1
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Kobayakawa T, Tsuji K, Tamamura H. Design, synthesis and evaluation of bioactivity of peptidomimetics based on chloroalkene dipeptide isosteres. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 110:117811. [PMID: 38959684 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Ample biologically active peptides have been found, identified and modified for use in drug discovery to date. However, several factors, such as low metabolic stability due to proteolysis and non-specific interactions with multiple off-target molecules, might limit the therapeutic use of peptides. To enhance the stability and/or bioactivity of peptides, the development of "peptidomimetics," which mimick peptide molecules, is considered to be idealistic. Hence, chloroalkene dipeptide isosteres (CADIs) was designed, and their synthetic methods have been developed by us. Briefly, in a CADI an amide bond in peptides is replaced with a chloroalkene structure. CADIs might be superior mimetics of amide bonds because the Van der Waals radii (VDR) and the electronegativity value of a chlorine atom are close to those of the replaced oxygen atom. By a developed method of the "liner synthesis", N-tert-butylsulfonyl protected CADIs can be synthesized via a key reaction involving diastereoselective allylic alkylation using organocopper reagents. On the other hand, by a developed method of the "convergent synthesis", N-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc)-protected carboxylic acids can be also constructed based on N- and C-terminal analogues from corresponding amino acid starting materials via an Evans syn aldol reaction and the Ichikawa allylcyanate rearrangement reaction involving a [3.3] sigmatropic rearrangement. Notably, CADIs can also be applied for Fmoc-based solid-phase peptide synthesis and therefore introduced into bioactive peptides including as the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide and the amyloid β fragment Lys-Leu-Val-Phe-Phe (KLVFF) peptide, which are correlated with cell attachment and Alzheimer's disease (AD), respectively. These CADI-containing peptidomimetics stabilized the conformation and enhanced the potency of the cyclic RGD peptide and the cyclic KLVFF peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kobayakawa
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Kohei Tsuji
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tamamura
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
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2
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Kobayakawa T, Tamamura H. Chloroalkene dipeptide isosteres as peptidomimetics. Methods Enzymol 2021; 656:191-239. [PMID: 34325787 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2021.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
To date various biologically active peptides have been discovered, characterized and modified for drug discovery. However, the utilization of peptides as therapeutics involves some limitation due to several factors, including low metabolic stability owing to proteolysis and non-specific interactions with multiple off-target molecules. Hence, the development of "peptidomimetics," in which a part or whole of a molecule is modified, is a desirable strategy to enhance the stability or bioactivity of peptide-based drugs. In this situation, we have designed and developed a synthetic method for chloroalkene dipeptide isosteres (CADIs), which involves replacement of an amide bond in peptides with a chloroalkene structure and are classified as peptidomimetics. By a developed synthetic method, an N-tert-butylsulfonyl protected CADI can be obtained utilizing diastereoselective allylic alkylation with organocopper reagents as a key reaction. This CADI can be transformed into an N-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl protected CADI in short steps. In addition, CADIs are used in Fmoc-based solid-phase peptide synthesis and introduced into a bioactive peptide. Protocols for practical preparation of some CADIs and peptide mimetics containing a CADI are described as detailed recipes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kobayakawa
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tamamura
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.
