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Németh AG, Szabó R, Domján A, Keserű GM, Ábrányi‐Balogh P. Chromatography-Free Multicomponent Synthesis of Thioureas Enabled by Aqueous Solution of Elemental Sulfur. ChemistryOpen 2021; 10:16-27. [PMID: 33377316 PMCID: PMC7780808 DOI: 10.1002/open.202000250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of a new three-component chromatography-free reaction of isocyanides, amines and elemental sulfur allowed us the straightforward synthesis of thioureas in water. Considering a large pool of organic and inorganic bases, we first optimized the preparation of aqueous polysulfide solution from elemental sulfur. Using polysulfide solution, we were able to omit the otherwise mandatory chromatography, and to isolate the crystalline products directly from the reaction mixture by a simple filtration, retaining the sulfur in the solution phase. A wide range of thioureas synthesized in this way confirmed the reasonable substrate and functional group tolerance of our protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Gy. Németh
- Medicinal Chemistry Research GroupResearch Centre for Natural SciencesMagyar tudósok krt. 21117BudapestHungary
| | - Renáta Szabó
- Medicinal Chemistry Research GroupResearch Centre for Natural SciencesMagyar tudósok krt. 21117BudapestHungary
| | - Attila Domján
- NMR Research LaboratoryResearch Centre for Natural SciencesMagyar tudósok krt. 21117BudapestHungary
| | - György M. Keserű
- Medicinal Chemistry Research GroupResearch Centre for Natural SciencesMagyar tudósok krt. 21117BudapestHungary
| | - Péter Ábrányi‐Balogh
- Medicinal Chemistry Research GroupResearch Centre for Natural SciencesMagyar tudósok krt. 21117BudapestHungary
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Kang X, Cai X, Yi L, Xi Z. Multifluorinated Aryl Azides for the Development of Improved H 2 S Probes, and Fast Strain-promoted Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition and Staudinger Reactions. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:1420-1429. [PMID: 32144862 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of advanced bioorthogonal reactions for detection and labeling of biomolecules is significant in chemical biology. Recently, researchers have found that multifluorinated aryl azides hold great potential for the development of improved bioorthogonal reactions. The fluorine atom can be a perfect substituent group because of its properties of excellent electronegativity and small steric hindrance. In this Minireview, we discuss recent developments of improved hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) fluorescence probes, fast strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) and nonhydrolysis Staudinger reactions based on the use of multifluorinated aryl azides. Additionally, kinetic studies and biological applications of these reactions are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xuekang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Long Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Beijing, 100029, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhen Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemical Biology National Pesticide Engineering Research Center (Tianjin), Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
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Synthesis, crystal structure, spectroscopic characterization and theoretical study of (2E)-N-phenyl-2-(pyridin-3-ylmethylidene)hydrazinecarboxamide. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Azarnia Tehran D, Zanetti G, Leka O, Lista F, Fillo S, Binz T, Shone CC, Rossetto O, Montecucco C, Paradisi C, Mattarei A, Pirazzini M. A Novel Inhibitor Prevents the Peripheral Neuroparalysis of Botulinum Neurotoxins. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17513. [PMID: 26670952 PMCID: PMC4680858 DOI: 10.1038/srep17513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) form a large class of potent and deadly neurotoxins. Given their growing number, it is of paramount importance to discover novel inhibitors targeting common steps of their intoxication process. Recently, EGA was shown to inhibit the action of bacterial toxins and viruses exhibiting a pH-dependent translocation step in mammalian cells, by interfering with their entry route. As BoNTs act in the cytosol of nerve terminals, the entry into an appropriate compartment wherefrom they translocate the catalytic moiety is essential for toxicity. Herein we propose an optimized procedure to synthesize EGA and we show that, in vitro, it prevents the neurotoxicity of different BoNT serotypes by interfering with their trafficking. Furthermore, in mice, EGA mitigates botulism symptoms induced by BoNT/A and significantly decreases the lethality of BoNT/B and BoNT/D. This opens the possibility of using EGA as a lead compound to develop novel inhibitors of botulinum neurotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulia Zanetti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Oneda Leka
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Florigio Lista
- Histology and Molecular Biology Section, Army Medical and Veterinary Research Center, Via Santo Stefano Rotondo 4, 00184 Roma, Italy
| | - Silvia Fillo
- Histology and Molecular Biology Section, Army Medical and Veterinary Research Center, Via Santo Stefano Rotondo 4, 00184 Roma, Italy
| | - Thomas Binz
- Institut für Biochemie, OE 4310, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, 30623 Hannover, Germany
| | - Clifford C. Shone
- Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 OJG, UK
| | - Ornella Rossetto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Cesare Montecucco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121, Padova, Italy
- Italian National Research Council Institute of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Cristina Paradisi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Mattarei
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Pirazzini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121, Padova, Italy
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Recent developments and applications of clickable photoprobes in medicinal chemistry and chemical biology. Future Med Chem 2015; 7:2143-71. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.15.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoaffinity labeling is a well-known biochemical technique that has grown significantly since the turn of the century, principally due to its combination with bioorthogonal/click chemistry reactions. This review highlights new developments and applications of clickable photoprobes in medicinal chemistry and chemical biology. In particular, recent examples of clickable photoprobes for target identification, activity- or affinity-based protein profiling (ABPP or AfBPP), characterization of sterol– or lipid–protein interactions and characterization of ligand-binding sites are presented.
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Xie S, Fukumoto R, Ramström O, Yan M. Anilide formation from thioacids and perfluoroaryl azides. J Org Chem 2015; 80:4392-7. [PMID: 25837012 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A metal-free method for fast and clean anilide formation from perfluoroaryl azide and thioacid is presented. The reaction proved highly efficient, displaying fast kinetics, high yield, and good chemoselectivity. The transformation was compatible with various solvents and tolerant to a wide variety of functional groups, and it showed high performance in polar protic/aprotic media, including aqueous buffer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Xie
- †Department of Chemistry, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 36, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ryo Fukumoto
- †Department of Chemistry, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 36, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olof Ramström
- †Department of Chemistry, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 36, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mingdi Yan
- †Department of Chemistry, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 36, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden.,‡Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Avenue, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
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Xie S, Lopez SA, Ramström O, Yan M, Houk KN. 1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition reactivities of perfluorinated aryl azides with enamines and strained dipolarophiles. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:2958-66. [PMID: 25553488 PMCID: PMC4351169 DOI: 10.1021/ja511457g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The reactivities of enamines and predistorted (strained) dipolarophiles toward perfluoroaryl azides (PFAAs) were explored experimentally and computationally. Kinetic analyses indicate that PFAAs undergo (3 + 2) cycloadditions with enamines up to 4 orders of magnitude faster than phenyl azide reacts with these dipolarophiles. DFT calculations were used to identify the origin of this rate acceleration. Orbital interactions between the cycloaddends are larger due to the relatively low-lying LUMO of PFAAs. The triazolines resulting from PFAA-enamine cycloadditions rearrange to amidines at room temperature, while (3 + 2) cycloadditions of enamines and phenyl azide yield stable, isolable triazolines. The 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of norbornene and DIBAC also show increased reactivity toward PFAAs over phenyl azide but are slower than enamine-azide cycloadditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Xie
- Department of Chemistry, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 36, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Steven A. Lopez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Olof Ramström
- Department of Chemistry, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 36, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mingdi Yan
- Department of Chemistry, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 36, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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