1
|
Kawaguchi Y, Futaki S. Finding ways into the cytosol: Peptide-mediated approaches for delivering proteins into cells. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2024; 81:102482. [PMID: 38905721 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.102482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
The delivery of functional proteins, including antibodies, into cells opens up many opportunities to regulate cellular events, with significant implications for studies in chemical biology and therapeutics. The inside of cells is isolated from the outside by the cell membrane. The hydrophilic nature of proteins prevents direct permeation of proteins through the cell membrane by passive diffusion. Therefore, delivery routes using endocytic uptake followed by endosomal escape have been explored. Alternatively, delivery concepts using transient permeabilization of cell membranes or effective promotion of endocytic uptake and endosomal escape using modified membrane-lytic peptides have been reported in recent years. Non-canonical protein delivery concepts, such as the use of liquid droplets or coacervates, have also been proposed. This review highlights some of the topics in peptide-mediated intracellular protein delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Kawaguchi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shiroh Futaki
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Moreira R, Nóbrega C, de Almeida LP, Mendonça L. Brain-targeted drug delivery - nanovesicles directed to specific brain cells by brain-targeting ligands. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:260. [PMID: 38760847 PMCID: PMC11100082 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02511-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by extensive loss of function or death of brain cells, hampering the life quality of patients. Brain-targeted drug delivery is challenging, with a low success rate this far. Therefore, the application of targeting ligands in drug vehicles, such as lipid-based and polymeric nanoparticles, holds the promise to overcome the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and direct therapies to the brain, in addition to protect their cargo from degradation and metabolization. In this review, we discuss the barriers to brain delivery and the different types of brain-targeting ligands currently in use in brain-targeted nanoparticles, such as peptides, proteins, aptamers, small molecules, and antibodies. Moreover, we present a detailed review of the different targeting ligands used to direct nanoparticles to specific brain cells, like neurons (C4-3 aptamer, neurotensin, Tet-1, RVG, and IKRG peptides), astrocytes (Aquaporin-4, D4, and Bradykinin B2 antibodies), oligodendrocytes (NG-2 antibody and the biotinylated DNA aptamer conjugated to a streptavidin core Myaptavin-3064), microglia (CD11b antibody), neural stem cells (QTRFLLH, VPTQSSG, and NFL-TBS.40-63 peptides), and to endothelial cells of the BBB (transferrin and insulin proteins, and choline). Reports demonstrated enhanced brain-targeted delivery with improved transport to the specific cell type targeted with the conjugation of these ligands to nanoparticles. Hence, this strategy allows the implementation of high-precision medicine, with reduced side effects or unwanted therapy clearance from the body. Nevertheless, the accumulation of some of these nanoparticles in peripheral organs has been reported indicating that there are still factors to be improved to achieve higher levels of brain targeting. This review is a collection of studies exploring targeting ligands for the delivery of nanoparticles to the brain and we highlight the advantages and limitations of this type of approach in precision therapies.
Collapse
Grants
- under BrainHealth2020 projects (CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000008), through the COMPETE 2020 - Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalization and Portuguese national funds via FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, under projects - UIDB/04539/2020 and UIDP/04539/2020, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030737 (NeuroStemForMJD, PTDC/BTM-ORG/30737/2017), CEECIND/04242/2017, and PhD Scholarship European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the Centro 2020 Regional Operational Programme
- under BrainHealth2020 projects (CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000008), through the COMPETE 2020 - Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalization and Portuguese national funds via FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, under projects - UIDB/04539/2020 and UIDP/04539/2020, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030737 (NeuroStemForMJD, PTDC/BTM-ORG/30737/2017), CEECIND/04242/2017, and PhD Scholarship European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the Centro 2020 Regional Operational Programme
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Moreira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, polo 1, Coimbra, FMUC, 3004-504, Portugal
- CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3004-504, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000-548, Portugal
| | - Clévio Nóbrega
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Luís Pereira de Almeida
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, polo 1, Coimbra, FMUC, 3004-504, Portugal
- CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3004-504, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000-548, Portugal
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3030-789, Portugal
| | - Liliana Mendonça
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, polo 1, Coimbra, FMUC, 3004-504, Portugal.
- CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3004-504, Portugal.
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3030-789, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Akita T, Shimamura M, Tezuka A, Takagi M, Yamashita C. GLP-1 derivatives with functional sequences transit and migrate through trigeminal neurons. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 195:114176. [PMID: 38185192 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Patients with dementia are increasing with the aging of the population, and dementia has become a disease with high unmet medical needs. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), a neuropeptide, has been reported to improve learning and memory following intracerebroventricular administration. We focused on intranasal administration, which can deliver drugs noninvasively and efficiently to the brain. Although much of the human nasal mucosa is occupied by respiratory epithelium, many capillaries are present in the paracellular route of respiratory epithelium. Therefore, to incorporate GLP-1 into cells, we created a GLP-1 derivative by adding cell-penetrating peptides (CPP) and penetration accelerating sequences (PAS) to GLP-1. We investigated in vitro and in vivo function of PAS-CPP-GLP-1 to enable the translocation of GLP-1 directly from nose to brain. PAS-CPP-GLP-1 enhanced cellular uptake by macropinocytosis with CPP, efficiently escaped from the endosomes due to PAS, and exited the cells. PAS-CPP-GLP-1 also transited trigeminal nerve cells through axon transport and migrated to the adjacent trigeminal nerve cell. Moreover, PAS-CPP-GLP-1 showed significant improvement in learning memory in mice within 20 min of intranasal administration. These results suggested CPP and PAS may be important for the efficient transfer of GLP-1 to the site of action in the brain following intranasal administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Akita
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Mizuki Shimamura
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Ayano Tezuka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Marina Takagi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Chikamasa Yamashita
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Maity B, Moorthy H, Govindaraju T. Intrinsically Disordered Ku Protein-Derived Cell-Penetrating Peptides. ACS BIO & MED CHEM AU 2023; 3:471-479. [PMID: 38144254 PMCID: PMC10739243 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.3c00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Efficient delivery of bioactive ingredients into cells is a major challenge. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have emerged as promising vehicles for this purpose. We have developed novel CPPs derived from the flexible and disordered tail extensions of DNA-binding Ku proteins. Ku-P4, the lead CPP identified in this study, is biocompatible and displays high internalization efficacy. Biophysical studies show that the proline residue is crucial for preserving the intrinsically disordered state and biocompatibility. DNA binding studies showed effective DNA condensation to form a positively charged polyplex. The polyplex exhibited effective penetration through the cell membrane and delivered the plasmid DNA inside the cell. These novel CPPs have the potential to enhance the cellular uptake and therapeutic efficacy of peptide-drug or gene conjugates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biswanath Maity
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New
Chemistry Unit, and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research
(JNCASR), Jakkur P.O., Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka India
| | - Hariharan Moorthy
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New
Chemistry Unit, and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research
(JNCASR), Jakkur P.O., Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka India
| | - Thimmaiah Govindaraju
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New
Chemistry Unit, and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research
(JNCASR), Jakkur P.O., Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Arafiles JV, Franke J, Franz L, Gómez-González J, Kemnitz-Hassanin K, Hackenberger CPR. Cell-Surface-Retained Peptide Additives for the Cytosolic Delivery of Functional Proteins. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145. [PMID: 37906525 PMCID: PMC10655119 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The delivery of functional proteins remains a major challenge in advancing biological and pharmaceutical sciences. Herein, we describe a powerful, simple, and highly effective strategy for the intracellular delivery of functional cargoes. Previously, we demonstrated that cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) additives equipped with electrophilic thiol-reactive moieties temporarily attach to the cellular membrane, thereby facilitating the cellular uptake of protein- and antibody-CPP cargoes through direct membrane transduction at low concentrations. Now, we hypothesize that CPP-additives with an increased retention on the cellular membrane will further enhance intracellular uptake. We discovered that adding a small hydrophobic peptide sequence to an arginine-rich electrophilic CPP-additive further improved the uptake of protein-CPP conjugates, whereas larger hydrophobic anchors showed increased cytotoxicity. Cell viability and membrane integrity measurements, structure-activity relationship studies, and quantitative evaluation of protein-CPP uptake revealed important design principles for cell-surface-retained CPP-additives. These investigations allowed us to identify a nontoxic, thiol-reactive CPP-additive containing the hydrophobic ILFF sequence, which can deliver fluorescent model proteins at low micromolar concentrations. This hydrophobic CPP-additive allowed the addition of protein cargoes for intracellular delivery after initial additive incubation. Time-lapse fluorescence microscopy and membrane tension analysis of cells treated with fluorescent ILFF-CPP-additives supported the claim of increased cell surface retention and suggested that the protein-CPP cargoes enter the cell through a mechanism involving lowered cell membrane tension. Finally, we demonstrated that our newly engineered hydrophobic CPP-additive enabled the uptake of a functional macrocyclic peptidic MDM2-inhibitor and a recombinant genome editing protein. This indicates that the developed hydrophobic CPP-additive holds promise as a tool to enhance the intracellular delivery of peptide and protein cargoes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Vincent
V. Arafiles
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut
für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - Jonathan Franke
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut
für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, Berlin 13125, Germany
- Institut
für Chemie, Humboldt Universität
zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str.
2, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Luise Franz
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut
für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, Berlin 13125, Germany
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Jacobo Gómez-González
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut
für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - Kristin Kemnitz-Hassanin
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut
für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - Christian P. R. Hackenberger
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut
für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, Berlin 13125, Germany
- Institut
für Chemie, Humboldt Universität
zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str.
