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Chen L, Zhou B, Tang M, Yao Y, Zhao Y, Hu Y, Lin Y, Ji J, Jiao Q. Aberrant expression of B7-H4 and B7-H5 contributes to the development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Arch Dermatol Res 2024; 316:382. [PMID: 38850312 PMCID: PMC11162363 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-024-03095-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is the second most common malignant tumor of the skin. B7 homolog 4 (B7-H4) and B7-H5 (B7 homolog 5) are associated with a variety of tumors. Investigate the potential role of B7-H4 and B7-H5 in regulating the tumorigenesis and progression of CSCC. B7-H4 and B7-H5 transcriptome data were collected from GEO and TCGA databases and subjected to bioinformatical analysis by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, functional enrichment analysis, immune analysis, and drug-gene interaction prediction analysis. We characterized the expression of B7-H4 and B7-H5 in carcinoma tissues of CSCC patients by immunohistochemistry. Meanwhile, the clinical correlation of B7-H4 and B7-H5 in CSCC was explored by statistical analysis. B7-H4 and B7-H5 genes were under-expressed in CSCC and correlated with tumor staging. According to GO and KEGG Pathway enrichment analysis, B7-H4, and B7-H5 can regulate the proliferation and activation of T cells, lymphocytes, and monocytes, and the expression of cytokines, such as IL-6 and IL-10, in CSCC. B7-H4 and B7-H5 are also jointly involved in the occurrence and development of CSCC via the JAK-STAT and Notch signaling pathways. We found that B7-H4 and B7-H5 proteins were abnormally highly expressed in CSCC tissue and correlated with tumor size and stage. Our findings offer new insights into the pathogenesis of CSCC and suggest that B7-H4 and B7-H5 are novel tissue biomarkers and promising therapeutic targets for CSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Shizi Road 188, Suzhou, 215006, China
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Sangxiang Road 1055, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Minhui Tang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Shizi Road 188, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Yuxu Yao
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Sangxiang Road 1055, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Shizi Road 188, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Shizi Road 188, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Yuxin Lin
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Shizi Road 188, Suzhou, 215006, China
- Center for Systems Biology, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jiang Ji
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Sangxiang Road 1055, Suzhou, 215004, China.
| | - Qingqing Jiao
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Shizi Road 188, Suzhou, 215006, China.
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Gitto SB, Whicker M, Davies G, Kumar S, Kinneer K, Xu H, Lewis A, Mamidi S, Medvedev S, Kim H, Anderton J, Tang EJ, Ferman B, Coats S, Wilkinson RW, Brown E, Powell DJ, Simpkins F. A B7-H4-Targeting Antibody-Drug Conjugate Shows Antitumor Activity in PARPi and Platinum-Resistant Cancers with B7-H4 Expression. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:1567-1581. [PMID: 37882675 PMCID: PMC11034955 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-1079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Platinum and PARP inhibitors (PARPi) demonstrate activity in breast and ovarian cancers, but drug resistance ultimately emerges. Here, we examine B7-H4 expression in primary and recurrent high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) and the activity of a B7-H4-directed antibody-drug conjugate (B7-H4-ADC), using a pyrrolobenzodiazepine-dimer payload, in PARPi- and platinum-resistant HGSOC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN B7-H4 expression was quantified by flow cytometry and IHC. B7-H4-ADC efficacy was tested against multiple cell lines in vitro and PDX in vivo. The effect of B7-H4-ADC on cell cycle, DNA damage, and apoptosis was measured using flow cytometry. RESULTS B7-H4 is overexpressed in 92% of HGSOC tumors at diagnosis (n = 12), persisted in recurrent matched samples after platinum treatment, and was expressed at similar levels across metastatic sites after acquired multi-drug resistance (n = 4). Treatment with B7-H4-ADC resulted in target-specific growth inhibition of multiple ovarian and breast cancer cell lines. In platinum- or PARPi-resistant ovarian cancer cells, B7-H4-ADC significantly decreased viability and colony formation while increasing cell-cycle arrest and DNA damage, ultimately leading to apoptosis. Single-dose B7-H4-ADC led to tumor regression in 65.5% of breast and ovarian PDX models (n = 29), with reduced activity in B7-H4 low or negative models. In PARPi and platinum-resistant HGSOC PDX models, scheduled B7-H4-ADC dosing led to sustained tumor regression and increased survival. CONCLUSIONS These data support B7-H4 as an attractive ADC target for treatment of drug-resistant HGSOC and provide evidence for activity of an ADC with a DNA-damaging payload in this population. See related commentary by Veneziani et al., p. 1434.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah B. Gitto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Margaret Whicker
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | | | - Sushil Kumar
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | | | - Haineng Xu
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | | | | | - Sergey Medvedev
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Hyoung Kim
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | | | - E. Jessica Tang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Benjamin Ferman
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | | | | | - Eric Brown
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Daniel J. Powell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Fiona Simpkins
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
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3
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Pastena P, Perera H, Martinino A, Kartsonis W, Giovinazzo F. Unraveling Biomarker Signatures in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review for Targeted Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2559. [PMID: 38473804 PMCID: PMC10931553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most aggressive subtypes of breast cancer, marked by poor outcomes and dismal prognosis. Due to the absence of targetable receptors, chemotherapy still represents the main therapeutic option. Therefore, current research is now focusing on understanding the specific molecular pathways implicated in TNBC, in order to identify novel biomarker signatures and develop targeted therapies able to improve its clinical management. With the aim of identifying novel molecular features characterizing TNBC, elucidating the mechanisms by which these molecular biomarkers are implicated in the tumor development and progression, and assessing the impact on cancerous cells following their inhibition or modulation, we conducted a literature search from the earliest works to December 2023 on PubMed, Scopus, and Web Of Science. A total of 146 studies were selected. The results obtained demonstrated that TNBC is characterized by a heterogeneous molecular profile. Several biomarkers have proven not only to be characteristic of TNBC but also to serve as potential effective therapeutic targets, holding the promise of a new era of personalized treatments able to improve its prognosis. The pre-clinical findings that have emerged from our systematic review set the stage for further investigation in forthcoming clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Pastena
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, Brookhaven, NY 11794, USA
| | - Hiran Perera
- Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, Brookhaven, NY 11794, USA
| | | | - William Kartsonis
- Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, Brookhaven, NY 11794, USA
| | - Francesco Giovinazzo
- Department of Surgery, Saint Camillus Hospital, 31100 Treviso, Italy
- Department of Surgery, UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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4
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Siqueira JM, Mitani Y, Hoff CO, Bonini F, Guimaraes de Sousa L, Marques-Piubelli ML, Purushothaman A, Mitani M, Dai H, Lin SY, Spiotto MT, Hanna EY, McGrail DJ, El-Naggar AK, Ferrarotto R. Analysis of B7-H4 Expression Across Salivary Gland Carcinomas Reveals Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma-Specific Prognostic Relevance. Mod Pathol 2024; 37:100371. [PMID: 38015043 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
B7-H4 (VTCN1), a member of the B7 family, is overexpressed in several types of cancer. Here we investigated the pattern of expression of B7-H4 in salivary gland carcinomas (SGC) and assessed its potential as a prognostic marker and therapeutic target. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses were performed in a cohort of 340 patient tumors, composed of 124 adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACC), 107 salivary duct carcinomas (SDC), 64 acinic cell carcinomas, 36 mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MEC), 9 secretory carcinomas (SC), as well as 20 normal salivary glands (controls). B7-H4 expression was scored and categorized into negative (<5% expression of any intensity), low (5%-70% expression of any intensity or >70% with weak intensity), or high (>70% moderate or strong diffuse intensity). The associations between B7-H4 expression and clinicopathologic characteristics, as well as overall survival, were assessed. Among all tumors, B7-H4 expression was more prevalent in ACC (94%) compared with those of SC (67%), MEC (44%), SDC (32%), and acinic cell carcinomas (0%). Normal salivary gland tissue did not express B7-H4. High expression of B7-H4 was found exclusively in ACC (27%), SDC (11%), and MEC (8%). In SDC, B7-H4 expression was associated with female gender (P = .002) and lack of androgen receptor expression (P = .012). In ACC, B7-H4 expression was significantly associated with solid histology (P < .0001) and minor salivary gland primary (P = .02). High B7-H4 expression was associated with a poorer prognosis in ACC, regardless of clinical stage and histologic subtype. B7-H4 expression was not prognostic in the non-ACC SGC evaluated. Our comparative study revealed distinct patterns of B7-H4 expression according to SGC histology, which has potential therapeutic implications. B7-H4 expression was particularly high in solid ACC and was an independent prognostic marker in this disease but not in the other SGC assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Mota Siqueira
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Department of Stomatology, Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Yoshitsugu Mitani
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Camilla Oliveira Hoff
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Flavia Bonini
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Luana Guimaraes de Sousa
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mario L Marques-Piubelli
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anurag Purushothaman
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mutsumi Mitani
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hui Dai
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Shiaw-Yih Lin
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael T Spiotto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ehab Y Hanna
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Daniel J McGrail
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Adel K El-Naggar
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Renata Ferrarotto
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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5
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Qi Y, Huang X, Ji C, Wang C, Yao Y. The co-inhibitory immune checkpoint proteins B7-H1(PD-L1) and B7-H4 in high grade glioma: From bench to bedside. Transl Oncol 2024; 39:101793. [PMID: 37844479 PMCID: PMC10587763 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Co-inhibitory immune checkpoints play a crucial role in tumor progression, and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor has been a breakthrough for treating multiple refractory tumors in last decade. Nevertheless, results of several phase III clinical trials of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor are unsatisfactory in high grade gliomas recently. This article reviews the promising biomarkers which can predict the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade immunotherapy and current status of emerging strategies involving PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, especially the combination treatment and neoadjuvant PD-1 therapy in gliomas. In addition, B7-H4, one of the most promising immune checkpoints, is also briefly reviewed here for its clinical significance, regulatory mechanism and developing immunotherapeutic strategies in pre-clinical glioma models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China; Immunology Laboratory, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoming Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China; Immunology Laboratory, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunxia Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China; Immunology Laboratory, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Yu Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China; Immunology Laboratory, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China.
