N.S.); (E.Y.P.)
| | - Egor Y. Plotnikov
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (P.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (S.D.Z.); (I.B.P.); (V.A.P.); (D.S.S.); (E.I.Y.); (D.N.S.); (E.Y.P.)
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gennady T. Sukhikh
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry B. Zorov
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (P.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (S.D.Z.); (I.B.P.); (V.A.P.); (D.S.S.); (E.I.Y.); (D.N.S.); (E.Y.P.)
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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Liu X, Lu Y, Li X, Luo L, You J. Nanoplatform-enhanced photodynamic therapy for the induction of immunogenic cell death. J Control Release 2024; 365:1058-1073. [PMID: 38056695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
As an efficient, non-invasive, low-side-effect, and highly selective cancer therapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT) is used to treat various malignant tumors. However, the inefficiency of dealing with deep tumors and metastatic lesions highly limits the use of PDT. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a particular form of tumor cell death that could elicit a tumor-special immune response, leading to a systemic anti-tumor effect and providing therapeutic benefits for metastatic lesions. In this regard, it is crucial to enhance the ability of PDT to induce ICD. Luckily, advanced nanotechnology created many promising ways to improve the immunogenicity of PDT and achieve photoimmunotherapy. This review summarizes the emerging strategies for triggering immunogenic cell death via nanoplatform-enhanced PDT, with particular emphasis on their advantages in photoimmunotherapy. We highlight the nanoplatforms classified according to the basic principles of photodynamic therapy and immunogenic cell death, which provides a valuable reference for the design of nanoplatform for photoimmunotherapy. In addition, we also discuss the current situation and prospect of nano-based photoimmunotherapy in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yichao Lu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Lihua Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China; Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, 498 Yiwu Street, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321299, P. R. China.
| | - Jian You
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China; State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P. R. China; The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 QingChun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P. R. China; Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, 498 Yiwu Street, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321299, P. R. China.
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Wang Y, Staudinger JN, Mindt TL, Gasser G. Theranostics with photodynamic therapy for personalized medicine: to see and to treat. Theranostics 2023; 13:5501-5544. [PMID: 37908729 PMCID: PMC10614685 DOI: 10.7150/thno.87363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is an approved treatment modality, which is presently receiving great attention due to its limited invasiveness, high selectivity and limited susceptibility to drug resistance. Another related research area currently expanding rapidly is the development of novel theranostic agents based on the combination of PDT with different imaging technologies, which allows for both therapy and diagnosis. This combination can help to address issues of suboptimal biodistribution and selectivity through regional imaging, while therapeutic agents enable an effective and personalized therapy. In this review, we describe compounds, whose structures combine PDT photosensitizers with different imaging probes - including examples for near-infrared optical imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and nuclear imaging (PET or SPECT), generating novel theranostic drug candidates. We have intentionally focused our attention on novel compounds, which have already been investigated preclinically in vivo in order to demonstrate the potential of such theranostic agents for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youchao Wang
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Johannes Nikodemus Staudinger
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas L. Mindt
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Joint Applied Medicinal Radiochemistry Facility, University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 42, and Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, 75005 Paris, France
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Toubia I, Nguyen C, Diring S, Onofre M, Daurat M, Gauthier C, Gary-Bobo M, Kobeissi M, Odobel F. Development of targeted photodynamic therapy drugs by combining a zinc phthalocyanine sensitizer with TSPO or EGFR binding groups: the impact of the number of targeting agents on biological activity. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:6509-6523. [PMID: 37341568 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00565h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Drug-targeted delivery has become a top priority in the world of medicine in order to develop more efficient therapeutic agents. This is important as a critical underlying problem in cancer therapy stems from the inability to deliver active therapeutic substances directly to tumor cells without causing collateral damage. In this work, zinc(II) phthalocyanine (ZnPc) was selected as a sensitizer and was linked to different targeting agents, which would be recognized by overexpressed proteins in cancer cells. As targeting agents, we first selected the two ligands (DAA1106, PK11195) of the translocator protein (TSPO) and then Erlotinib a binding group of the ATP domain of tyrosine kinase in epidermal growth factor (EGFR). ZnPc was connected via an ethylene glycol chain to either one (n = 1) or four (n = 4) targeting agents. The biological activity of these conjugates ZnPc(ligand)n was investigated on MDA-MB-231 breast human cancer cells and human hepatoma HepG2 cells, first in the dark (cytotoxicity) and then under irradiation (photodynamic therapy). The dark cytotoxicity was extremely low (IC50 ≥ 50 μM) for all of these compounds, which is a required criterion for further photodynamic application. After irradiation at 650 nm, only the conjugates bearing one targeting ligand such as ZnPc-[DAA1106]1, ZnPc-[PK11195]1, and ZnPc-[Erlo]1 showed photodynamic activity, while those linked to 4 targeting agents were inactive. Importantly, fluorescence imaging microscopy showed the colocalization of ZnPc-[DAA1106]1, ZnPc-[PK11195]1 and ZnPc-[erlo]1, at mitochondria, a result that justifies the observed photodynamic activity of these conjugates. This study first shows the impact of the number and the mode of organization of targeting agents on the ability of the sensitizer to cross the cell membrane. When zinc(II) phthalocyanine carries a single targeting agent, a significant photodynamic activity on MDA-MB-231 breast human cancer cells was measured and localization at the mitochondria was demonstrated by fluorescence imaging, thus proving the potential of the sensitizer linked to a targeting agent to improve selectivity. Another important conclusion from this study for the design of future effective PDT drugs using multivalence effects is to control the arrangement of the targeting agents in order to design molecules that will be able to pass the cell membrane barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Toubia
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM, Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité, Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation, UMR 6230, 2, rue de la Houssinière - BP 92208, F-44000 NANTES, France.
- Laboratoire RammalRammal, Equipe de Synthèse Organique Appliquée SOA, Université Libanaise, Faculté des Sciences 5, Nabatieh, Lebanon.
| | | | - Stéphane Diring
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM, Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité, Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation, UMR 6230, 2, rue de la Houssinière - BP 92208, F-44000 NANTES, France.
| | - Mélanie Onofre
- IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
| | - Morgane Daurat
- NanoMedSyn, 15 avenue Charles Flahault, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Corentin Gauthier
- IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
- NanoMedSyn, 15 avenue Charles Flahault, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | | | - Marwan Kobeissi
- Laboratoire RammalRammal, Equipe de Synthèse Organique Appliquée SOA, Université Libanaise, Faculté des Sciences 5, Nabatieh, Lebanon.
| | - Fabrice Odobel
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM, Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité, Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation, UMR 6230, 2, rue de la Houssinière - BP 92208, F-44000 NANTES, France.
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Yan W, Luo H, Wu Q, Liu L, Li J, Wei J. Cp*Rh III-Catalyzed Cascade Annulation of Arylimidates with Pyridotriazoles toward Isoquinolin-3-ol Derivatives. J Org Chem 2022; 87:10858-10868. [PMID: 35948053 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A Cp*RhIII-catalyzed efficient synthesis of isoquinolin-3-ol derivatives bearing a pyridinyl ring using imidate as a directing group under C-H activation strategy with pyridotriazoles as carbene reagents is reported. In this reaction, cascade C-H activation, regioselective cyclization, and elimination occur in one pot. The present methodology featured a good range of functional group tolerance and furnished the target products in moderate-to-excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidan Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Hong Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Qiling Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Liansheng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Junfa Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
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Gao N, Chu X, Liu Y, Li J, Wang J. Regio- and Stereoselective Aryl(aroyl)methylenenation of Pyropheophorbide and Syntheses of Chlorophyllous Chlorin Derivatives. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202109052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zhang D, Xie Q, Liu Y, Li Z, Li H, Li S, Li Z, Cui J, Su M, Jiang X, Xue P, Bai M. Photosensitizer IR700DX-6T- and IR700DX-mbc94-mediated photodynamic therapy markedly elicits anticancer immune responses during treatment of pancreatic cancer. Pharmacol Res 2021; 172:105811. [PMID: 34390852 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS IR700DX-6T and IR700DX-mbc94 are two chemically synthesized photosensitizers (PSs) that target the translocator protein (TSPO) and type 2 cannabinoid receptor (CB2R), respectively, for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer. Recently, we found that IR700DX-6T and IR700DX-mbc94 exhibited high selectivity and efficiency in PDT for breast cancer and malignant astrocytoma. Yet, the phototherapeutic effects of the PSs on pancreatic cancer and underlying mechanisms remain unknown. This study investigated the effect of IR700DX-6T- or IR700DX-mbc94-PDT on pancreatic cancer and whether the treatment involves eliciting anticancer immune responses in support of superior therapeutic efficacy. METHODS Four pancreatic cancer cell lines were used for in vitro studies. C57BL/6 mice bearing pancreatic cancer cell-derived xenografts were generated for in vivo studies regarding the therapeutic effects of IR700DX-6T-PDT and IR700DX-mbc94-PDT on pancreatic cancer. The immunostimulatory or immunosuppressive effects of IR700DX-6T-PDT