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Yi Y. Functional crosstalk between non-canonical caspase-11 and canonical NLRP3 inflammasomes during infection-mediated inflammation. Immunology 2020; 159:142-155. [PMID: 31630388 PMCID: PMC6954705 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a part of the body's immune response for protection against pathogenic infections and other cellular damages; however, chronic inflammation is a major cause of various diseases. One key step in the inflammatory response is the activation of inflammasomes, intracellular protein complexes comprising pattern recognition receptors and other inflammatory molecules. The role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in inflammatory responses has been extensively investigated; however, the caspase-11 inflammasome has been recently identified and has been classified as a 'non-canonical' inflammasome, and emerging studies have highlighted its role in inflammatory responses. Because the ligands and the mechanisms for the activation of these two inflammasomes are different, studies to date have separately described their roles, although recent studies have reported the functional cooperation between these two inflammasomes during an inflammatory response. This review discusses the studies investigating the functional crosstalk between non-canonical caspase-11 and canonical NLRP3 inflammasomes in the context of inflammatory responses; moreover, it provides insight for the development of novel anti-inflammatory therapeutics to prevent and treat infectious and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young‐Su Yi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical EngineeringCheongju UniversityCheongjuKorea
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2
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Jin J, Ji M, Fu R, Wang M, Xue N, Xiao Q, Hu J, Wang X, Lai F, Yin D, Chen X. Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor Subtype 1 (S1P1) Modulator IMMH001 Regulates Adjuvant- and Collagen-Induced Arthritis. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1085. [PMID: 31607926 PMCID: PMC6761374 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor subtype 1 (S1P1) is essential for lymphocyte egress from lymphoid organs into systemic circulation and provides a well-defined drug target for autoimmune disorders. IMMH001, also called SYL930, is a specific S1P1/S1P4/S1P5 modulator. Here, we investigated the potential therapeutic effect of IMMH001 on rheumatoid arthritis (RA). IMMH001 rendered periphery blood lymphocytes insensitive to the egress signal from secondary lymphoid organs. Importantly, in both rat adjuvant-induced arthritis and collagen-induced arthritis models, IMMH001 treatment significantly inhibited the progression of RA and RA-associated histological changes in the joints of Sprague-Dawley rats, including hind paw swelling and arthritic index, and thus reduced the pathological score. Furthermore, IMMH001 markedly decreased proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine release from the damaged joints. These data demonstrated that IMMH001 is a promising drug candidate for RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mingjin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Nina Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jingpin Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fangfang Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dali Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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3
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Yi YS. Regulatory Roles of the Caspase-11 Non-Canonical Inflammasome in Inflammatory Diseases. Immune Netw 2018; 18:e41. [PMID: 30619627 PMCID: PMC6312891 DOI: 10.4110/in.2018.18.e41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an immune response mediated by innate immune cells of tissues, against invading microbes and cellular stress. The hallmark of inflammatory responses is the activation of inflammasomes — multiprotein oligomers comprising intracellular pattern recognition receptors and inflammatory effectors — such as ASC and pro-cysteine-aspartic protease (pro-caspase)-1. Inflammasomes can be classified as canonical or non-canonical, and their activation in response to various ligands commonly induces caspase-1 activation and gasdermin D (GSDMD) processing, leading to caspase-1-mediated maturation and secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, and GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis through pore generation in cell membranes. Although inflammation protects the host from harmful stimuli, chronic inflammation is a critical risk factor for inflammatory diseases, and several studies have investigated the role of canonical inflammasomes in inflammatory responses and diseases, with emerging studies focusing on the role of non-canonical inflammasomes. This review discusses recent studies on the regulatory roles of the caspase-11 non-canonical inflammasome in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. Additionally, it provides an insight into the development of novel therapeutics based on targeting caspase-11 non-canonical inflammasome and its downstream effectors to prevent and treat human inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Su Yi
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Engineering, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28503, Korea
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Yi YS. Ameliorative effects of ginseng and ginsenosides on rheumatic diseases. J Ginseng Res 2018; 43:335-341. [PMID: 31308803 PMCID: PMC6606827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation is a host-defensive innate immune response to protect the body from pathogenic agents and danger signals induced by cellular changes. Although inflammation is a host-defense mechanism, chronic inflammation is considered a major risk factor for the development of a variety of inflammatory autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatic diseases. Rheumatic diseases are systemic inflammatory and degenerative diseases that primarily affect connective tissues and are characterized by severe chronic inflammation and degeneration of connective tissues. Ginseng and its bioactive ingredients, genocides, have been demonstrated to have antiinflammatory activity and pharmacological effects on various rheumatic diseases by inhibiting the expression and production of inflammatory mediators. Methods Literature in this review was searched in a PubMed site of National Center for Biotechnology Information. Results The studies reporting the preventive and therapeutic effects of ginseng and ginsenosides on the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases were discussed and summarized. Conclusion Ginseng and ginsenosides play an ameliorative role on rheumatic diseases, and this review provides new insights into ginseng and ginsenosides as promising agents to prevent and treat rheumatic diseases.