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6
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Gray E, Ulrich M, Epp A, Younan P, Sahetya D, Hensley K, Allred S, Huang LY, Hahn J, Gahnberg K, Treuting PM, Trueblood ES, Gosink JJ, Thurman R, Wo S, Spahr K, Haass EJ, Snead K, Miller D, Padilla M, Smith AJ, Frantz C, Schrum JP, Nazarenko N, Gardai SJ. SGN-B7H4V, an investigational vedotin ADC directed to the immune checkpoint ligand B7-H4, shows promising activity in preclinical models. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e007572. [PMID: 37793853 PMCID: PMC10551938 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-007572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SGN-B7H4V is a novel investigational vedotin antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) comprising a B7-H4-directed human monoclonal antibody conjugated to the cytotoxic payload monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) via a protease-cleavable maleimidocaproyl valine citrulline (mc-vc) linker. This vedotin linker-payload system has been clinically validated in multiple Food and Drug Administration approved agents including brentuximab vedotin, enfortumab vedotin, and tisotumab vedotin. B7-H4 is an immune checkpoint ligand with elevated expression on a variety of solid tumors, including breast, ovarian, and endometrial tumors, and limited normal tissue expression. SGN-B7H4V is designed to induce direct cytotoxicity against target cells by binding to B7-H4 on the surface of target cells and releasing the cytotoxic payload MMAE upon internalization of the B7-H4/ADC complex. METHODS B7-H4 expression was characterized by immunohistochemistry across multiple solid tumor types. The ability of SGN-B7H4V to kill B7-H4-expressing tumor cells in vitro and in vivo in a variety of xenograft tumor models was also evaluated. Finally, the antitumor activity of SGN-B7H4V as monotherapy and in combination with an anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) agent was evaluated using an immunocompetent murine B7-H4-expressing Renca tumor model. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry confirmed B7-H4 expression across multiple solid tumors, with the highest prevalence in breast, endometrial, and ovarian tumors. In vitro, SGN-B7H4V killed B7-H4-expressing tumor cells by MMAE-mediated direct cytotoxicity and antibody-mediated effector functions including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis. In vivo, SGN-B7H4V demonstrated strong antitumor activity in multiple xenograft models of breast and ovarian cancer, including xenograft tumors with heterogeneous B7-H4 expression, consistent with the ability of vedotin ADCs to elicit a bystander effect. In an immunocompetent murine B7-H4-expressing tumor model, SGN-B7H4V drove robust antitumor activity as a monotherapy that was enhanced when combined with an anti-PD-1 agent. CONCLUSION The immune checkpoint ligand B7-H4 is a promising molecular target expressed by multiple solid tumors. SGN-B7H4V demonstrates robust antitumor activity in preclinical models through multiple potential mechanisms. Altogether, these preclinical data support the evaluation of SGN-B7H4V as a monotherapy in the ongoing phase 1 study of SGN-B7H4V in advanced solid tumors (NCT05194072) and potential future clinical combinations with immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Serena Wo
- Seagen Inc, Bothell, Washington, USA
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7
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Toader D, Fessler SP, Collins SD, Conlon PR, Bollu R, Catcott KC, Chin CN, Dirksen A, Du B, Duvall JR, Higgins S, Kozytska MV, Bellovoda K, Faircloth C, Lee D, Li F, Qin L, Routhier C, Shaw P, Stevenson CA, Wang J, Wongthida P, Ter-Ovanesyan E, Ditty E, Bradley SP, Xu L, Yin M, Yurkovetskiy AV, Mosher R, Damelin M, Lowinger TB. Discovery and Preclinical Characterization of XMT-1660, an Optimized B7-H4-Targeted Antibody-Drug Conjugate for the Treatment of Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2023; 22:999-1012. [PMID: 37294948 PMCID: PMC10477829 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-22-0786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) achieve targeted drug delivery to a tumor and have demonstrated clinical success in many tumor types. The activity and safety profile of an ADC depends on its construction: antibody, payload, linker, and conjugation method, as well as the number of payload drugs per antibody [drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR)]. To allow for ADC optimization for a given target antigen, we developed Dolasynthen (DS), a novel ADC platform based on the payload auristatin hydroxypropylamide, that enables precise DAR-ranging and site-specific conjugation. We used the new platform to optimize an ADC that targets B7-H4 (VTCN1), an immune-suppressive protein that is overexpressed in breast, ovarian, and endometrial cancers. XMT-1660 is a site-specific DS DAR 6 ADC that induced complete tumor regressions in xenograft models of breast and ovarian cancer as well as in a syngeneic breast cancer model that is refractory to PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibition. In a panel of 28 breast cancer PDXs, XMT-1660 demonstrated activity that correlated with B7-H4 expression. XMT-1660 has recently entered clinical development in a phase I study (NCT05377996) in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorin Toader
- Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Shawn P. Fessler
- Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Scott D. Collins
- Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Patrick R. Conlon
- Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Reddy Bollu
- Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Kalli C. Catcott
- Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Chen-Ni Chin
- Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Anouk Dirksen
- Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Bingfan Du
- Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jeremy R. Duvall
- Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Stacy Higgins
- Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Mariya V. Kozytska
- Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Kamela Bellovoda
- Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Chelsey Faircloth
- Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - David Lee
- Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Fu Li
- Pheon Therapeutics, Cambridge MA 02139
| | - Liuliang Qin
- Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Caitlin Routhier
- Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Pamela Shaw
- Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Cheri A. Stevenson
- Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jason Wang
- Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Elizabeth Ditty
- Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen P. Bradley
- Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ling Xu
- Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Mao Yin
- Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Rebecca Mosher
- Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Marc Damelin
- Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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8
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Wang Y, Li M, Wang G, Wu H. Role of B7 family members in glioma: Promising new targets for tumor immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1091383. [PMID: 36741734 PMCID: PMC9890054 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1091383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma, is a representative type of intracranial tumor among adults, usually has a weak prognosis and limited treatment options. Traditional therapies, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, have had little impact on patient survival time. Immunotherapies designed to target the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) signaling pathway have successfully treated various human cancers, informing the development of similar therapies for glioma. However, anti-PD-L1 response rates remain limited in glioma patients. Thus, exploring novel checkpoints targeting additional immunomodulatory pathways for activating durable antitumor immune responses and improving glioma outcomes is needed. Researchers have identified other B7 family checkpoint molecules, including PD-L2, B7-H2, B7-H3, B7-H4, and B7-H6. The current review article evaluates the expression of all 10 reported members of the B7 family in human glioma using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) data, as well as summarizes studies evaluating the clinical meanings and functions of B7 family molecules in gliomas. B7 family checkpoints may contribute to different immunotherapeutic management options for glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Third People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mengxi Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Third People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Third People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,*Correspondence: Gang Wang, ; Hui Wu,
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,*Correspondence: Gang Wang, ; Hui Wu,
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9
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Chen X, Li J, Chen Y, Que Z, Du J, Zhang J. B7 Family Members in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Attractive Targets for Cancer Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315005. [PMID: 36499340 PMCID: PMC9740860 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest cancers, with a five-year survival rate of approximately 5-10%. The immune checkpoint blockade represented by PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors has been effective in a variety of solid tumors but has had little clinical response in pancreatic cancer patients. The unique suppressive immune microenvironment is the primary reason for this outcome, and it is essential to identify key targets to remodel the immune microenvironment. Some B7 family immune checkpoints, particularly PD-L1, PD-L2, B7-H3, B7-H4, VISTA and HHLA2, have been identified as playing a significant role in the control of tumor immune responses. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the recent research progress of some members of the B7 family in pancreatic cancer, which revealed that they can be involved in tumor progression through immune-dependent and non-immune-dependent pathways, highlighting the mechanisms of their involvement in tumor immune escape and assessing the prospects of their clinical application. Targeting B7 family immune checkpoints is expected to result in novel immunotherapeutic treatments for patients with pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Function Imaging, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ziting Que
