1
|
Lee WJ, Oh H, Choi I, Lee K, Shin H, Lee YJ, Park J, Yang YH, Ha GS, Lee DE, Choi KY, Choi E. Differences in Proportion of N-acetyllactosamine and O-acetylated Sialic Acid Have No Significant Effect on the Pharmacokinetics and Biological Activity of Darbepoetin Alfa. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-021-0042-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
2
|
Hessefort H, Gross A, Seeleithner S, Hessefort M, Kirsch T, Perkams L, Bundgaard KO, Gottwald K, Rau D, Graf CGF, Rozanski E, Weidler S, Unverzagt C. Chemical and Enzymatic Synthesis of Sialylated Glycoforms of Human Erythropoietin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:25922-25932. [PMID: 34523784 PMCID: PMC9297946 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) is the main therapeutic glycoprotein for the treatment of anemia in cancer and kidney patients. The in-vivo activity of EPO is carbohydrate-dependent with the number of sialic acid residues regulating its circulatory half-life. EPO carries three N-glycans and thus obtaining pure glycoforms provides a major challenge. We have developed a robust and reproducible chemoenzymatic approach to glycoforms of EPO with and without sialic acids. EPO was assembled by sequential native chemical ligation of two peptide and three glycopeptide segments. The glycopeptides were obtained by pseudoproline-assisted Lansbury aspartylation. Enzymatic introduction of the sialic acids was readily accomplished at the level of the glycopeptide segments but even more efficiently on the refolded glycoprotein. Biological recognition of the synthetic EPOs was shown by formation of 1:1 complexes with recombinant EPO receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Hessefort
- University of BayreuthBioorganic ChemistryUniversitätsstraße 3095447BayreuthGermany
| | - Angelina Gross
- University of BayreuthBioorganic ChemistryUniversitätsstraße 3095447BayreuthGermany
| | - Simone Seeleithner
- University of BayreuthBioorganic ChemistryUniversitätsstraße 3095447BayreuthGermany
| | - Markus Hessefort
- University of BayreuthBioorganic ChemistryUniversitätsstraße 3095447BayreuthGermany
| | - Tanja Kirsch
- University of BayreuthBioorganic ChemistryUniversitätsstraße 3095447BayreuthGermany
| | - Lukas Perkams
- University of BayreuthBioorganic ChemistryUniversitätsstraße 3095447BayreuthGermany
| | - Klaus Ole Bundgaard
- University of BayreuthBioorganic ChemistryUniversitätsstraße 3095447BayreuthGermany
| | - Karen Gottwald
- University of BayreuthBioorganic ChemistryUniversitätsstraße 3095447BayreuthGermany
| | - David Rau
- University of BayreuthBioorganic ChemistryUniversitätsstraße 3095447BayreuthGermany
| | | | - Elisabeth Rozanski
- University of BayreuthBioorganic ChemistryUniversitätsstraße 3095447BayreuthGermany
| | - Sascha Weidler
- University of BayreuthBioorganic ChemistryUniversitätsstraße 3095447BayreuthGermany
| | - Carlo Unverzagt
- University of BayreuthBioorganic ChemistryUniversitätsstraße 3095447BayreuthGermany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hessefort H, Gross A, Seeleithner S, Hessefort M, Kirsch T, Perkams L, Bundgaard KO, Gottwald K, Rau D, Graf CGF, Rozanski E, Weidler S, Unverzagt C. Chemical and Enzymatic Synthesis of Sialylated Glycoforms of Human Erythropoietin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Hessefort
- University of Bayreuth Bioorganic Chemistry Universitätsstraße 30 95447 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Angelina Gross
- University of Bayreuth Bioorganic Chemistry Universitätsstraße 30 95447 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Simone Seeleithner
- University of Bayreuth Bioorganic Chemistry Universitätsstraße 30 95447 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Markus Hessefort
- University of Bayreuth Bioorganic Chemistry Universitätsstraße 30 95447 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Tanja Kirsch
- University of Bayreuth Bioorganic Chemistry Universitätsstraße 30 95447 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Lukas Perkams
- University of Bayreuth Bioorganic Chemistry Universitätsstraße 30 95447 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Klaus Ole Bundgaard
- University of Bayreuth Bioorganic Chemistry Universitätsstraße 30 95447 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Karen Gottwald
- University of Bayreuth Bioorganic Chemistry Universitätsstraße 30 95447 Bayreuth Germany
| | - David Rau
- University of Bayreuth Bioorganic Chemistry Universitätsstraße 30 95447 Bayreuth Germany
| | | | - Elisabeth Rozanski
- University of Bayreuth Bioorganic Chemistry Universitätsstraße 30 95447 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Sascha Weidler
- University of Bayreuth Bioorganic Chemistry Universitätsstraße 30 95447 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Carlo Unverzagt
- University of Bayreuth Bioorganic Chemistry Universitätsstraße 30 95447 Bayreuth Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Schmitt MG, White RN, Barnard GC. Development of a high cell density transient CHO platform yielding mAb titers greater than 2 g/L in only 7 days. Biotechnol Prog 2021; 36:e3047. [PMID: 33411420 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We developed a simple transient Chinese Hamster Ovary expression platform. Titers for a random panel of 20 clinical monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) ranged from 0.6 to 2.7 g/L after 7 days. Two factors were the key in obtaining these high titers. First, we utilized an extremely high starting cell density (20 million cells/ml), and then arrested further cell growth by employing mild hypothermic conditions (32°C). Second, we performed a 6-variable Design of Experiments to find optimal concentrations of plasmid DNA (coding DNA), boost DNA (DNA encoding the XBP1S transcription factor), transfection reagent (polyethylenimine [PEI]), and nutrient feed amounts. High coding DNA concentrations (12.5 mg/L) were found to be optimal. We therefore diluted expensive coding DNA with inexpensive inert filler DNA (herring sperm DNA). Reducing the coding DNA concentration by 70% from 12.5 to 3.75 mg/L did not meaningfully reduce mAb titers. Titers for the same panel of 20 clinical mAbs ranged from 0.7 to 2.2 g/L after reducing the coding DNA concentration to 3.75 mg/L. Finally, we found that titer and product quality attributes were similar for a clinical mAb (rituximab) expressed at very different scales (volumes ranging from 3 ml to 2 L).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Schmitt
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Technology Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Regina N White
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Technology Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Gavin C Barnard
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Technology Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Moussi K, Abusamra DB, Yassine O, Merzaban J, Kosel J. Strain-induced Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2020:2239-2244. [PMID: 33018453 DOI: 10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Directing the fate of human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hMSCs) toward bone formation using mechanical strain is a promising approach in regenerative medicine related to bone diseases. Numerous studies have evaluated the effects of vibration or cyclic tensile strain on MSCs towards developing a mechanically-based method for stimulating differentiation. Here, we study the differentiation of hMSCs cultured on elastic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane, which is magnetically actuated to induce periodically varying strain. The strain distribution across the membrane was calculated by finite-element modeling and demonstrates three main areas of different strain amplitudes. The strain effect on the hMSCs was evaluated by measuring the mineralization of differentiated hMSCs using Alizarin S red stain. The results indicate a strain-dependent differentiation of hMSCs, where the highest region of strain on the membrane resulted in the most accelerated differentiation. Osteogenic differentiation was achieved as early as two weeks, which is significantly sooner than control hMSCs treated with osteogenic media alone.