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Key Words
- ACAN, Aggrecan
- ACLT, Anterior cruciate ligament transection
- BMP, Bone morphogenetic protein
- CIA, Collagen-induced arthritic
- CK, Compound K
- COL, Collagen
- DAMP, Danger-associated molecular pattern
- Ginseng
- Ginsenosides
- Inflammation
- LTMMR, Ligament transection and medial meniscus resection
- Macrophages
- OA, Osteoarthritis
- PAMP, Pathogen-associated molecular pattern
- PPD, Protopanaxadiol
- PPT, Protopanaxatriol
- PRR, Pattern-recognition receptor
- RA, Rheumatoid arthritis
- RNAKL, Receptor activator of NF-κB ligand
- Rheumatic diseases
- SLE, Systemic lupus erythematosus
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Su Yi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Cheongju University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
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Yi YS. Role of inflammasomes in inflammatory autoimmune rheumatic diseases. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 22:1-15. [PMID: 29302207 PMCID: PMC5746506 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2018.22.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are intracellular multiprotein complexes that coordinate anti-pathogenic host defense during inflammatory responses in myeloid cells, especially macrophages. Inflammasome activation leads to activation of caspase-1, resulting in the induction of pyroptosis and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. Although the inflammatory response is an innate host defense mechanism, chronic inflammation is the main cause of rheumatic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Since rheumatic diseases are inflammatory/autoimmune disorders, it is reasonable to hypothesize that inflammasomes activated during the inflammatory response play a pivotal role in development and progression of these diseases. Indeed, previous studies have provided important observations that inflammasomes are actively involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory/autoimmune rheumatic diseases. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on several types of inflammasomes during macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses and discuss recent research regarding the role of inflammasomes in the pathogenesis of inflammatory/autoimmune rheumatic diseases. This avenue of research could provide new insights for the development of promising therapeutics to treat inflammatory/autoimmune rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Su Yi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28503, Korea
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Poh S, Chelvam V, Kelderhouse LE, Ayala-López W, Vaitilingam B, Putt KS, Low PS. Folate-conjugated liposomes target and deliver therapeutics to immune cells in a rat model of rheumatoid arthritis. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 12:2441-2451. [PMID: 28972462 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM We endeavored to create a folate-targeted liposome (Fol-liposome) that could selectively target areas of inflammation. MATERIALS & METHODS Fol-liposomes were prepared with encapsulated DiD fluorophore or betamethasone (BM) to image and treat an adjuvant-induced rat model of rheumatoid arthritis. RESULTS Fol-liposomes selectively accumulated in arthritic rat paws to a greater extent than nontargeted liposomes. When these Fol-liposomes were used to encapsulate BM and administered to arthritic rats, animals exhibited less paw swelling, lower arthritis scores, a reduction in bone erosion, less splenomegaly and better maintenance of body weight when compared with nontreated or nontargeted BM-containing liposome groups. CONCLUSION Fol-liposomes can selectively deliver imaging and therapeutic agents to sites of inflammation in a rat model of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Poh
- College of Engineering & Science, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71272, USA
| | - Venkatesh Chelvam
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Biosciences & Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, 453 552 Madhya Pradesh, India
| | | | | | | | - Karson S Putt
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Philip S Low
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.,Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Madduri Srinivasarao
- Purdue Institute for Drug
Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Philip S. Low
- Purdue Institute for Drug
Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Abstract
Folate-targeted immunotherapy constitutes a powerful method for the treatment of established arthritis in multiple animal models of the disease. The therapy involves immunization of the animal against a hapten to induce anti-hapten antibodies, followed by injection with a folate-hapten conjugate to decorate the surface of folate receptor-positive (activated) macrophages with the antigenic hapten. The hapten-marked macrophages are then recognized by the anti-hapten antibodies and eliminated by immune mechanisms, leading to attenuation of disease symptoms. In the following paper, we optimize the therapy for elimination of inflammatory macrophages and suppression of rheumatoid arthritis symptoms. We also demonstrate a tight correlation between folate receptor-positive macrophage abundance in the liver and inflammation of affected joints. The results suggest that therapies that reduce folate receptor-positive macrophage populations in the body should constitute effective treatments for rheumatoid arthritis.