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiawei Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Function Imaging, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jianqiong Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Function Imaging, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-25-83272314
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10
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GAO Z, LING X, SHI C, WANG Y, LIN A. Tumor immune checkpoints and their associated inhibitors. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2022; 23:823-843. [PMID: 36226537 PMCID: PMC9561405 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2200195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Immunological evasion is one of the defining characteristics of cancers, as the immune modification of an immune checkpoint (IC) confers immune evasion capabilities to tumor cells. Multiple ICs, such as programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), can bind to their respective receptors and reduce tumor immunity in a variety of ways, including blocking immune cell activation signals. IC blockade (ICB) therapies targeting these checkpoint molecules have demonstrated significant clinical benefits. This is because antibody-based IC inhibitors and a variety of specific small molecule inhibitors can inhibit key oncogenic signaling pathways and induce durable tumor remission in patients with a variety of cancers. Deciphering the roles and regulatory mechanisms of these IC molecules will provide crucial theoretical guidance for clinical treatment. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the functional and regulatory mechanisms of these IC molecules at multiple levels, including epigenetic regulation, transcriptional regulation, and post-translational modifications. In addition, we provide a summary of the medications targeting various nodes in the regulatory pathway, and highlight the potential of newly identified IC molecules, focusing on their potential implications for cancer diagnostics and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerui GAO
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China,Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou310058, China,Chu Kochen Honors College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Xingyi LING
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China,Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Chengyu SHI
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China,Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Ying WANG
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China,Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Aifu LIN
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China,Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou310058, China,Breast Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310003, China,International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu322000, China,ZJU-QILU Joint Research Institute, Hangzhou310058, China,Aifu LIN,
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11
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Lv C, Han S, Wu B, Liang Z, Li Y, Zhang Y, Lang Q, Zhong C, Fu L, Yu Y, Xu F, Tian Y. Novel immune scoring dynamic nomograms based on B7-H3, B7-H4, and HHLA2: Potential prediction in survival and immunotherapeutic efficacy for gallbladder cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:984172. [PMID: 36159808 PMCID: PMC9493478 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.984172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundGallbladder cancer (GBC) is a mortal malignancy with limited therapeutic strategies. We aimed to develop novel immune scoring systems focusing on B7-H3, B7-H4, and HHLA2. We further investigated their potential clinical effects in predicting survival and immunotherapeutic efficacy for GBC.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study in a single center that explored the expression characteristics of B7-H3, B7-H4, and HHLA2. The immune scoring nomograms for prognostic were developed via logistic regression analyses. Their performance was evaluated using the Harrell concordance index (C-index) and decision curves analysis (DCA), and validated with calibration curves.ResultsB7-H3, B7-H4, and HHLA2 manifested with a relatively high rate of co-expression patterns in GBC tissues. They were associated with worse clinicopathological stage, suppression of immune microenvironment, and unfavorable prognosis in postoperative survival. B7 stratification established based on B7-H3, B7-H4, and HHLA2 was an independent prognostic predictor (p<0.05 in both groups). Moreover, immune stratification was also successfully constructed based on B7 stratification and the density of CD8+ TILs (all p<0.001). The prediction models were developed based on B7-/or immune stratification combined with the TNM/or Nevin staging system. These novel models have excellent discrimination ability in predicting survival and immunotherapeutic efficacy for GBC patients by DCA and clinical impact plots. Finally, dynamic nomograms were developed for the most promising clinical prediction models (B7-TNM model and Immune-TNM model) to facilitate prediction.ConclusionsImmune scoring systems focusing on B7-H3, B7-H4, and HHLA2 may effectively stratify the prognosis of GBC. Prognostic nomograms based on novel immune scoring systems may potentially predict survival and immunotherapeutic efficacy in GBC. Further valid verification is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Lv
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Shukun Han
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Baokang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhiyun Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Yizhou Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Qi Lang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Chongli Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Lei Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Surgery, Jinzhou Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, China
- *Correspondence: Yu Tian,
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12
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Chi J, Liu Y, Yang L, Yang J. Silencing of B7H4 represses the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma through promotion of M1 macrophage polarization. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2022; 80:1408-1423. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2022.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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13
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Kim NI, Park MH, Cho N, Lee JS. Comparison of the Clinicopathologic Features and T-Cell Infiltration of B7-H3 and B7-H4 Expression in Triple-negative Breast Cancer Subtypes. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2022; 30:246-256. [PMID: 35384874 PMCID: PMC8989634 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000001001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Previously we revealed an upregulated expression of B7-H3 and B7-H4 mRNA and protein in breast cancer, including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, little is known regarding the clinical impact and value of B7-H3 and B7-H4 in TNBC subtypes. Thus, this study evaluated the clinicopathologic effects of B7-H3 and B7-H4 mRNA and protein expression according to the TNBC subtypes. RNAscope in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry of B7-H3 and B7-H4 was done for 186 TNBC samples using tissue microarray. Immunohistochemistry was also performed for TNBC molecular subtype-surrogate markers, CD3, and CD8. TNBCs were classified into basal-like (BL) (64.5%), luminal androgen receptor (10.8%), and unclassifiable (24.7%) subtypes. Tumor B7-H4 mRNA expression was associated with younger age at the initial diagnosis and with molecular TNBC subtypes. Expression of B7-H3 mRNA and protein in the tumor cells was negatively correlated with CD3+ and CD8+ T-cell infiltration density in the tumor and/or stromal region of TNBCs and their subtypes. High stromal B7-H3 mRNA expression was associated with poor disease-free and overall survival in the TNBCs and with overall survival in the unclassifiable subtype. Stromal B7-H3 mRNA expression was independently associated with overall survival and disease-free survival in the TNBCs and BL subtype, respectively. Our results indicate the importance of the stromal expression of B7-H3 mRNA as a prognostic factor in the TNBCs and BL subtype. The inverse relationship between B7-H3 expression and CD3+ and CD8+ T-lymphocyte infiltration represents a promising target for immunotherapy for the TNBCs, especially the BL subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Min Ho Park
- Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School
| | - NamKi Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
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14
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Teicher BA, Morris J. Antibody-Drug Conjugate Targets, Drugs and Linkers. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2022; 22:463-529. [PMID: 35209819 DOI: 10.2174/1568009622666220224110538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates offer the possibility of directing powerful cytotoxic agents to a malignant tumor while sparing normal tissue. The challenge is to select an antibody target expressed exclusively or at highly elevated levels on the surface of tumor cells and either not all or at low levels on normal cells. The current review explores 78 targets that have been explored as antibody-drug conjugate targets. Some of these targets have been abandoned, 9 or more are the targets of FDA-approved drugs, and most remain active clinical interest. Antibody-drug conjugates require potent cytotoxic drug payloads, several of these small molecules are discussed, as are the linkers between the protein component and small molecule components of the conjugates. Finally, conclusions regarding the elements for the successful antibody-drug conjugate are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly A Teicher
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, DCTD, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892,United States