Collapse
|
6
|
Harvey DJ. NEGATIVE ION MASS SPECTROMETRY FOR THE ANALYSIS OF N-LINKED GLYCANS. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2020; 39:586-679. [PMID: 32329121 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
N-glycans from glycoproteins are complex, branched structures whose structural determination presents many analytical problems. Mass spectrometry, usually conducted in positive ion mode, often requires extensive sample manipulation, usually by derivatization such as permethylation, to provide the necessary structure-revealing fragment ions. The newer but, so far, lesser used negative ion techniques, on the contrary, provide a wealth of structural information not present in positive ion spectra that greatly simplify the analysis of these compounds and can usually be conducted without the need for derivatization. This review describes the use of negative ion mass spectrometry for the structural analysis of N-linked glycans and emphasises the many advantages that can be gained by this mode of operation. Biosynthesis and structures of the compounds are described followed by methods for release of the glycans from the protein. Methods for ionization are discussed with emphasis on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and methods for producing negative ions from neutral compounds. Acidic glycans naturally give deprotonated species under most ionization conditions. Fragmentation of negative ions is discussed next with particular reference to those ions that are diagnostic for specific features such as the branching topology of the glycans and substitution positions of moieties such as fucose and sulfate, features that are often difficult to identify easily by conventional techniques such as positive ion fragmentation and exoglycosidase digestions. The advantages of negative over positive ions for this structural work are emphasised with an example of a series of glycans where all other methods failed to produce a structure. Fragmentation of derivatized glycans is discussed next, both with respect to derivatives at the reducing terminus of the molecules, and to methods for neutralization of the acidic groups on sialic acids to both stabilize them for MALDI analysis and to produce the diagnostic fragments seen with the neutral glycans. The use of ion mobility, combined with conventional mass spectrometry is described with emphasis on its use to extract clean glycan spectra both before and after fragmentation, to separate isomers and its use to extract additional information from separated fragment ions. A section on applications follows with examples of the identification of novel structures from lower organisms and tables listing the use of negative ions for structural identification of specific glycoproteins, glycans from viruses and uses in the biopharmaceutical industry and in medicine. The review concludes with a summary of the advantages and disadvantages of the technique. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Mass Spec Rev.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Life Sciences Building 85, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xu S, Borys M, Khetan A, Pla I. Osmolality as a lever to modulate the N-glycolylneuraminicacid (Neu5Gc) level of a recombinant glycoprotein produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 36:e3038. [PMID: 32542945 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Glycoproteins could be highly sialylated, and controlling the sialic acid levels for some therapeutic proteins is critical to ensure product consistency and efficacy. N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac, or NANA) and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc, or NGNA) are the two most common forms of sialic acids produced in mammalian cells. As Neu5Gc is not produced in humans and can elicit immune responses, minimizing Neu5Gc formation is important in controlling this quality attribute for complex glycoproteins. In this study, a sialylated glycoprotein was used as the model molecule to study the effect of culture osmolality on Neu5Gc. A 14-day fed-batch process with osmolality maintained at physiological levels produced high levels of Neu5Gc. Increase of culture osmolality reduced the Neu5Gc level up to 70-80%, and the effect was proportional to the osmolality level. Through evaluating different osmolality conditions (300-450 mOsm/kg) under low or high pCO2 , we demonstrated that osmolality could be an effective process lever to modulate the Neu5Gc level. Potential mechanism of osmolality impact on Neu5Gc is discussed and is hypothesized to be cytosol NADH availability related. Compared with cell line engineering efforts, this simple process lever provides the opportunity to readily modulate the Neu5Gc level in a cell culture environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sen Xu
- Biologics Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Co, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Michael Borys
- Biologics Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Co., Devens, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anurag Khetan
- Biologics Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Co, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Itzcoatl Pla
- Manufacturing Science and Technology, Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Devens, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tector AJ, Mosser M, Tector M, Bach JM. The Possible Role of Anti-Neu5Gc as an Obstacle in Xenotransplantation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:622. [PMID: 32351506 PMCID: PMC7174778 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Seventy to ninety percentage of preformed xenoreactive antibodies in human serum bind to the galactose-α(1,3)-galactose Gal epitope, and the creation of Gal knockout (KO) pigs has eliminated hyperacute rejection as a barrier to xenotransplantation. Now other glycan antigens are barriers to move ahead with xenotransplantation, and the N-glycolyl neuraminic acid, Neu5Gc (or Hanganutziu-Deicher antigen), is also a major pig xenoantigen. Humans have anti-Neu5Gc antibodies. Several data indicate a strong immunogenicity of Neu5Gc in humans that may contribute to an important part in antibody-dependent injury to pig xenografts. Pig islets express Neu5Gc, which reacted with diet-derived human antibodies and mice deleted for Neu5Gc reject pancreatic islets from wild-type counterpart. However, Neu5Gc positive heart were not rejected in Neu5Gc KO mice indicating that the role of Neu5Gc-specific antibodies has to be nuanced and depend of the graft situation parameters (organ/tissue, recipient, implication of other glycan antigens). Recently generated Gal/Neu5Gc KO pigs eliminate the expression of Gal and Neu5Gc, and improve the crossmatch of humans with the pig. This review summarizes the current and recent experimental and (pre)clinical data on the Neu5Gc immunogenicity and emphasize of the potential impact of anti-Neu5Gc antibodies in limiting xenotransplantation in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Joseph Tector
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Mathilde Mosser
- Immuno-Endocrinology Unit (IECM), USC1383, Oniris, INRA, Nantes, France
| | - Matthew Tector
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jean-Marie Bach
- Immuno-Endocrinology Unit (IECM), USC1383, Oniris, INRA, Nantes, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lee JR, Choi D, Choi I, Park M, Choi E, Lee YJ, Park J, Yang YH, Ha G, Chul Jin H, Kim KP. Comprehensive Characterization of N‐Glycosylation in Darbepoetin Alfa. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Rok Lee
- Department of Applied ChemistryInstitute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University Yongin 446‐701 South Korea
- Pharmaceutical Analysis CenterCJ HealthCare R&D Institute, CJ HealthCare Icheon 467‐812 South Korea
| | - Doyoung Choi
- Pharmaceutical Analysis CenterCJ HealthCare R&D Institute, CJ HealthCare Icheon 467‐812 South Korea
| | - Inseong Choi
- Pharmaceutical Analysis CenterCJ HealthCare R&D Institute, CJ HealthCare Icheon 467‐812 South Korea
| | - Mikyung Park
- Pharmaceutical Analysis CenterCJ HealthCare R&D Institute, CJ HealthCare Icheon 467‐812 South Korea
| | - Eunyoung Choi
- Biopharmaceutical Research CenterCJ HealthCare R&D Institute, CJ HealthCare Icheon 467‐812 South Korea
| | - Yoon Jung Lee
- Biopharmaceutical Research CenterCJ HealthCare R&D Institute, CJ HealthCare Icheon 467‐812 South Korea
| | - Jeehye Park
- Biopharmaceutical Research CenterCJ HealthCare R&D Institute, CJ HealthCare Icheon 467‐812 South Korea
| | - Yoo Hee Yang
- Biopharmaceutical Research CenterCJ HealthCare R&D Institute, CJ HealthCare Icheon 467‐812 South Korea
| | - Gyong‐Sik Ha
- Biopharmaceutical Research CenterCJ HealthCare R&D Institute, CJ HealthCare Icheon 467‐812 South Korea
| | - Hong Chul Jin
- Pharmaceutical Analysis CenterCJ HealthCare R&D Institute, CJ HealthCare Icheon 467‐812 South Korea
| | - Kwang Pyo Kim
- Department of Applied ChemistryInstitute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University Yongin 446‐701 South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bhat AH, Maity S, Giri K, Ambatipudi K. Protein glycosylation: Sweet or bitter for bacterial pathogens? Crit Rev Microbiol 2019; 45:82-102. [PMID: 30632429 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2018.1547681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation systems in many bacteria are often associated with crucial biological processes like pathogenicity, immune evasion and host-pathogen interactions, implying the significance of protein-glycan linkage. Similarly, host protein glycosylation has been implicated in antimicrobial activity as well as in promoting growth of beneficial strains. In fact, few pathogens notably modulate host glycosylation machineries to facilitate their survival. To date, diverse chemical and biological strategies have been developed for conjugate vaccine production for disease control. Bioconjugate vaccines, largely being produced by glycoengineering using PglB (the N-oligosaccharyltransferase from Campylobacter jejuni) in suitable bacterial hosts, have been highly promising with respect to their effectiveness in providing protective immunity and ease of production. Recently, a novel method of glycoconjugate vaccine production involving an O-oligosaccharyltransferase, PglL from Neisseria meningitidis, has been optimized. Nevertheless, many questions on defining antigenic determinants, glycosylation markers, species-specific differences in glycosylation machineries, etc. still remain unanswered, necessitating further exploration of the glycosylation systems of important pathogens. Hence, in this review, we will discuss the impact of bacterial protein glycosylation on its pathogenesis and the interaction of pathogens with host protein glycosylation, followed by a discussion on strategies used for bioconjugate vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aadil Hussain Bhat
- a Department of Biotechnology , Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , Roorkee , Uttarakhand 247667 , India
| | - Sudipa Maity
- a Department of Biotechnology , Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , Roorkee , Uttarakhand 247667 , India
| | - Kuldeep Giri
- a Department of Biotechnology , Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , Roorkee , Uttarakhand 247667 , India
| | - Kiran Ambatipudi
- a Department of Biotechnology , Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , Roorkee , Uttarakhand 247667 , India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gupta SK, Shukla P. Glycosylation control technologies for recombinant therapeutic proteins. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:10457-10468. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9430-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
12
|
Comprehensive Physicochemical and Biological Characterization of the Proposed Biosimilar Darbepoetin Alfa, LBDE, and Its Originator Darbepoetin Alfa, NESP ®. BioDrugs 2018; 32:153-168. [PMID: 29556960 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-018-0272-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For regulatory approval, the comparability of a biosimilar product to an originator product should be ensured through thorough physicochemical and biological characterization. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the biosimilarity between LBDE, the proposed biosimilar darbepoetin alfa, and NESP®, its originator, we performed a comprehensive physicochemical and biological characterization study. METHODS Primary and higher-order protein structures were analyzed using Lys-C peptide mapping with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), disulfide bond identification, circular dichroism, and fluorescence spectroscopy. Glycosylation and isoform distribution were analyzed using MS, LC, and capillary zone electrophoresis. Size variants were evaluated with size-exclusion chromatography-high-performance liquid chromatography (SEC-HPLC) and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Biological characterization included binding affinity for human erythropoietin receptor, in vitro cell proliferation, and in vivo potency. Pharmacokinetics (PK) were evaluated using rats through two injection routes. RESULTS Non-reducing and reducing Lys-C peptide mapping showed a highly similar peak profile, confirming that LBDE and NESP® have the same primary structure and disulfide bonds. Glycosylation and isoform analyses showed that the attached N-glycan and O-glycan structures were the same and their relative contents were similar. Spectroscopic analysis of LBDE showed indistinguishable spectra with NESP®. For both LBDE and NESP®, a very small amount of size variants was found in SEC-HPLC, and no minor bands were detected in SDS-PAGE. Furthermore, LBDE did not show any difference with NESP® in the in vitro and in vivo functional analyses. PK parameters of LBDE were in good agreement with those of NESP®. CONCLUSION LBDE shows high similarity to NESP® with regard to structure and function.