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3
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Huh S, Appavoo SD, Yudin AK. Amidine Functionality As a Conformational Probe of Cyclic Peptides. Org Lett 2020; 22:9210-9214. [PMID: 33206539 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The amidine functionality switches between hydrogen bond donor and acceptor roles depending on pH. Herein, the amidine was incorporated to select amides in cyclo(d-Ala-Pro-d-Phe-Pro-Gly). The unprotonated amidine-containing macrocyclic conformation resembles its oxoamide counterpart. Upon protonation, minimal alterations in the macrocyclic conformation were observed despite changes to the hydrogen bond network. The amidine disrupts hydrogen bonding at minimal steric cost, making it a useful functionality to study the effect of hydrogen bonding on the macrocyclic conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjoon Huh
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Solomon D Appavoo
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Andrei K Yudin
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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4
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Wu R, Yu W, Yao C, Liang Z, Yoon Y, Xie Y, Shim H, Bai R. Amide-sulfamide modulators as effective anti-tumor metastatic agents targeting CXCR4/CXCL12 axis. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 185:111823. [PMID: 31698158 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy and the second common cause of death in women worldwide. High mortality in breast cancer is frequently associated with metastatic progression rather than the primary tumor itself. It has been recently identified that the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis plays a pivotal role in breast cancer metastasis, especially in directing metastatic cancer cells to CXCL12-riched organs and tissues. Herein, taking the amide-sulfamide as the lead structure, the second-round structural modifications to the sulfamide structure were performed to obtain more active CXCR4 modulators against tumor metastasis. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments illustrated that compound IIIe possessed potent CXCR4 binding affinity, excellent anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenetic activity against breast cancer. More importantly, in a mouse breast cancer lung metastasis model, compound IIIe exerted a significant inhibitory effect on breast cancer metastasis. Taken together, all these positive results demonstrated that developing of CXCR4 modulators is a promising strategy to mediate breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenyan Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuansheng Yao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongxing Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Younghyoun Yoon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hyunsuk Shim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Renren Bai
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
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5
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Fu Y, Li X, Chen H, Wang Z, Yang W, Zhang H. CXC Chemokine Receptor 4 Antagonist Functionalized Renal Clearable Manganese-Doped Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Active-Tumor-Targeting Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Bio-Photothermal Therapy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:3613-3621. [PMID: 35030748 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Hongda Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Zhenxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Wensheng Yang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Huimao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
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6
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Adlere I, Sun S, Zarca A, Roumen L, Gozelle M, Viciano CP, Caspar B, Arimont M, Bebelman JP, Briddon SJ, Hoffmann C, Hill SJ, Smit MJ, Vischer HF, Wijtmans M, de Graaf C, de Esch IJP, Leurs R. Structure-based exploration and pharmacological evaluation of N-substituted piperidin-4-yl-methanamine CXCR4 chemokine receptor antagonists. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 162:631-649. [PMID: 30476826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Using the available structural information of the chemokine receptor CXCR4, we present hit finding and hit exploration studies that make use of virtual fragment screening, design, synthesis and structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies. Fragment 2 was identified as virtual screening hit and used as a starting point for the exploration of 31 N-substituted piperidin-4-yl-methanamine derivatives to investigate and improve the interactions with the CXCR4 binding site. Additionally, subtle structural ligand changes lead to distinct interactions with CXCR4 resulting in a full to partial displacement of CXCL12 binding and competitive and/or non-competitive antagonism. Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) and binding model studies were used to identify important hydrophobic interactions that determine binding affinity and indicate key ligand-receptor interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Adlere
- Griffin Discoveries BV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S Sun
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A Zarca
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - L Roumen
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Gozelle
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06560, Ankara, Turkey
| | - C Perpiñá Viciano
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, CMB-Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 2, 07745, Jena, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - B Caspar
- Division of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - M Arimont
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J P Bebelman
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S J Briddon
- Division of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - C Hoffmann
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, CMB-Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 2, 07745, Jena, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - S J Hill
- Division of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - M J Smit
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - H F Vischer
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Wijtmans
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C de Graaf
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - I J P de Esch
- Griffin Discoveries BV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R Leurs
- Griffin Discoveries BV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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7
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Tamamura H, Kobayakawa T, Ohashi N. Introduction to Mid-size Drugs and Peptidomimetics. MID-SIZE DRUGS BASED ON PEPTIDES AND PEPTIDOMIMETICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-7691-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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8