| | - Joel Morris
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, DCTD, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892,United States
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15
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Dicara DM, Bhakta S, Go MA, Ziai J, Firestein R, Forrest B, Gu C, Leong SR, Lee G, Yu SF, Polson AG, Agard NJ. Development of T-cell engagers selective for cells co-expressing two antigens. MAbs 2022; 14:2115213. [PMID: 36206404 PMCID: PMC9553182 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2022.2115213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell-engaging bispecific antibodies (TCEs) are clinically effective treatments for hematological cancers. While the utility of TCEs in solid malignancies is being explored, toxicities arising from antigen expression on normal tissues have slowed or halted several clinical trials. Here, we describe the development of TCEs that preferentially drive T cell-mediated death against target cells co-expressing two tumor-associated antigens. We show that Ly6E and B7-H4 are simultaneously expressed on approximately 50% of breast cancers, whereas normal tissue expression is limited and mostly orthogonal. Traditional bispecific TCEs targeting a singular antigen, either Ly6E or B7-H4, are active when paired with high-affinity CD3-engagers, but normal tissue expression presents a toxicity risk. Treatment with a murine cross-reactive B7-H4-TCE results in rapid and severe weight loss in mice along with damage to B7-H4-expressing tissues. To overcome on-target toxicity, we designed trispecific antibodies co-targeting Ly6E, B7-H4, and CD3 and characterized the impact of dual-antigen binding and the relative placement of each binding domain on tumor killing in vitro and in vivo. In vitro killing of tumor cells co-expressing both antigens correlates to the placement of the higher affinity B7-H4 binding domain, with only modest enhancements seen upon addition of Ly6E binding. In xenograft models, avid binding of appropriately designed trispecific TCEs enables tumor growth inhibition while evading the poor tolerability seen with active bispecific TCEs. Collectively these data highlight the potential for dual-antigen targeting to improve safety and efficacy, and expand the scope of tumors that may effectively be treated by TCEs. Abbreviations: Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-Ts), dual-antigen targeted T cell engagers (DAT-TCE), Fragment antigen-binding (Fab), Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC), Immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunohistochemistry (IHC), NOD SCID gamma (NSG), peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), surface plasmon resonance (SPR), T cell-engagers (TCEs)
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Dicara
- Genentech Research and Early Development, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sunil Bhakta
- Genentech Research and Early Development, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mary Ann Go
- Genentech Research and Early Development, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - James Ziai
- Genentech Research and Early Development, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ron Firestein
- Genentech Research and Early Development, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Bill Forrest
- Genentech Research and Early Development, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Chen Gu
- Genentech Research and Early Development, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Steven R Leong
- Genentech Research and Early Development, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Genee Lee
- Genentech Research and Early Development, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Shang-Fan Yu
- Genentech Research and Early Development, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Andrew G Polson
- Genentech Research and Early Development, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nicholas J Agard
- Genentech Research and Early Development, South San Francisco, California, USA
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16
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Kim NI, Park MH, Lee JS. Associations of B7-H3 and B7-H4 Expression in Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast With Clinicopathologic Features and T-Cell Infiltration. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2021; 28:767-775. [PMID: 31714284 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
B7-H3 and B7-H4 play an inhibitory role in T-cell function by limiting proliferation and cytokine production. Information about B7-H3 and B7-H4 expression in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) remains uncertain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the expression levels of B7-H3 and B7-H4 in DCIS and their associations with clinicopathologic features and T-cell infiltration. B7-H3 and B7-H4 mRNA and protein expression levels in 8 pairs of DCIS tissues and matched normal adjacent tissues were examined by RNAscope in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry analysis. Immunohistochemical staining of B7-H3, B7-H4, CD3, and CD8 was performed for 79 DCIS samples using tissue microarray. RNAscope in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that expression levels of B7-H3 and B7-H4 in DCIS tissues were higher than those in corresponding normal tissues. B7-H3 and B7-H4 mRNA and protein appeared to be mainly expressed in DCIS carcinoma cells. High B7-H3 and B7-H4 expression was observed in 58 (73.4%) and 62 (78.5%) cases with DCIS, respectively. High B7-H3 expression was significantly associated with high-nuclear grade and presence of comedo-type necrosis (both P<0.05). B7-H3 expression in HR/HER2 subtype was higher than that in HR/HER2 subtype (P<0.05). B7-H3 and B7-H4 expression levels were negatively related to the density of CD3 and CD8 T-cell infiltrates. B7-H3 and B7-H4 may play an important role in immune surveillance mechanisms of DCIS. They might be useful targets to develop immune-based therapy to alter or prevent DCIS progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Min Ho Park
- Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
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17
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Qiu MJ, Xia Q, Chen YB, Fang XF, Li QT, Zhu LS, Jiang X, Xiong ZF, Yang SL. The Expression of Three Negative Co-Stimulatory B7 Family Molecules in Small Cell Lung Cancer and Their Effect on Prognosis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:600238. [PMID: 33937019 PMCID: PMC8082063 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.600238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown significant effects in a variety of solid tumors. However, due to the low incidence of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and its unclear mechanism, immune checkpoints in SCLC have not been fully studied. Methods We evaluated the expression of PD-L1, B7-H3, and B7-H4 in 115 SCLC tissue specimens using immunohistochemistry. The clinical data of patients with SCLC were retrospectively reviewed to investigate three negative co-stimulatory B7 family molecules’ ability to affect the prognosis of SCLC. Results Among the SCLC patients with complete follow-up data (n = 107), sixty-nine (64.49%) expressed moderate to high B7-H3 levels, which correlated positively with tumor sizes (P < 0.001). Eighty (74.77%) patients expressed moderate to high B7-H4 levels, which correlated positively with metastases (P = 0.049). The positive expression of B7-H3 and B7-H4 correlated significantly with shortened overall survival (OS) (B7-H3, P = 0.006; B7-H4, P = 0.019). PD-L1 was positively expressed only in 13.08% of cancer tissues, and there was no significant correlation with prognosis. The Cox proportional hazards regression showed that B7-H3 was an independent prognostic indicator of OS (P = 0.028; HR = 2.125 [95% CI = 0.985-4.462]). Conclusions Our results suggest that B7-H3 has a negative predictive effect on SCLC. This outcome provides a theoretical basis for the subsequent research on immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting B7-H3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Jun Qiu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qin Xia
- Institute of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao-Bing Chen
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xie-Fan Fang
- Department of Toxicology, Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Reno, NV, United States
| | - Qiu-Ting Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Sheng Zhu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Fan Xiong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng-Li Yang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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18
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Depleting Tumor Cells Expressing Immune Checkpoint Ligands-A New Approach to Combat Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040872. [PMID: 33921301 PMCID: PMC8069236 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies against inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules (ICPMs), referred to as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), have gained a prominent place in cancer therapy. Several ICIs in clinical use have been engineered to be devoid of effector functions because of the fear that ICIs with preserved effector functions could deplete immune cells, thereby curtailing antitumor immune responses. ICPM ligands (ICPMLs), however, are often overexpressed on a sizeable fraction of tumor cells of many tumor types and these tumor cells display an aggressive phenotype with changes typical of tumor cells undergoing an epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Moreover, immune cells expressing ICPMLs are often endowed with immunosuppressive or immune-deviated functionalities. Taken together, these observations suggest that compounds with the potential of depleting cells expressing ICPMLs may become useful tools for tumor therapy. In this article, we summarize the current state of the art of these compounds, including avelumab, which is the only ICI targeting an ICPML with preserved effector functions that has gained approval so far. We also discuss approaches allowing to obtain compounds with enhanced tumor cell-depleting potential compared to native antibodies. Eventually, we propose treatment protocols that may be applied in order to optimize the therapeutic efficacy of compounds that deplete cells expressing ICPMLs.