Collapse
|
13
|
Simple and Robust N -Glycan Analysis Based on Improved 2-Aminobenzoic Acid Labeling for Recombinant Therapeutic Glycoproteins. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:1831-1841. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
14
|
Lee CG, Oh MJ, Park SY, An HJ, Kim JH. Inhibition of poly-LacNAc biosynthesis with release of CMP-Neu5Ac feedback inhibition increases the sialylation of recombinant EPO produced in CHO cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7273. [PMID: 29740059 PMCID: PMC5940879 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25580-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialylation of recombinant therapeutic glycoproteins modulates their pharmacokinetic properties by affecting their in vivo half-life. N-glycan branching on glycoproteins increases the number of potential attachment sites for sialic acid. Here, we introduce a new approach for increasing the sialylation of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) produced in CHO cells by modulating poly-N-acetyllactosamine (poly-LacNAc) biosynthesis. We did not observe an increase in rhEPO sialylation, however, until the feedback inhibition by intracellular cytidine monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-Neu5Ac), which is a limiting factor for sialylation, was released. Thus, we found that a combined approach inhibiting poly-LacNAc biosynthesis and releasing CMP-Neu5Ac feedback inhibition produces the most significant increase in rhEPO sialylation in metabolically engineered CHO cells. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of the resulting N-glycan structures using LC/MS revealed increased tri- and tetra- sialylated N-glycan structures accompanied by a reduction of di-sialylated N-glycan structures. These results validate our new approach for glycosylation engineering, and we expect this approach will be useful in future efforts to enhance the efficacy of other therapeutic glycoproteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Geun Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Jin Oh
- Graduate School of Analytical Science & Technology, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.,Asia-pacific Glycomics Reference Site, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hyun Joo An
- Graduate School of Analytical Science & Technology, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.,Asia-pacific Glycomics Reference Site, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hoe Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Comprehensive glycan analysis of twelve recombinant human erythropoietin preparations from manufacturers in China and Japan. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 153:214-220. [PMID: 29502007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant, human, erythropoietin (rhEPO) is a glycoprotein hormone which is prescribed throughout the world to treat anaemia caused by chronic kidney disease or chemotherapy. rhEPO is at the forefront of the recent emergence of biosimilar medicines, with numerous products now available worldwide. Due to its complex glycosylation profile, which has a crucial influence upon biological activity, therapeutic rhEPO preparations must be closely monitored to ensure consistency, safety and efficacy. Here, we have compared twelve rhEPO preparations from eleven manufacturers in China and one in Japan, measuring in vivo biological activity and exploring its relationship with glycosylation through sialic acid content determination, isoform distribution via capillary electrophoresis (CE), O-glycan profiling, and N-glycan mapping using a novel anion-exchange/hydrophilic interaction chromatography-mass spectrometry (AEX/HILIC-MS) approach. We observed differences between glycosylation profiles, including the varying occurrence of sialic acid O-acetylation, extension of N-glycan antennae with N-acetyllactosamine units, and the distribution of sialic acids across multi-antennary structures. The presence of unusually high levels of suspected penta- and hexa-anionic N-glycans in several samples is consistent with elevated rhEPO isoform acidity, which is reflected by slightly elevated in vivo bioactivities. This aside, the observed differences in glycosylation profile do not appear to have a significant influence upon biological activity in mice. Nonetheless, with the continued emergence of biosimilars, the study highlights the importance of monitoring glycosylation profiles in biological medicines, in order to detect and account for divergence between products, as well as the presence of unusual or unexpected glycans.
Collapse
|
16
|
Szabo Z, Thayer JR, Reusch D, Agroskin Y, Viner R, Rohrer J, Patil SP, Krawitzky M, Huhmer A, Avdalovic N, Khan SH, Liu Y, Pohl C. High Performance Anion Exchange and Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography Approaches for Comprehensive Mass Spectrometry-Based Characterization of the N-Glycome of a Recombinant Human Erythropoietin. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:1559-1574. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Szabo
- ThermoFisher Scientific, 1228 Titan Way, Sunnyvale, California 94088, United States
| | - James R. Thayer
- ThermoFisher Scientific, 1228 Titan Way, Sunnyvale, California 94088, United States
| | - Dietmar Reusch
- Roche Diagnostics GmbH, 2 Nonnenwald, Penzberg 82377, Germany
| | - Yury Agroskin
- ThermoFisher Scientific, 1228 Titan Way, Sunnyvale, California 94088, United States
| | - Rosa Viner
- ThermoFisher Scientific, 355 River Oaks Parkway, San Jose, California 95134, United States
| | - Jeff Rohrer
- ThermoFisher Scientific, 1214 Oakmead Parkway, Sunnyvale, California 94085, United States
| | - Sachin P. Patil
- ThermoFisher Scientific, 1214 Oakmead Parkway, Sunnyvale, California 94085, United States
| | - Michael Krawitzky
- ThermoFisher Scientific, 355 River Oaks Parkway, San Jose, California 95134, United States
| | - Andreas Huhmer
- ThermoFisher Scientific, 355 River Oaks Parkway, San Jose, California 95134, United States
| | - Nebojsa Avdalovic
- ThermoFisher Scientific, 1228 Titan Way, Sunnyvale, California 94088, United States
| | - Shaheer H. Khan
- ThermoFisher Scientific, 180 Oyster Point Blvd, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yan Liu
- ThermoFisher Scientific, 1228 Titan Way, Sunnyvale, California 94088, United States
| | - Christopher Pohl
- ThermoFisher Scientific, 1228 Titan Way, Sunnyvale, California 94088, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Maki Y, Mima T, Okamoto R, Izumi M, Kajihara Y. Semisynthesis of Complex-Type Biantennary Oligosaccharides Containing Lactosamine Repeating Units from a Biantennary Oligosaccharide Isolated from a Natural Source. J Org Chem 2017; 83:443-451. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Maki
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Takanori Mima
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Ryo Okamoto
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Masayuki Izumi
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kajihara
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Protein glycosylation is post-translational modification (PTM) which is important for pharmacokinetics and immunogenicity of recombinant glycoprotein therapeutics. As a result of variations in monosaccharide composition, glycosidic linkages and glycan branching, glycosylation introduces considerable complexity and heterogeneity to therapeutics. The host cell line used to produce the glycoprotein has a strong influence on the glycosylation because different host systems may express varying repertoire of glycosylation enzymes and transporters that contributes to specificity and heterogeneity in glycosylation profiles. In this review, we discuss the types of host cell lines currently used for recombinant therapeutic production, their glycosylation potential and the resultant impact on glycoprotein properties. In addition, we compare the reported glycosylation profiles of four recombinant glycoproteins: immunoglobulin G (IgG), coagulation factor VII (FVII), erythropoietin (EPO) and alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT) produced in different mammalian cells to establish the influence of mammalian host cell lines on glycosylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Bryan Goh
- a Bioprocessing Technology Institute , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Say Kong Ng
- a Bioprocessing Technology Institute , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , Singapore , Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Investigation of O-glycosylation heterogeneity of recombinant coagulation factor IX using LC–MS/MS. Bioanalysis 2017; 9:1361-1372. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2017-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Recombinant coagulation factor IX (rFIX) has extraordinarily multiple post-translational modifications including N-glycosylation and O-glycosylation which have a drastic effect on biological functions and in vivo recovery. Unlike N-glycosylation extensively characterized, there are a few studies on O-glycosylation due to its intrinsic complexity. In-depth O-glycosylation analysis is necessary to better understand and assess pharmacological activity of rFIX. Results: We determined unusual O-glycosylations including O-fucosylation and O-glucosylation which were located at Serine 53 and 61, respectively in EGF domain. Other O-glycosylations bearing core 1 glycan moiety were found on activation peptide. Conclusion: This is the first comprehensive study to characterize O-glycosylation of rFIX using MS-based glycomic and glycoproteomic approaches. Site-specific profiling will be a powerful platform to determine bioequivalence of biosimilars.
