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Okuyama R. Advancements in Drug Repurposing: Examples in Psychiatric Medications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11000. [PMID: 37446178 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Because there are a limited number of animal models for psychiatric diseases that can be extrapolated to humans, drug repurposing has been actively pursued. This study was aimed at uncovering recent trends in drug repurposing approaches and new technologies that can predict efficacy on humans based on animal models used in psychiatric drug development. Psychiatric drugs that were approved by the FDA between 2002 and 2022 were listed, and the method of how the drug repurposing has been applied was analyzed. Drug repurposing has been increasingly applied to recently approved psychiatric drugs. The development concepts of psychiatric drugs that have been developed through drug repurposing over the past 20 years were found to be divided into six categories: new application exploration, reduction of side effects, improvement of symptom control, improvement of medication compliance, enhancement of drug efficacy, and reduction of drug-drug interactions. All repurposed drugs approved before 2016 used either prodrugs or active metabolites, while all drugs approved in 2021 and beyond used fixed-dose combinations with sophisticated ideas. SmartCube®, which uses artificial intelligence to predict human drug efficacy from animal phenotypes, was developed and produced novel drugs that show clinical efficacy. Well-designed drug repurposing approaches and new technologies for predicting human drug efficacy based off of animal models would contribute to novel psychiatric drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Okuyama
- College of International Management, Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University, Beppu 874-8577, Japan
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2
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Marochkin II, Altova EP, Kuznetsov VV, Rykov AN, Shishkov IF. Molecular structure of 6-cyclopropyl-1,5-diazabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane: gas phase electron diffraction and theoretical study. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2022.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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3
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Xia W, Veljkovic E, Koshibu K, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J. Neurobehavioral effects of selected tobacco constituents in rodents following subchronic administration. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 865:172809. [PMID: 31738931 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Bidirectional correlations between cigarette smoking and affective disorders, such as depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia, are well documented. These findings have led to substantial investigations into the effects of the major tobacco alkaloid, nicotine, and to a lesser extent, of other tobacco constituents, on the central nervous system (CNS). However, systematic profiling of the neuropharmacological effects of tobacco constituents is limited. To elucidate the effects of selected tobacco constituents on the CNS, we used the SmartCube® system, which captures and classifies behavioral features of compound-treated mice, to profile the psychiatric drugs-like properties of previously reported neuroactive tobacco compounds in mice. Daily intraperitoneal injection of nicotine (0.5 and 1 mg/kg/day) and anatabine (5 mg/kg/day) for 7 days produced antidepressant-like behavioral SmartCube® signatures in mice, and these results were supported by the improved active coping responses in the forced swim tests. Conversely, ferulic acid did not show any identifiable class signatures in the SmartCube® tests, but rather displayed subclass signatures associated with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. In novel object recognition memory test in rats, ferulic acid improved memory after 7 days of subcutaneous injection at 0.3 or 3 mg/kg/day. These results support previous findings showing the antidepressant drug-like effects of nicotine and the nootropic effects of ferulic acid. This is also the first report on the antidepressant drug-like effects of anatabine in rodents. This study provides a systemic behavioral evaluation of tobacco alkaloids and further insights into the association between affective disorders and smoking incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Xia
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., 50 Science Park Road, The Kendall #02-07, Science Park II, 117406, Singapore.