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Tsou LK, Huang YH, Song JS, Ke YY, Huang JK, Shia KS. Harnessing CXCR4 antagonists in stem cell mobilization, HIV infection, ischemic diseases, and oncology. Med Res Rev 2017; 38:1188-1234. [PMID: 28768055 DOI: 10.1002/med.21464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CXCR4 antagonists (e.g., PlerixaforTM ) have been successfully validated as stem cell mobilizers for peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Applications of the CXCR4 antagonists have heralded the era of cell-based therapy and opened a potential therapeutic horizon for many unmet medical needs such as kidney injury, ischemic stroke, cancer, and myocardial infarction. In this review, we first introduce the central role of CXCR4 in diverse cellular signaling pathways and discuss its involvement in several disease progressions. We then highlight the molecular design and optimization strategies for targeting CXCR4 from a large number of case studies, concluding that polyamines are the preferred CXCR4-binding ligands compared to other structural options, presumably by mimicking the highly positively charged natural ligand CXCL12. These results could be further justified with computer-aided docking into the CXCR4 crystal structure wherein both major and minor subpockets of the binding cavity are considered functionally important. Finally, from the clinical point of view, CXCR4 antagonists could mobilize hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells with long-term repopulating capacity to the peripheral blood, promising to replace surgically obtained bone marrow cells as a preferred source for stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Kelvin Tsou
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | - Jen-Shin Song
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Yu Ke
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jing-Kai Huang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kak-Shan Shia
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan, ROC
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9
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Stereoselective synthesis of Xaa-Yaa type (Z)-chloroalkene dipeptide isosteres via efficient utilization of organocopper reagents mediated allylic alkylation. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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10
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Okano A, Isley NA, Boger DL. Total Syntheses of Vancomycin-Related Glycopeptide Antibiotics and Key Analogues. Chem Rev 2017; 117:11952-11993. [PMID: 28437097 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A review of efforts that have provided total syntheses of vancomycin and related glycopeptide antibiotics, their agylcons, and key analogues is provided. It is a tribute to developments in organic chemistry and the field of organic synthesis that not only can molecules of this complexity be prepared today by total synthesis but such efforts can be extended to the preparation of previously inaccessible key analogues that contain deep-seated structural changes. With the increasing prevalence of acquired bacterial resistance to existing classes of antibiotics and with the emergence of vancomycin-resistant pathogens (VRSA and VRE), the studies pave the way for the examination of synthetic analogues rationally designed to not only overcome vancomycin resistance but provide the foundation for the development of even more powerful and durable antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Okano
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Nicholas A Isley
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Dale L Boger
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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11
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Nelson AG, Zhang X, Ganapathi U, Szekely Z, Flexner CW, Owen A, Sinko PJ. Drug delivery strategies and systems for HIV/AIDS pre-exposure prophylaxis and treatment. J Control Release 2015; 219:669-680. [PMID: 26315816 PMCID: PMC4879940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The year 2016 will mark an important milestone - the 35th anniversary of the first reported cases of HIV/AIDS. Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) including Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) drug regimens is widely considered to be one of the greatest achievements in therapeutic drug research having transformed HIV infection into a chronically managed disease. Unfortunately, the lack of widespread preventive measures and the inability to eradicate HIV from infected cells highlight the significant challenges remaining today. Moving forward there are at least three high priority goals for anti-HIV drug delivery (DD) research: (1) to prevent new HIV infections from occurring, (2) to facilitate a functional cure, i.e., when HIV is present but the body controls it without drugs and (3) to eradicate established infection. Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) represents a significant step forward in preventing the establishment of chronic HIV infection. However, the ultimate success of PrEP will depend on achieving sustained antiretroviral (ARV) tissue concentrations and will require strict patient adherence to the regimen. While first generation long acting/extended release (LA/ER) DD Systems (DDS) currently in development show considerable promise, significant DD treatment and prevention challenges persist. First, there is a critical need to improve cell specificity through targeting in order to selectively achieve efficacious drug concentrations in HIV reservoir sites to control/eradicate HIV as well as mitigate systemic side effects. In addition, approaches for reducing cellular efflux and metabolism of ARV drugs to prolong effective concentrations in target cells need to be developed. Finally, given the current understanding of HIV pathogenesis, next generation anti-HIV DDS need to address selective DD to the gut mucosa and lymph nodes. The current review focuses on the DDS technologies, critical challenges, opportunities, strategies, and approaches by which novel delivery systems will help iterate towards prevention, functional cure and eventually the eradication of HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoinette G Nelson
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Usha Ganapathi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Zoltan Szekely
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Charles W Flexner
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Andrew Owen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Patrick J Sinko
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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12
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Progress toward rationally designed small-molecule peptide and peptidomimetic CXCR4 antagonists. Future Med Chem 2015; 7:1261-83. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.15.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last 5 years, X-ray structures of CXCR4 in complex with three different ligands (the small-molecule antagonist IT1t, the polypeptide antagonist CVX15 and the viral chemokine antagonist vMIP-II) have been released. In addition to the inherent scientific value of these specific X-ray structures, they provide a reliable structural foundation for studies of the molecular interactions between CXCR4 and its key peptide ligands (CXCL12 and HIV-1 gp120), and serve as valuable templates for further development of small-molecule CXCR4 antagonists with therapeutic potential. We here review recent computational studies of the molecular interactions between CXCR4 and its peptide ligands – based on the X-ray structures of CXCR4 – and the current status of small-molecule peptide and peptidomimetic CXCR4 antagonists.