Collapse
|
20
|
Whiteman DA, Kimura A. Development of idursulfase therapy for mucopolysaccharidosis type II (Hunter syndrome): the past, the present and the future. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2017; 11:2467-2480. [PMID: 28860717 PMCID: PMC5574592 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s139601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II; Hunter syndrome; OMIM 309900) is a rare, multisystemic, progressive lysosomal storage disease caused by deficient activity of the iduronate-2-sulfatase (I2S) enzyme. Accumulation of the glycosaminoglycans dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate results in a broad range of disease manifestations that are highly variable in presentation and severity; notably, approximately two-thirds of individuals are affected by progressive central nervous system involvement. Historically, management of this disease was palliative; however, during the 1990s, I2S was purified to homogeneity for the first time, leading to cloning of the corresponding gene and offering a means of addressing the underlying cause of MPS II using enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). Recombinant I2S (idursulfase) was produced for ERT using a human cell line and was shown to be indistinguishable from endogenous I2S. Preclinical studies utilizing the intravenous route of administration provided valuable insights that informed the design of the subsequent clinical studies. The pivotal Phase II/III clinical trial of intravenous idursulfase (Elaprase®; Shire, Lexington, MA, USA) demonstrated improvements in a range of clinical parameters; based on these findings, intravenous idursulfase was approved for use in patients with MPS II in the USA in 2006 and in Europe and Japan in 2007. Evidence gained from post-approval programs has helped to improve our knowledge and understanding of management of patients with the disease; as a result, idursulfase is now available to young pediatric patients, and in some countries patients have the option to receive their infusions at home. Although ERT with idursulfase has been shown to improve somatic signs and symptoms of MPS II, the drug does not cross the blood–brain barrier and so treatment of neurological aspects of the disease remains challenging. A number of novel approaches are being investigated, and these may help to improve the care of patients with MPS II in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Ah Whiteman
- Research & Development, Shire Human Genetic Therapies, Inc., Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Alan Kimura
- Research & Development, Shire Human Genetic Therapies, Inc., Lexington, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Falck D, Haberger M, Plomp R, Hook M, Bulau P, Wuhrer M, Reusch D. Affinity purification of erythropoietin from cell culture supernatant combined with MALDI-TOF-MS analysis of erythropoietin N-glycosylation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5324. [PMID: 28706253 PMCID: PMC5509673 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05641-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) is a heavily glycosylated hormone whose recombinant forms are used for treatment of anaemia. EPO glycosylation is important for its pharmacological properties. An analytical workflow, which can determine EPO glycosylation in an accurate and high-throughput fashion from cell culture supernatant (CCS) in approximately 24 h, offers the possibility to follow changes during production. To address this challenge, we present a complete workflow consisting of protein purification, glycan release, sialic acid derivatization, solid phase extraction, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization - mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) analysis and MassyTools data processing. EPO purification from CCS by anti-EPO antibody coupled Sepharose beads yielded excellent purity with acceptable recovery and was free of glycoform bias. Glycosylation profiles obtained by MALDI-MS were highly comparable to those obtained with an established capillary gel electrophoresis–laser induced fluorescence method. Our method delivers accurate results for the analysis of changes of important glycosylation parameters, such as sialylation and number of N-acetyllactosamine units, for the time course of a fermentation. We could resolve differences in glycosylation between several CCS samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Falck
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333, ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Markus Haberger
- Pharma Biotech Development Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, 82377, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Rosina Plomp
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333, ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michaela Hook
- Pharma Biotech Development Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, 82377, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Bulau
- Pharma Biotech Development Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, 82377, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333, ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dietmar Reusch
- Pharma Biotech Development Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, 82377, Penzberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Thomson RI, Gardner RA, Strohfeldt K, Fernandes DL, Stafford GP, Spencer DIR, Osborn HMI. Analysis of Three Epoetin Alpha Products by LC and LC-MS Indicates Differences in Glycosylation Critical Quality Attributes, Including Sialic Acid Content. Anal Chem 2017; 89:6455-6462. [PMID: 28509534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) is one of the main therapeutics used to treat anemic patients, greatly improving their quality of life. In this study, biosimilars Binocrit and a development product, called here CIGB-EPO, were compared to the originator product, Eprex. All three are epoetin alpha products, reputed to have similar glycosylation profiles. The quality, safety, and efficacy of this biotherapeutic depend on the following glycosylation critical quality attributes (GCQAs): sialylation, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content, branching, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) extensions, and O-acetylation pattern. Reverse-phase ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) analysis of acid-released, 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) labeled sialic acid derivatives and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) in combination with mass spectrometry (HILIC-UHPLC-MS) of procainamide (PROC) labeled N-glycans were the analytical tools used. An automated method for enzymatic release and PROC labeling was applied for the first time to the erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA) products, which facilitated novel, in-depth characterization, and allowed identification of precise structural features including the location of O-acetyl groups on sialic acid (SA) moieties. Samples were digested by a sialate-O-acetylesterase (NanS) to confirm the presence of O-acetyl groups. It was found that Eprex contained the greatest relative abundance of O-acetylated derivatives, Binocrit expressed the least Neu5Gc, and CIGB-EPO showed the greatest variety of high-mannose-phosphate structures. The sialylation and LacNAc extension patterns of the three ESAs were similar, with a maximum of four N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) moieties detected per glycan. Such differences in SA derivatization, particularly O-acetylation, could have consequences for the quality and safety of a biotherapeutic, as well as its efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca I Thomson
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading , Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
| | - Richard A Gardner
- Ludger, Ltd. , Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 3EB, United Kingdom
| | - Katja Strohfeldt
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading , Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
| | - Daryl L Fernandes
- Ludger, Ltd. , Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 3EB, United Kingdom
| | - Graham P Stafford
- Integrated BioSciences, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield , Sheffield, S10 2TA, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel I R Spencer
- Ludger, Ltd. , Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 3EB, United Kingdom
| | - Helen M I Osborn
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading , Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Furuki K, Toyo’oka T, Ban K. Highly sensitive glycosylamine labelling of O-glycans using non-reductive β-elimination. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:2269-2283. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-0171-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
24
|
Dumont J, Euwart D, Mei B, Estes S, Kshirsagar R. Human cell lines for biopharmaceutical manufacturing: history, status, and future perspectives. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2016; 36:1110-1122. [PMID: 26383226 PMCID: PMC5152558 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2015.1084266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Biotherapeutic proteins represent a mainstay of treatment for a multitude of conditions, for example, autoimmune disorders, hematologic disorders, hormonal dysregulation, cancers, infectious diseases and genetic disorders. The technologies behind their production have changed substantially since biotherapeutic proteins were first approved in the 1980s. Although most biotherapeutic proteins developed to date have been produced using the mammalian Chinese hamster ovary and murine myeloma (NS0, Sp2/0) cell lines, there has been a recent shift toward the use of human cell lines. One of the most important advantages of using human cell lines for protein production is the greater likelihood that the resulting recombinant protein will bear post-translational modifications (PTMs) that are consistent with those seen on endogenous human proteins. Although other mammalian cell lines can produce PTMs similar to human cells, they also produce non-human PTMs, such as galactose-α1,3-galactose and N-glycolylneuraminic acid, which are potentially immunogenic. In addition, human cell lines are grown easily in a serum-free suspension culture, reproduce rapidly and have efficient protein production. A possible disadvantage of using human cell lines is the potential for human-specific viral contamination, although this risk can be mitigated with multiple viral inactivation or clearance steps. In addition, while human cell lines are currently widely used for biopharmaceutical research, vaccine production and production of some licensed protein therapeutics, there is a relative paucity of clinical experience with human cell lines because they have only recently begun to be used for the manufacture of proteins (compared with other types of cell lines). With additional research investment, human cell lines may be further optimized for routine commercial production of a broader range of biotherapeutic proteins.
