1
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Daher SS, Lee M, Jin X, Teijaro CN, Barnett PR, Freundlich JS, Andrade RB. Alternative approaches utilizing click chemistry to develop next-generation analogs of solithromycin. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 233:114213. [PMID: 35240514 PMCID: PMC9009214 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The marked rise in bacterial drug resistance has created an urgent need for novel antibacterials belonging to new drug classes and ideally possessing new mechanisms of action. The superior biological activity of solithromycin against streptococci and other bacteria causative of community-acquired pneumonia pathogens, compared to telithromycin and other macrolides encouraged us to extensively explore this class of antibiotics. We, thus, present the design and synthesis of a novel series of solithromycin analogs. Three main strategies were pursued in structure-activity relationship studies covering the N-11 side chain and the desosamine motif, which are both chief elements for establishing strong interactions with the bacterial ribosome as the molecular target. Minimal inhibitory concentration assays were determined to assess the in vitro potency of the various analogs in relation to solithromycin. Two analogs exhibited improved activity compared to solithromycin against resistant strains, which can be assessed in further pre-clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer S Daher
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA.
| | - Miseon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Xiao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | | | - Pamela R Barnett
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, Neuroscience, Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Joel S Freundlich
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, Neuroscience, Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA; Department of Medicine, Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Rodrigo B Andrade
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
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2
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Daher SS, Lee M, Jin X, Teijaro CN, Wheeler SE, Jacobson MA, Buttaro B, Andrade RB. Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Computational Analysis of Biaryl Side-Chain Analogs of Solithromycin. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:3368-3373. [PMID: 34355515 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for new antibiotics to mitigate the existential threat posed by antibiotic resistance. Within the ketolide class, solithromycin has emerged as one of the most promising candidates for further development. Crystallographic studies of bacterial ribosomes and ribosomal subunits complexed with solithromycin have shed light on the nature of molecular interactions (π-stacking and H-bonding) between from the biaryl side-chain of the drug and key residues in the 50S ribosomal subunit. We have designed and synthesized a library of solithromycin analogs to study their structure-activity relationships (SAR) in tandem with new computational studies. The biological activity of each analog was evaluated in terms of ribosomal affinity (Kd determined by fluorescence polarization), as well as minimum inhibitory concentration assays (MICs). Density functional theory (DFT) studies of a simple binding site model identify key H-bonding interactions that modulate the potency of solithromycin analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer S Daher
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Miseon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Xiao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Christiana N Teijaro
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Steven E Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 140 Cedar Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Marlene A Jacobson
- Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, School of Pharmacy, Temple University, 3307 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Bettina Buttaro
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Rodrigo B Andrade
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
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3
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Zhao ZH, Wang AP, Zhang XX, Yang S, Luo ZG, Lei PS. Antibacterial activities of a series of novel 5-O-(4', 6'-O-dimodified)-mycaminose 14-membered ketolides. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2019; 21:456-461. [PMID: 29589476 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2018.1451519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel 5-O-(4',6'-O-dimodified)-mycaminose 14-membered ketolides were assessed for their in vitro antibacterial activities against a panel of sensitive and resistant pathogens. Compound 1 and compound 2, two ester analogs, showed the best antibacterial activities against several macrolide-sensitive and macrolide-resistant strains. These results indicated that introducing ester to 6-OH and a small volume ether substituent to the 4-OH of mycaminose could improve the antibacterial activities of ketolides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Hui Zhao
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Materia Medica , Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - A-Peng Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Materia Medica , Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Xiao-Xi Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Materia Medica , Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Shuang Yang
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Materia Medica , Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Zhi-Gang Luo
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Materia Medica , Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Ping-Sheng Lei
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Materia Medica , Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing 100050 , China
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4
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Glycosylation of an allenic erythronolide. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2019; 72:432-436. [PMID: 30816347 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-019-0156-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A concise route to a glycosylated allenic erythronolide was achieved. Key findings include the preparation of a desosamine sulfoxide donor and the use of the donor to glycosylate bulky acceptors. Additionally, the new reagent was used to prepare allene-containing macrocycles and to realize a four-step synthesis of macrolide 6 from bis[allene] 5. The longest linear sequence required to prepare 6 from commercial reagents was 15 steps.
