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Li X, Guo T, Feng Q, Bai T, Wu L, Liu Y, Zheng X, Jia J, Pei J, Wu S, Song Y, Zhang Y. Progress of thrombus formation and research on the structure-activity relationship for antithrombotic drugs. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 228:114035. [PMID: 34902735 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.114035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Many populations suffer from thrombotic disorders such as stroke, myocardial infarction, unstable angina and thromboembolic disease. Thrombus is one of the major threatening factors to human health and the prevalence of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases induced by thrombus is growing worldwide, even some persons got rare and severe blood clots after receiving the AstraZeneca COVID vaccine unexpectedly. In terms of mechanism of thrombosis, antithrombotic drugs have been divided into three categories including anticoagulants, platelet inhibitors and fibrinolytics. Nowadays, a large number of new compounds possessing antithrombotic activities are emerging in an effort to remove the inevitable drawbacks of previously approved drugs such as the high risk of bleeding, a slow onset of action and a narrow therapeutic window. In this review, we describe the causes and mechanisms of thrombus formation firstly, and then summarize these reported active compounds as potential antithrombotic candidates based on their respective mechanism, hoping to promote the development of more effective bioactive molecules for treating thrombotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoan Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China; Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Tiantian Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Qian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Tiantian Bai
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yubo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Xu Zheng
- Shaanxi Institute for Food and Drug, Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Jianzhong Jia
- Shaanxi Institute for Food and Drug, Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Jin Pei
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Shaoping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| | - Yiming Song
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China.
| | - Yongmin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China; Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
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2
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Sun S, Wesolowski SS. Biologically active metabolites in drug discovery. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 48:128255. [PMID: 34245850 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Biologically active metabolites are a valuable resource for development of drug candidates and lead structures for drug design. This digest highlights a selection of biologically active metabolites that have been used as new chemical entities for development or as lead structures for drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyi Sun
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc, 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, BC V5G 4W8, Canada.
| | - Steven S Wesolowski
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc, 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, BC V5G 4W8, Canada
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3
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Abazid AH, Hollwedel TN, Nachtsheim BJ. Stereoselective Oxidative Cyclization of N-Allyl Benzamides to Oxaz(ol)ines. Org Lett 2021; 23:5076-5080. [PMID: 34138574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study presents an enantioselective oxidative cyclization of N-allyl carboxamides via a chiral triazole-substituted iodoarene catalyst. The method allows the synthesis of highly enantioenriched oxazolines and oxazines, with yields of up to 94% and enantioselectivities of up to 98% ee. Quaternary stereocenters can be constructed and, besides N-allyl amides, the corresponding thioamides and imideamides are well tolerated as substrates, giving rise to a plethora of chiral 5-membered N-heterocycles. By applying a multitude of further functionalizations, we finally demonstrate the high value of the observed chiral heterocycles as strategic intermediates for the synthesis of other enantioenriched target structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayham H Abazid
- University of Bremen, Institute of Organic and Analytical Chemistry, Leobener Straße 7, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Tom-Niklas Hollwedel
- University of Bremen, Institute of Organic and Analytical Chemistry, Leobener Straße 7, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Boris J Nachtsheim
- University of Bremen, Institute of Organic and Analytical Chemistry, Leobener Straße 7, 28359 Bremen, Germany
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4
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Fan M, Han M, Xia Y, Zhang Y, Chu Y, Bai G, Li W, Li J, Zhao L, He Y, Ma X, Duan Z. Design and synthesis of potent PAR-1 antagonists based on vorapaxar. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127046. [PMID: 32122739 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel vorapaxar analogues with different amino substitutes at the C-7, C-9a and aromatic substitutes at the C-4 position were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their inhibitory activity to PAR-1. Several compounds showed good potency in antagonist activity based on the intracellular calcium mobilization assay and excellent pharmacokinetics profile in rats. Among these analogues, 3d exhibited excellent PAR-1 inhibitory activity (IC50 = 0.18 μM) and the lower ability to cross the blood-brain barrier compared with vorapaxar (IC50 = 0.25 μM). Compound 3d has the potential to be developed as a new generation of PAR-1 antagonists with a better therapeutic window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengna Fan
- Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300100, China; Tianjin Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China; State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China
| | - Min Han
- Tianjin Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China; State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China
| | - Yan Xia
- Tianjin Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China; State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China
| | - Yingbin Zhang
- Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300100, China; Tianjin Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China; State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China
| | - Yang Chu
- Tianjin Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China; State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China
| | - Guirong Bai
- Tianjin Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China; State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China
| | - Wei Li
- Tianjin Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China; State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China
| | - Ju Li
- Tianjin Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China; State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China
| | - Lihui Zhao
- Tianjin Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China; State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China
| | - Yi He
- Tianjin Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China; State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China
| | - Xiaohui Ma
- Tianjin Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China; State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China
| | - Zhongyu Duan
- Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300100, China.
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5
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Park CM, Lee S, Song J, Lee J. Discovery of ( E)‐5,5‐Difluoro‐1‐[2‐[5‐(3‐fluorophenyl)pyridin‐2‐yl]vinyl]octahydrospiro(indene‐2,5′‐oxazolidin)‐2′‐one as a PAR1 Antagonist. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chul Min Park
- Division of Drug Discovery ResearchKorea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Deajeon 34114 South Korea
| | - Sunkyung Lee
- Division of Drug Discovery ResearchKorea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Deajeon 34114 South Korea
- Korea University of Science and Technology Daejeon 34114 South Korea
| | - Jong‐Hwan Song
- Division of Drug Discovery ResearchKorea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Deajeon 34114 South Korea
| | - Joo‐Youn Lee
- Division of Drug Discovery ResearchKorea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Deajeon 34114 South Korea
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6
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Liu J, Sun B, Zhao X, Xing J, Gao Y, Chang W, Ji J, Zheng H, Cui C, Ji A, Lou H. Discovery of Potent Orally Active Protease-Activated Receptor 1 (PAR1) Antagonists Based on Andrographolide. J Med Chem 2017; 60:7166-7185. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Bin Sun
- National
Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhao
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jie Xing
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yanhui Gao
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Wenqiang Chang
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jianbo Ji
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Hongbo Zheng
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Changyi Cui
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Aiguo Ji
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Weihai
International Biotechnology Research and Development Centre, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Hongxiang Lou
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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7
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Knight E, Robinson E, Smoktunowicz N, Chambers RC, Aliev AE, Inglis GG, Chudasama V, Caddick S. Synthesis of novel and potent vorapaxar analogues. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:3264-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02541a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Unlocking novel and potent vorapaxar analogues by functionalisation of previously unexplored positions on the parent vorapaxar scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Knight
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London
- UK
| | | | | | | | - Abil E. Aliev
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London
- UK
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8
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GPCR crystal structures: Medicinal chemistry in the pocket. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:3880-906. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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9
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Octahydrocyclopenta[c]pyridine and octahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran analogues as a protease activated receptor 1 (PAR1) antagonist. Arch Pharm Res 2015; 38:2029-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-015-0623-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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10
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Dirhodium(II)-Catalyzed C(sp3)–H Amination Using Iodine(III) Oxidants. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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