Collapse
|
25
|
Gugliotta A, Ceaglio N, Raud B, Forno G, Mauro L, Kratje R, Oggero M. Glycosylation and antiproliferative activity of hyperglycosylated IFN-α2 potentiate HEK293 cells as biofactories. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 112:119-131. [PMID: 27867113 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Both CHO and HEK cells are interesting hosts for the production of biotherapeutics due to their ability to introduce post-translational modifications such as glycosylation. Even though oligosaccharide structures attached to proteins are conserved among eukaryotes, many differences have been found between therapeutic glycoproteins expressed in hamster and human derived cells. In this work, a hyperglycosylated IFN-α2b mutein (IFN4N) was produced in CHO and HEK cell lines and an extensive characterization of their properties was performed. IFN4NCHO exhibited a higher average molecular mass and more acidic isoforms compared to IFN4NHEK. In agreement with these results, a 2-times higher sialic acid content was found for IFN4NCHO in comparison with the HEK-derived protein. This result was in agreement with monosaccharide quantification and glycan's analysis using WAX chromatography and HILIC coupled to mass spectrometry; all methods supported the existence of highly sialylated and also branched structures for IFN4NCHO glycans, in contrast with smaller and truncated structures among IFN4NHEK glycans. Unexpectedly, those remarkable differences in the glycosylation pattern had not a considerable impact on the clearance rate of both molecules in rats. In fact, although IFN4NHEK reached maximum plasma concentration 3-times faster than IFN4NCHO, their elimination profile did not differ significantly. Also, despite the in vitro antiviral specific biological activity of both proteins was the same, IFN4NHEK was more efficient as an antiproliferative agent in different tumor-derived cell lines. Accordingly, IFN4NHEK showed a higher in vivo antitumor activity in animal models. Our results show the importance of an appropriate host selection to set up a bioprocess and potentiate the use of HEK293 cells for the production of a new hyperglycosylated protein-based pharmaceutical.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Gugliotta
- UNL, CONICET, FBCB, Cell Culture Laboratory, Ciudad Universitaria UNL.C.C. 242, (S3000ZAA) Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Natalia Ceaglio
- UNL, CONICET, FBCB, Cell Culture Laboratory, Ciudad Universitaria UNL.C.C. 242, (S3000ZAA) Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Brenda Raud
- UNL, FBCB, Cell Culture Laboratory, Ciudad Universitaria UNL.C.C. 242, (S3000ZAA) Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Guillermina Forno
- UNL, FBCB, Cell Culture Laboratory, Ciudad Universitaria UNL.C.C. 242, (S3000ZAA) Santa Fe, Argentina; Zelltek S.A., PTLC RN 168, (S3000ZAA) Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Laura Mauro
- Zelltek S.A., PTLC RN 168, (S3000ZAA) Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Kratje
- UNL, CONICET, FBCB, Cell Culture Laboratory, Ciudad Universitaria UNL.C.C. 242, (S3000ZAA) Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Marcos Oggero
- UNL, CONICET, FBCB, Cell Culture Laboratory, Ciudad Universitaria UNL.C.C. 242, (S3000ZAA) Santa Fe, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Saldova R, Kilcoyne M, Stöckmann H, Millán Martín S, Lewis AM, Tuite CME, Gerlach JQ, Le Berre M, Borys MC, Li ZJ, Abu-Absi NR, Leister K, Joshi L, Rudd PM. Advances in analytical methodologies to guide bioprocess engineering for bio-therapeutics. Methods 2016; 116:63-83. [PMID: 27832969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to monitor the glycoform distribution of a recombinant antibody fusion protein expressed in CHO cells over the course of fed-batch bioreactor runs using high-throughput methods to accurately determine the glycosylation status of the cell culture and its product. Three different bioreactors running similar conditions were analysed at the same five time-points using the advanced methods described here. N-glycans from cell and secreted glycoproteins from CHO cells were analysed by HILIC-UPLC and MS, and the total glycosylation (both N- and O-linked glycans) secreted from the CHO cells were analysed by lectin microarrays. Cell glycoproteins contained mostly high mannose type N-linked glycans with some complex glycans; sialic acid was α-(2,3)-linked, galactose β-(1,4)-linked, with core fucose. Glycans attached to secreted glycoproteins were mostly complex with sialic acid α-(2,3)-linked, galactose β-(1,4)-linked, with mostly core fucose. There were no significant differences noted among the bioreactors in either the cell pellets or supernatants using the HILIC-UPLC method and only minor differences at the early time-points of days 1 and 3 by the lectin microarray method. In comparing different time-points, significant decreases in sialylation and branching with time were observed for glycans attached to both cell and secreted glycoproteins. Additionally, there was a significant decrease over time in high mannose type N-glycans from the cell glycoproteins. A combination of the complementary methods HILIC-UPLC and lectin microarrays could provide a powerful and rapid HTP profiling tool capable of yielding qualitative and quantitative data for a defined biopharmaceutical process, which would allow valuable near 'real-time' monitoring of the biopharmaceutical product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radka Saldova
- NIBRT GlycoScience Group, The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Fosters Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Michelle Kilcoyne
- Glycoscience Group, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland; Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Henning Stöckmann
- NIBRT GlycoScience Group, The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Fosters Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Silvia Millán Martín
- NIBRT GlycoScience Group, The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Fosters Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Amanda M Lewis
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, BMS, Biologics Development, 38 Jackson Road, Devens, MA 01434, USA.
| | - Catherine M E Tuite
- Glycoscience Group, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Jared Q Gerlach
- Glycoscience Group, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland; Regenerative Medicine Institute, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Marie Le Berre
- Glycoscience Group, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Michael C Borys
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, BMS, Biologics Development, 38 Jackson Road, Devens, MA 01434, USA.
| | - Zheng Jian Li
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, BMS, Biologics Development, 38 Jackson Road, Devens, MA 01434, USA.
| | - Nicholas R Abu-Absi
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, BMS, Biologics Development, 38 Jackson Road, Devens, MA 01434, USA.
| | - Kirk Leister
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, BMS, Biologics Development, 38 Jackson Road, Devens, MA 01434, USA.
