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Ramesh NG. From Glycals to Nitrogen Heterocycles and Carbocycles via "Cleavage-Intramolecular Recombination Strategy". CHEM REC 2021; 21:2930-2957. [PMID: 34472196 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glycals (carbohydrate enol-ethers) have enjoyed profound applications in organic synthesis for more than a century. They not only serve as versatile glycosyl donors or as substrates for Ferrier rearrangement, but also find extensive synthetic applications especially as a "chiral pool" for accomplishing the synthesis of a variety of natural and biologically important compounds. As cyclic enol ethers, they demonstrate high reactivity and are among the most and variously transformable monosaccharide derivatives. The uniqueness of the reactivity of glycals is that they can be synthetically tuned to get a library of derivatives through stereo- and regioselective introduction of a variety of functional groups at C1, C2, C3 as well as C4 carbons of the sugar. We have developed a practical approach for stereoselective mono- and diamination of glycals and over the years utilized these scaffolds for the synthesis of a variety of biologically important nitrogen heterocycles and carbocycles through a "Diversity Oriented Approach". Our synthetic strategy in this direction mainly relied on the cleavage of ring O-C bond of the sugar followed by an "intramolecular recombination" reaction. Utilizing this strategy, we have accomplished the synthesis of several biologically important natural products, their analogues and related unnatural derivatives. Examples of such compounds reported from our group include polyhydroxypyrrolidines, DMDP, anisomycin, steviamine, pochonicine, conduramines, bulgecinine, aminocyclitols, azepanes, 4-hydroxy-D-proline, azanucleosides and their analogues. A personal account highlighting these syntheses is presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namakkal G Ramesh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
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2
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Yamashita K, Kume Y, Ashibe S, Puspita CAD, Tanigawa K, Michihata N, Wakamori S, Ikeuchi K, Yamada H. Total Synthesis of Mallotusinin. Chemistry 2020; 26:16408-16421. [PMID: 32614090 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The total synthesis of mallotusinin, which bears a tetrahydroxydibenzofuranoyl (THDBF) bridge between the 2-oxygen and 4-oxygen of glucose on corilagin with a 3,6-O-(R)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl (HHDP) bridge, is described. The key features of the total synthesis are: 1) improvements of our previously reported method to synthesize corilagin; 2) establishment of the THDBF skeleton via an unusual intramolecular SN Ar reaction of an HHDP analogue, and 3) the application of a two-step bislactonization strategy for a HHDP bridge construction into the 2,4-O-THDBF bridge. Oxidative phenol coupling of 1,2,4-orthoacetyl-3,6-di-(4-O-benzylgalloyl)-α-d-glucopyranose and the orthoester cleavage of the coupling product without the pyranose-furanose ring transformation are key reactions for the improved synthesis of corilagin, which enabled the adequate supply of a corilagin precursor that was required to develop the mallotusinin synthesis. These established methods are expected to help develop the synthesis of other ellagitannins with a bridge between the two oxygens of corilagin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Yamashita
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Yuji Kume
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Seiya Ashibe
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Cicilia A D Puspita
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Kotaro Tanigawa
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Naoki Michihata
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Wakamori
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Kazutada Ikeuchi
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, 669-1337, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Yamada
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, 669-1337, Japan
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3
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Kumar Mishra U, Ramesh NG. A carbohydrate based straightforward approach to trans-4-hydroxy-d-proline and trans-4-hydroxy-d-prolinol. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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4