2, Berlin 12489, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Laniel A, Marouseau É, Nguyen DT, Froehlich U, McCartney C, Boudreault PL, Lavoie C. Characterization of PGua 4, a Guanidinium-Rich Peptoid that Delivers IgGs to the Cytosol via Macropinocytosis. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:1577-1590. [PMID: 36781165 PMCID: PMC9997486 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the structure-cellular penetration relationship of guanidinium-rich transporters (GRTs), we previously designed PGua4, a five-amino acid peptoid containing a conformationally restricted pattern of eight guanidines, which showed high cell-penetrating abilities and low cell toxicity. Herein, we characterized the cellular uptake selectivity, internalization pathway, and intracellular distribution of PGua4, as well as its capacity to deliver cargo. PGua4 exhibits higher penetration efficiency in HeLa cells than in six other cell lines (A549, Caco-2, fibroblast, HEK293, Mia-PaCa2, and MCF7) and is mainly internalized by clathrin-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis. Confocal microscopy showed that it remained trapped in endosomes at low concentrations but induced pH-dependent endosomal membrane destabilization at concentrations ≥10 μM, allowing its diffusion into the cytoplasm. Importantly, PGua4 significantly enhanced macropinocytosis and the cellular uptake and cytosolic delivery of large IgGs following noncovalent complexation. Therefore, in addition to its peptoid nature conferring high resistance to proteolysis, PGua4 presents characteristics of a promising tool for IgG delivery and therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andréanne Laniel
- Institut de Pharmacologie
de Sherbrooke, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty
of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Étienne Marouseau
- Institut de Pharmacologie
de Sherbrooke, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty
of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Duc Tai Nguyen
- Institut de Pharmacologie
de Sherbrooke, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty
of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Ulrike Froehlich
- Institut de Pharmacologie
de Sherbrooke, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty
of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Claire McCartney
- Institut de Pharmacologie
de Sherbrooke, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty
of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Pierre-Luc Boudreault
- Institut de Pharmacologie
de Sherbrooke, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty
of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Christine Lavoie
- Institut de Pharmacologie
de Sherbrooke, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty
of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Parrasia S, Szabò I, Zoratti M, Biasutto L. Peptides as Pharmacological Carriers to the Brain: Promises, Shortcomings and Challenges. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:3700-3729. [PMID: 36174227 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) diseases are among the most difficult to treat, mainly because the vast majority of the drugs fail to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) or to reach the brain at concentrations adequate to exert a pharmacological activity. The obstacle posed by the BBB has led to the in-depth study of strategies allowing the brain delivery of CNS-active drugs. Among the most promising strategies is the use of peptides addressed to the BBB. Peptides are versatile molecules that can be used to decorate nanoparticles or can be conjugated to drugs, with either a stable link or as pro-drugs. They have been used to deliver to the brain both small molecules and proteins, with applications in diverse therapeutic areas such as brain cancers, neurodegenerative diseases and imaging. Peptides can be generally classified as receptor-targeted, recognizing membrane proteins expressed by the BBB microvessels (e.g., Angiopep2, CDX, and iRGD), "cell-penetrating peptides" (CPPs; e.g. TAT47-57, SynB1/3, and Penetratin), undergoing transcytosis through unspecific mechanisms, or those exploiting a mixed approach. The advantages of peptides have been extensively pointed out, but so far few studies have focused on the potential negative aspects. Indeed, despite having a generally good safety profile, some peptide conjugates may display toxicological characteristics distinct from those of the peptide itself, causing for instance antigenicity, cardiovascular alterations or hemolysis. Other shortcomings are the often brief lifetime in vivo, caused by the presence of peptidases, the vulnerability to endosomal/lysosomal degradation, and the frequently still insufficient attainable increase of brain drug levels, which remain below the therapeutically useful concentrations. The aim of this review is to analyze not only the successful and promising aspects of the use of peptides in brain targeting but also the problems posed by this strategy for drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Parrasia
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Ildikò Szabò
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Mario Zoratti
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Lucia Biasutto
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Akita T, Oda Y, Kimura R, Nagai M, Tezuka A, Shimamura M, Washizu K, Oka JI, Yamashita C. Involvement of trigeminal axons in nose-to-brain delivery of glucagon-like peptide-2 derivative. J Control Release 2022; 351:573-580. [PMID: 36179766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In our previous study, we created a glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) derivative with the functional sequence PAS-CPP to achieve efficient uptake by the respiratory epithelium and trigeminal nerve. By using octaarginine for cell penetrating peptides (CPP) and FFLIPKG, a reverse sequence of a part of the cathepsin D sequence for the penetration accelerating sequence (PAS), we found that the derivative was taken up by the cells through macropinocytosis and efficiently escaped from the endosomes and exited the cells. Moreover, it showed drug effects by intranasal (in.) administration at the same dose as intracerebroventricular (icv.) administration, which is direct drug administration into the brain. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the cause of the drug effect of in. administered PAS-CPP-GLP-2 at the same dose as that by icv. Administration. The present results suggested that although icv. Administered PAS-CPP-GLP-2 entered the cerebrospinal fluid, it barely penetrated the perivascular space of the brain, and therefore, only a small amount of the administered dose may have reached the site of action in the brain. In contrast, it was qualitatively suggested that in. administered PAS-CPP-GLP-2 migrates from the trigeminal nerve to the central nervous system via the principal sensory trigeminal nucleus and then through the trigeminal lemniscus. The present results show that nose-to-brain delivery by trigeminal axons, which is assumed to be a transcellular pathway, may be possible. As the drug can be delivered into the nerve, it is expected to be applied not only as a central delivery route but also for the treatment of neurological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Akita
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yusuke Oda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kimura
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Mio Nagai
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Ayano Tezuka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Mizuki Shimamura
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kaho Washizu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichiro Oka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Chikamasa Yamashita
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hao M, Zhang L, Chen P. Membrane Internalization Mechanisms and Design Strategies of Arginine-Rich Cell-Penetrating Peptides. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169038. [PMID: 36012300 PMCID: PMC9409441 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been discovered to deliver chemical drugs, nucleic acids, and macromolecules to permeate cell membranes, creating a novel route for exogenous substances to enter cells. Up until now, various sequence structures and fundamental action mechanisms of CPPs have been established. Among them, arginine-rich peptides with unique cell penetration properties have attracted substantial scientific attention. Due to the positively charged essential amino acids of the arginine-rich peptides, they can interact with negatively charged drug molecules and cell membranes through non-covalent interaction, including electrostatic interactions. Significantly, the sequence design and the penetrating mechanisms are critical. In this brief synopsis, we summarize the transmembrane processes and mechanisms of arginine-rich peptides; and outline the relationship between the function of arginine-rich peptides and the number of arginine residues, arginine optical isomers, primary sequence, secondary and ternary structures, etc. Taking advantage of the penetration ability, biomedical applications of arginine-rich peptides have been refreshed, including drug/RNA delivery systems, biosensors, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration. Understanding the membrane internalization mechanisms and design strategies of CPPs will expand their potential applications in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minglu Hao
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L3G1, Canada
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (P.C.)
| | - Pu Chen
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L3G1, Canada
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (P.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen N, He Y, Zang M, Zhang Y, Lu H, Zhao Q, Wang S, Gao Y. Approaches and materials for endocytosis-independent intracellular delivery of proteins. Biomaterials 2022; 286:121567. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
11
|
Rapaka H, Manturthi S, Arjunan P, Venkatesan V, Thangavel S, Marepally S, Patri SV. Influence of Hydrophobicity in the Hydrophilic Region of Cationic Lipids on Enhancing Nucleic Acid Delivery and Gene Editing. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:1489-1500. [PMID: 35297601 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular delivery of biomolecules using non-viral vectors critically depends on the vectors' ability to allow the escape and release of the contents from the endosomes. Prior findings demonstrated that aromatic/hydrophobic group-containing amino acids such as phenylalanine (F) and tryptophan (W) destabilize cellular membranes by forming pores in the lipid bilayer. Taking cues from these findings, we have developed four α-tocopherol-based cationic amphiphiles by varying the aromatic/hydrophobic amino acids such as glycine (G), proline (P), phenylalanine (F), and tryptophan (W) as head groups and triazole in the linker region to study their impact on endosomal escape for the enhanced transfection efficacy. The lipids tocopherol-triazole-phenylalanine (TTF) and tocopherol-triazole-tryptophan (TTW) exhibited similar potential to commercial transfecting reagents, Lipofectamine (LF) 3000 and Lipofectamine Messenger Max (LFMM), respectively, in transfecting plasmid DNA and messenger RNA in multiple cultured cell lines. The TTW liposome was also found to be effective in delivering Cas9 mRNA and demonstrated equal efficiency of gene editing AAVS1 locus compared to LFMM in CHO, Neuro-2a, and EA.HY926 cell lines. In this current investigation, it is shown that the synthesized cationic lipids with aromatic hydrophobic R group-containing amino acids are safe, economic, and actually more efficient in nucleic acid delivery and genome-editing applications. These findings can be further explored in the genome-editing approach for treating genetic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hithavani Rapaka
- National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal, Telangana 506004, India
| | - Shireesha Manturthi
- National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal, Telangana 506004, India
| | - Porkizhi Arjunan
- Christian Medical College, Centre for Stem Cell Research, Vellore, Tamilnadu 632001, India
| | | | | | - Srujan Marepally
- Christian Medical College, Centre for Stem Cell Research, Vellore, Tamilnadu 632001, India
| | - Srilakshmi V Patri
- National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal, Telangana 506004, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bio-Membrane Internalization Mechanisms of Arginine-Rich Cell-Penetrating Peptides in Various Species. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12010088. [PMID: 35054614 PMCID: PMC8778423 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Recently, membrane-active peptides or proteins that include antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), cytolytic proteins, and cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have attracted attention due to their potential applications in the biomedical field. Among them, CPPs have been regarded as a potent drug/molecules delivery system. Various cargoes, such as DNAs, RNAs, bioactive proteins/peptides, nanoparticles and drugs, can be carried by CPPs and delivered into cells in either covalent or noncovalent manners. Here, we focused on four arginine-rich CPPs and reviewed the mechanisms that these CPPs used for intracellular uptake across cellular plasma membranes. The varying transduction efficiencies of them alone or with cargoes were discussed, and the membrane permeability was also expounded for CPP/cargoes delivery in various species. Direct membrane translocation (penetration) and endocytosis are two principal mechanisms for arginine-rich CPPs mediated cargo delivery. Furthermore, the amino acid sequence is the primary key factor that determines the cellular internalization mechanism. Importantly, the non-cytotoxic nature and the wide applicability make CPPs a trending tool for cellular delivery.