| | - Lokesh Joshi
- Glycoscience Group, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Pauline M Rudd
- NIBRT GlycoScience Group, The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Fosters Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Okano M, Sato M, Kageyama S. Mass spectrometric characterisation of darbepoetin alfa biosimilars withC-terminal arginine residues. Drug Test Anal 2016; 8:1138-1146. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.2102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masato Okano
- Anti-Doping Laboratory; LSI Medience Corporation; Tokyo Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Sato
- Anti-Doping Laboratory; LSI Medience Corporation; Tokyo Japan
| | - Shinji Kageyama
- Anti-Doping Laboratory; LSI Medience Corporation; Tokyo Japan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Liu T, Guo H, Zhu L, Zheng Y, Xu J, Guo Q, Zhang D, Qian W, Dai J, Guo Y, Hou S, Wang H. Fast Characterization of Fc-Containing Proteins by Middle-Down Mass Spectrometry Following IdeS Digestion. Chromatographia 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-016-3173-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
29
|
Hintersteiner B, Lingg N, Zhang P, Woen S, Hoi KM, Stranner S, Wiederkum S, Mutschlechner O, Schuster M, Loibner H, Jungbauer A. Charge heterogeneity: Basic antibody charge variants with increased binding to Fc receptors. MAbs 2016; 8:1548-1560. [PMID: 27559765 PMCID: PMC5098448 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2016.1225642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We identified active isoforms of the chimeric anti-GD2 antibody, ch14.18, a recombinant antibody produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells, which is already used in clinical trials.1,2,3 We separated the antibody by high resolution ion-exchange chromatography with linear pH gradient elution into acidic, main and basic charge variants on a preparative scale yielding enough material for an in-depth study of the sources and the effects of microheterogeneity. The binding affinity of the charge variants toward the antigen and various cell surface receptors was studied by Biacore. Effector functions were evaluated using cellular assays for antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity. Basic charge variants showed increased binding to cell surface receptor FcγRIIIa, which plays a major role in regulating effector functions. Furthermore, increased binding of the basic fractions to the neonatal receptor was observed. As this receptor mediates the prolonged half-life of IgG in human serum, this data may well hint at an increased serum half-life of these basic variants compared to their more acidic counterparts. Different glycoform patterns, C-terminal lysine clipping and N-terminal pyroglutamate formation were identified as the main structural sources for the observed isoform pattern. Potential differences in structural stability between individual charge variant fractions by nano differential scanning calorimetry could not been detected. Our in-vitro data suggests that the connection between microheterogeneity and the biological activity of recombinant antibody therapeutics deserves more attention than commonly accepted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beate Hintersteiner
- a Department of Biotechnology , University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Nico Lingg
- a Department of Biotechnology , University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Peiqing Zhang
- b Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , Centros , Singapore
| | - Susanto Woen
- b Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , Centros , Singapore
| | - Kong Meng Hoi
- b Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , Centros , Singapore
| | - Stefan Stranner
- c Apeiron Biologics AG, Campus-Vienna-Biocenter , Vienna , Austria
| | | | | | - Manfred Schuster
- c Apeiron Biologics AG, Campus-Vienna-Biocenter , Vienna , Austria
| | - Hans Loibner
- c Apeiron Biologics AG, Campus-Vienna-Biocenter , Vienna , Austria
| | - Alois Jungbauer
- a Department of Biotechnology , University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Glycans or carbohydrates attached to therapeutic glycoproteins can directly affect product quality, safety and efficacy, and therefore must be adequately analyzed and controlled throughout product life cycles. However, the complexity of protein glycosylation poses a daunting analytical challenge. In this study, we evaluated the utility of a lectin microarray for assessing protein glycans. Using commercial lectin chips, which contain 45 lectins toward distinct glycan structures, we were able to determine the lectin binding patterns of a panel of 15 therapeutic proteins, including 8 monoclonal antibodies. Lectin binding signals were analyzed to generate glycan profiles that were generally consistent with the known glycan patterns for these glycoproteins. In particular, the lectin-based microarray was found to be highly sensitive to variations in the terminal carbohydrate structures such as galactose versus sialic acid epitopes. These data suggest that lectin microarray could be used for screening glycan patterns of therapeutic glycoproteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- a Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring , MD , USA
| | - Shen Luo
- a Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring , MD , USA
| | - Baolin Zhang
- a Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring , MD , USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chan KF, Shahreel W, Wan C, Teo G, Hayati N, Tay SJ, Tong WH, Yang Y, Rudd PM, Zhang P, Song Z. Inactivation of GDP-fucose transporter gene (Slc35c1) in CHO cells by ZFNs, TALENs and CRISPR-Cas9 for production of fucose-free antibodies. Biotechnol J 2015; 11:399-414. [PMID: 26471004 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201500331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Removal of core fucose from N-glycans attached to human IgG1 significantly enhances its affinity for the receptor FcγRIII and thereby dramatically improves its antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity activity. While previous works have shown that inactivation of fucosyltransferase 8 results in mutants capable of producing fucose-free antibodies, we report here the use of genome editing techniques, namely ZFNs, TALENs and the CRISPR-Cas9, to inactivate the GDP-fucose transporter (SLC35C1) in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. A FACS approach coupled with a fucose-specific lectin was developed to rapidly isolate SLC35C1-deficient cells. Mass spectrometry analysis showed that both EPO-Fc produced in mutants arising from CHO-K1 and anti-Her2 antibody produced in mutants arising from a pre-existing antibody-producing CHO-HER line lacked core fucose. Lack of functional SLC35C1 in these cells does not affect cell growth or antibody productivity. Our data demonstrate that inactivating Slc35c1 gene represents an alternative approach to generate CHO cells for production of fucose-free antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kah Fai Chan
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wahyu Shahreel
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Corrine Wan
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gavin Teo
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Noor Hayati
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shi Jie Tay
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wen Han Tong
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuansheng Yang
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pauline M Rudd
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peiqing Zhang
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhiwei Song
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Characterization of a sialate-O-acetylesterase (NanS) from the oral pathogen Tannerella forsythia that enhances sialic acid release by NanH, its cognate sialidase. Biochem J 2015; 472:157-67. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20150388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We characterize a novel bacterial sialate-O-acetylesterase potentially important for the nutrition of oral pathogens causing periodontal disease by enhancing their ability to harvest sialic acid sugar. Its high activity and stability indicate that it can also be used in glycan pharmacoanalytics.
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glycans are increasingly important in the development of new biopharmaceuticals with optimized efficacy, half-life, and antigenicity. Current expression platforms for recombinant glycoprotein therapeutics typically do not produce homogeneous glycans and frequently display non-human glycans which may cause unwanted side effects. To circumvent these issues, glyco-engineering has been applied to different expression systems including mammalian cells, insect cells, yeast, and plants. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes recent developments in glyco-engineering focusing mainly on in vivo expression systems for recombinant proteins. The highlighted strategies aim at producing glycoproteins with homogeneous N- and O-linked glycans of defined composition. EXPERT OPINION Glyco-engineering of expression platforms is increasingly recognized as an important strategy to improve biopharmaceuticals. A better understanding and control of the factors leading to glycan heterogeneity will allow simplified production of recombinant glycoprotein therapeutics with less variation in terms of glycosylation. Further technological advances will have a major impact on manufacturing processes and may provide a completely new class of glycoprotein therapeutics with customized functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Dicker
- a 1 University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences , Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology , Muthgasse 18, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Strasser
- b 2 University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology , Muthgasse 18, Vienna, Austria +43 1 47654 6705 ; +43 1 47654 6392 ;
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kozak RP, Tortosa CB, Fernandes DL, Spencer DIR. Comparison of procainamide and 2-aminobenzamide labeling for profiling and identification of glycans by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection coupled to electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2015; 486:38-40. [PMID: 26079702 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
One of the most widely used methods for glycan analysis is fluorescent labeling of released glycans followed by hydrophilic interaction chromatography-(ultra-)high-performance liquid chromatography [HILIC-(U)HPLC]. Here, we compare the data obtained by (U)HPLC-fluorescence (FLR) coupled to electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) for procainamide and 2-aminobenzamide (2-AB)-labeled N-glycans released from human immunoglobulin G (IgG). Fluorescence profiles from procainamide show comparable chromatographic separation to those obtained for 2-AB but gave higher fluorescence intensity as well as significantly improved ESI efficiency (up to 30 times that of 2-AB). Thus, labeling with procainamide increases the ability to identify minor glycan species that may have significant biological activity.