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19
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Kopp A, Thurber GM. Severing Ties: Quantifying the Payload Release from Antibody Drug Conjugates. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 26:1631-1633. [PMID: 31951577 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
As a key mediator of efficacy and toxicity, the linker connecting the payload in antibody drug conjugates determines cellular distribution and payload release. Sorkin et al. (2019) have created novel fluorescence-based linkers to quantify the rate of intracellular bond cleavage and track live-cell kinetics for designing more effective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kopp
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Greg M Thurber
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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20
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Kim NI, Park MH, Kweon SS, Lee JS. B7-H3 and B7-H4 Expression in Breast Cancer and Their Association with Clinicopathological Variables and T Cell Infiltration. Pathobiology 2020; 87:179-192. [PMID: 32088722 DOI: 10.1159/000505756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES B7-H3 and B7-H4 proteins are expressed in breast cancer tissues, but their relationships with respect to tumor immune surveillance and outcomes in breast cancer are not conclusive. METHODS We first examined B7-H3 and B7-H4 mRNA expression in the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets. Next, mRNA and protein expression were assessed by RNAscope in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry in 10 pairs of breast cancer and matched normal tissues. Immunohistochemical staining of B7-H3, B7-H4, CD3, and CD8 was performed in tissue microarray slides containing 198 breast cancer samples. Association of B7-H3 and B7-H4 expression with survival was verified using the publicly accessible BreastMark tool. RESULTS B7-H3 and B7-H4 mRNA expression were significantly higher in breast cancer samples in the TCGA dataset than in normal breast tissues in the GTEx dataset. RNAscope ISH and immunohistochemistry showed that B7-H3 and B7-H4 mRNA and protein appeared to be mainly expressed in cancer cells. Expression of B7-H3 and B7-H4 tended to be associated with low-density scores of stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) as well as molecular subtypes. Expressions of B7-H3 and B7-H4 were negatively correlated with stromal CD3+ and CD8+ T cell infiltration density. B7-H3 and B7-H4 expression was not associated with survival, which was verified by BreastMark analysis. CONCLUSION Expression levels of B7-H3 and B7-H4 were independent of clinical outcomes of breast cancer. There was an inverse relationship between the expression of B7-H3 and B7-H4 in breast cancer and the density of stromal TILs and CD8+ T lymphocytes. This inverse relationship may represent a promising target in the field of breast cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nah Ihm Kim
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ho Park
- Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Seog Kweon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Shin Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea,
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21
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Fu M, Tang L. Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Immunotherapy for Tumor: A Review of Patent Literatures. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2019; 14:60-69. [PMID: 30636615 DOI: 10.2174/1574892814666190111120908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell immunotherapy, as an innovative
method for tumor immunotherapy, acquires unprecedented clinical outcomes. Genetic modification not
only provides T cells with the antigen-binding function but also endows T cells with better
immunological functions both in solid and hematological cancer. However, the CAR T cell therapy is
not perfect because of several reasons, such as tumor immune microenvironment, and autologous
limiting factors of CAR T cells. Moreover, the safety of CAR T cells should be improved. OBJECTIVE Recently many patents and publications have reported the importance of CAR T cell immunotherapy. Based on the patents about CAR T cell immunotherapy, we conclude some methods for
designing the CAR which can provide useful information to readers. METHODS This review presents recent patents and publications, summarizes some specific antigens for
oncotherapy from patents and enumerate some approaches to treatment of immunosuppression and
reinforcing the immune response of CAR T cells. We also sum up some strategies for improving the
safety of CAR T cell immunotherapy. RESULTS CAR T cell immunotherapy as a neotype cellular immunotherapy has been proved effective in
oncotherapy and authorized by the FDA. Improvements in CAR designing have enhanced the
functions of CAR T cells. CONCLUSION This review, summarizing antigens and approaches to overcome defects of CAR T cell
immunotherapy from patents and publications, might contribute to a broad readership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manxue Fu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, P.R. China. Address: No.174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing, China
| | - Liling Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, P.R. China. Address: No.174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing, China
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22
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Wang JY, Wang WP. B7-H4, a promising target for immunotherapy. Cell Immunol 2019; 347:104008. [PMID: 31733822 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2019.104008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The coinhibitory molecule B7-H4, an important member of the B7 family, is abnormally expressed in tumors, inflammation and autoimmune diseases. B7-H4 negatively regulates T cell immune response and promotes immune escape by inhibiting the proliferation, cytokine secretion, and cell cycle of T cells. Moreover, B7-H4 plays an extremely important role in tumorigenesis and tumor development including cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, anti-apoptosis, etc. In addition, B7-H4 has the other biological functions, such as protection against type 1 diabetes (T1D) and islet cell transplantation. Therefore, B7-H4 has been identified as a novel marker or a therapeutic target for the treatment of tumors, inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and organ transplantation. Here, we summarized the expression profiles, physiological and pathological functions, and regulatory mechanisms of B7-H4, the signaling pathways involved, as well as B7-H4-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yu Wang
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wei-Peng Wang
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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23
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The B7x Immune Checkpoint Pathway: From Discovery to Clinical Trial. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2019; 40:883-896. [PMID: 31677920 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
B7x (B7 homolog x, also known as B7-H4, B7S1, and VTCN1) was discovered by ourselves and others in 2003 as the seventh member of the B7 family. It is an inhibitory immune checkpoint of great significance to human disease. Tissue-expressed B7x minimizes autoimmune and inflammatory responses. It is overexpressed in a broad spectrum of human cancers, where it suppresses antitumor immunity. Further, B7x and PD-L1 tend to have mutually exclusive expression in cancer cells. Therapeutics targeting B7x are effective in animal models of cancers and autoimmune disorders, and early-phase clinical trials are underway to determine the efficacy and safety of targeting B7x in human diseases. It took 15 years moving from the discovery of B7x to clinical trials. Further studies will be necessary to identify its receptors, reveal its physiological functions in organs, and combine therapies targeting B7x with other treatments.
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24
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Chapoval AI, Chapoval SP, Shcherbakova NS, Shcherbakov DN. Immune Checkpoints of the B7 Family. Part 2. Representatives of the B7 Family B7-H3, B7-H4, B7-H5, B7-H6, B7-H7, and ILDR2 and Their Receptors. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162019050091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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Kaur G, Janakiram M. B7x-from bench to bedside. ESMO Open 2019; 4:e000554. [PMID: 31555486 PMCID: PMC6735664 DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2019-000554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
B7x is an immune checkpoint molecule which belongs to the B7 family of ligands which includes PD-L1, PD-L2, B7-H3 and HHLA2. B7x belongs to the Immunoglobulin superfamily and its protein structure is similar to other members with a N terminus peptide, IgV and IgC like extracellular domain with four cysteine residues. Its receptor is yet to be identified. B7x inhibits T cell proliferation and expansion by IL-2 dependent and non-IL-2 dependent pathways. Even though high levels of B7x mRNA can be detected in most tissues its protein expression is highly limited suggesting significant post translational control. In vivo data, show that B7x plays an important role in limiting autoimmunity in the peripheral tissues and fine-tuning autoimmune responses. B7x is highly expressed in various cancers and in prostate cancer its expression is corelated with poorer outcomes. Local production of IL-6 and IL-10 in various cancers promotes B7x expression and tumor immune evasion. B7x is especially expressed in PD-L1 negative tumors suggesting that this may be an important method of immune evasion in these tumors. Currently drug development, targeting B7x through various mechanisms including monoclonal antibodies and antibody drug conjugates are in development in cancers and increasing B7x expression with fusion proteins in autoimmune diseases is underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurbakhash Kaur
- Department of Medical Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York city, New York, USA
| | - Murali Janakiram
- Department of Medical Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York city, New York, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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26
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Iizuka A, Nonomura C, Ashizawa T, Kondou R, Ohshima K, Sugino T, Mitsuya K, Hayashi N, Nakasu Y, Maruyama K, Yamaguchi K, Akiyama Y. A T-cell-engaging B7-H4/CD3-bispecific Fab-scFv Antibody Targets Human Breast Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:2925-2934. [PMID: 30737243 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-3123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The B7 homolog 4 (B7-H4, VTCN1) is an immune checkpoint molecule that negatively regulates immune responses and is known to be overexpressed in many human cancers. Previously, we generated a mouse anti-human B7-H4 mAb that did not have a significant antitumor effect in vivo probably because of molecule instability. In this study, we designed a B7-H4/CD3-bispecific antibody (BsAb) and investigated its antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo using a humanized mouse model. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN cDNAs of the antibody-binding fragment (Fab)-single-chain variable fragment (scFv) and scFv-scFv of the anti-B7-H4/CD3 BsAb were synthesized, and the BsAb antibodies were produced in HEK293 cells. The antitumor activity against human breast cancer cells by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMC) with BsAb was measured by lactate dehydrogenase release in vitro, and in vivo using hPBMC-transplanted MHC class I- and class II-deficient NOG mice. RESULTS hPBMCs with anti-B7-H4/CD3 BsAbs successfully lysed the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-468 (EC50: 0.2 ng/mL) and other B7-H4+ cell lines in vitro. When BsAb was injected in a humanized mouse model, there was an immediate and strong antitumor activity against MDA-MB-468, HCC-1954, and HCC-1569 tumors and CD8+ and granzyme B+ CTL infiltration into the tumor, and there were no adverse effects after long-term observation. CD8+ T-cell depletion by an anti-CD8 antibody mostly reduced the antitumor effect of BsAb in vivo. CONCLUSIONS An anti-B7-H4/CD3 BsAb may be a good therapeutic tool for patients with B7-H4+ breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Iizuka
- Immunotherapy Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Chizu Nonomura
- Immunotherapy Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ashizawa
- Immunotherapy Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ryota Kondou
- Immunotherapy Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ohshima
- Medical Genetics Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Sugino
- Division of Pathology, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Koichi Mitsuya