and IR700DX-mbc94-PDT were examined by detecting CD8+ T cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and dendritic cells (DCs) using flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS TSPO and CB2R were markedly upregulated in pancreatic cancer cells and tissues. Both IR700DX-6T-PDT and IR700DX-mbc94-PDT significantly inhibited pancreatic cancer cell growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Notably, assessment of anticancer immune responses revealed that both IR700DX-6T-PDT and IR700DX-mbc94-PDT significantly induced CD8+ T cells, promoted maturation of DCs, and suppressed Tregs, with stronger effects exerted by IR700DX-6T-PDT compared to IR700DX-mbc94-PDT. CONCLUSIONS IR700DX-6T-PDT and IR700DX-mbc94-PDT involves eliciting anticancer immune responses. Our study has also implicated that PDT in combination with immunotherapy holds promise to improve therapeutic efficacy for patients with pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, China; Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Qing Xie
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Zongyan Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510650, China
| | - Shiying Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Fourth General Surgery Department, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, China
| | - Jing Cui
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Meng Su
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, China
| | - Ping Xue
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, China.
| | - Mingfeng Bai
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Sarbadhikary P, George BP, Abrahamse H. Recent Advances in Photosensitizers as Multifunctional Theranostic Agents for Imaging-Guided Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer. Theranostics 2021; 11:9054-9088. [PMID: 34522227 PMCID: PMC8419035 DOI: 10.7150/thno.62479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years tremendous effort has been invested in the field of cancer diagnosis and treatment with an overall goal of improving cancer management, therapeutic outcome, patient survival, and quality of life. Photodynamic Therapy (PDT), which works on the principle of light-induced activation of photosensitizers (PS) leading to Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) mediated cancer cell killing has received increased attention as a promising alternative to overcome several limitations of conventional cancer therapies. Compared to conventional therapies, PDT offers the advantages of selectivity, minimal invasiveness, localized treatment, and spatio-temporal control which minimizes the overall therapeutic side effects and can be repeated as needed without interfering with other treatments and inducing treatment resistance. Overall PDT efficacy requires proper planning of various parameters like localization and concentration of PS at the tumor site, light dose, oxygen concentration and heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment, which can be achieved with advanced imaging techniques. Consequently, there has been tremendous interest in the rationale design of PS formulations to exploit their theranostic potential to unleash the imperative contribution of medical imaging in the context of successful PDT outcomes. Further, recent advances in PS formulations as activatable phototheranostic agents have shown promising potential for finely controlled imaging-guided PDT due to their propensity to specifically turning on diagnostic signals simultaneously with photodynamic effects in response to the tumor-specific stimuli. In this review, we have summarized the recent progress in the development of PS-based multifunctional theranostic agents for biomedical applications in multimodal imaging combined with PDT. We also present the role of different imaging modalities; magnetic resonance, optical, nuclear, acoustic, and photoacoustic in improving the pre-and post-PDT effects. We anticipate that the information presented in this review will encourage future development and design of PSs for improved image-guided PDT for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Blassan P. George
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
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Yang Z, Zhou H, He M, Li J, Yang Z, Wu Y. One‐pot Synthesis of 3‐Acylsilane‐Substituted Isoquinolines via Rhodium (III)‐Catalyzed C−H Activation/Annulation of
O
‐pivaloyl Oximes With Acryloylsilanes. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zengbao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University No. 17 Southern Renmin Road 610041 Chengdu Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University No. 17 Southern Renmin Road 610041 Chengdu Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Maoyao He
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University No. 17 Southern Renmin Road 610041 Chengdu Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Jianglian Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University No. 17 Southern Renmin Road 610041 Chengdu Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Zhongzhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University No. 17 Southern Renmin Road 610041 Chengdu Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Yong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University No. 17 Southern Renmin Road 610041 Chengdu Sichuan P. R. China
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Deshmukh DS, Gangwar N, Bhanage BM. N-Tosylhydrazone as an oxidizing directing group for the redox-neutral access to isoquinolines via Cp∗Co(III)-Catalyzed C–H/N–N activation. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2021.100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Nie B, Wu W, Zeng W, Ren Q, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Jiang H. Synthesis of Isoquinoline Derivatives via Palladium‐Catalyzed C−H/C−N Bond Activation of