Collapse
|
13
|
Okuda A, Futaki S. Protein Delivery to Cytosol by Cell-Penetrating Peptide Bearing Tandem Repeat Penetration-Accelerating Sequence. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2383:265-273. [PMID: 34766296 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1752-6_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pas2r12 is comprised of a repeat of the penetration-accelerating sequence (Pas) (Pas2: FFLIG-FFLIG) and D-form dodeca-arginine (r12), a cell-penetrating peptide. Pas2r12 significantly enhances cytosolic delivery of cargo proteins, including enhanced green fluorescent protein and immunoglobulin G. Simply incubating Pas2r12 with cargo leads to their cytosolic tranlsocation. Cytosolic delivery of cargo by Pas2r12 involves caveolae-mediated endocytosis. In this chapter, we describe methods of cytosolic delivery of cargo using Pas2r12 and provide methods for investigating the cellular uptake pathway of cargo by Pas2r12.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Okuda
- Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, Japan.
| | - Shiroh Futaki
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
In this introductory chapter, we first define cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), give short overview of CPP history and discuss several aspects of CPP classification. Next section is devoted to the mechanism of CPP penetration into the cells, where direct and endocytic internalization of CPP is explained. Kinetics of internalization is discussed more extensively, since this topic is not discussed in other chapters of this book. At the end of this section some features of the thermodynamics of CPP interaction with the membrane is also presented. Finally, we present different cargoes that can be transferred into the cells by CPPs and briefly discuss the effect of cargo on the rate and efficiency of penetration into the cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matjaž Zorko
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Ülo Langel
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Davis HC, Posey ND, Tew GN. Protein Binding and Release by Polymeric Cell-Penetrating Peptide Mimics. Biomacromolecules 2021; 23:57-66. [PMID: 34879198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
There is significant potential in exploiting antibody specificity to develop new therapeutic treatments. However, intracellular protein delivery is a paramount challenge because of the difficulty in transporting large, polar molecules across cell membranes. Cell-penetrating peptide mimics (CPPMs) are synthetic polymers that are versatile materials for intracellular delivery of biological molecules, including nucleic acids and proteins, with superior performance compared to their natural counterparts and commercially available peptide-based reagents. Studies have demonstrated that noncovalent complexation with these synthetic carriers is necessary for the delivery of proteins, but the fundamental interactions dominating CPPM-protein complexation are not well understood. Beyond these interactions, the mechanism of release for many noncovalent carriers is not well established. Herein, interactions expected to be critical in CPPM-protein binding and unbinding were explored, including hydrogen bonding, electrostatics, and hydrophobic interactions. Despite the guanidinium-rich functionality of these polymeric carriers, hydrogen bonding was shown not to be a dominant interaction in CPPM-protein binding. Fluorescence quenching assays were used to decouple the effect of electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions between amphiphilic CPPMs and proteins. Furthermore, by conducting competition assays with other proteins, unbinding of protein cargoes from CPPM-protein complexes was demonstrated and provided insight into mechanisms of protein release. This work offers understanding toward the role of carrier and cargo binding and unbinding in intracellular outcomes. In turn, an improved fundamental understanding of noncovalent polymer-protein complexation will enable more effective methods for intracellular protein delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hazel C Davis
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Nicholas D Posey
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Gregory N Tew
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States.,Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Futaki S. Functional Peptides That Target Biomembranes: Design and Modes of Action. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2021; 69:601-607. [PMID: 34193708 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c21-00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Biomembranes are important targets in molecular design. Our laboratory has been exploring the design of functional peptides that modulate membrane barrier function, lipid packing, and structure. Evaluation of the results obtained and analyses of cellular mechanisms have yielded peptides with more refined designs and functions. This review highlights the progress made in our laboratory towards the development of unique peptides that modulate membrane properties.
Collapse
|
17
|
Konate K, Josse E, Tasic M, Redjatti K, Aldrian G, Deshayes S, Boisguérin P, Vivès E. WRAP-based nanoparticles for siRNA delivery: a SAR study and a comparison with lipid-based transfection reagents. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:236. [PMID: 34380479 PMCID: PMC8359084 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00972-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we designed novel amphipathic cell-penetrating peptides, called WRAP, able to transfer efficiently siRNA molecules into cells. In order to gain more information about the relationship between amino acid composition, nanoparticle formation and cellular internalization of these peptides composed of only three amino acids (leucine, arginine and tryptophan), we performed a structure–activity relationship (SAR) study. First, we compared our WRAP1 and WRAP5 peptides with the C6M1 peptide also composed of the same three amino acids and showing similar behaviors in siRNA transfection. Afterwards, to further define the main determinants in the WRAP activity, we synthesized 13 new WRAP analogues harboring different modifications like the number and location of leucine and arginine residues, the relative location of tryptophan residues, as well as the role of the α-helix formation upon proline insertions within the native WRAP sequence. After having compared the ability of these peptides to form peptide-based nanoparticles (PBNs) using different biophysical methods and to induce a targeted gene silencing in cells, we established the main sequential requirements of the amino acid composition of the WRAP peptide. In addition, upon measuring the WRAP-based siRNA transfection ability into cells compared to several non-peptide transfection agents available on the markets, we confirmed that WRAP peptides induced an equivalent level of targeted gene silencing but in most of the cases with lower cell toxicity as clearly shown in clonogenic assays. ![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karidia Konate
- PhyMedExp - Université de Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, 371 av. doyen Giraud, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Emilie Josse
- PhyMedExp - Université de Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, 371 av. doyen Giraud, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Milana Tasic
- PhyMedExp - Université de Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, 371 av. doyen Giraud, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Karima Redjatti
- PhyMedExp - Université de Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, 371 av. doyen Giraud, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Gudrun Aldrian
- Sys2Diag, UMR 9005-CNRS/ALCEDIAG, 1682 Rue de la Valsière, 34184, Montpellier CEDEX 4, France
| | - Sébastien Deshayes
- PhyMedExp - Université de Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, 371 av. doyen Giraud, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Prisca Boisguérin
- PhyMedExp - Université de Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, 371 av. doyen Giraud, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Eric Vivès
- PhyMedExp - Université de Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, 371 av. doyen Giraud, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hango CR, Backlund CM, Davis HC, Posey ND, Minter LM, Tew GN. Non-Covalent Carrier Hydrophobicity as a Universal Predictor of Intracellular Protein Activity. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:2850-2863. [PMID: 34156837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, extensive optimization of polymeric cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) mimics (CPPMs) by our group has generated a substantial library of broadly effective carriers which circumvent the need for covalent conjugation often required by CPPs. In this study, design rules learned from CPPM development were applied to reverse-engineer the first library of simple amphiphilic block copolypeptides for non-covalent protein delivery, namely, poly(alanine-block-arginine), poly(phenylalanine-block-arginine), and poly(tryptophan-block-arginine). This new CPP library was screened for enhanced green fluorescent protein and Cre recombinase delivery alongside a library of CPPMs featuring equivalent side-chain configurations. Due to the added hydrophobicity imparted by the polymer backbone as compared to the polypeptide backbone, side-chain functionality was not a universal predictor of carrier performance. Rather, overall carrier hydrophobicity predicted the top performers for both internalization and activity of protein cargoes, regardless of backbone identity. Furthermore, comparison of protein uptake and function revealed carriers which facilitated high gene recombination despite remarkably low Cre internalization, leading us to formalize the concept of intracellular availability (IA) of the delivered cargo. IA, a measure of cargo activity per quantity of cargo internalized, provides valuable insight into the physical relationship between cellular internalization and bioavailability, which can be affected by bottlenecks such as endosomal escape and cargo release. Importantly, carriers with maximal IA existed within a narrow hydrophobicity window, more hydrophilic than those exhibiting maximal cargo uptake. Hydrophobicity may be used as a scaffold-independent predictor of protein uptake, function, and IA, enabling identification of new, effective carriers which would be overlooked by uptake-based screening methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Hango
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Coralie M Backlund
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Hazel C Davis
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Nicholas D Posey
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Lisa M Minter
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States.,Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, Untied States
| | - Gregory N Tew