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Kubiniok P, Finicle BT, Piffaretti F, McCracken AN, Perryman M, Hanessian S, Edinger AL, Thibault P. Dynamic Phosphoproteomics Uncovers Signaling Pathways Modulated by Anti-oncogenic Sphingolipid Analogs. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:408-422. [PMID: 30482847 PMCID: PMC6398214 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.001053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-neoplastic sphingolipid analog SH-BC-893 starves cancer cells to death by down-regulating cell surface nutrient transporters and blocking lysosomal trafficking events. These effects are mediated by the activation of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). To identify putative PP2A substrates, we used quantitative phosphoproteomics to profile the temporal changes in protein phosphorylation in FL5.12 cells following incubation with SH-BC-893 or the specific PP2A inhibitor LB-100. These analyses enabled the profiling of more than 15,000 phosphorylation sites, of which 958 sites on 644 proteins were dynamically regulated. We identified 114 putative PP2A substrates including several nutrient transporter proteins, GTPase regulators (e.g. Agap2, Git1), and proteins associated with actin cytoskeletal remodeling (e.g. Vim, Pxn). To identify SH-BC-893-induced cell signaling events that disrupt lysosomal trafficking, we compared phosphorylation profiles in cells treated with SH-BC-893 or C2-ceramide, a non-vacuolating sphingolipid that does not impair lysosomal fusion. These analyses combined with functional assays uncovered the differential regulation of Akt and Gsk3b by SH-BC-893 (vacuolating) and C2-ceramide (non-vacuolating). Dynamic phosphoproteomics of cells treated with compounds affecting PP2A activity thus enabled the correlation of cell signaling with phenotypes to rationalize their mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kubiniok
- From the ‡Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
- §Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Brendan T Finicle
- ¶Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA 92697
| | - Fanny Piffaretti
- From the ‡Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Alison N McCracken
- ¶Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA 92697
| | - Michael Perryman
- §Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Stephen Hanessian
- §Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Aimee L Edinger
- ¶Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA 92697;
| | - Pierre Thibault
- From the ‡Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada;
- §Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada
- ‖Department of Biochemistry, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
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5
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Takamura H, Tanaka M, Ando J, Tazawa A, Ishizawa K. Stereodivergent and Stereoselective Synthesis of cis- and trans-4-Substituted Prolinols. HETEROCYCLES 2019. [DOI: 10.3987/com-18-s(f)8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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6
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Takamura H, Tanaka M, Ando J, Tazawa A, Ishizawa K. Concise Synthesis of Anticancer Active trans-4-(4-Octylphenyl)prolinol. HETEROCYCLES 2019. [DOI: 10.3987/com-18-s(f)44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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7
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Garsi JB, Sernissi L, Vece V, Hanessian S, McCracken AN, Simitian G, Edinger AL. In search of constrained FTY720 and phytosphingosine analogs as dual acting anticancer agents targeting metabolic and epigenetic pathways. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 159:217-242. [PMID: 30292898 PMCID: PMC6217821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A series of compounds containing pyrrolidine and pyrrolizidine cores with appended hydrophobic substituents were prepared as constrained analogs of FTY720 and phytosphingosine. The effect of these compounds on the viability of cancer cells, on downregulation of the nutrient transport systems, and on their ability to cause vacuolation was studied. An attempt to inhibit HDACs with some phosphate esters of our analogs was thwarted by our failure to reproduce the reported inhibitory action of FTY720-phosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Garsi
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Lorenzo Sernissi
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Vito Vece
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Stephen Hanessian
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Alison N McCracken
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, 2128 Natural Sciences 1, CA, 92697-2300, USA
| | - Grigor Simitian
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, 2128 Natural Sciences 1, CA, 92697-2300, USA
| | - Aimee L Edinger
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, 2128 Natural Sciences 1, CA, 92697-2300, USA.