N
‐Acyl Hydrazones with
α
‐Substituted Vinyl Azides. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Biao Nie
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Wanqing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyun Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development Dongguan 523871 People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development Dongguan 523871 People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development Dongguan 523871 People's Republic of China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University) Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
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12
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Belykh DV. C–O, C–S, C–N, and C–C Bond Formation at the Periphery of the Macrocycle during Chemical Modification of Phytochlorins: Key Methods and Synthetic Applications. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363219120430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Deshmukh DS, Gangwar N, Bhanage BM. Rapid and Atom Economic Synthesis of Isoquinolines and Isoquinolinones by C-H/N-N Activation Using a Homogeneous Recyclable Ruthenium Catalyst in PEG Media. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dewal S. Deshmukh
- Department of Chemistry; Institute of Chemical Technology; -400019 Mumbai India
| | - Neha Gangwar
- Department of Chemistry; Institute of Chemical Technology; -400019 Mumbai India
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14
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Deshmukh DS, Yadav PA, Bhanage BM. Cp*Co(iii)-catalyzed annulation of azines by C–H/N–N bond activation for the synthesis of isoquinolines. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:3489-3496. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00174c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An atom economic and external oxidant free methodology has been developed for the synthesis of isoquinolines by Cp*Co(iii) catalyzed annulation of azines via C–H/N–N activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewal S. Deshmukh
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Chemical Technology (ICT)
- Mumbai
- India
| | - Prashant A. Yadav
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Chemical Technology (ICT)
- Mumbai
- India
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15
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Deshmukh DS, Bhanage BM. N-Tosylhydrazone directed annulation via C–H/N–N bond activation in Ru(ii)/PEG-400 as homogeneous recyclable catalytic system: a green synthesis of isoquinolines. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:4864-4873. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01082j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A green and sustainable methodology for the synthesis of isoquinolines using Ru(ii)/PEG-400 as homogeneous recyclable catalytic system and N-tosylhydrazone, a rarely explored directing group has been reported.
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16
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Foss CA, Liu L, Mease RC, Wang H, Pasricha P, Pomper MG. Imaging Macrophage Accumulation in a Murine Model of Chronic Pancreatitis with 125I-Iodo-DPA-713 SPECT/CT. J Nucl Med 2017; 58:1685-1690. [PMID: 28522739 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.189571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatitis remains a diagnostic challenge in patients with mild to moderate disease, with current imaging modalities being inadequate. Given the prominent macrophage infiltration in chronic pancreatitis, we hypothesized that 125I-iodo-DPA-713, a small-molecule radiotracer that specifically targets macrophages, could be used with SPECT/CT to image pancreatic inflammation in a relevant experimental model. Methods: Chronic pancreatitis was induced with cerulein in C57BL/6 mice, which were contrasted with saline-injected control mice. The animals were imaged at 7 wk after induction using N,N-diethyl-2-(2-(3-125I-iodo-4-methoxyphenyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)acetamide (125I-iodo-DPA-713) SPECT/CT or 18F-FDG PET/CT. The biodistribution of 125I-iodo-DPA-713 was determined under the same conditions, and a pair of mice was imaged using a fluorescent analog of 125I-iodo-DPA-713, DPA-713-IRDye800CW, for correlative histology. Results: Pancreatic 125I-iodo-DPA-713 uptake was significantly higher in treated mice than control mice (5.17% ± 1.18% vs. 2.41% ± 0.34% injected dose/g, P = 0.02), as corroborated by imaging. Mice imaged with 18F-FDG PET/CT showed cerulein-enhanced pancreatic uptake in addition to a moderate signal from healthy pancreas. Near-infrared fluorescence imaging with DPA-713-IRDye800CW showed strong pancreatic uptake, focal liver uptake, and gastrointestinal uptake in the treated mice, whereas the control mice showed only urinary excretion. Ex vivo fluorescence microscopy revealed a large influx of macrophages in the pancreas colocalizing with the retained fluorescent probe in the treated but not the control mice. Conclusion: These data support the application of both 125I-iodo-DPA-713 SPECT/CT and DPA-713-IRDye800CW near-infrared fluorescence to delineate pancreatic, liver, or intestinal inflammation in living mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Foss
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Liansheng Liu
- Center for Neurogastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ronnie C Mease
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Haofan Wang
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Pankaj Pasricha
- Center for Neurogastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Martin G Pomper
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland; and
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17