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States.,Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, Untied States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Akita T, Kimura R, Akaguma S, Nagai M, Nakao Y, Tsugane M, Suzuki H, Oka JI, Yamashita C. Usefulness of cell-penetrating peptides and penetration accelerating sequence for nose-to-brain delivery of glucagon-like peptide-2. J Control Release 2021; 335:575-583. [PMID: 34116136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptides are expected as therapeutic drug candidates for central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) has an antidepressant-like effect not only in depression model mice but also in treatment-resistant depression model mice. However, because i.c.v. administration is very invasive, research is progressing on brain delivery using intranasal administration as a non-invasive method. After intranasal administration of the drug, there are two routes to the brain. That of direct delivery from the paracellular route of olfactory epithelium to the brain via the olfactory bulb has been studied, and that of systemic absorption via the paracellular route of respiratory epithelium has been put to practical use. The high degree of vascularization and permeability of the nasal mucosa enables drug delivery via the paracellular route that leads to systemic delivery. Therefore, suppressing systemic absorption may increase drug delivery to brain, so we focused on the transcellular route. We created a GLP-2 derivative by adding cell-penetrating peptides (CPP) and penetration accelerating sequences (PAS), which are reported to provide efficient intracellular uptake, to GLP-2. However, to deliver GLP-2 by the transcellular route, GLP-2 must not only be taken up into cells but also move out of the cells. We investigated in vitro and in vivo function of PAS-CPP-GLP-2 to enable the translocation of GLP-2 directly from the nose to the brain. Derivatization of PAS-CPP-GLP-2 prevented its degradation. In the evaluation of intracellular dynamics, PAS-CPP-GLP-2 enhanced cellular uptake by macropinocytosis with CPP and promoted escape from endosomal vesicles by PAS. This study also showed that PAS-CPP-GLP-2 can move out of cells. Furthermore, only this PAS-CPP-GLP-2 showed an antidepression-like effect within 20 min of intranasal administration. Intranasal administered PAS-CPP-GLP-2 surprisingly showed the effect at the same dose with i.c.v. administration, but intravenous administered PAS-CPP-GLP-2 did not show the effect. These results suggested that PAS-CPP-GLP-2 can be efficiently delivered from the nose to the CNS and show a pharmacological effect, demonstrating the usefulness of PAS and CPP for nose-to-brain delivery of GLP-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Akita
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kimura
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Saki Akaguma
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Mio Nagai
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakao
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Mamiko Tsugane
- Department of Precision Mechanics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Suzuki
- Department of Precision Mechanics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichiro Oka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Chikamasa Yamashita
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Szabó I, Illien F, Dókus LE, Yousef M, Baranyai Z, Bősze S, Ise S, Kawano K, Sagan S, Futaki S, Hudecz F, Bánóczi Z. Influence of the Dabcyl group on the cellular uptake of cationic peptides: short oligoarginines as efficient cell-penetrating peptides. Amino Acids 2021; 53:1033-1049. [PMID: 34032919 PMCID: PMC8241751 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03003-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are promising delivery vehicles. These short peptides can transport wide range of cargos into cells, although their usage has often limitations. One of them is the endosomatic internalisation and thus the vesicular entrapment. Modifications which increases the direct delivery into the cytosol is highly researched area. Among the oligoarginines the longer ones (n > 6) show efficient internalisation and they are well-known members of CPPs. Herein, we describe the modification of tetra- and hexaarginine with (4-((4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)azo)benzoyl) (Dabcyl) group. This chromophore, which is often used in FRET system increased the internalisation of both peptides, and its effect was more outstanding in case of hexaarginine. The modified hexaarginine may enter into cells more effectively than octaarginine, and showed diffuse distribution besides vesicular transport already at low concentration. The attachment of Dabcyl group not only increases the cellular uptake of the cell-penetrating peptides but it may affect the mechanism of their internalisation. Their conjugates with antitumor drugs were studied on different cells and showed antitumor activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ildikó Szabó
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Eötvös L. University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Françoise Illien
- Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des biomolécules, LBM, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Levente E Dókus
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Eötvös L. University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mo'ath Yousef
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Eötvös L. University, Pázmány P. Setany 1/A, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Baranyai
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Eötvös L. University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Bősze
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Eötvös L. University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Shoko Ise
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kawano
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Sandrine Sagan
- Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des biomolécules, LBM, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Shiroh Futaki
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Ferenc Hudecz
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Eötvös L. University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Eötvös L. University, Pázmány P. Setany 1/A, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Bánóczi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Eötvös L. University, Pázmány P. Setany 1/A, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hedegaard SF, Bruhn DS, Khandelia H, Cárdenas M, Nielsen HM. Shuffled lipidation pattern and degree of lipidation determines the membrane interaction behavior of a linear cationic membrane-active peptide. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 578:584-597. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.05.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
22
|
Dos Santos Rodrigues B, Lakkadwala S, Kanekiyo T, Singh J. Dual-Modified Liposome for Targeted and Enhanced Gene Delivery into Mice Brain. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 374:354-365. [PMID: 32561686 PMCID: PMC7430450 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.264127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of neuropharmaceutical gene delivery systems requires strategies to obtain efficient and effective brain targeting as well as blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. A brain-targeted gene delivery system based on a transferrin (Tf) and cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) dual-functionalized liposome, CPP-Tf-liposome, was designed and investigated for crossing BBB and permeating into the brain. We selected three sequences of CPPs [melittin, Kaposi fibroblast growth factor (kFGF), and penetration accelerating sequence-R8] and compared their ability to internalize into the cells and, subsequently, improve the transfection efficiency. Study of intracellular uptake indicated that liposomal penetration into bEnd.3 cells, primary astrocytes, and primary neurons occurred through multiple endocytosis pathways and surface modification with Tf and CPP enhanced the transfection efficiency of the nanoparticles. A coculture in vitro BBB model reproducing the in vivo anatomophysiological complexity of the biologic barrier was developed to characterize the penetrating properties of these designed liposomes. The dual-functionalized liposomes effectively crossed the in vitro barrier model followed by transfecting primary neurons. Liposome tissue distribution in vivo indicated superior ability of kFGF-Tf-liposomes to overcome BBB and reach brain of the mice after single intravenous administration. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of using strategically designed liposomes by combining Tf receptor targeting with enhanced cell penetration as a potential brain gene delivery vector. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Rational synthesis of efficient brain-targeted gene carrier included modification of liposomes with a target-specific ligand, transferrin, and with cell-penetrating peptide to enhance cellular internalization. Our study used an in vitro triple coculture blood-brain barrier (BBB) model as a tool to characterize the permeability across BBB and functionality of designed liposomes prior to in vivo biodistribution studies. Our study demonstrated that rational design and characterization of BBB permeability are efficient strategies for development of brain-targeted gene carriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Dos Santos Rodrigues
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota (B.S.R., S.L., J.S.) and Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida (T.K.)
| | - Sushant Lakkadwala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota (B.S.R., S.L., J.S.) and Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida (T.K.)
| | - Takahisa Kanekiyo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota (B.S.R., S.L., J.S.) and Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida (T.K.)
| | - Jagdish Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota (B.S.R., S.L., J.S.) and Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida (T.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Aho A, Sulkanen M, Korhonen H, Virta P. Conjugation of Oligonucleotides to Peptide Aldehydes via a pH-Responsive N-Methoxyoxazolidine Linker. Org Lett 2020; 22:6714-6718. [PMID: 32804515 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The formation of N-methoxyoxazolidines in the preparation of oligonucleotide-peptide conjugates was evaluated. The reaction occurred between unprotected 2'-N-(methoxy)amino-modified oligonucleotides and peptide aldehydes in reasonable yields when isolated. The reaction is reversible under slightly acidic conditions, and it is pH-responsive. The rate and the equilibrium constant may be varied with structurally different aldehydes, allowing an optimization of the ligation and cleavage rate of the resultant conjugates. Therefore, this concept can be considered a cleavable linker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aapo Aho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Sulkanen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Heidi Korhonen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Pasi Virta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Nishimoto Y, Nishio M, Nagashima S, Nakajima K, Ohira T, Nakai S, Nakase I, Higashikawa K, Kuge Y, Matsumoto A, Ogawa M, Kojima C. Association of Hydrophobic Carboxyl-Terminal Dendrimers with Lymph Node-Resident Lymphocytes. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1474. [PMID: 32630042 PMCID: PMC7408625 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Delivery systems to lymph node-resident T cells around tumor tissues are essential for cancer immunotherapy, in order to boost the immune responses. We previously reported that anionic dendrimers, such as carboxyl-, sulfonyl-, and phosphate-terminal dendrimers, were efficiently accumulated in lymph nodes via the intradermal injection. Depending on the terminal structure, their cell association properties were different, and the carboxyl-terminal dendrimers did not associate with any immune cells majorly. In this study, we investigated the delivery of carboxyl-terminal dendrimers with different hydrophobicity to lymph node-resident lymphocytes. Four types of carboxyl-terminal dendrimers-succinylated (C) and 2-carboxy-cyclohexanoylated (Chex) dendrimers with and without phenylalanine (Phe)-were synthesized and named C-den, C-Phe-den, Chex-den, and Chex-Phe-den, respectively. Chex-Phe-den was well associated with lymphocytes, but others were not. Chex-Phe-den, intradermally injected at the footpads of mice, was accumulated in the lymph node, and was highly associated with the lymphocytes, including T cells. Our results suggest that Chex-Phe-den has the potential for delivery to the lymph node-resident T cells, without any specific T cell-targeted ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Nishimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (Y.N.); (M.N.); (S.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Misaki Nishio
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (Y.N.); (M.N.); (S.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Shu Nagashima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (Y.N.); (M.N.); (S.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Kohei Nakajima
- Laboratory of Bioanalysis and Molecular Imaging, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan; (K.N.); (T.O.); (M.O.)
| | - Takayuki Ohira
- Laboratory of Bioanalysis and Molecular Imaging, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan; (K.N.); (T.O.); (M.O.)