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8
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Lee T, Moon HS, Kim SW, Shrestha J, Shin SM, Lee JY, Kim S, Park EY, Baek DJ. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of FTY720 (Fingolimod) Derivatives with Aromatic Head Group as Anticancer Agents. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2018; 66:1015-1018. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c18-00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taeho Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University
| | - Hong Seop Moon
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University
| | - Seon Woong Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University
| | - Jitendra Shrestha
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University
| | | | - Joo-Youn Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University
- Korea Chemical Bank, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology
| | - Sanghee Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University
| | - Eun-Young Park
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University
| | - Dong Jae Baek
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University
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9
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White C, Alshaker H, Cooper C, Winkler M, Pchejetski D. The emerging role of FTY720 (Fingolimod) in cancer treatment. Oncotarget 2018; 7:23106-27. [PMID: 27036015 PMCID: PMC5029614 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
FTY720 (Fingolimod) is a clinically approved immunomodulating therapy for multiple sclerosis that sequesters T-cells to lymph nodes through functional antagonism of sphingosine-1-phosphate 1 receptor. FTY720 also demonstrates a proven efficacy in multiple in vitro and in vivo cancer models, suggesting a potential therapeutic role in cancer patients. A potential anticancer mechanism of FTY720 is through the inhibition of sphingosine kinase 1, a proto-oncogene with in vitro and clinical cancer association. In addition, FTY720's anticancer properties may be attributable to actions on several other molecular targets. This study focuses on reviewing the emerging evidence regarding the anticancer properties and molecular targets of FTY720. While the clinical transition of FTY720 is currently limited by its immune suppression effects, studies aiming at FTY720 delivery and release together with identifying its key synergetic combinations and relevant patient subsets may lead to its rapid introduction into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heba Alshaker
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan.,School of Medicine, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Colin Cooper
- School of Medicine, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Matthias Winkler
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
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10
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Omar HA, Zaher DM, Srinivasulu V, Hersi F, Tarazi H, Al-Tel TH. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of new pyrrolidine carboxamide analogues as potential chemotherapeutic agents for hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 139:804-814. [PMID: 28865276 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The successful targeting of different malignancies by OSU-2S, encouraged us to design and synthesize a novel series of pyrrolidine aryl carboxamide derivatives. In this context, we found that, the amide nature and tether length were found to be key determinant elements for the anticancer activity of these new and rigid analogues of OSU-2S. The most effective analogues induced apoptosis in cancer cells by a similar mechanism to that of OSU-2S, possibly via the activation of PKCδ in addition to their ability to induce cell cycle arrest and inhibition of cancer cell migration. Compound 10m, possesses anticancer potency comparable to that of OSU-2S when tested against cancer cell lines under study, and was found to be safer on normal cells. Furthermore, compound 10m, was found to be about 2-folds more potent than the anticancer drug Sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The newly developed compounds represent a therapeutically promising approach for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany A Omar
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Dana M Zaher
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vunnam Srinivasulu
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fatema Hersi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hamadeh Tarazi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Taleb H Al-Tel
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
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11
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McCracken AN, McMonigle RJ, Tessier J, Fransson R, Perryman MS, Chen B, Keebaugh A, Selwan E, Barr SA, Kim SM, Roy SG, Liu G, Fallegger D, Sernissi L, Brandt C, Moitessier N, Snider AJ, Clare S, Müschen M, Huwiler A, Kleinman MT, Hanessian S, Edinger AL. Phosphorylation of a constrained azacyclic FTY720 analog enhances anti-leukemic activity without inducing S1P receptor activation. Leukemia 2017; 31:669-677. [PMID: 27573555 PMCID: PMC5332311 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The frequency of poor outcomes in relapsed leukemia patients underscores the need for novel therapeutic approaches. The Food and Drug Administration-approved immunosuppressant FTY720 limits leukemia progression by activating protein phosphatase 2A and restricting nutrient access. Unfortunately, FTY720 cannot be re-purposed for use in cancer patients due to on-target toxicity associated with S1P receptor activation at the elevated, anti-neoplastic dose. Here we show that the constrained azacyclic FTY720 analog SH-RF-177 lacks S1P receptor activity but maintains anti-leukemic activity in vitro and in vivo. SH-RF-177 was not only more potent than FTY720, but killed via a distinct mechanism. Phosphorylation is dispensable for FTY720's anti-leukemic actions. However, chemical biology and genetic approaches demonstrated that the sphingosine kinase 2 (SPHK2)-mediated phosphorylation of SH-RF-177 led to engagement of a pro-apoptotic target and increased potency. The cytotoxicity of membrane-permeant FTY720 phosphonate esters suggests that the enhanced potency of SH-RF-177 stems from its more efficient phosphorylation. The tight inverse correlation between SH-RF-177 IC50 and SPHK2 mRNA expression suggests a useful biomarker for SH-RF-177 sensitivity. In summary, these studies indicate that FTY720 analogs that are efficiently phosphorylated but fail to activate S1P receptors may be superior anti-leukemic agents compared to compounds that avoid cardiotoxicity by eliminating phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison N. McCracken