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13
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Oishi S, Kuroyanagi T, Kubo T, Montpas N, Yoshikawa Y, Misu R, Kobayashi Y, Ohno H, Heveker N, Furuya T, Fujii N. Development of Novel CXC Chemokine Receptor 7 (CXCR7) Ligands: Selectivity Switch from CXCR4 Antagonists with a Cyclic Pentapeptide Scaffold. J Med Chem 2015; 58:5218-25. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Oishi
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kuroyanagi
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Kubo
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Nicolas Montpas
- Département
de Biochimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, H3T 1J4, Canada
- Research Centre,
Sainte-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Montréal, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Yasushi Yoshikawa
- Drug Discovery Department, Research & Development Division, PharmaDesign Inc., 2-19-8 Hatchobori, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0032, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Misu
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuka Kobayashi
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ohno
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Nikolaus Heveker
- Département
de Biochimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, H3T 1J4, Canada
- Research Centre,
Sainte-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Montréal, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Toshio Furuya
- Drug Discovery Department, Research & Development Division, PharmaDesign Inc., 2-19-8 Hatchobori, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0032, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Fujii
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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14
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Wu CH, Song JS, Chang KH, Jan JJ, Chen CT, Chou MC, Yeh KC, Wong YC, Tseng CT, Wu SH, Yeh CF, Huang CY, Wang MH, Sadani AA, Chang CP, Cheng CY, Tsou LK, Shia KS. Stem cell mobilizers targeting chemokine receptor CXCR4: renoprotective application in acute kidney injury. J Med Chem 2015; 58:2315-25. [PMID: 25686267 DOI: 10.1021/jm501769r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We have discovered a novel series of quinazoline-based CXCR4 antagonists. Of these, compound 19 mobilized CXCR4(+) cell types, including hematopoietic stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells, more efficiently than the marketed 1 (AMD3100) with subcutaneous administration at the same dose (6 mg/kg) in mice. This series of compounds thus provides a set of valuable tools to study diseases mediated by the CXCR4/SDF-1 axis, including myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and cancer metastasis. More importantly, treatment with compound 19 significantly lowered levels of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine in rats with renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, providing evidence for its therapeutic potential in preventing ischemic acute kidney injury. CXCR4 antagonists such as 19 might also be useful to increase circulating levels of adult stem cells, thereby exerting beneficial effects on damaged and/or inflamed tissues in diseases that currently are not treated by standard approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Huang Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes , Miaoli, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan R.O.C
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15
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Role of 3D Structures in Understanding, Predicting, and Designing Molecular Interactions in the Chemokine Receptor Family. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2014_77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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16
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Misu R, Oishi S, Yamada A, Yamamura T, Matsuda F, Yamamoto K, Noguchi T, Ohno H, Okamura H, Ohkura S, Fujii N. Development of Novel Neurokinin 3 Receptor (NK3R) Selective Agonists with Resistance to Proteolytic Degradation. J Med Chem 2014; 57:8646-51. [DOI: 10.1021/jm500771w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Misu
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shinya Oishi
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ai Yamada
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamamura
- Animal
Physiology Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba 305-0901, Japan
| | - Fuko Matsuda
- Graduate
School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Koki Yamamoto
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Taro Noguchi
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ohno
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Okamura
- Animal
Physiology Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba 305-0901, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ohkura
- Graduate