| | - Shinya Nakai
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8570, Japan; (S.N.); (I.N.)
| | - Ikuhiko Nakase
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8570, Japan; (S.N.); (I.N.)
| | - Kei Higashikawa
- Central Institutes of Isotope Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 15 Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan; (K.H.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yuji Kuge
- Central Institutes of Isotope Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 15 Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan; (K.H.); (Y.K.)
| | - Akikazu Matsumoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (Y.N.); (M.N.); (S.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Mikako Ogawa
- Laboratory of Bioanalysis and Molecular Imaging, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan; (K.N.); (T.O.); (M.O.)
| | - Chie Kojima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (Y.N.); (M.N.); (S.N.); (A.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Palanikumar L, Al-Hosani S, Kalmouni M, Saleh HO, Magzoub M. Hexokinase II-Derived Cell-Penetrating Peptide Mediates Delivery of MicroRNA Mimic for Cancer-Selective Cytotoxicity. Biochemistry 2020; 59:2259-2273. [PMID: 32491855 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells are often characterized by elevated levels of mitochondrion-bound hexokinase II (HKII), which facilitates their survival, proliferation, and metastasis. Here, we have designed a cancer-selective cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) by covalently coupling a short penetration-accelerating sequence (PAS) to the mitochondrial membrane-binding N-terminal 15 amino acids of HKII (pHK). PAS-pHK mediates efficient cellular uptake and cytosolic delivery of a synthetic mimic of miR-126, a tumor suppressor miRNA downregulated in many malignancies. Following uptake by breast cancer MCF-7 cells, the CPP-miRNA conjugate is distributed throughout the cytosol and shows strong colocalization with mitochondria, where PAS-pHK induces depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential, inhibition of metabolic activities, depletion of intracellular ATP levels, release of cytochrome c, and, finally, apoptosis. Concomitantly, the miR-126 cargo synergistically enhances the anticancer effects of PAS-pHK. Importantly, the PAS-pHK-miR-126 conjugate is not toxic to noncancerous MCF-10A and HEK-93 cells. Our results demonstrate the potential of PAS-pHK-mediated delivery of miRNA mimics as a novel cancer-selective therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Palanikumar
- Biology Program, Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Saadiyat Island Campus, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sumaya Al-Hosani
- Biology Program, Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Saadiyat Island Campus, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mona Kalmouni
- Biology Program, Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Saadiyat Island Campus, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hadi Omar Saleh
- Biology Program, Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Saadiyat Island Campus, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mazin Magzoub
- Biology Program, Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Saadiyat Island Campus, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Riveros AL, Eggeling C, Riquelme S, Adura C, López-Iglesias C, Guzmán F, Araya E, Almada M, Juárez J, Valdez MA, Fuentevilla IA, López O, Kogan MJ. Improving Cell Penetration of Gold Nanorods by Using an Amphipathic Arginine Rich Peptide. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:1837-1851. [PMID: 32256063 PMCID: PMC7090188 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s237820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gold nanorods are highly reactive, have a large surface-to-volume ratio, and can be functionalized with biomolecules. Gold nanorods can absorb infrared electromagnetic radiation, which is subsequently dispersed as local heat. Gold nanoparticles can be used as powerful tools for the diagnosis and therapy of different diseases. To improve the biological barrier permeation of nanoparticles with low cytotoxicity, in this study, we conjugated gold nanorods with cell-penetrating peptides (oligoarginines) and with the amphipathic peptide CLPFFD. Methods We studied the interaction of the functionalized gold nanorods with biological membrane models (liposomes) by dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy and the Langmuir balance. Furthermore, we evaluated the effects on cell viability and permeability with an MTS assay and TEM. Results and Discussion The interaction study by DLS, the Langmuir balance and cryo-TEM support that GNR-Arg7CLPFFD enhances the interactions between GNRs and biological membranes. In addition, cells treated with GNR-Arg7CLPFFD internalized 80% more nanoparticles than cells treated with GNR alone and did not induce cell damage. Conclusion Our results indicate that incorporation of an amphipathic sequence into oligoarginines for the functionalization of gold nanorods enhances biological membrane nanoparticle interactions and nanoparticle cell permeability with respect to nanorods functionalized with oligoarginine. Overall, functionalized gold nanorods with amphipathic arginine rich peptides might be candidates for improving drug delivery by facilitating biological barrier permeation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Riveros
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cynthia Eggeling
- Núcleo de Biotecnología Curauma (NBC), Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Sebastián Riquelme
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Adura
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carmen López-Iglesias
- Microscopy CORE Lab, The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute FHML, Maastricht University, Maastrich, Netherlands
| | - Fanny Guzmán
- Núcleo de Biotecnología Curauma (NBC), Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Eyleen Araya
- Departamento de Ciencias Quimicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Almada
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - Josué Juárez
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - Miguel A Valdez
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - Ignacio A Fuentevilla
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratorio de Investigación en nutrición funcional (LINF), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Olga López
- Department Surfactants and Nanobiotechnology, Institute for advanced chemistry of Catalonia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcelo J Kogan
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Śmiłowicz D, Metzler-Nolte N. Bioconjugates of Co(III) complexes with Schiff base ligands and cell penetrating peptides: Solid phase synthesis, characterization and antiproliferative activity. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 206:111041. [PMID: 32120161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In this work we synthesized a chelating Schiff base by a single condensation of salicylaldehyde with 3,4-diamino benzoic acid (1). This ligand was used further for complexation to CoCl2·6H2O under nitrogen. In the next step, three six-coordinate Co(III) complexes were synthesized by coordinating this complex with imidazole (2), 2-methyimidazole (3) and N-Boc-l-histidine methyl ester (4) (Boc: tert.-butoxycarbonyl) in axial positions with simultaneous oxidation of Co(II) to Co(III) under ambient environment. All Co(III) complexes were characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy (1H, 13C and 59Co NMR), FT-IR, mass spectrometry and HPLC. The Co(III) complexes were conjugated to three different cell penetrating peptides: FFFF (P1), RRRRRRRRRGAL (P2) and FFFFRRRRRRRRRGAL (P3). Standard solid-phase peptide chemistry was used for the synthesis of cell penetrating peptides. Coupling of N-terminal peptides with the cobalt complexes, possessing a carboxylic group on the tetradentate Schiff base ligand, afforded Co(III)-peptide bioconjugates, which were purified by semi-preparative HPLC and characterized by analytical HPLC and mass spectrometry. The antiproliferative activity of the synthesized compounds was studied against different human tumour cell lines: lung cancer A549, liver cancer HepG2 and normal human fibroblasts GM5657T, in comparison with the activity of cisplatin as a reference drug. The bioconjugate 21 containing the Co complex 4 and the combined phenylalanine and polyarginine cell penetrating sequence P3 shows better activity against the liver cancer line HepG2 than the parent Co(III) complex 4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Śmiłowicz
- Inorganic Chemistry I - Bioinorganic Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Nils Metzler-Nolte
- Inorganic Chemistry I - Bioinorganic Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zakharova LY, Pashirova TN, Doktorovova S, Fernandes AR, Sanchez-Lopez E, Silva AM, Souto SB, Souto EB. Cationic Surfactants: Self-Assembly, Structure-Activity Correlation and Their Biological Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5534. [PMID: 31698783 PMCID: PMC6888607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of biotechnological protocols based on cationic surfactants is a modern trend focusing on the fabrication of antimicrobial and bioimaging agents, supramolecular catalysts, stabilizers of nanoparticles, and especially drug and gene nanocarriers. The main emphasis given to the design of novel ecologically friendly and biocompatible cationic surfactants makes it possible to avoid the drawbacks of nanoformulations preventing their entry to clinical trials. To solve the problem of toxicity various ways are proposed, including the use of mixed composition with nontoxic nonionic surfactants and/or hydrotropic agents, design of amphiphilic compounds bearing natural or cleavable fragments. Essential advantages of cationic surfactants are the structural diversity of their head groups allowing of chemical modification and introduction of desirable moiety to answer the green chemistry criteria. The latter can be exemplified by the design of novel families of ecological friendly cleavable surfactants, with improved biodegradability, amphiphiles with natural fragments, and geminis with low aggregation threshold. Importantly, the development of amphiphilic nanocarriers for drug delivery allows understanding the correlation between the chemical structure of surfactants, their aggregation behavior, and their functional activity. This review focuses on several aspects related to the synthesis of innovative cationic surfactants and their broad biological applications including antimicrobial activity, solubilization of hydrophobic drugs, complexation with DNA, and catalytic effect toward important biochemical reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Ya. Zakharova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8, ul. Arbuzov, Kazan 420088, Russia; (L.Y.Z.); (T.N.P.)
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kazan State Technological University, ul. Karla Marksa 68, Kazan 420015, Russia
| | - Tatiana N. Pashirova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8, ul. Arbuzov, Kazan 420088, Russia; (L.Y.Z.); (T.N.P.)
| | - Slavomira Doktorovova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.D.); (A.R.F.); (E.S.-L.)
| | - Ana R. Fernandes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.D.); (A.R.F.); (E.S.-L.)
| | - Elena Sanchez-Lopez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.D.); (A.R.F.); (E.S.-L.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Research Centre of Neurodegenerative Disease (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Juan Carlos III, 28702 Madrid, Spain
| | - Amélia M. Silva
- Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Selma B. Souto
- Department of Endocrinology of S. João Hospital, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200–319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Eliana B. Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.D.); (A.R.F.); (E.S.-L.)