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Saenz C, Cheruku RR, Ohulchanskyy TY, Joshi P, Tabaczynski WA, Missert JR, Chen Y, Pera P, Tracy E, Marko A, Rohrbach D, Sunar U, Baumann H, Pandey RK. Structural and Epimeric Isomers of HPPH [3-Devinyl 3-{1-(1-hexyloxy) ethyl}pyropheophorbide-a]: Effects on Uptake and Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:933-946. [PMID: 28165706 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The tetrapyrrole structure of porphyrins used as photosentizing agents is thought to determine uptake and retention by malignant epithelial cancer cells. To assess the contribution of the oxidized state of individual rings to these cellular processes, bacteriochlorophyll a was converted into the ring "D" reduced 3-devinyl-3-[1-(1-hexyloxy)ethyl]pyropheophorbide-a (HPPH) and the corresponding ring "B" reduced isomer (iso-HPPH). The carboxylic acid analogs of both ring "B" and ring "D" reduced isomers showed several-fold higher accumulation into the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum by primary culture of human lung and head and neck cancer cells than the corresponding methyl ester analogs that localize primarily to granular vesicles and to a lesser extent to mitochondria. However, long-term cellular retention of these compounds exhibited an inverse relationship with tumor cells generally retaining better the methyl-ester derivatives. In vivo distribution and tumor uptake was evaluated in the isogenic model of BALB/c mice bearing Colon26 tumors using the respective 14C-labeled analogs. Both carboxylic acid derivatives demonstrated similar intracellular localization and long-term tumor cure with no significant skin phototoxicity. PDT-mediated tumor action involved vascular damage, which was confirmed by a reduction in blood flow and immunohistochemical assessment of damage to the vascular endothelium. The HPPH stereoisomers (epimers) showed identical uptake (in vitro & in vivo), intracellular retention and photoreaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tymish Y. Ohulchanskyy
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China 518060
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, SUNY at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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18
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Nuclear medicine for photodynamic therapy in cancer: Planning, monitoring and nuclear PDT. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2017; 18:236-243. [PMID: 28300723 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a modality with promising results for the treatment of various cancers. PDT is increasingly included in the standard of care for different pathologies. This therapy relies on the effects of light delivered to photosensitized cells. At different stages of delivery, PDT requires imaging to plan, evaluate and monitor treatment. The contribution of molecular imaging in this context is important and continues to increase. In this article, we review the contribution of nuclear medicine imaging in oncology to PDT for planning and therapeutic monitoring purposes. Several solutions have been proposed to plan PDT from nuclear medicine imaging. For instance, photosensitizer biodistribution has been evaluated with a radiolabeled photosensitizer or with conventional radiopharmaceuticals on positron emission tomography. The effects of PDT delivery have also been explored with specific SPECT or PET radiopharmaceuticals to evaluate the effects on cells (apoptosis, necrosis, proliferation, metabolism) or vascular damage. Finally, the synergy between photosensitizers and radiopharmaceuticals has been studied considering the Cerenkov effect to activate photosensitized cells.
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19
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van Straten D, Mashayekhi V, de Bruijn HS, Oliveira S, Robinson DJ. Oncologic Photodynamic Therapy: Basic Principles, Current Clinical Status and Future Directions. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9020019. [PMID: 28218708 PMCID: PMC5332942 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9020019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 597] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically approved cancer therapy, based on a photochemical reaction between a light activatable molecule or photosensitizer, light, and molecular oxygen. When these three harmless components are present together, reactive oxygen species are formed. These can directly damage cells and/or vasculature, and induce inflammatory and immune responses. PDT is a two-stage procedure, which starts with photosensitizer administration followed by a locally directed light exposure, with the aim of confined tumor destruction. Since its regulatory approval, over 30 years ago, PDT has been the subject of numerous studies and has proven to be an effective form of cancer therapy. This review provides an overview of the clinical trials conducted over the last 10 years, illustrating how PDT is applied in the clinic today. Furthermore, examples from ongoing clinical trials and the most recent preclinical studies are presented, to show the directions, in which PDT is headed, in the near and distant future. Despite the clinical success reported, PDT is still currently underutilized in the clinic. We also discuss the factors that hamper the exploration of this effective therapy and what should be changed to render it a more effective and more widely available option for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demian van Straten
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands.
| | - Vida Mashayekhi
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands.
| | - Henriette S de Bruijn
- Center for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Postbox 204, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands.
| | - Sabrina Oliveira
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands.
- Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CG, The Netherlands.
| | - Dominic J Robinson
- Center for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Postbox 204, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands.
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20
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Kim T, Pae AN. Translocator protein (TSPO) ligands for the diagnosis or treatment of neurodegenerative diseases: a patent review (2010-2015; part 1). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2016; 26:1325-1351. [PMID: 27607364 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2016.1230606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The translocator protein (TSPO) is an emerging target in diverse neurodegenerative diseases. Up-regulated TSPO in the central nervous system (CNS) appears to be involved in neuroinflammatory processes; therefore, the development of potent TSPO ligands is a promising method for alleviating or imaging patients with neurodegenerative diseases. Areas covered: This review will provide an overview of recently developed TSPO ligands patented from 2010 to 2015. Part 1 will present a summary focusing on TSPO ligands other than indole-based or cholesterol-like compounds, which will be discussed in part 2. Part 1 covers diverse benzodiazepine-derived analogues such as isoquinoline carboxamides and aryloxyanilides. Moreover, bicyclic ring structures such as imidazopyridine, pyrazolopyrimidine, and phenylpurine will be highlighted as promising scaffolds for TSPO ligands. A brief analysis of currently reported TSPO structures will also be covered in part 1. Expert opinion: Although the underlying pharmacological mechanism of TSPO remains to be elucidated, several TSPO ligands have shown therapeutic efficacy in experimental animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, radioactive TSPO ligands have been extensively studied for the diagnosis of neurodegenerative processes. Thus, further studies on both the basic and applied mechanisms of TSPO are warranted in the pursuit of successful pharmacological applications of TSPO ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- TaeHun Kim
- a Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia , Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Seongbuk-Gu , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,b Biological Chemistry , Korea University of Science and Technology , Yuseong-Gu , Daejon , Republic of Korea
| | - Ae Nim Pae
- a Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia , Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Seongbuk-Gu , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,b Biological Chemistry , Korea University of Science and Technology , Yuseong-Gu , Daejon , Republic of Korea
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21
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Obaid G, Broekgaarden M, Bulin AL, Huang HC, Kuriakose J, Liu J, Hasan T. Photonanomedicine: a convergence of photodynamic therapy and nanotechnology. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:12471-503. [PMID: 27328309 PMCID: PMC4956486 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr08691d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
As clinical nanomedicine has emerged over the past two decades, phototherapeutic advancements using nanotechnology have also evolved and impacted disease management. Because of unique features attributable to the light activation process of molecules, photonanomedicine (PNM) holds significant promise as a personalized, image-guided therapeutic approach for cancer and non-cancer pathologies. The convergence of advanced photochemical therapies such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) and imaging modalities with sophisticated nanotechnologies is enabling the ongoing evolution of fundamental PNM formulations, such as Visudyne®, into progressive forward-looking platforms that integrate theranostics (therapeutics and diagnostics), molecular selectivity, the spatiotemporally controlled release of synergistic therapeutics, along with regulated, sustained drug dosing. Considering that the envisioned goal of these integrated platforms is proving to be realistic, this review will discuss how PNM has evolved over the years as a preclinical and clinical amalgamation of nanotechnology with PDT. The encouraging investigations that emphasize the potent synergy between photochemistry and nanotherapeutics, in addition to the growing realization of the value of these multi-faceted theranostic nanoplatforms, will assist in driving PNM formulations into mainstream oncological clinical practice as a necessary tool in the medical armamentarium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Harvard Medical School, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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22
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Meng Z, Yu B, Han G, Liu M, Shan B, Dong G, Miao Z, Jia N, Tan Z, Li B, Zhang W, Zhu H, Sheng C, Yao J. Chlorin p6-Based Water-Soluble Amino Acid Derivatives as Potent Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy. J Med Chem 2016; 59:4999-5010. [PMID: 27136389 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of novel photosensitizer with high phototoxicity, low dark toxicity, and good water solubility is a challenging task for photodynamic therapy (PDT). A series of chlorin p6-based water-soluble amino acid conjugates were synthesized and investigated for antitumor activity. Among them, aspartylchlorin p6 dimethylester (7b) showed highest phototoxicity against melanoma cells with weakest dark toxicity, which was more phototoxic than verteporfin while with less dark toxicity. It also exhibited better in vivo PDT antitumor efficacy on mice bearing B16-F10 tumor than verteporfin. The biological assays revealed that 7b was localized in multiple subcellular organelles and could cause both cell necrosis and apoptosis after PDT in a dose-dependent manner, resulting in more effective cell destruction. As a result, 7b represents a promising photosensitizer for PDT applications because of its strong absorption in the phototherapeutic window, relatively high singlet oxygen quantum yield, highest dark toxicity/phototoxicity ratio, good water solubility, and excellent in vivo PDT antitumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Meng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University , 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guiyan Han
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Minghui Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , 1 Qiuyang Road, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Bin Shan