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine CA 92697
| | - Ryan J. McMonigle
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine CA 92697
| | - Jérémie Tessier
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Rebecca Fransson
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | | | - Bin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Andrew Keebaugh
- School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Elizabeth Selwan
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine CA 92697
| | - Sarah A. Barr
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine CA 92697
| | - Seong M. Kim
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine CA 92697
| | - Saurabh G. Roy
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine CA 92697
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine CA 92697
| | - Daniel Fallegger
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Sernissi
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Cordelia Brandt
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Genome Campus, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Moitessier
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 0B8
| | - Ashley J. Snider
- Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY11794
- Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, NY 11768
| | - Simon Clare
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Genome Campus, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Markus Müschen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Andrea Huwiler
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Stephen Hanessian
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3J7
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA 92697
| | - Aimee L. Edinger
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine CA 92697
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12
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Effects of stereochemistry, saturation, and hydrocarbon chain length on the ability of synthetic constrained azacyclic sphingolipids to trigger nutrient transporter down-regulation, vacuolation, and cell death. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:4390-4397. [PMID: 27475534 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Constrained analogs containing a 2-hydroxymethylpyrrolidine core of the natural sphingolipids sphingosine, sphinganine, N,N-dimethylsphingosine and N-acetyl variants of sphingosine and sphinganine (C2-ceramide and dihydro-C2-ceramide) were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to down-regulate nutrient transporter proteins and trigger cytoplasmic vacuolation in mammalian cells. In cancer cells, the disruptions in intracellular trafficking produced by these sphingolipids lead to cancer cell death by starvation. Structure activity studies were conducted by varying the length of the hydrocarbon chain, the degree of unsaturation and the presence or absence of an aryl moiety on the appended chains, and stereochemistry at two stereogenic centers. In general, cytotoxicity was positively correlated with nutrient transporter down-regulation and vacuolation. This study was intended to identify structural and functional features in lead compounds that best contribute to potency, and to develop chemical biology tools that could be used to isolate the different protein targets responsible for nutrient transporter loss and cytoplasmic vacuolation. A molecule that produces maximal vacuolation and transporter loss is expected to have the maximal anti-cancer activity and would be a lead compound.
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13
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Cloning and characterization of three ketoreductases from soil metagenome for preparing optically active alcohols. Biotechnol Lett 2016; 38:1799-808. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-016-2167-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Selwan EM, Finicle BT, Kim SM, Edinger AL. Attacking the supply wagons to starve cancer cells to death. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:885-907. [PMID: 26938658 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The constitutive anabolism of cancer cells not only supports proliferation but also addicts tumor cells to a steady influx of exogenous nutrients. Limiting access to metabolic substrates could be an effective and selective means to block cancer growth. In this review, we define the pathways by which cancer cells acquire the raw materials for anabolism, highlight the actionable proteins in each pathway, and discuss the status of therapeutic interventions that disrupt nutrient acquisition. Critical open questions to be answered before apical metabolic inhibitors can be successfully and safely deployed in the clinic are also outlined. In summary, recent studies provide strong support that substrate limitation is a powerful therapeutic strategy to effectively, and safely, starve cancer cells to death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Selwan
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Brendan T Finicle
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Seong M Kim
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Aimee L Edinger
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, CA, USA
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15
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Chen B, Roy SG, McMonigle RJ, Keebaugh A, McCracken AN, Selwan E, Fransson R, Fallegger D, Huwiler A, Kleinman MT, Edinger AL, Hanessian S. Azacyclic FTY720 Analogues That Limit Nutrient Transporter Expression but Lack S1P Receptor Activity and Negative Chronotropic Effects Offer a Novel and Effective Strategy to Kill Cancer Cells in Vivo. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:409-14. [PMID: 26653336 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b00761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