School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Fujii
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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17
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Deng F, Xie M, Zhang X, Li P, Tian Y, Zhai H, Li Y. Combined molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation and quantitative structure–activity relationship study of pyrimido[1,2-c][1,3]benzothiazin-6-imine derivatives as potent anti-HIV drugs. J Mol Struct 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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18
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von Recum HA, Pokorski JK. Peptide and protein-based inhibitors of HIV-1 co-receptors. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2013; 238:442-9. [PMID: 23856897 DOI: 10.1177/1535370213480696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) afflicts an estimated 30 million people globally, making it a continuing pandemic. Despite major research efforts, the rate of new infections has remained relatively static over time. This article reviews an emerging strategy for the treatment of HIV, the inhibition of the co-receptors necessary for HIV entry, CCR5 and CXCR4. The aim of this article is to highlight potential therapeutics derived from peptides and proteins that show particular promise in HIV treatment. Molecules that act on CCR5, CXCR4 or on both receptors will be discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horst A von Recum
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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19
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Mizuhara T, Kato T, Hirai A, Kurihara H, Shimada Y, Taniguchi M, Maeta H, Togami H, Shimura K, Matsuoka M, Okazaki S, Takeuchi T, Ohno H, Oishi S, Fujii N. Structure-activity relationship study of phenylpyrazole derivatives as a novel class of anti-HIV agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:4557-61. [PMID: 23845222 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The structure-activity relationship of phenylpyrazole derivative 1 was investigated for the development of novel anti-HIV agents. Initial efforts revealed that the diazenyl group can be replaced by an aminomethylene group. In addition, we synthesized various derivatives by the reductive amination of benzaldehydes with 5-aminopyrazoles and carried out parallel structural optimization on the benzyl group and the pyrazole ring. This optimization led to a six-fold more potent derivative 32j than the lead compound 1, and this derivative has a 3',4'-dichloro-(1,1'-biphenyl)-3-yl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Mizuhara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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20
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Design and synthesis of biotin- or alkyne-conjugated photoaffinity probes for studying the target molecules of PD 404182. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:2079-87. [PMID: 23403297 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 01/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the mechanism of action of the potent antiviral compound PD 404182, three novel photoaffinity probes equipped with a biotin or alkyne indicator were designed and synthesized based on previous structure-activity relationship studies. These probes retained the potent anti-HIV activity of the original pyrimidobenzothiazine derivatives. In photoaffinity labeling studies using HIV-1-infected H9 cells (H9IIIB), eight potential proteins were observed to bind PD 404182.
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21
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Debnath B, Xu S, Grande F, Garofalo A, Neamati N. Small molecule inhibitors of CXCR4. Am J Cancer Res 2013; 3:47-75. [PMID: 23382786 PMCID: PMC3563081 DOI: 10.7150/thno.5376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CXCR4 is a G-protein-coupled receptor involved in a number of physiological processes in the hematopoietic and immune systems. The SDF-1/CXCR4 axis is significantly associated with several diseases, such as HIV, cancer, WHIM syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, pulmonary fibrosis and lupus. For example, CXCR4 is one of the major co-receptors for HIV entry into target cells, while in cancer it plays an important role in tumor cell metastasis. Several promising CXCR4 antagonists have been developed to block SDF-1/CXCR4 interactions that are currently under different stages of development. The first in class CXCR4 antagonist, plerixafor, was approved by the FDA in 2008 for the mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells and several other drugs are currently in clinical trials for cancer, HIV, and WHIM syndrome. While the long-term safety data for the first generation CXCR4 antagonists are not yet available, several new compounds are under preclinical development in an attempt to provide safer and more efficient treatment options for HIV and cancer patients.