| | - Emilija Veljkovic
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Kyoko Koshibu
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Kuznetsov VV, Kachala VV, Makhova NN. Synthesis of hybrid structures comprising diaziridine and cyclopropane rings in one molecule. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2018.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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5
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Zhang HK, Eaton JB, Fedolak A, Gunosewoyo H, Onajole OK, Brunner D, Lukas RJ, Yu LF, Kozikowski AP. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel hybrids of highly potent and selective α4β2-Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) partial agonists. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 124:689-697. [PMID: 27639361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported the cyclopropylpyridine and isoxazolylpyridine ether scaffolds to be versatile building blocks for creating potent α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) partial agonists with excellent selectivity over the α3β4 subtype. In our continued efforts to develop therapeutic nicotinic ligands, seven novel hybrid compounds were rationally designed, synthesized, and evaluated in [3H]epibatidine binding competition studies. Incorporation of a cyclopropane- or isoxazole-containing side chain onto the 5-position of 1-(pyridin-3-yl)-1,4-diazepane or 2-(pyridin-3-yl)-2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane led to highly potent and selective α4β2* nAChR partial agonists with Ki values of 0.5-51.4 nM for α4β2 and negligible affinities for α3β4 and α7. Moreover, compounds 21, 25, and 30 maintained the functional profiles (EC50 and IC50 values of 15-50 nM) of the parent azetidine-containing compounds 3 and 4 in the 86Rb+ ion flux assays. In vivo efficacy of the most promising compound 21 was confirmed in the mouse SmartCube® platform and classical forced swim tests, supporting the potential use of α4β2 partial agonists for treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Kun Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States; Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - J Brek Eaton
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 West Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ 85013, United States
| | - Allison Fedolak
- PsychoGenics, Inc., 765 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Hendra Gunosewoyo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Oluseye K Onajole
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Dani Brunner
- PsychoGenics, Inc., 765 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Ronald J Lukas
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 West Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ 85013, United States
| | - Li-Fang Yu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Alan P Kozikowski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
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Talele TT. The "Cyclopropyl Fragment" is a Versatile Player that Frequently Appears in Preclinical/Clinical Drug Molecules. J Med Chem 2016; 59:8712-8756. [PMID: 27299736 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 535] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there has been an increasing use of the cyclopropyl ring in drug development to transition drug candidates from the preclinical to clinical stage. Important features of the cyclopropane ring are, the (1) coplanarity of the three carbon atoms, (2) relatively shorter (1.51 Å) C-C bonds, (3) enhanced π-character of C-C bonds, and (4) C-H bonds are shorter and stronger than those in alkanes. The present review will focus on the contributions that a cyclopropyl ring makes to the properties of drugs containing it. Consequently, the cyclopropyl ring addresses multiple roadblocks that can occur during drug discovery such as (a) enhancing potency, (b) reducing off-target effects,
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanaji T Talele
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University , 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, New York 11439, United States
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Onajole OK, Vallerini GP, Eaton JB, Lukas RJ, Brunner D, Caldarone BJ, Kozikowski AP. Synthesis and Behavioral Studies of Chiral Cyclopropanes as Selective α4β2-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Partial Agonists Exhibiting an Antidepressant Profile. Part III. ACS Chem Neurosci 2016; 7:811-22. [PMID: 27035276 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the synthesis and biological characterization of novel derivatives of 3-[(1-methyl-2(S)-pyrrolidinyl)methoxy]-5-cyclopropylpyridine (4a-f and 5) as potent and highly selective α4β2-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) full or partial agonists. A systematic structure-activity study was carried out on the previously described compound 3b, particularly concerning its (2-methoxyethyl)cyclopropyl side-chain, in an effort to improve its metabolic stability while maintaining receptor selectivity. Compound 4d exhibited very similar subnanomolar binding affinity for α4β2- and α4β2*-nAChRs compared to 3b, and it showed excellent potency in activating high-sensitivity (HS) α4β2-nAChRs with an EC50 value of 8.2 nM. Testing of 4d in the SmartCube assay revealed that the compound has a combined antidepressant plus antipsychotic signature. In the forced swim test at a dose of 30 mg/kg given intraperitoneally, 4d was found to be as efficacious as sertraline, thus providing evidence of the potential use of the compound as an antidepressant. Additional promise for use of 4d in humans comes from pharmacokinetic studies in mice indicating brain penetration, and additional assays show compound stability in the presence of human microsomes and hepatocytes. Thus, 4d has a very favorable preclinical drug profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluseye K. Onajole
- Drug
Discovery Program, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy,
College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South
Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
- Department
of Biological, Chemical and Physical Sciences, Roosevelt University, 425 S. Wabash Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60605, United States
| | - Gian Paolo Vallerini
- Drug
Discovery Program, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy,
College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South
Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - J. Brek Eaton
- Division
of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 West Thomas Road, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, United States
| | - Ronald J. Lukas
- Division
of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 West Thomas Road, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, United States
| | - Dani Brunner
- PsychoGenics, Inc., 765 Old Saw Mill
River Road, Tarrytown, New
York 10591, United States
| | - Barbara J. Caldarone
- Harvard
NeuroDiscovery Center and Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Alan P. Kozikowski
- Drug
Discovery Program, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy,
College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South
Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
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