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , 1 Qiuyang Road, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Guoqiang Dong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhenyuan Miao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ningyang Jia
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University , 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zou Tan
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University , 32 Shangshan Road, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Buhong Li
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University , 32 Shangshan Road, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Wannian Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Haiying Zhu
- Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University , 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chunquan Sheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jianzhong Yao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
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Lin D, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Zhou J, Zhou L, Wei S. The substituted amino group type dependent sensitivity enhancing of cationic phthalocyanine derivatives for photodynamic activity. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Mao H, Gao M, Liu B, Xu B. Manganese(ii)-catalyzed modular synthesis of isoquinolines from vinyl isocyanides and hydrazines. Org Chem Front 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6qo00048g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient manganese(ii)-catalyzed oxidative radical cascade reaction was developed from vinyl isocyanides and hydrazines leading to the modular synthesis of multi-substituted isoquinolines, phenanthridines and pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Mao
- Department of Chemistry
- Innovative Drug Research Center
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Mingchun Gao
- Department of Chemistry
- Innovative Drug Research Center
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Bingxin Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- Innovative Drug Research Center
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Chemistry
- Innovative Drug Research Center
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
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25
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Zhang S, Yang L, Ling X, Shao P, Wang X, Edwards WB, Bai M. Tumor mitochondria-targeted photodynamic therapy with a translocator protein (TSPO)-specific photosensitizer. Acta Biomater 2015; 28:160-170. [PMID: 26432436 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been proven to be a minimally invasive and effective therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. It can be used alone or as a complement to conventional cancer treatments, such as surgical debulking and chemotherapy. The mitochondrion is an attractive target for developing novel PDT agents, as it produces energy for cells and regulates apoptosis. Current strategy of mitochondria targeting is mainly focused on utilizing cationic photosensitizers that bind to the negatively charged mitochondria membrane. However, such an approach is lack of selectivity of tumor cells. To minimize the damage on healthy tissues and improve therapeutic efficacy, an alternative targeting strategy with high tumor specificity is in critical need. Herein, we report a tumor mitochondria-specific PDT agent, IR700DX-6T, which targets the 18kDa mitochondrial translocator protein (TSPO). IR700DX-6T induced apoptotic cell death in TSPO-positive breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) but not TSPO-negative breast cancer cells (MCF-7). In vivo PDT study suggested that IR700DX-6T-mediated PDT significantly inhibited the growth of MDA-MB-231 tumors in a target-specific manner. These combined data suggest that this new TSPO-targeted photosensitizer has great potential in cancer treatment. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective and minimally invasive therapeutic technique for treating cancers. Mitochondrion is an attractive target for developing novel PDT agents, as it produces energy to cells and regulates apoptosis. Current mitochondria targeted photosensitizers (PSs) are based on cationic molecules, which interact with the negatively charged mitochondria membrane. However, such PSs are not specific for cancerous cells, which may result in unwanted side effects. In this study, we developed a tumor mitochondria-targeted PS, IR700DX-6T, which binds to translocator protein (TSPO). This agent effectively induced apoptosis in TSPO-positive cancer cells and significantly inhibited tumor growth in TSPO-positive tumor-bearing mice. These combined data suggest that IR700DX-6T could become a powerful tool in the treatment of multiple cancers that upregulate TSPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojuan Zhang
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Ling Yang
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaoxi Ling
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Pin Shao
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - W Barry Edwards
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Mingfeng Bai
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
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Banister SD, Beinat C, Wilkinson SM, Shen B, Bartoli C, Selleri S, Da Pozzo E, Martini C, Chin FT, Kassiou M. Ether analogues of DPA-714 with subnanomolar affinity for the translocator protein (TSPO). Eur J Med Chem 2015; 93:392-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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27
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The translocator protein as a potential molecular target for improved treatment efficacy in photodynamic therapy. Future Med Chem 2015; 6:775-92. [PMID: 24941872 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.14.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its serendipitous discovery over 30 years ago, the translocator protein (18 kDa) has been demonstrated to play an important role in a multitude of critical biological processes. Although implemented as a novel therapeutic and diagnostic tool for a variety of disease states, its most promising role is as a molecular target for anticancer treatments such as photodynamic therapy (PDT). This review gives an overview of the attempts made by researchers to design porphyrin-based photosensitizers for use as anticancer therapeutics in PDT as well as improved imaging agents for diagnostic purposes. With a better understanding of the structure and function of the translocator protein, the synthesis of porphyrins for use in PDT with optimum binding affinities will become ever more possible.