FTY720 sequesters lymphocytes in secondary lymphoid organs through effects on sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptors. However, at higher doses than are required for immunosuppression, FTY720 also functions as an anticancer agent in multiple animal models. Our published work indicates that the anticancer effects of FTY720 do not depend on actions at S1P receptors but instead stem from FTY720s ability to restrict access to extracellular nutrients by down-regulating nutrient transporter proteins. This result was significant because S1P receptor activation is responsible for FTY720s dose-limiting toxicity, bradycardia, that prevents its use in cancer patients. Here, we describe diastereomeric and enantiomeric 3- and 4-C-aryl 2-hydroxymethyl pyrrolidines that are more active than the previously known analogues. Of importance is that these compounds fail to activate S1P1 or S1P3 receptors in vivo but retain inhibitory effects on nutrient transporter proteins and anticancer activity in solid tumor xenograft models. Our studies reaffirm that the anticancer activity of FTY720 does not depend upon S1P receptor activation and uphold the promise of using S1P receptor-inactive azacyclic FTY720 analogues in human cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Saurabh G. Roy
- Department
of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, 2128 Natural Sciences 1, California 92697-2300, United States
| | - Ryan J. McMonigle
- Department
of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, 2128 Natural Sciences 1, California 92697-2300, United States
| | - Andrew Keebaugh
- Community & Environmental Medicine, University of California, Irvine, FRF 100, California 92697-1825, United States
| | - Alison N. McCracken
- Department
of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, 2128 Natural Sciences 1, California 92697-2300, United States
| | - Elizabeth Selwan
- Department
of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, 2128 Natural Sciences 1, California 92697-2300, United States
| | - Rebecca Fransson
- Department
of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Daniel Fallegger
- Institute
of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital INO-F, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Huwiler
- Institute
of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital INO-F, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael T. Kleinman
- Community & Environmental Medicine, University of California, Irvine, FRF 100, California 92697-1825, United States
| | - Aimee L. Edinger
- Department
of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, 2128 Natural Sciences 1, California 92697-2300, United States
| | - Stephen Hanessian
- Department
of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
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16
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Toop HD, Dun MD, Ross BK, Flanagan HM, Verrills NM, Morris JC. Development of novel PP2A activators for use in the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:4605-16. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00556j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and biological evaluation of new cytotoxic analogs of AAL(S) are reported. Our findings identify key structural motifs required for anti-cancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew D. Dun
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy
- The University of Newcastle
- Callaghan
- Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute
| | | | - Hayley M. Flanagan
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy
- The University of Newcastle
- Callaghan
- Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute
| | - Nicole M. Verrills
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy
- The University of Newcastle
- Callaghan
- Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute
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17
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Patmanathan SN, Yap LF, Murray PG, Paterson IC. The antineoplastic properties of FTY720: evidence for the repurposing of fingolimod. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:2329-40. [PMID: 26171944 PMCID: PMC4594675 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Almost all drugs approved for use in humans possess potentially beneficial 'off-target' effects in addition to their principal activity. In some cases this has allowed for the relatively rapid repurposing of drugs for other indications. In this review we focus on the potential for re-purposing FTY720 (also known as fingolimod, Gilenya(™)), an immunomodulatory drug recently approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). The therapeutic benefit of FTY720 in MS is largely attributed to the immunosuppressive effects that result from its modulation of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor signalling. However, this drug has also been shown to inhibit other cancer-associated signal transduction pathways in part because of its structural similarity to sphingosine, and consequently shows efficacy as an anti-cancer agent both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we review the effects of FTY720 on signal transduction pathways and cancer-related cellular processes, and discuss its potential use as an anti-cancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathya Narayanan Patmanathan
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences and Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lee Fah Yap
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences and Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Paul G Murray
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ian C Paterson
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences and Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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18
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Guo T, Liu YC, Li B, Liu HM. Convenient synthesis of α,α-(bisallyl and bispropargyl)-substituted amines via aza-Barbier-type reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.03.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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19
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Arasasppan H, Thangamuthu MD. An Easy Access to the Synthesis of Sugar-BasedN-Methyl-Pyrrolidine via [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Methodology. J Heterocycl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hemamalini Arasasppan
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Madras; Guindy Campus Chennai 600 025 India
| | - Mohan Das Thangamuthu
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Madras; Guindy Campus Chennai 600 025 India
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences; Central University of Tamil Nadu; Thiruvarur 610 004 India
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