Collapse
|
35
|
Park HH, Choi J, Lee HJ, Ryu J, Park JH, Rhee WJ, Park TH. Enhancement of human erythropoietin production in Chinese hamster ovary cells through supplementation of 30Kc19-30Kc6 fusion protein. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
36
|
Salgado ER, Montesino R, Jiménez SP, González M, Hugues F, Cabezas OI, Maura-Perez R, Saavedra P, Lamazares E, Salas-Burgos A, Vera JC, Sánchez O, Toledo JR. Post-translational modification of a chimeric EPO-Fc hormone is more important than its molecular size in defining its in vivo hematopoietic activity. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:1685-93. [PMID: 25960389 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recombinant erythropoietin (EPO) has been marketed as biopharmaceutical for anemia and chronic renal failure. Long-acting EPO variants that aimed at achieving less frequent dosing have been generated, either by the addition of glycosylation sites or increasing its molecular weight. METHODS The hEPO cDNA linked to the human IgG Fc fragment was cloned as a single codifying gene on the pAdtrack-CMV vector, yielding the recombinant adenoviral genome. For in vitro and in vivo expression assays cervical cancer cell line (SiHa) and nulliparous goats were used, respectively. The hematopoietic activity of EPO-Fc, expressed as the differential increment of hematocrit was evaluated in B6D2F1 mice. NP-HPLC of the 2AB-labeled N-glycan was carried out to profile analysis. RESULTS The direct transduction of mammary secretory cells with adenoviral vector is a robust methodology to obtain high levels of EPO of up to 3.5mg/mL in goat's milk. SiHa-derived EPO-Fc showed significant improvement in hematopoietic activity compared to the commercial hEPO counterpart or with the homologous milk-derived EPO-Fc. The role of the molecular weight seemed to be important in enhancing the hematopoietic activity of SiHa-derived EPO-Fc. However, the lack of sialylated multi-antennary glycosylation profile in milk-derived EPO-Fc resulted in lower biological activity. CONCLUSIONS The low content of tri- or tetra-antennary sialylated N-glycans linked to the chimeric EPO-Fc hormone, expressed in the goat mammary gland epithelial cells, defined its in vivo hematopoietic activity. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The sialylated N-glycan content plays a more significant role in the in vivo biological activity of hEPO than its increased molecular weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilio R Salgado
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Department of Physiopathology, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Raquel Montesino
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Department of Physiopathology, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Sivana P Jiménez
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Department of Physiopathology, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Mauricio González
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Department of Physiopathology, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Florence Hugues
- Clinical Sciences Department, School of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Avenida Vicente Méndez 595, Chillan, Chile
| | - Oscar I Cabezas
- Clinical Sciences Department, School of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Avenida Vicente Méndez 595, Chillan, Chile
| | - Rafael Maura-Perez
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Department of Physiopathology, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Paulina Saavedra
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Department of Physiopathology, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Emilio Lamazares
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Department of Physiopathology, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Alexis Salas-Burgos
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Juan C Vera
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Department of Physiopathology, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Oliberto Sánchez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jorge R Toledo
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Department of Physiopathology, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160C, Concepción, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
|
38
|
Heartlein M, Kimura A. Discovery and Clinical Development of Idursulfase (Elaprase®) for the Treatment of Mucopolysaccharidosis II (Hunter Syndrome). ORPHAN DRUGS AND RARE DISEASES 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782624202-00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis II (MPS II), also known as Hunter syndrome, is a rare X-linked recessive lysosomal storage disorder with an incidence of 1 in 100 000 to 160 000 live births. The clinical disease is caused by a deficiency of iduronate-2-sulfatase, which results in a chronic and progressive accumulation of glycosaminoglycans or GAGs in nearly all cell types, tissues and organs of the body. Clinical manifestations of MPS II disease include airway obstruction and compromised lung capacity, cardiomyopathy and valvular heart disease, hepatosplenomegaly, severe skeletal deformities, and neurological decline in most patients. The lack of an effective treatment and the successes of enzyme replacement therapies (ERTs) for other lysosomal storage diseases motivated the development of an ERT for MPS II. Iduronate-2-sulfatase (idursulfase) was produced by recombinant DNA technology in a fully human protein production system which, importantly, resulted in the production of idursulfase with human glycosylation. The non-clinical development of idursulfase progressed from proof-of-principle pharmacodynamic studies, to dose and dose-frequency studies, to an analysis of tissue biodistribution of the enzyme, and finally to pharmacokinetic and toxicological assessments. The clinical development of the final drug product, called Elaprase® (Shire Human Genetic Therapies, Inc., Lexington, MA), consisted of an initial Phase I/II study, followed by a Phase II/III pivotal trial. The results of the Phase II/III showed that intravenous infusions of Elaprase were generally well tolerated, and that a weekly dosing regimen provided significant clinical benefit to MPS II patients as demonstrated by improvements in walking ability and pulmonary function. Elaprase received marketing authorisation in the USA in 2006 and in Europe in 2007. During this era, the development of Elaprase as an effective therapy for MPS II patients, was part of a continuum of many important scientific and medical advances in the field of rare genetic diseases.
Collapse
|
39
|
The choice of mammalian cell host and possibilities for glycosylation engineering. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2014; 30:107-12. [PMID: 25005678 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Non-human mammalian cells such as CHO have been used predominantly for the production of biopharmaceuticals including monoclonal antibodies (Mabs). Although the glycosylation profile of these products is 'human-like' there is still the possibility of immunogenic epitopes such as α-Gal and Neu5Gc. Human cell lines have now been designed for high productivity of recombinant proteins and ensuring authentic glycosylation patterns. The control of glycosylation on such proteins is important for the efficacy of recombinant biopharmaceuticals as well as the immunogenic properties of viral vaccines such as influenza. We are now starting to understand some of the relationships between the structure of glycans and the function bestowed on the associated protein. This has promoted cell culture technologies for the targeted control of glycosylation to produce pre-determined glycan profiles of secreted products.