- Division of Neurosurgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Nakamasa Hayashi
- Division of Neurosurgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yoko Nakasu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kouji Maruyama
- Experimental Animal Facility, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ken Yamaguchi
- Office of the President, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuto Akiyama
- Immunotherapy Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Shizuoka, Japan. .,Division of Neurosurgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
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27
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Altan M, Kidwell KM, Pelekanou V, Carvajal-Hausdorf DE, Schalper KA, Toki MI, Thomas DG, Sabel MS, Hayes DF, Rimm DL. Association of B7-H4, PD-L1, and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes with outcomes in breast cancer. NPJ Breast Cancer 2018; 4:40. [PMID: 30564631 PMCID: PMC6288133 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-018-0095-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
B7-H4 (VTCN1) is a member of the CD28/B7 family of immune co-inhibitory molecules. The relationship of tumor and stromal B7-H4 protein expression with PD-L1, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and its association with clinico-pathological variables are not well defined. Herein, we explore the expression level of B7-H4 protein in breast cancer and evaluate its association with TILs, levels of PD-L1 expression, and clinico-pathological characteristics in two independent populations. In this study, we used multiplexed automated quantitative immunofluorescence (QIF) to measure the levels of B7-H4 and PD-L1 protein and determined TILs through pathologist assessment of H&E-stained preparations in over a thousand breast cancer cases from two institutions represented in tissue microarray format. Associations between the marker levels, major clinico-pathological variables, and survival were analyzed. We detected B7-H4 protein was highly expressed in both breast cancer and stromal cells. Its expression was independent of breast cancer intrinsic subtypes. PD-L1 expression was higher in triple negative breast cancers. Neither B7-H4 nor PD-L1 were associated with survival in breast cancer. Our study shows there is a mutually exclusive pattern of B7-H4 with both tumor PD-L1 expression and TILs in all breast cancers, independent of breast cancer intrinsic subtype. This exclusive pattern suggests that some breast tumors may preferentially use one B7-related immune evasion mechanism/pathway. This could explain the clinical benefit that is seen only in a fraction of patients with immune checkpoint inhibitors directed exclusively towards PD-L1 in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Altan
- Section of Medical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Kelley M. Kidwell
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
- Breast Oncology Program, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | | | - Daniel E. Carvajal-Hausdorf
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
- Anatomic Pathology, Clinica Alemana-Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Desarrollo, Vitacura, Santiago Chile
| | - Kurt A. Schalper
- Section of Medical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Maria I. Toki
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Dafydd G. Thomas
- Breast Oncology Program, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Michael S. Sabel
- Breast Oncology Program, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Daniel F. Hayes
- Breast Oncology Program, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - David L. Rimm
- Section of Medical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
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28
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Wang L, Yang C, Liu XB, Wang L, Kang FB. B7-H4 overexpression contributes to poor prognosis and drug-resistance in triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:100. [PMID: 30008617 PMCID: PMC6044050 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0597-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The expression of the immunoregulatory protein B7-H4 has been reported in many types of cancer, including breast cancer. However, its role in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), especially its correlation with patients’ prognosis and chemoresistance remains unclear. Methods The expression of B7-H4 in TNBC tissues and cell lines were measured with Real-Time PCR and western blotting. 65 cases of TNBC tissue samples and adjacent non-tumor tissue samples were analyzed by immunochemistry to demonstrate the correlation between the B7-H4 expression and clinicopathological characteristics. In vitro studies assessed mAb MIH43 alone and in combination with transfecting B7-H4 siRNA on the growth of chemosensitive and chemoresistant TNBC cell lines by CCK-8 and apoptotic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results B7-H4 expression was detected positive in 59 of 65 (90.8%) different stage TNBC patients, especially in the samples of recurrence TNBC patients after receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment. Survival curves showed that patients with B7-H4 overexpression had significantly shorter survival and recurrence time than those with low B7-H4 expression (p < 0.005). Univariate and multivariate COX regression analysis demonstrated that B7-H4 was an independent predictor for advanced tumor stage. The monoclonal antibody of B7-H4 has the potential anti-proliferative effects on inhibiting the chemoresistant TNBC cell lines and increasing the sensitivity of TNBC cell lines to doxorubicin, paclitaxel or carboplatin. RNAi-mediated silencing of B7-H4 in TNBC cells enhanced drug-induced apoptosis via inhibiting PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway, whereas reexpression of B7-H4 in B7-H4 knockdown and low B7-H4 expressing cells increased the phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT along with restoration of PETN expression. Conclusions Our data show that B7-H4 is a biomarker indicative of a poor prognosis in TNBC patients and at least partially downregulated in chemoresistance via PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway. Targeting B7-H4 might provide an attractive therapeutic approach specifically for TNBC patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12935-018-0597-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- 1Department of Orthopedic Oncology, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Yang
- 2Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Bo Liu
- 3Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Pathology, the Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Fu-Biao Kang
- 5Department of Liver Diseases, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei People's Republic of China
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29
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Lee BC, Chalouni C, Doll S, Nalle SC, Darwish M, Tsai SP, Kozak KR, Del-Rosario G, Yu SF, Erickson H, Vandlen R. FRET Reagent Reveals the Intracellular Processing of Peptide-Linked Antibody–Drug Conjugates. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:2468-2477. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Byoung-Chul Lee
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Cecile Chalouni
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Sophia Doll
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Sam C. Nalle
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Martine Darwish
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Siao Ping Tsai
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Katherine R. Kozak
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Geoffrey Del-Rosario
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Shang-Fan Yu
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Hans Erickson
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Richard Vandlen
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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30
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Bhakta S, Crocker LM, Chen Y, Hazen M, Schutten MM, Li D, Kuijl C, Ohri R, Zhong F, Poon KA, Go MAT, Cheng E, Piskol R, Firestein R, Fourie-O'Donohue A, Kozak KR, Raab H, Hongo JA, Sampath D, Dennis MS, Scheller RH, Polakis P, Junutula JR. An Anti-GDNF Family Receptor Alpha 1 (GFRA1) Antibody-Drug Conjugate for the Treatment of Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 17:638-649. [PMID: 29282299 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Luminal A (hormone receptor-positive) breast cancer constitutes 70% of total breast cancer patients. In an attempt to develop a targeted therapeutic for this cancer indication, we have identified and characterized Glial cell line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF) Family Receptor Alpha 1 (GFRA1) antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) using a cleavable valine-citrulline-MMAE (vcMMAE) linker-payload. RNAseq and IHC analysis confirmed the abundant expression of GFRA1 in luminal A breast cancer tissues, whereas minimal or no expression was observed in most normal tissues. Anti-GFRA-vcMMAE ADC internalized to the lysosomes and exhibited target-dependent killing of GFRA1-expressing cells both in vitro and in vivo The ADCs using humanized anti-GFRA1 antibodies displayed robust therapeutic activity in clinically relevant cell line-derived (MCF7 and KPL-1) tumor xenograft models. The lead anti-GFRA1 ADC cross-reacts with rodent and cynomolgus monkey GFRA1 antigen and showed optimal pharmacokinetic properties in both species. These properties subsequently enabled a target-dependent toxicity study in rats. Anti-GFRA1 ADC is well tolerated in rats, as seen with other vcMMAE linker-payload based ADCs. Overall, these data suggest that anti-GFRA1-vcMMAE ADC may provide a targeted therapeutic opportunity for luminal A breast cancer patients. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(3); 638-49. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Bhakta
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California.
| | - Lisa M Crocker
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California
| | - Yvonne Chen
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California
| | - Meredith Hazen
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Dongwei Li
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California
| | - Coenraad Kuijl
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California
| | - Rachana Ohri
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California
| | - Fiona Zhong
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California
| | - Kirsten A Poon
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California
| | - Mary Ann T Go
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California
| | - Eric Cheng
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California
| | - Robert Piskol
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California
| | - Ron Firestein
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California
| | | | | | - Helga Raab
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California
| | - Jo-Anne Hongo
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California
| | - Deepak Sampath
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California
| | - Mark S Dennis
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Paul Polakis
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California
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31
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Harnessing a catalytic lysine residue for the one-step preparation of homogeneous antibody-drug conjugates. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1112. [PMID: 29062027 PMCID: PMC5653646 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01257-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Current strategies to produce homogeneous antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) rely on mutations or inefficient conjugation chemistries. Here we present a strategy to produce site-specific ADCs using a highly reactive natural buried lysine embedded in a dual variable domain (DVD) format. This approach is mutation free and drug conjugation proceeds rapidly at neutral pH in a single step without removing any charges. The conjugation chemistry is highly robust, enabling the use of crude DVD for ADC preparation. In addition, this strategy affords the ability to precisely monitor the efficiency of drug conjugation with a catalytic assay. ADCs targeting HER2 were prepared and demonstrated to be highly potent and specific in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the modular DVD platform was used to prepare potent and specific ADCs targeting CD138 and CD79B, two clinically established targets overexpressed in multiple myeloma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, respectively. Current strategies for producing antibody-drug conjugates often rely on inefficient conjugation chemistry or on generating mutations in the antibody sequence. Here the authors demonstrate a mutation-free, single-step conjugation platform utilizing a buried lysine residue.