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22
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Mizuhara T, Oishi S, Ohno H, Shimura K, Matsuoka M, Fujii N. Structure-activity relationship study of pyrimido[1,2-c][1,3]benzothiazin-6-imine derivatives for potent anti-HIV agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:6434-41. [PMID: 23022280 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
3,4-Dihydro-2H,6H-pyrimido[1,2-c][1,3]benzothiazin-6-imine (PD 404182) is an antiretroviral agent with submicromolar inhibitory activity against human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) and HIV-2 infection. In the current study, the structure-activity relationships of accessory groups at the 3- and 9-positions of pyrimido[1,2-c][1,3]benzothiazin-6-imine were investigated for the development of more potent anti-HIV agents. Several different derivatives containing a 9-aryl group were designed and synthesized using Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling and Ullmann coupling reactions. Modification of the m-methoxyphenyl or benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl group resulted in improved anti-HIV activity. In addition, the 2,4-diazaspiro[5.5]undec-2-ene-fused benzo[e][1,3]thiazine derivatives were designed and tested for their anti-HIV activities. The most potent 9-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl) derivative was two-threefold more effective against several strains of HIV-1 and HIV-2 than the parent compound, PD 404182.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Mizuhara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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23
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Kuil J, Buckle T, van Leeuwen FWB. Imaging agents for the chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:5239-61. [PMID: 22743644 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35085h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between the chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1, also known as CXCL12) is a natural regulatory process in the human body. However, CXCR4 over-expression is also found in diseases such as cancer, where it plays a role in, among others, the metastatic spread. For this reason it is an interesting biomarker for the field of diagnostic oncology, and therefore, it is gaining increasing interest for applications in molecular imaging. Especially "small-molecule" imaging agents based on T140, FC131 and AMD3100 have been extensively studied. SDF-1, antibodies, pepducins and bioluminescence have also been used to visualize CXCR4. In this critical review reported CXCR4 targeting imaging agents are described based on their affinity, specificity and biodistribution. The level wherein CXCR4 is up-regulated in cancer patients and its relation to the different cell lines and animal models used to evaluate the efficacy of the imaging agents is also discussed (221 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joeri Kuil
- Department of Radiology, Interventional Molecular Imaging, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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24
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Kobayashi K, Oishi S, Hayashi R, Tomita K, Kubo T, Tanahara N, Ohno H, Yoshikawa Y, Furuya T, Hoshino M, Fujii N. Structure–Activity Relationship Study of a CXC Chemokine Receptor Type 4 Antagonist, FC131, Using a Series of Alkene Dipeptide Isosteres. J Med Chem 2012; 55:2746-57. [DOI: 10.1021/jm2016914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto
606-8501, Japan
| | - Shinya Oishi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto
606-8501, Japan
| | - Ryoko Hayashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto
606-8501, Japan
| | - Kenji Tomita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto
606-8501, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Kubo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto
606-8501, Japan
| | - Noriko Tanahara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto
606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ohno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto
606-8501, Japan
| | | | | | - Masaru Hoshino
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto
606-8501, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Fujii
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto
606-8501, Japan
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25
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Xie J, Okano A, Pierce JG, James RC, Stamm S, Crane CM, Boger DL. Total synthesis of [Ψ[C(═S)NH]Tpg4]vancomycin aglycon, [Ψ[C(═NH)NH]Tpg4]vancomycin aglycon, and related key compounds: reengineering vancomycin for dual D-Ala-D-Ala and D-Ala-D-Lac binding. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:1284-97. [PMID: 22188323 PMCID: PMC3262083 DOI: 10.1021/ja209937s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The total synthesis of [Ψ[C(═S)NH]Tpg(4)]vancomycin aglycon (8) and its unique AgOAc-promoted single-step conversion to [Ψ[C(═NH)NH]Tpg(4)]vancomycin aglycon (7), conducted on a fully deprotected substrate, are disclosed. The synthetic approach not only permits access to 7, but it also allows late-stage access to related residue 4 derivatives, alternative access to [Ψ[CH(2)NH]Tpg(4)]vancomycin aglycon (6) from a common late-stage intermediate, and provides authentic residue 4 thioamide and amidine derivatives of the vancomycin aglycon that will facilitate ongoing efforts on their semisynthetic preparation. In addition to early stage residue 4 thioamide introduction, allowing differentiation of one of seven amide bonds central to the vancomycin core structure, the approach relied on two aromatic nucleophilic substitution reactions for formation of the 16-membered diaryl ethers in the CD/DE ring systems, an effective macrolactamization for closure of the 12-membered biaryl AB ring system, and the defined order of CD, AB, and DE ring closures. This order of ring closures follows their increasing ease of thermal atropisomer equilibration, permitting the recycling of any newly generated unnatural atropisomer under progressively milder thermal conditions where the atropoisomer stereochemistry already set is not impacted. Full details of the evaluation of 7 and 8 along with several related key synthetic compounds containing the core residue 4 amidine and thioamide modifications are reported. The binding affinity of compounds containing the residue 4 amidine with the model D-Ala-D-Ala ligand 2 was found to be only 2-3 times less than the vancomycin aglycon (5), and this binding affinity is maintained with the model d-Ala-d-Lac ligand 4, representing a nearly 600-fold increase in affinity relative to the vancomycin aglycon. Importantly, the amidines display effective dual, balanced binding affinity for both ligands (K(a)2/4 = 0.9-1.05), and they exhibit potent antimicrobial activity against VanA resistant bacteria ( E. faecalis , VanA VRE) at a level accurately reflecting these binding characteristics (MIC = 0.3-0.6 μg/mL), charting a rational approach forward in the development of antibiotics for the treatment of vancomycin-resistant bacterial infections. In sharp contrast, 8 and related residue 4 thioamides failed to bind either 2 or 4 to any appreciable extent, do not exhibit antimicrobial activity, and serve to further underscore the remarkable behavior of the residue 4 amidines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xie
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Akinori Okano
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Joshua G. Pierce
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Robert C. James
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Simon Stamm
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Christine M. Crane
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Dale L. Boger
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
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26
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Oishi S, Fujii N. Peptide and peptidomimetic ligands for CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:5720-31. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25107h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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27
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Mizuhara T, Oishi S, Ohno H, Shimura K, Matsuoka M, Fujii N. Concise synthesis and anti-HIV activity of pyrimido[1,2-c][1,3]benzothiazin-6-imines and related tricyclic heterocycles. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:6792-802. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25904d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Xie J, Pierce JG, James RC, Okano A, Boger DL. A redesigned vancomycin engineered for dual D-Ala-D-ala And D-Ala-D-Lac binding exhibits potent antimicrobial activity against vancomycin-resistant bacteria. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:13946-9. [PMID: 21823662 DOI: 10.1021/ja207142h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of bacteria resistant to vancomycin, often the antibiotic of last resort, poses a major health problem. Vancomycin-resistant bacteria sense a glycopeptide antibiotic challenge and remodel their cell wall precursor peptidoglycan terminus from d-Ala-d-Ala to d-Ala-d-Lac, reducing the binding of vancomycin to its target 1000-fold and accounting for the loss in antimicrobial activity. Here, we report [Ψ[C(═NH)NH]Tpg(4)]vancomycin aglycon designed to exhibit the dual binding to d-Ala-d-Ala and d-Ala-d-Lac needed to reinstate activity against vancomycin-resistant bacteria. Its binding to a model d-Ala-d-Ala ligand was found to be only 2-fold less than vancomycin aglycon and this affinity was maintained with a model d-Ala-d-Lac ligand, representing a 600-fold increase relative to vancomycin aglycon. Accurately reflecting these binding characteristics, it exhibits potent antimicrobial activity against vancomycin-resistant bacteria (MIC = 0.31 μg/mL, VanA VRE). Thus, a complementary single atom exchange in the vancomycin core structure (O → NH) to counter the single atom exchange in the cell wall precursors of resistant bacteria (NH → O) reinstates potent antimicrobial activity and charts a rational path forward for the development of antibiotics for the treatment of vancomycin-resistant bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xie
- Department of Chemistry, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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