Collapse
|
40
|
Jayo RG, Thaysen-Andersen M, Lindenburg PW, Haselberg R, Hankemeier T, Ramautar R, Chen DDY. Simple Capillary Electrophoresis–Mass Spectrometry Method for Complex Glycan Analysis Using a Flow-Through Microvial Interface. Anal Chem 2014; 86:6479-86. [DOI: 10.1021/ac5010212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roxana G. Jayo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Morten Thaysen-Andersen
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Petrus W. Lindenburg
- Division
of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2311 EZ Leiden, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, 2333
CC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Rob Haselberg
- Division
of BioAnalytical Chemistry, AIMMS research group BioMolecular Analysis, VU University 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Division
of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2311 EZ Leiden, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, 2333
CC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Rawi Ramautar
- Division
of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2311 EZ Leiden, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, 2333
CC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - David D. Y. Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kozak RP, Royle L, Gardner RA, Bondt A, Fernandes DL, Wuhrer M. Improved nonreductive O-glycan release by hydrazinolysis with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid addition. Anal Biochem 2014; 453:29-37. [PMID: 24613257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2014.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The study of protein O-glycosylation is receiving increasing attention in biological, medical, and biopharmaceutical research. Improved techniques are required to allow reproducible and quantitative analysis of O-glycans. An established approach for O-glycan analysis relies on their chemical release in high yield by hydrazinolysis, followed by fluorescent labeling at the reducing terminus and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) profiling. However, an unwanted degradation known as "peeling" often compromises hydrazinolysis for O-glycan analysis. Here we addressed this problem using low-molarity solutions of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in hydrazine for O-glycan release. O-linked glycans from a range of different glycoproteins were analyzed, including bovine fetuin, bovine submaxillary gland mucin, and serum immunoglobulin A (IgA). The data for the O-glycans released by hydrazine with anhydrous EDTA or disodium salt dihydrate EDTA show high yields of the native O-glycans compared with the peeled product, resulting in a markedly increased robustness of the O-glycan profiling method. The presented method for O-glycan release demonstrates significant reduction in peeling and reduces the number of sample handling steps prior to release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Louise Royle
- Ludger, Culham Science Centre, Oxfordshire OX14 3EB, UK
| | | | - Albert Bondt
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands; Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Goh JSY, Liu Y, Liu H, Chan KF, Wan C, Teo G, Zhou X, Xie F, Zhang P, Zhang Y, Song Z. Highly sialylated recombinant human erythropoietin production in large-scale perfusion bioreactor utilizing CHO-gmt4 (JW152) with restored GnT I function. Biotechnol J 2013; 9:100-9. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201300301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
43
|
Reichel C. Differences in sialic acid O-acetylation between human urinary and recombinant erythropoietins: a possible mass spectrometric marker for doping control. Drug Test Anal 2013; 5:877-89. [PMID: 24353190 DOI: 10.1002/dta.1563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Development of a mass spectrometric method for the unambiguous detection of doping with recombinant human erythropoietins (rhEPO) has been attempted for many years. Unfortunately, progress in this field was hampered by the unavailability of highly purified human endogenous EPOs (urinary[uhEPO], serum/plasma EPO)--a prerequisite for generating detailed mass spectrometric glycosylation data necessary for revealing significant differences between uhEPO and rhEPOs. The paper presents the worldwide first analytical data on purified human urinary EPO generated with a high resolution high accuracy mass spectrometer (LTQ-Orbitrap). The focus is on the tryptic O-glycopeptide (E117-R131) and its degree of sialic acid O-acetylation. Data are compared with results obtained from 40 rhEPO pharmaceuticals. It could be demonstrated that the O-glycopeptide of uhEPO (ca 100 IU) contains only trace amounts of mono-acetylated mono-and di-sialylated O-glycans but no other O-acetylated structures and in this respect significantly differs from all rhEPOs. Moreover, Dynepo--a rhEPO previously thought to be not O-acetylated--also contains small amounts of O-acetylations within the O-glycan structure. The results might be useful for anti-doping purposes as well as the development of EPO pharmaceuticals with closer structural similarity to the endogenous hormone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Reichel
- Doping Control Laboratory, AIT Seibersdorf Laboratories, A-2444, Seibersdorf, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Daramola O, Stevenson J, Dean G, Hatton D, Pettman G, Holmes W, Field R. A high-yielding CHO transient system: Coexpression of genes encoding EBNA-1 and GS enhances transient protein expression. Biotechnol Prog 2013; 30:132-41. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olalekan Daramola
- Cell Sciences; Biopharmaceutical Development, MedImmune; Cambridge CB21 6GH U.K
| | - Jessica Stevenson
- Cell Sciences; Biopharmaceutical Development, MedImmune; Cambridge CB21 6GH U.K
| | - Greg Dean
- Cell Sciences; Biopharmaceutical Development, MedImmune; Cambridge CB21 6GH U.K
| | - Diane Hatton
- Cell Sciences; Biopharmaceutical Development, MedImmune; Cambridge CB21 6GH U.K
| | - Gary Pettman
- Cell Sciences; Biopharmaceutical Development, MedImmune; Cambridge CB21 6GH U.K
| | - William Holmes
- Cell Sciences; Biopharmaceutical Development, MedImmune; Cambridge CB21 6GH U.K
| | - Ray Field
- Cell Sciences; Biopharmaceutical Development, MedImmune; Cambridge CB21 6GH U.K
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Harazono A, Hashii N, Kuribayashi R, Nakazawa S, Kawasaki N. Mass spectrometric glycoform profiling of the innovator and biosimilar erythropoietin and darbepoetin by LC/ESI-MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 83:65-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
46
|
Gel electrophoretic methods for the analysis of biosimilar pharmaceuticals using the example of recombinant erythropoietin. Bioanalysis 2013; 5:587-602. [PMID: 23425274 DOI: 10.4155/bio.13.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their versatility and cost-effectiveness, gel electrophoretic methods provide an important set of tools for the analysis of therapeutic proteins. As an increasing number of biosimilar pharmaceuticals are entering the market, techniques are required that allow reliable demonstration of comparability of these products with the reference products. Isoelectric focusing, SDS-PAGE, native PAGE and 2D electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) have been frequently applied for this purpose. Supplementary techniques are fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis and sarcosyl-PAGE. Of additional importance is the comparison of recombinant with endogenously synthesized glycoproteins. Reagent array analysis combined with SDS-PAGE and western blotting proved especially useful for this purpose. As an example for the application of these methods, the analysis of recombinant originator erythropoietins and some of their biosimilar counterparts is described.
Collapse
|
47
|
Analytical platform for glycomic characterization of recombinant erythropoietin biotherapeutics and biosimilars by MS. Bioanalysis 2013; 5:545-59. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.12.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Erythropoietin is a therapeutic glycoprotein that stimulates red blood cell production. The quality, safety and potency of recombinant erythropoietins are determined largely by their glycosylation. Small variations in cell culture conditions can significantly affect the glycosylation, and therefore the efficacy, of recombinant erythropoietins. Thus, detailed glycomic analyses are necessary to assess biotherapeutic quality. We have developed a platform for qualitative and quantitative glycomic analysis of recombinant erythropoietins. Results: The platform was used to profile native N-glycans from three production batches of darbepoetin alfa (also known as NESP), a common form of recombinant erythropoietin. Darbepoetin alfa was found to contain an abundance of large, multi-antennary N-glycans with high levels of sialylation, O-acetylation and dehydration. Results were verified by independent orthogonal analysis with both MALDI-TOF and nano-LC/Q-TOF MS. Conclusion: This platform may be applied to QC and batch analysis of not only recombinant erythropoietin, but also other complex, glycosylated biotherapeutics and biosimilars.
Collapse
|
48
|
Castilho A, Neumann L, Gattinger P, Strasser R, Vorauer-Uhl K, Sterovsky T, Altmann F, Steinkellner H. Generation of biologically active multi-sialylated recombinant human EPOFc in plants. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54836. [PMID: 23372778 PMCID: PMC3555983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycosylated proteins are more stable, show increased serum half-life and less sensitivity to proteolysis compared to non-sialylated forms. This applies particularly to recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO). Recent progress in N-glycoengineering of non-mammalian expression hosts resulted in in vivo protein sialylation at great homogeneity. However the synthesis of multi-sialylated N-glycans is so far restricted to mammalian cells. Here we used a plant based expression system to accomplish multi-antennary protein sialylation. A human erythropoietin fusion protein (EPOFc) was transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana ΔXTFT, a glycosylation mutant that lacks plant specific N-glycan residues. cDNA of the hormone was co-delivered into plants with the necessary genes for (i) branching (ii) β1,4-galactosylation as well as for the (iii) synthesis, transport and transfer of sialic acid. This resulted in the production of recombinant EPOFc carrying bi- tri- and tetra-sialylated complex N-glycans. The formation of this highly complex oligosaccharide structure required the coordinated expression of 11 human proteins acting in different subcellular compartments at different stages of the glycosylation pathway. In vitro receptor binding assays demonstrate the generation of biologically active molecules. We demonstrate the in planta synthesis of one of the most complex mammalian glycoforms pointing to an outstanding high degree of tolerance to changes in the glycosylation pathway in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Castilho
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Neumann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pia Gattinger
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Strasser
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karola Vorauer-Uhl
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Friedrich Altmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Herta Steinkellner
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Mammalian Cell Line Developments in Speed and Efficiency. MAMMALIAN CELL CULTURES FOR BIOLOGICS MANUFACTURING 2013; 139:11-33. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2013_260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
50
|
Szabo Z, Bones J, Guttman A, Glick J, Karger BL. Sialic acid speciation using capillary electrophoresis: optimization of analyte derivatization and separation. Anal Chem 2012; 84:7638-42. [PMID: 22901108 DOI: 10.1021/ac301840f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis with laser induced fluorescence detection (CE-LIF) was employed for rapid sialic acid speciation, facilitating the quantitative determination of N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) and N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) on glycoproteins. Derivatization of the sialic acids with 2-aminoacridone (2-AMAC), using classical reductive amination in a nonaqueous solvent, led to the spontaneous decarboxylation of the sialic acid residues as determined by CE-LIF and offline mass spectrometric analysis. Modification of both the labeling conditions, to drive the decarboxylation reaction to completion and the CE-LIF parameters to separate the neutral species by complexation with a neutral coated capillary and borate reversed polarity, led to a robust platform for the rapid, sensitive, and quantitative speciation of sialic acids. The method can readily be used for quality control of recombinant biopharmaceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Szabo
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|