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chang G, Zhang H, Li S, Huang F, Shen Y, Xie A. Effective photodynamic therapy of polymer hydrogel on tumor cells prepared using methylene blue sensitized mesoporous titania nanocrystal. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 99:1392-1398. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
30
|
Kalmouni M, Al-Hosani S, Magzoub M. Cancer targeting peptides. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:2171-2183. [PMID: 30877335 PMCID: PMC11105397 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03061-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite continuing advances in the development of biomacromolecules for therapeutic purposes, successful application of these often large and hydrophilic molecules has been hindered by their inability to efficiently traverse the cellular plasma membrane. In recent years, cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have received considerable attention as a promising class of delivery vectors due to their ability to mediate the efficient import of a large number of cargoes in vitro and in vivo. However, the lack of target specificity of CPPs remains a major obstacle to their clinical development. To address this issue, researchers have developed strategies in which chemotherapeutic drugs are conjugated to cancer targeting peptides (CTPs) that exploit the unique characteristics of the tumor microenvironment or cancer cells, thereby improving cancer cell specificity. This review highlights several of these strategies that are currently in use, and discusses how multi-component nanoparticles conjugated to CTPs can be designed to provide a more efficient cancer therapeutic delivery strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Kalmouni
- Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Saadiyat Island Campus, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sumaya Al-Hosani
- Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Saadiyat Island Campus, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mazin Magzoub
- Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Saadiyat Island Campus, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Okuda A, Tahara S, Hirose H, Takeuchi T, Nakase I, Ono A, Takehashi M, Tanaka S, Futaki S. Oligoarginine-Bearing Tandem Repeat Penetration-Accelerating Sequence Delivers Protein to Cytosol via Caveolae-Mediated Endocytosis. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:1849-1859. [PMID: 30893557 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
To facilitate the cytosolic delivery of larger molecules such as proteins, we developed a new cell-penetrating peptide sequence, named Pas2r12, consisting of a repeated Pas sequence (FFLIG-FFLIG) and d-dodeca-arginine (r12). This peptide significantly enhanced the cellular uptake and cytosolic release of enhanced green fluorescent protein and immunoglobulin G as cargos. We found that simply mixing Pas2r12 with cargos could generate cytosolic introducible forms. The cytosolic delivery of cargos by Pas2r12 was found to be an energy-requiring process, to rely on actin polymerization, and to be suppressed by caveolae-mediated endocytosis inhibitors (genistein and methyl-β-cyclodextrin) and small interfering RNA against caveolin-1. These results suggest that Pas2r12 enhances membrane penetration of cargos without the need for cross-linking and that caveolae-mediated endocytosis may be the route by which cytosolic delivery is enhanced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Okuda
- Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences , Niigata University , 746 Asahimachidori-2 , Chuo-ku, Niigata , Niigata 951-8518 , Japan
| | - Shinya Tahara
- Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences , Niigata University , 746 Asahimachidori-2 , Chuo-ku, Niigata , Niigata 951-8518 , Japan
| | - Hisaaki Hirose
- Institute for Chemical Research , Kyoto University , Uji , Kyoto 611-0011 , Japan
| | - Toshihide Takeuchi
- Institute for Chemical Research , Kyoto University , Uji , Kyoto 611-0011 , Japan
| | - Ikuhiko Nakase
- Graduate School of Science , Osaka Prefecture University , Naka-ku, Sakai , Osaka 599-8570 , Japan
| | - Atsushi Ono
- Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences , Niigata University , 746 Asahimachidori-2 , Chuo-ku, Niigata , Niigata 951-8518 , Japan
| | - Masanori Takehashi
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology and Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , Osaka Ohtani University , Tondabayashi , Osaka 584-8540 , Japan
| | - Seigo Tanaka
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology and Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , Osaka Ohtani University , Tondabayashi , Osaka 584-8540 , Japan
| | - Shiroh Futaki
- Institute for Chemical Research , Kyoto University , Uji , Kyoto 611-0011 , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Almeida C, Maniti O, Di Pisa M, Swiecicki JM, Ayala-Sanmartin J. Cholesterol re-organisation and lipid de-packing by arginine-rich cell penetrating peptides: Role in membrane translocation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210985. [PMID: 30673771 PMCID: PMC6343925 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) are able to transport hydrophilic molecules inside cells. To reach the cytosol, the peptide associated with a cargo must cross the plasma or the endosomal membrane. Different molecular mechanisms for peptide internalisation into cells have been proposed and it is becoming clear that the cellular internalisation mechanisms are different depending on the peptide sequence and structure and the target membrane. Herein, the penetration of three peptides into large unilamellar vesicles were studied: the homeodomain derived 16-residues penetratin, nona-arginine (R9), and a small peptide containing 6 arginine and 3 tryptophan residues (RW9). The membrane models were composed of phospholipids from natural sources containing different molecular species. We observed that among the three peptides, only the amphipathic peptide RW9 was able to cross the membrane vesicles in the liquid disordered state. The changes in the distribution of the previously characterized cholesterol-pyrene probe show that cholesterol-pyrene molecules dissociate from clusters upon membrane interaction with the three peptides and that the cholesterol environment becomes more disordered in the presence of RW9. Finally, we studied the effect of the peptides on lipid ordering on giant plasma membrane vesicles. The amphipathic peptides RW9 and its longer homologue RW16 induced lipid de-packing in plasma membrane vesicles. Overall, the data suggest that a disordered membrane favours the translocation of RW9, that the membrane cholesterol is redistributed during peptide interaction, and that the peptide amphipathic character is important to increase membrane fluidity and peptide membrane translocation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Almeida
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, Paris, France
| | - Ofelia Maniti
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, Paris, France
| | - Margherita Di Pisa
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marie Swiecicki
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, Paris, France
| | - Jesus Ayala-Sanmartin
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ojeda PG, Henriques ST, Pan Y, Nicolazzo JA, Craik DJ, Wang CK. Lysine to arginine mutagenesis of chlorotoxin enhances its cellular uptake. Biopolymers 2018; 108. [PMID: 28459137 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chlorotoxin (CTX), a disulfide-rich peptide from the scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus, has several promising biopharmaceutical properties, including preferential affinity for certain cancer cells, high serum stability, and cell penetration. These properties underpin its potential for use as a drug design scaffold, especially for the treatment of cancer; indeed, several analogs of CTX have reached clinical trials. Here, we focus on its ability to internalize into cells-a trait associated with a privileged subclass of peptides called cell-penetrating peptides-and whether it can be improved through conservative substitutions. Mutants of CTX were made using solid-phase peptide synthesis and internalization into human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells was monitored by fluorescence and confocal microscopy. CTX_M1 (ie, [K15R/K23R]CTX) and CTX_M2 (ie, [K15R/K23R/Y29W]CTX) mutants showed at least a twofold improvement in uptake compared to CTX. We further showed that these mutants internalize into HeLa cells largely via an energy-dependent mechanism. Importantly, the mutants have high stability, remaining intact in serum for over 24 h; thus, retaining the characteristic stability of their parent peptide. Overall, we have shown that simple conservative substitutions can enhance the cellular uptake of CTX, suggesting that such type of mutations might be useful for improving uptake of other peptide toxins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola G Ojeda
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.,Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular (CBSM), Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Sónia Troeira Henriques
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Yijun Pan
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Joseph A Nicolazzo
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - David J Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Conan K Wang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
He L, Sayers EJ, Watson P, Jones AT. Contrasting roles for actin in the cellular uptake of cell penetrating peptide conjugates. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7318. [PMID: 29743505 PMCID: PMC5943252 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25600-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased need for macromolecular therapeutics, such as peptides, proteins and nucleotides, to reach intracellular targets necessitates more effective delivery vectors and a higher level of understanding of their mechanism of action. Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) can transport a range of macromolecules into cells, either through direct plasma membrane translocation or endocytosis. All known endocytic pathways involve cell-cortex remodelling, a process shown to be regulated by reorganisation of the actin cytoskeleton. Here using flow cytometry, confocal microscopy and a variety of actin inhibitors we identify how actin disorganisation in different cell types differentially influences the cellular entry of three probes: the CPP octaarginine - Alexa488 conjugate (R8-Alexa488), octaarginine conjugated Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (EGFP-R8), and the fluid phase probe dextran. Disrupting actin organisation in A431 skin epithelial cells dramatically increases the uptake of EGFP-R8 and dextran, and contrasts strongly to inhibitory effects observed with transferrin and R8 attached to the fluorophore Alexa488. This demonstrates that uptake of the same CPP can occur via different endocytic processes depending on the conjugated fluorescent entity. Overall this study highlights how cargo influences cell uptake of this peptide and that the actin cytoskeleton may act as a gateway or barrier to endocytosis of drug delivery vectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L He
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Redwood Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, CF10 3NB, UK
| | - E J Sayers
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Redwood Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, CF10 3NB, UK
| | - P Watson
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, The Sir Martin Evans Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, CF10 3AX, UK.