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Pagadala R, Kommidi DR, Rana S, Maddila S, Moodley B, Koorbanally NA, Jonnalagadda SB. Multicomponent synthesis of pyridines via diamine functionalized mesoporous ZrO2 domino intramolecular tandem Michael type addition. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra13552k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new and straightforward synthetic method was developed for the facile synthesis of heterocycle-fused pyridine derivatives in aqueous media from Knoevenagel condensation between an aromatic aldehyde and an active methylene compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramakanth Pagadala
- School of Chemistry & Physics
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban-4000
- South Africa
| | | | - Surjyakanta Rana
- School of Chemistry & Physics
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban-4000
- South Africa
| | - Suresh Maddila
- School of Chemistry & Physics
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban-4000
- South Africa
| | - Brenda Moodley
- School of Chemistry & Physics
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban-4000
- South Africa
| | - N. A. Koorbanally
- School of Chemistry & Physics
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban-4000
- South Africa
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Zhang J, Qian H, Liu Z, Xiong C, Zhang Y. Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed One-Pot Access to Isoquinolines and Heterocycle-Fused Pyridines in Aqueous Medium through C-H Cleavage. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Pitchaimani A, Renganathan A, Cinthaikinian S, Premkumar K. Photochemotherapeutic effects of UV-C on acridine orange in human breast cancer cells: potential application in anticancer therapy. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra01647e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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Vasdev N, Green DE, Vines DC, McLarty K, McCormick PN, Moran MD, Houle S, Wilson AA, Reilly RM. Positron-Emission Tomography Imaging of the TSPO with [18F]FEPPA in a Preclinical Breast Cancer Model. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2013; 28:254-9. [DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2012.1196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Neil Vasdev
- PET Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David E. Green
- STTARR Innovation Centre, Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Douglass C. Vines
- STTARR Innovation Centre, Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kristin McLarty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patrick N. McCormick
- PET Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew D. Moran
- PET Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sylvain Houle
- PET Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alan A. Wilson
- PET Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raymond M. Reilly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Kumar D, Mishra BA, Chandra Shekar KP, Kumar A, Akamatsu K, Kurihara R, Ito T. Novel porphyrin–psoralen conjugates: synthesis, DNA interaction and cytotoxicity studies. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:6675-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41224e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Zheng L, Ju J, Bin Y, Hua R. Synthesis of isoquinolines and heterocycle-fused pyridines via three-component cascade reaction of aryl ketones, hydroxylamine, and alkynes. J Org Chem 2012; 77:5794-800. [PMID: 22702218 DOI: 10.1021/jo3010414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
An efficient one-pot synthesis of isoquinolines and heterocycle-fused pyridines by three-component reaction of aryl ketones, hydroxylamine, and alkynes is developed. The reaction involves condensation of aryl ketones and hydroxylamine, rhodium(III)-catalyzed C-H bond activation of the in situ generated aryl ketone oximes, and cyclization with internal alkynes. This protocol enables rapid assembly of multisubstituted isoquinolines as well as γ-carbolines, furo[2,3-c]pyridines, thieno[2,3-c]pyridines, and benzofuro[2,3-c]pyridines from readily available substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyao Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, China
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