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5
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Abstract
Natural products have served as powerful therapeutics against pathogenic bacteria since the golden age of antibiotics of the mid-20th century. However, the increasing frequency of antibiotic-resistant infections clearly demonstrates that new antibiotics are critical for modern medicine. Because combinatorial approaches have not yielded effective drugs, we propose that the development of new antibiotics around proven natural scaffolds is the best short-term solution to the rising crisis of antibiotic resistance. We analyze herein synthetic approaches aiming to reengineer natural products into potent antibiotics. Furthermore, we discuss approaches in modulating quorum sensing and biofilm formation as a nonlethal method, as well as narrow-spectrum pathogen-specific antibiotics, which are of interest given new insights into the implications of disrupting the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean E. Rossiter
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Madison H. Fletcher
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - William M. Wuest
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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6
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Gil A, Albericio F, Álvarez M. Role of the Nozaki–Hiyama–Takai–Kishi Reaction in the Synthesis of Natural Products. Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gil
- ChemBio Lab, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN,
Networking
Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Albericio
- ChemBio Lab, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN,
Networking
Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- University of Kwa-Zulu-Natal, 4001, Durban, South Africa
| | - Mercedes Álvarez
- ChemBio Lab, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN,
Networking
Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Yu L, Wang H, Akhmedov NG, Sowa C, Liu K, Kim H, Williams L. Direct Entry to 4,10-Didesmethyl (9S)-Dihydroerythronolide A via Catalytic Allene Osmylation. Org Lett 2016; 18:2868-71. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Libing Yu
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Huan Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Novruz G. Akhmedov
- Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, 406 Clark Hall, Prospect Street, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Christopher Sowa
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Kai Liu
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Hiyun Kim
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Lawrence Williams
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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8
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An Y, Doney AC, Andrade RB, Wheeler SE. Stacking Interactions between 9-Methyladenine and Heterocycles Commonly Found in Pharmaceuticals. J Chem Inf Model 2016; 56:906-14. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.5b00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi An
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Analise C. Doney
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Rodrigo B. Andrade
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Steven E. Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
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9
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Glassford I, Lee M, Wagh B, Velvadapu V, Paul T, Sandelin G, DeBrosse C, Klepacki D, Small MC, MacKerell AD, Andrade RB. Desmethyl macrolides: synthesis and evaluation of 4-desmethyl telithromycin. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:1021-6. [PMID: 25221660 DOI: 10.1021/ml5002097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel sources of antibiotics are needed to address the serious threat of bacterial resistance. Accordingly, we have launched a structure-based drug design program featuring a desmethylation strategy wherein methyl groups have been replaced with hydrogens. Herein we report the total synthesis, molecular modeling, and biological evaluation of 4-desmethyl telithromycin (6), a novel desmethyl analogue of the third-generation ketolide antibiotic telithromycin (2) and our final analogue in this series. While 4-desmethyl telithromycin (6) was found to be equipotent with telithromycin (2) against wild-type bacteria, it was 4-fold less potent against the A2058G mutant. These findings reveal that strategically replacing the C4-methyl group with hydrogen (i.e., desmethylation) did not address this mechanism of resistance. Throughout the desmethyl series, the sequential addition of methyls to the 14-membered macrolactone resulted in improved bioactivity. Molecular modeling methods indicate that changes in conformational flexibility dominate the increased biological activity; moreover, they reveal 6 adopts a different conformation once bound to the A2058G ribosome, thus impacting noncovalent interactions reflected in a lower MIC value. Finally, fluorescence polarization experiments of 6 with E. coli ribosomes confirmed 6 is indeed binding the ribosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Glassford
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Miseon Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Bharat Wagh
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Venkata Velvadapu
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Tapas Paul
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Gary Sandelin
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Charles DeBrosse
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Dorota Klepacki
- Center