| | - A T Jones
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Redwood Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, CF10 3NB, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sugai H, Nakase I, Sakamoto S, Nishio A, Inagaki M, Nishijima M, Yamayoshi A, Araki Y, Ishibashi S, Yokota T, Inoue Y, Wada T. Peptide Ribonucleic Acid (PRNA)–Arginine Hybrids. Effects of Arginine Residues Alternatingly Introduced to PRNA Backbone on Aggregation, Cellular Uptake, and Cytotoxicity. CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.171186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroka Sugai
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Ikuhiko Nakase
- NanoSquare Research Institute, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8570, Japan
| | - Seiji Sakamoto
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nishio
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahito Inagaki
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Masaki Nishijima
- Office for University-Industry Collaboration, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Asako Yamayoshi
- The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Ushinomiyacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Araki
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Satoru Ishibashi
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Takanori Yokota
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Inoue
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takehiko Wada
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sasaki-Hamada S, Funane T, Nakao Y, Sasaki R, Nagai M, Ueta Y, Yoshizawa K, Horiguchi M, Yamashita C, Oka JI. Intranasal administration of neuromedin U derivatives containing cell-penetrating peptides and a penetration-accelerating sequence induced memory improvements in mice. Peptides 2018; 99:241-246. [PMID: 29079533 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Neuromedin U (NMU) is a neuropeptide that is expressed and secreted in the brain and gut. We previously demonstrated that the intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of NMU inhibited inflammation-mediated memory impairment in mice. In order to utilize NMU as a clinical treatment tool for inflammation-mediated amnesia, we herein focused on non-invasive intranasal delivery because the i.c.v. administration route is invasive and impractical. In the present study, we prepared two NMU derivatives containing cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), octaarginine (R8), and each penetration-accelerating sequence, namely FFLIPKG (PASR8-NMU) and FFFFG (F4R8-NMU), for intranasal (i.n.) administration. In the Y-maze test, the i.c.v. administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (10μg/mouse) significantly decreased spontaneous alternation behavior, and this was prevented by the prior administration of PASR8-NMU or F4R8-NMU (5.6μg/mouse, i.n.). Moreover, the administration of PASR8-NMU or F4R8-NMU (5.6μg/mouse, i.n.) just before the Y-maze test also improved LPS-induced memory impairment. Indocyanine green (ICG)-labeled PASR8-NMU (i.n.) was significantly observed in the hippocampus and paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus 30min after its i.n. administration. PASR8-NMU, but not F4R8-NMU guaranteed the stability of the administration liquid for 24h. These results suggest that PASR8-NMU is effective for i.n. delivery to the brain, and may be useful in the clinical treatment of inflammation-mediated amnesia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sachie Sasaki-Hamada
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; Center for Translational Research, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Taichi Funane
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakao
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Rie Sasaki
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Mio Nagai
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yudai Ueta
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kazumi Yoshizawa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Michiko Horiguchi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; Center for Drug Delivery Research, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Chikamasa Yamashita
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; Center for Drug Delivery Research, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichiro Oka
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; Center for Translational Research, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Peptide-Conjugates: Modulation of Activity by Charged and Hydrophobic Residues. Int J Pept Res Ther 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-017-9668-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
38
|
Cell-Penetrating Peptides: Design Strategies beyond Primary Structure and Amphipathicity. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22111929. [PMID: 29117144 PMCID: PMC6150340 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient intracellular drug delivery and target specificity are often hampered by the presence of biological barriers. Thus, compounds that efficiently cross cell membranes are the key to improving the therapeutic value and on-target specificity of non-permeable drugs. The discovery of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) and the early design approaches through mimicking the natural penetration domains used by viruses have led to greater efficiency of intracellular delivery. Following these nature-inspired examples, a number of rationally designed CPPs has been developed. In this review, a variety of CPP designs will be described, including linear and flexible, positively charged and often amphipathic CPPs, and more rigid versions comprising cyclic, stapled, or dimeric and/or multivalent, self-assembled peptides or peptido-mimetics. The application of distinct design strategies to known physico-chemical properties of CPPs offers the opportunity to improve their penetration efficiency and/or internalization kinetics. This led to increased design complexity of new CPPs that does not always result in greater CPP activity. Therefore, the transition of CPPs to a clinical setting remains a challenge also due to the concomitant involvement of various internalization routes and heterogeneity of cells used in the in vitro studies.
Collapse
|
39
|
Futaki S, Nakase I. Cell-Surface Interactions on Arginine-Rich Cell-Penetrating Peptides Allow for Multiplex Modes of Internalization. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:2449-2456. [PMID: 28910080 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
One of the recent hot topics in peptide-related chemical biology research is the potential of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs). Owing to their ability to deliver exogenous molecules into cells easily and effectively, their flexible design that allows transporters to comprise various chemical structures and functions, and their potential in chemical and cell biology studies and clinical applications, CPPs have been attracting enormous interest among researchers in related fields. Consequently, publications on CPPs have increased significantly. Although there are many types of CPPs with different physicochemical properties and applications, arginine-rich CPPs, which include the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) TAT peptide and oligoarginines, are among the most extensively employed and studied. Previous studies demonstrated the importance of the guanidino group in arginine, which confers flexibility in transporter design. Therefore, in addition to peptides, various transporters rich in guanidino groups, which do not necessarily share specific chemical and three-dimensional structures, have been developed. Typically, cell-penetrating transporters have 6-12 guanidino groups. Since the pKa of the guanidino group in arginine is approximately 12.5, these molecules are highly basic and hydrophilic. Our group is interested in why these cationic molecules can penetrate cells. Understanding their mechanism of action should lead to the rational design of intracellular delivery systems that have high efficacy. Additionally, novel cellular uptake mechanisms may be elucidated during the course of these studies. Therefore, our group is trying to understand the basic aspects underlying the ability of these peptides to penetrate cells. Regarding the delivery of biopharmaceuticals including proteins and nucleic acids, achieving efficient and effective delivery to target organs and cells is one of the biggest challenges. Furthermore, when the target sites of these drug molecules are within cells, effective cell penetration becomes another obstacle. Cells are surrounded by a membrane that separates the inside of the cell from its outside. This barrier function is critical for keeping cellular contents inside cells, and without this, cells cannot function. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of action of CPPs is necessary to overcome these obstacles and will allow us not only to improve CPP-mediated delivery but also to create other types of intracellular delivery systems. In this Account, we summarize the current knowledge on the mechanisms of internalization of arginine-rich CPPs, from the viewpoints of both direct cell-membrane penetration (i.e., physicochemical aspects) and endocytic uptake (i.e., physiological aspects), and discuss the implications of this knowledge. We also discussed loosening of lipid packing as a factor to promote direct cell-membrane penetration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiroh Futaki
- Institute
for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Ikuhiko Nakase
- Nanoscience
and Nanotechnology Research Center, Research Organization for the
21st Century, Osaka Prefecture University, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8570, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Bruce VJ, McNaughton BR. Inside Job: Methods for Delivering Proteins to the Interior of Mammalian Cells. Cell Chem Biol 2017; 24:924-934. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
41
|
Woldetsadik AD, Vogel MC, Rabeh WM, Magzoub M. Hexokinase II-derived cell-penetrating peptide targets mitochondria and triggers apoptosis in cancer cells. FASEB J 2017; 31:2168-2184. [PMID: 28183803 PMCID: PMC5388548 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601173r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of mitochondria-bound hexokinase II (HKII) in cancer cells plays an important role in their metabolic reprogramming and protects them against apoptosis, thereby facilitating their growth and proliferation. Here, we show that covalently coupling a peptide corresponding to the mitochondrial membrane–binding N-terminal 15 aa of HKII (pHK) to a short, penetration-accelerating sequence (PAS) enhances the cellular uptake, mitochondrial localization, and cytotoxicity of the peptide in HeLa cells. Further analysis revealed that pHK-PAS depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential, inhibited mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis, and depleted intracellular ATP levels. The effects of pHK-PAS were correlated with dissociation of endogenous full-length HKII from mitochondria and release of cytochrome c. Of significance, pHK-PAS treatment of noncancerous HEK293 cells resulted in substantially lower cytotoxicity. Thus, pHK-PAS effectively disrupted the mitochondria-HKII association in cancer cells, which led to mitochondrial dysfunction and, finally, apoptosis. Our results demonstrate the potential of the pHK-PAS cell-penetrating peptide as a novel therapeutic strategy in cancer.—Woldetsadik, A. D., Vogel, M. C., Rabeh, W. M., Magzoub, M. Hexokinase II–derived cell-penetrating peptide targets mitochondria and triggers apoptosis in cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abiy D Woldetsadik
- Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maria C Vogel
- Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wael M Rabeh
- Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mazin Magzoub
- Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Backlund CM, Sgolastra F, Otter R, Minter L, Takeuchi T, Futaki S, Tew GN. Increased Hydrophobic Block Length of PTDMs Promotes Protein Internalization. Polym Chem 2016; 7:7514-7521. [PMID: 29093759 PMCID: PMC5661863 DOI: 10.1039/c6py01615d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The plasma membrane is a major obstacle in the development and use of biomacromolecules for intracellular therapeutic applications. Protein transduction domains (PTDs) have been used to overcome this barrier, but often require covalent conjugation to their cargo and can be time consuming to synthesize. Synthetic monomers can be designed to mimic the amino acid moieties in PTDs, and their resulting polymers provide a well-controlled platform to vary molecular composition for structure-activity relationship studies. In this paper, a series of polyoxanorbornene-based synthetic mimics, inspired by PTDs, with varying cationic and hydrophobic densities, and the nature of the hydrophobic chain and degree of polymerizations were investigated in vitro to determine their ability to non-covalently transport enhanced green fluorescent protein into HeLa cells, Jurkat T cells, and hTERT mesenchymal stem cells. Polymers with high charge density lead to efficient protein delivery. Similarly, the polymers with the highest hydrophobic content and density proved to be the most efficient at internalization. The observed improvements with increased hydrophobic length and content were consistent across all three cell types, suggesting that these architectural relationships are not cell type specific. However, Jurkat T cells showed distinct variation in uptake between polymers than with the other two cell types. These results provide important design parameters for more effective delivery of biomacromolecules for intracellular delivery applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Coralie M Backlund
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Federica Sgolastra
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Ronja Otter
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Lisa Minter