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32
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Guo M, Tomoshige K, Meister M, Muley T, Fukazawa T, Tsuchiya T, Karns R, Warth A, Fink-Baldauf IM, Nagayasu T, Naomoto Y, Xu Y, Mall MA, Maeda Y. Gene signature driving invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma of the lung. EMBO Mol Med 2017; 9:462-481. [PMID: 28255028 PMCID: PMC5376761 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201606711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Though invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma of the lung (IMA) is pathologically distinctive, the molecular mechanism driving IMA is not well understood, which hampers efforts to identify therapeutic targets. Here, by analyzing gene expression profiles of human and mouse IMA, we identified a Mucinous Lung Tumor Signature of 143 genes, which was unexpectedly enriched in mucin-producing gastrointestinal, pancreatic, and breast cancers. The signature genes included transcription factors FOXA3, SPDEF, HNF4A, mucins MUC5AC, MUC5B, MUC3, and an inhibitory immune checkpoint VTCN1/B7-H4 (but not PD-L1/B7-H1). Importantly, induction of FOXA3 or SPDEF along with mutant KRAS in lung epithelium was sufficient to develop benign or malignant mucinous lung tumors, respectively, in transgenic mice. FOXA3 and SPDEF induced MUC5AC and MUC5B, while HNF4A induced MUC3 in human mucinous lung cancer cells harboring a KRAS mutation. ChIP-seq combined with CRISPR/Cas9 determined that upstream enhancer regions of the mucin genes MUC5AC and MUC5B, which were bound by SPDEF, were required for the expression of the mucin genes. Here, we report the molecular signature and gene regulatory network driving mucinous lung tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minzhe Guo
- Perinatal Institute, Divisions of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computing Systems, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Koichi Tomoshige
- Perinatal Institute, Divisions of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michael Meister
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at University Hospital Heidelberg, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Muley
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at University Hospital Heidelberg, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Takuya Fukazawa
- Department of General Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tomoshi Tsuchiya
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Rebekah Karns
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Arne Warth
- Institute of Pathology, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Iris M Fink-Baldauf
- Perinatal Institute, Divisions of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Takeshi Nagayasu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshio Naomoto
- Department of General Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yan Xu
- Perinatal Institute, Divisions of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Marcus A Mall
- Department of Translational Pulmonology, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yutaka Maeda
- Perinatal Institute, Divisions of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Pettit GR, Melody N, Chapuis JC. Antineoplastic Agents. 604. The Path of Quinstatin Derivatives to Antibody Drug Conjugates. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:2447-2452. [PMID: 28895394 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To further evaluate the exceptional cancer cell growth inhibition by the quinstatins, of which one of the series, quinstatin 8, approaches the exceptional cytotoxic activity of the parent dolastatin 10 (1), four of the quinstatins have been converted to desmethyl derivatives. Three of the four (4, 5, and 8 [7b-d]) were next bonded to the linker (8) employed in the synthesis of the very successful and structurally related anticancer drug Adcetris (3). Owing to these structural modifications, a next step could be taken by bonding to a monoclonal antibody, thereby producing an antibody drug conjugate (ADC) related to Adcetris structurally but with the possibility of a wider spectrum of activity and utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- George R Pettit
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University , P.O. Box 871604, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Noeleen Melody
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University , P.O. Box 871604, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Jean-Charles Chapuis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University , P.O. Box 871604, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
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Chen C, Qu QX, Xie F, Zhu WD, Zhu YH, Huang JA. Analysis of B7-H4 expression in metastatic pleural adenocarcinoma and therapeutic potential of its antagonists. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:652. [PMID: 28923053 PMCID: PMC5604341 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3615-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The increasing incidence and poor outcome associated with malignant pleural effusion (MPE) requires finding an effective treatment for this disease. Inhibitory B7-H4 is expressed in many different human cancers but its role in malignant pleural tissue has yet to be established. Methods Here, patients with metastatic pleural adenocarcinoma (MPA) or with early-stage lung adenocarcinoma were clinically and statistically analyzed. Immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy were used to determinate the expression of B7-H4 in the cancer cells. By using MPE model, we sought to a potential immunotherapy for MPE with anti-B7-H4 mAb. Results When compared to early-stage lung adenocarcinoma, MPA possessed higher level of nuclei membranous B7-H4 and lower cytoplasmic B7-H4 expression. Also, nuclei membranous B7-H4 expression was found to be positively correlated to Ki-67 expression, and indicated a possible poor prognosis of MPA. In mouse MPE model, intra-pleurally injection of anti-B7-H4 mAb effectively suppressed MPE formation. Conclusions Taken together, our data was in support of the significance of B7-H4 expression in MPA, which also suggest it warrants further exploration for potential immunotherapy of MPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- Respiratory Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Qiu-Xia Qu
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 788 Renmin Road, Suzhou, 215007, China
| | - Fang Xie
- Pathology Division, Soochow University, 1 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Wei-Dong Zhu
- Pathology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Ye-Han Zhu
- Respiratory Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - Jian-An Huang
- Respiratory Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China.
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B7-H4 overexpression is essential for early hepatocellular carcinoma progression and recurrence. Oncotarget 2017; 8:80878-80888. [PMID: 29113351 PMCID: PMC5655246 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
B7-H4, another member of costimulatory molecule, has been shown to be overexpressed in multiple types of tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the specific biological role of B7-H4 in HCC still needs to be further explored. In this study, we observed that B7-H4 was highly overexpressed in HCC tissues and cells, and its overexpression strongly correlated with patient's TNM stage, overall survival and early recurrence. Downregulation of B7-H4 significantly suppressed cell growth, invasion, and stemness of HCC by inducing apoptosis in the in vitro experiment. In addition, depletion of B7-H4 could help restore CD8+ T anti-tumor immunity by elevating the expression and secretion levels of CD107a, granzyme A, granzyme B, perforin and IFN-γ. In a xenografted mouse model of HCC, stable depletion of B7-H4 resulted in significantly smaller mean tumor volume and less mean tumor weight after 30 days of growth, compared to the control group. Together, our results provide insights into the diverse functions of B7-H4 involved in the pathogenesis, recurrence and anti-tumor immunity of HCC, indicating B7-H4 as a novel and effective approach for future treatment strategies that benefits anticancer therapy.
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36
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Clinical significance of the B7-H4 as a novel prognostic marker in breast cancer. Gene 2017; 623:24-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Abstract
Observations noting the presence of white blood cell infiltrates within tumors date back more than a century, however the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating tumor immunity continue to be elucidated. The recent successful use of monoclonal antibodies to block immune regulatory pathways to enhance tumor-specific immune responses for the treatment of cancer has encouraged the identification of additional immune regulatory receptor/ligand pathways. Over the past several years, a growing body of data has identified B7-H4 (VTCN1/B7x/B7S1) as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer. The potential clinical significance of B7-H4 is supported by the high levels of B7-H4 expression found in numerous tumor tissues and correlation of the level of expression on tumor cells with adverse clinical and pathologic features, including tumor aggressiveness. The biological activity of B7-H4 has been associated with decreased inflammatory CD4+ T-cell responses and a correlation between B7-H4-expressing tumor-associated macrophages and FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) within the tumor microenvironment. Since B7-H4 is expressed on tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages in various cancer types, therapeutic blockade of B7-H4 could favorably alter the tumor microenvironment allowing for antigen-specific clearance tumor cells. The present review highlights the therapeutic potential of targeting B7-H4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Podojil
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stephen D Miller
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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38
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Altan M, Pelekanou V, Schalper KA, Toki M, Gaule P, Syrigos K, Herbst RS, Rimm DL. B7-H3 Expression in NSCLC and Its Association with B7-H4, PD-L1 and Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:5202-5209. [PMID: 28539467 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-3107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The immune checkpoint PD-1 and its receptor B7-H1 (PD-L1) are successful therapeutic targets in cancer but less is known about other B7 family members. Here, we determined the expression level of B7-H3 protein in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and evaluated its association with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), PD-L1, B7-H4, and major clinicopathologic characteristics is in 3 NSCLC cohorts.Experimental design: We used multiplexed automated quantitative immunofluorescence (QIF) to assess the levels of B7-H3, PD-L1, B7-H4, and TILs in 634 NSCLC cases with validated antibodies. Associations between the marker levels, major clinicopathologic variables and survival were analyzed.Results: Expression of B7-H3 protein was found in 80.4% (510/634) of the cases. High B7-H3 protein level (top 10 percentile) was associated with poor overall survival (P < 0.05). Elevated B7-H3 was consistently associated with smoking history across the 3 cohorts, but not with sex, age, clinical stage, and histology. Coexpression of B7-H3 and PD-L1 was found in 17.6% of the cases (112/634) and with B7-H4 in 10% (63/634). B7-H4 and PD-L1 were simultaneously detected only in 1.8% of NSCLCs (12/634). The expression of B7-H3 was not associated with the levels of CD3-, CD8-, and CD20-positive TILs.Conclusions: B7-H3 protein is expressed in the majority of NSCLCs and is associated with smoking history. High levels of B7-H3 protein have a negative prognostic impact in lung carcinomas. Coexpression of B7-H3 with PD-L1 and B7-H4 is relatively low, suggesting a nonredundant biological role of these targets. Clin Cancer Res; 23(17); 5202-9. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Altan
- Section of Medical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Vasiliki Pelekanou
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kurt A Schalper
- Section of Medical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Maria Toki
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Patricia Gaule
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Konstantinos Syrigos
- Third Department of Medicine, University of Athens, School of Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Roy S Herbst
- Section of Medical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - David L Rimm
- Section of Medical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut. .,Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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MacGregor HL, Ohashi PS. Molecular Pathways: Evaluating the Potential for B7-H4 as an Immunoregulatory Target. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:2934-2941. [PMID: 28325750 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
With the clinical success of CTLA-4 and PD-1 blockade in treating malignancies, there is tremendous interest in finding new ways to augment antitumor responses by targeting other inhibitory molecules. In this review, we describe one such molecule. B7-H4, a member of the B7 family of immunoregulatory proteins, inhibits T cell proliferation and cytokine production through ligation of an unknown receptor expressed by activated T cells. Notably, B7-H4 protein expression is observed in a high proportion of patients' tumors across a wide variety of malignancies. This high expression by tumors in combination with its low or absent protein expression in normal tissues makes B7-H4 an attractive immunotherapeutic target. Preclinical investigation into B7-H4-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, antibody-mediated blockade of B7-H4, and anti-B7-H4 drug conjugates has shown antitumor efficacy in mouse models. The first clinical trials have been completed to assess the safety and efficacy of a B7-H4 fusion protein in ameliorating rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Cancer Res; 23(12); 2934-41. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L MacGregor
- Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pamela S Ohashi
- Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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An anti-CD3/anti-CLL-1 bispecific antibody for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 2016; 129:609-618. [PMID: 27908880 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-08-735365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a major unmet medical need. Most patients have poor long-term survival, and treatment has not significantly changed in 40 years. Recently, bispecific antibodies that redirect the cytotoxic activity of effector T cells by binding to CD3, the signaling component of the T-cell receptor, and a tumor target have shown clinical activity. Notably, blinatumomab is approved to treat relapsed/refractory acute lymphoid leukemia. Here we describe the design, discovery, pharmacologic activity, pharmacokinetics, and safety of a CD3 T cell-dependent bispecific (TDB) full-length human IgG1 therapeutic antibody targeting CLL-1 that could potentially be used in humans to treat AML. CLL-1 is prevalent in AML and, unlike other targets such as CD33 and CD123, is not expressed on hematopoietic stem cells providing potential hematopoietic recovery. We selected a high-affinity monkey cross-reactive anti-CLL-1 arm and tested several anti-CD3 arms that varied in affinity, and determined that the high-affinity CD3 arms were up to 100-fold more potent in vitro. However, in mouse models, the efficacy differences were less pronounced, probably because of prolonged exposure to TDB found with lower-affinity CD3 TDBs. In monkeys, assessment of safety and target cell depletion by the high- and low-affinity TDBs revealed that only the low-affinity CD3/CLL1 TDB was well tolerated and able to deplete target cells. Our data suggest that an appropriately engineered CLL-1 TDB could be effective in the treatment of AML.