for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Meagan C. Small
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Alexander D. MacKerell
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Rodrigo B. Andrade
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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10
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Wright PM, Seiple IB, Myers AG. The evolving role of chemical synthesis in antibacterial drug discovery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:8840-69. [PMID: 24990531 PMCID: PMC4536949 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201310843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The discovery and implementation of antibiotics in the early twentieth century transformed human health and wellbeing. Chemical synthesis enabled the development of the first antibacterial substances, organoarsenicals and sulfa drugs, but these were soon outshone by a host of more powerful and vastly more complex antibiotics from nature: penicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, and erythromycin, among others. These primary defences are now significantly less effective as an unavoidable consequence of rapid evolution of resistance within pathogenic bacteria, made worse by widespread misuse of antibiotics. For decades medicinal chemists replenished the arsenal of antibiotics by semisynthetic and to a lesser degree fully synthetic routes, but economic factors have led to a subsidence of this effort, which places society on the precipice of a disaster. We believe that the strategic application of modern chemical synthesis to antibacterial drug discovery must play a critical role if a crisis of global proportions is to be averted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M. Wright
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University Cambridge, MA 02138 (USA)
| | - Ian B. Seiple
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University Cambridge, MA 02138 (USA)
| | - Andrew G. Myers
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University Cambridge, MA 02138 (USA)
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11
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Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2012. Coord Chem Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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12
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Wright PM, Seiple IB, Myers AG. Zur Rolle der chemischen Synthese in der Entwicklung antibakterieller Wirkstoffe. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201310843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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13
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Wagh B, Paul T, DeBrosse C, Klepacki D, Small MC, MacKerell AD, Andrade RB. Desmethyl Macrolides: Synthesis and Evaluation of 4,8,10-Tridesmethyl Cethromycin. ACS Med Chem Lett 2013; 4:1114-1118. [PMID: 24470840 DOI: 10.1021/ml400337t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are emerging at an alarming rate in both hospital and community settings. Motivated by this issue, we have prepared desmethyl (i.e., replacing methyl groups with hydrogens) analogues of third-generation macrolide drugs telithromycin (TEL, 2) and cethromycin (CET, 6), both of which are semi-synthetic derivatives of flagship macrolide antibiotic erythromycin (1). Herein, we report the total synthesis, molecular modeling, and biological evaluation of 4,8,10-tridesmethyl cethromycin (7). In MIC assays, CET analogue 7 was found to be equipotent with TEL (2) against a wild-type E. coli strain, more potent than previously disclosed desmethyl TEL congeners 3, 4, and 5, but fourfold less potent than TEL (2) against a mutant E. coli A2058G strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Wagh
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Tapas Paul
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Charles DeBrosse
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Dorota Klepacki
- Center
for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Meagan C. Small
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Alexander D. MacKerell
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Rodrigo B. Andrade
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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14
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Purushothaman S, Prasanna R, Lavanya S, Raghunathan R. Regio- and stereoselective synthesis of spiro-pyrrolidine/pyrrolizidine/thiazolidine-grafted macrocycles through intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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15
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Hansen DA, Rath CM, Eisman EB, Narayan ARH, Kittendorf JD, Mortison JD, Yoon YJ, Sherman DH. Biocatalytic synthesis of pikromycin, methymycin, neomethymycin, novamethymycin, and ketomethymycin. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:11232-8. [PMID: 23866020 DOI: 10.1021/ja404134f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A biocatalytic platform that employs the final two monomodular type I polyketide synthases of the pikromycin pathway in vitro followed by direct appendage of D-desosamine and final C-H oxidation(s) in vivo was developed and applied toward the synthesis of a suite of 12- and 14-membered ring macrolide natural products. This methodology delivered both compound classes in 13 steps (longest linear sequence) from commercially available (R)-Roche ester in >10% overall yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas A Hansen
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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