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Toshihide Takeuchi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shiroh Futaki
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Gregory N Tew
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lönn P, Kacsinta AD, Cui XS, Hamil AS, Kaulich M, Gogoi K, Dowdy SF. Enhancing Endosomal Escape for Intracellular Delivery of Macromolecular Biologic Therapeutics. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32301. [PMID: 27604151 PMCID: PMC5015074 DOI: 10.1038/srep32301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive macromolecular peptides and oligonucleotides have significant therapeutic potential. However, due to their size, they have no ability to enter the cytoplasm of cells. Peptide/Protein transduction domains (PTDs), also called cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), can promote uptake of macromolecules via endocytosis. However, overcoming the rate-limiting step of endosomal escape into the cytoplasm remains a major challenge. Hydrophobic amino acid R groups are known to play a vital role in viral escape from endosomes. Here we utilize a real-time, quantitative live cell split-GFP fluorescence complementation phenotypic assay to systematically analyze and optimize a series of synthetic endosomal escape domains (EEDs). By conjugating EEDs to a TAT-PTD/CPP spilt-GFP peptide complementation assay, we were able to quantitatively measure endosomal escape into the cytoplasm of live cells via restoration of GFP fluorescence by intracellular molecular complementation. We found that EEDs containing two aromatic indole rings or one indole ring and two aromatic phenyl groups at a fixed distance of six polyethylene glycol (PEG) units from the TAT-PTD-cargo significantly enhanced cytoplasmic delivery in the absence of cytotoxicity. EEDs address the critical rate-limiting step of endosomal escape in delivery of macromolecular biologic peptide, protein and siRNA therapeutics into cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lönn
- Dept of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093 USA
| | - Apollo D Kacsinta
- Dept of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093 USA
| | - Xian-Shu Cui
- Dept of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093 USA
| | - Alexander S Hamil
- Dept of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093 USA
| | - Manuel Kaulich
- Dept of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093 USA
| | - Khirud Gogoi
- Dept of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093 USA
| | - Steven F Dowdy
- Dept of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093 USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kim S, Hyun S, Lee Y, Lee Y, Yu J. Nonhemolytic Cell-Penetrating Peptides: Site Specific Introduction of Glutamine and Lysine Residues into the α-Helical Peptide Causes Deletion of Its Direct Membrane Disrupting Ability but Retention of Its Cell Penetrating Ability. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:3007-15. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seoyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry & Education, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Soonsil Hyun
- Department of Chemistry & Education, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yuri Lee
- Department of Chemistry & Education, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jaehoon Yu
- Department of Chemistry & Education, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Backlund CM, Takeuchi T, Futaki S, Tew GN. Relating structure and internalization for ROMP-based protein mimics. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:1443-50. [PMID: 27039278 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Elucidating the predominant cellular entry mechanism for protein transduction domains (PTDs) and their synthetic mimics (PTDMs) is a complicated problem that continues to be a significant source of debate in the literature. The PTDMs reported here provide a well-controlled platform to vary molecular composition for structure activity relationship studies to further our understanding of PTDs, their non-covalent association with cargo, and their cellular internalization pathways. Specifically, several guanidine rich homopolymers, along with an amphiphilic block copolymer were used to investigate the relationship between structure and internalization activity in HeLa cells, both alone and non-covalently complexed with EGFP by flow cytometery and confocal imaging. The findings indicate that while changing the amount of positive charge on our PTDMs does not seem to affect the endosomal uptake, the presence of hydrophobicity appears to be a critical factor for the polymers to enter cells either alone, or with associated cargo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Coralie M Backlund
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Toshihide Takeuchi
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Shiroh Futaki
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Gregory N Tew
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Fukumoto K, Kajiyama A, Shimura S, Taketa K, Kimura S, Taguchi A, Takayama K, Yakushiji F, Hayashi Y. Development of the Thiol-Selective Solid-Supported Oligoarginine-Conjugating Reagent KSH-2. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201500267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kentarou Fukumoto
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy; Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences; 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji Tokyo 192-0392 Japan
- Kokusan Chemical Co., Ltd; 3-1-3 Nihonbashihoncho, Chuo-ku Tokyo 103-0023 Japan
| | - Akihiro Kajiyama
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy; Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences; 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji Tokyo 192-0392 Japan
| | - Shunsuke Shimura
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy; Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences; 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji Tokyo 192-0392 Japan
| | - Koji Taketa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy; Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences; 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji Tokyo 192-0392 Japan
| | - Shinichiro Kimura
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy; Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences; 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji Tokyo 192-0392 Japan
| | - Akihiro Taguchi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy; Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences; 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji Tokyo 192-0392 Japan
| | - Kentaro Takayama
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy; Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences; 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji Tokyo 192-0392 Japan
| | - Fumika Yakushiji
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy; Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences; 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji Tokyo 192-0392 Japan
| | - Yoshio Hayashi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy; Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences; 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji Tokyo 192-0392 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Effects of the properties of short peptides conjugated with cell-penetrating peptides on their internalization into cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12884. [PMID: 26256261 PMCID: PMC4530456 DOI: 10.1038/srep12884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides, especially intracellular functional peptides that can play a particular role inside a cell, have attracted attention as promising materials to control cell fate. However, hydrophilic materials like peptides are difficult for cells to internalize. Therefore, the screening and design of intracellular functional peptides are more difficult than that of extracellular ones. An effective high-throughput screening system for intracellular functional peptides has not been reported. Here, we demonstrate a novel peptide array system for screening intracellular functional peptides, in which both cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) domain and photo-cleavable linkers are used. By using this screening system, we determined how the cellular uptake properties of CPP-conjugated peptides varied depending on the properties of the conjugated peptides. We found that the internalization ability of CPP-conjugated peptides varied greatly depending on the property of the conjugated peptides, and anionic peptides drastically decreased the uptake ability. We summarized our data in a scatter diagram that plots hydrophobicity versus isoelectric point (pI) of conjugated peptides. These results define a peptide library suitable for screening of intracellular functional peptides. Thus, our system, including the diagram, is a promising tool for searching biological active molecules such as peptide-based drugs.
Collapse
|
48
|
Chang G, Wang Y, Gong B, Xiao Y, Chen Y, Wang S, Li S, Huang F, Shen Y, Xie A. Reduced Graphene Oxide/Amaranth Extract/AuNPs Composite Hydrogel on Tumor Cells as Integrated Platform for Localized and Multiple Synergistic Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:11246-11256. [PMID: 25978657 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b03907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Integration of multimodal treatment strategies combined with localized therapy to enhance antitumor efficacy and reduce side effects is still a challenge. Herein, a novel composite hydrogel containing rGO, amaranth extract (AE) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was prepared by using AE as both reductant and cross-linking agent. The chlorophyll derivatives in AE were also employed as a photodynamic therapy drug. Meanwhile, AuNPs and rGO both have obvious photothermal effects and can accelerate the generation of cytotoxic singlet oxygen (1O2). The temperature increase of rGO/AE/AuNPs precursor is up to 6.3 °C under 808 nm laser irradiation at a power density of 200 mW·cm(-2). The hydrogel shell on in situ tumor cells was easily formed and regulated by near-infrared irradiation within 10 min, which could both retain a high concentration of drugs on the lesion site and prevent them from migrating to normal tissue, thus reducing the side effects. Compared with rGO/AE and AE, rGO/AE/AuNPs showed a remarkably improved and synergistic antitumor effect. The hydrogel possesses good biocompatibility and high hydrophilicity and could be used for loading chemotherapeutics, which provides a new approach for located and multiple antitumor therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanru Chang
- †School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunlong Wang
- †School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoyou Gong
- †School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Yazhong Xiao
- §Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Bio-Manufacture Anhui University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- §Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Bio-Manufacture Anhui University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohua Wang
- †School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Shikuo Li
- †School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangzhi Huang
- †School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhua Shen
- †School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
- §Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Bio-Manufacture Anhui University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Anjian Xie
- †School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Computational Investigations of Arginine-Rich Peptides Interacting with Lipid Membranes. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.201500023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
50
|
Lönn P, Dowdy SF. Cationic PTD/CPP-mediated macromolecular delivery: charging into the cell. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2015; 12:1627-36. [PMID: 25994800 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2015.1046431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Macromolecular therapeutics, including enzymes, transcription factors, siRNAs, peptides and large synthetic molecules, can potentially be used to treat human diseases by targeting intracellular molecular pathways and modulating biological responses. However, large macromolecules have no ability to enter cells and require delivery vehicles. Protein transduction domains (PTDs), also known as cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), are a diverse class of peptides that can deliver macromolecules into cells. AREAS COVERED In this review, we cover the uptake and usage of arginine-rich PTDs/CPPs (TAT-PTD, Penetratin/Antp and 8R). We review the endocytosis-mediated uptake of these peptides and highlight three important steps: i) cell association; ii) internalization and iii) endosomal escape. We also discuss the array of different cargos that have been delivered by cationic PTDs/CPPs as well as cellular processes and biological responses that have been modulated. EXPERT OPINION PTDs/CPPs have shown great potential to deliver otherwise undeliverable macromolecular therapeutics into cells for experimentation in cell culture and in animal disease models in vivo. Moreover, over 25 clinical trials have been performed predominantly using the TAT-PTD. However, more work is still needed. Endosomal escape and target-cell specificity remain two of the major future challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lönn
- a 1 UCSD School of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine , 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093-0686, USA .,b 2 Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology , SE-751 08 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Steven F Dowdy
- a 1 UCSD School of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine , 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093-0686, USA
| |
Collapse
|