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Wang L, Heng X, Lu Y, Cai Z, Yi Q, Che F. Could B7-H4 serve as a target to activate anti-cancer immunity? Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 38:97-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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42
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Distinguishing normal cells from cancer cells via lysosome-targetable pH biomarkers with benzo[a]phenoxazine skeleton. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 933:175-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Smith JB, Lanitis E, Dangaj D, Buza E, Poussin M, Stashwick C, Scholler N, Powell DJ. Tumor Regression and Delayed Onset Toxicity Following B7-H4 CAR T Cell Therapy. Mol Ther 2016; 24:1987-1999. [PMID: 27439899 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2016.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
B7-H4 protein is frequently overexpressed in ovarian cancer. Here, we engineered T cells with novel B7-H4-specific chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) that recognized both human and murine B7-H4 to test the hypothesis that B7-H4 CAR T cell therapy can be applied safely in preclinical models. B7-H4 CAR T cells specifically secreted IFN-γ and lysed B7-H4(+) targets. In vivo, B7-H4 CAR T cells displayed antitumor reactivity against B7-H4(+) human ovarian tumor xenografts. Unexpectedly, B7-H4 CAR T cell treatment reproducibly showed delayed, lethal toxicity 6-8 weeks after therapy. Comprehensive assessment of murine B7-H4 protein distribution uncovered expression in ductal and mucosal epithelial cells in normal tissues. Postmortem analysis revealed the presence of widespread histologic lesions that correlated with B7-H4(+) expression, and were inconsistent with graft versus host disease. Lastly, expression patterns of B7-H4 protein in normal human tissue were comparable to distribution in mice, advancing our understanding of B7-H4. We conclude that B7-H4 CAR therapy mediates control of cancer outgrowth. However, long-term engraftment of B7-H4 CAR T cells mediates lethal, off-tumor toxicity that is likely due to wide expression of B7-H4 in healthy mouse organs. This model system provides a unique opportunity for preclinical evaluation of safety approaches that limit CAR-mediated toxicity after tumor destruction in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenessa B Smith
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Evripidis Lanitis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Denarda Dangaj
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elizabeth Buza
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mathilde Poussin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Caitlin Stashwick
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Lancaster General Health, Penn Medicine, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nathalie Scholler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; SRI Biosciences, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - Daniel J Powell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Schalper KA, Carvajal-Hausdorf D, McLaughlin J, Altan M, Velcheti V, Gaule P, Sanmamed MF, Chen L, Herbst RS, Rimm DL. Differential Expression and Significance of PD-L1, IDO-1, and B7-H4 in Human Lung Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:370-378. [PMID: 27440266 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the expression level, associations, and biological role of PD-L1, IDO-1, and B7-H4 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Using multiplexed quantitative immunofluorescence (QIF), we measured the levels of PD-L1, IDO-1, B7-H4, and different tumor-infiltrating lymphoycte (TIL) subsets in 552 stages I-IV lung carcinomas from two independent populations. Associations between the marker levels, TILs, and major clinicopathologic variables were determined. Validation of findings was performed using mRNA expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and in vitro stimulation of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells with IFNγ and IL10. RESULTS PD-L1 was detected in 16.9% and 21.8% of cases in each population. IDO-1 was expressed in 42.6% and 49.8%; and B7-H4 in 12.8% and 22.6% of cases, respectively. Elevated PD-L1 and IDO-1 were consistently associated with prominent B- and T-cell infiltrates, but B7-H4 was not. Coexpression of the three protein markers was infrequent, and comparable results were seen in the lung cancer TCGA dataset. Levels of PD-L1 and IDO-1 (but not B7-H4) were increased by IFNγ stimulation in A549 cells. Treatment with IL10 upregulated B7-H4 but did not affect PD-L1 and IDO-1 levels. CONCLUSIONS PD-L1, IDO-1, and B7-H4 are differentially expressed in human lung carcinomas and show limited co-expression. While PD-L1 and IDO-1 are associated with increased TILs and IFNγ stimulation, B7-H4 is not. The preferential expression of discrete immune evasion pathways in lung cancer could participate in therapeutic resistance and support design of optimal clinical trials. Clin Cancer Res; 23(2); 370-8. ©2016 AACR.
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MESH Headings
- A549 Cells
- Aged
- B7-H1 Antigen/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Disease-Free Survival
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/genetics
- Interferon-gamma/pharmacology
- Interleukin-10/pharmacology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/pathology
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Staging
- RNA, Messenger/drug effects
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- V-Set Domain-Containing T-Cell Activation Inhibitor 1/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt A Schalper
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
- Medical Oncology Section, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Translational Immuno-oncology Laboratory, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Joseph McLaughlin
- Medical Oncology Section, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Mehmet Altan
- Medical Oncology Section, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Patricia Gaule
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Lieping Chen
- Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Roy S Herbst
- Medical Oncology Section, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - David L Rimm
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Medical Oncology Section, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Abstract
Metastasis is the underlying cause of death for the majority of breast cancer patients. Despite significant advances in recent years in basic research and clinical development, therapies that specifically target metastatic breast cancer remain inadequate, and represents the single greatest obstacle to reducing mortality of late-stage breast cancer. Recent efforts have leveraged genomic analysis of breast cancer and molecular dissection of tumor-stromal cross-talk to uncover a number of promising candidates for targeted treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Rational combinations of therapeutic agents targeting tumor-intrinsic properties and microenvironmental components provide a promising strategy to develop precision treatments with higher specificity and less toxicity. In this review, we discuss the emerging therapeutic targets in breast cancer metastasis, from tumor-intrinsic pathways to those that involve the host tissue components, including the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, United States
| | - Yibin Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, United States.
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Abstract
As calculated by the meta-analysis of Korn et al., the prognosis of metastatic melanoma in the pretarget and immunological therapy era was poor, with a median survival of 6.2 and a 1-year life expectancy of 25.5%. Nowadays, significant advances in melanoma treatment have been gained, and immunotherapy is one of the promising approaches to get to durable responses and survival improvement. The aim of the present review is to highlight the recent innovations in melanoma immunotherapy and to propose a critical perspective of the future directions of this enthralling oncology subspecialty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Valpione
- Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, 550 Wilmslow Rd, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Luca G Campana
- Department of Surgery, Oncology & Gastroenterology, University of Padova, via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padova, Italy
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