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Yi YS. Folate Receptor-Targeted Diagnostics and Therapeutics for Inflammatory Diseases. Immune Netw 2016; 16:337-343. [PMID: 28035209 PMCID: PMC5195843 DOI: 10.4110/in.2016.16.6.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation, an innate immune response mediated by macrophages, forms the first line of defence to protect our body from the invasion of various pathogens. Although inflammation is a defensive response, chronic inflammation has been regarded as the major cause of many types of human diseases such as inflammatory/autoimmune diseases, cancers, neurological diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. Folate receptor (FR) is a cell surface glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored glycoprotein, and its three isoforms, FR-α, FR-β, and FR-γ, are found in humans. Interestingly, FRs are highly expressed on a variety of cells, including cancer cells and activated macrophages, whereas their expression on normal cells is undetectable, indicating that FR-targeting could be a good selective strategy for the diagnosis and therapeutic treatment of cancers and activated macrophage-mediated inflammatory diseases. Previous studies successfully showed FR-targeted imaging of many types of cancers in animal models as well as human patients. Recently, a number of emerging studies have found that activated macrophages, which are critical players for a variety of inflammatory diseases, highly express FRs, and selective targeting of these FR-positive activated macrophages is a good approach to diagnose and treat inflammatory diseases. In this review, we describe the characteristics and structure of FRs, and further discuss FR-targeted diagnostics and therapeutics of human diseases, in particular, activated macrophage-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Su Yi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28503, Korea
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10
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Direct in vivo evidence of activated macrophages in human osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2016; 24:1613-21. [PMID: 27084348 PMCID: PMC4992586 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Through binding to folate receptor-β (FR-β), the new (99m)Tc-EC20 (Etarfolatide) imaging technique detects activated but not resting macrophages in vivo. The goal of this study was to investigate macrophage-related inflammation in osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS Twenty-five individuals (50 knees) with symptomatic OA of at least one knee underwent SPECT-CT imaging of both knees and planar imaging of the whole body after injection of Etarfolatide. Scans and knee radiographs were scored blinded to clinical information including knee and other joint site pain severity. Measures of association controlled for age, gender, body mass index (BMI) and employed repeated measures to adjust for correlation between knees. DESIGN Activated macrophages were present in the majority (76%) of knees. The quantity of knee-related macrophages was significantly associated with knee pain severity (R = 0.60, P < 0.0001) and radiographic knee OA severity including joint space narrowing (R = 0.68, P = 0.007), and osteophyte (R = 0.66, P = 0.001). Macrophages were also localized to joints commonly affected by OA including hand finger joints (12%), thumb bases (28%), shoulders (26%), great toes (18%) and ankles (12%). The presence of joint pain at fingers, wrists, ankles and great toes was significantly positively associated with presence of activated macrophages at these sites (P < 0.0001-0.04). CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first direct in vivo evidence for macrophage involvement in OA in a substantial proportion of human knees. The association of quantity of activated macrophages with radiographic knee OA severity and joint symptoms suggests that drugs targeting macrophages and macrophage-associated inflammatory pathways may have the potential to be both symptom and structure modifying.
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Folate-targeted nanoparticles for rheumatoid arthritis therapy. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 12:1113-1126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.12.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Lu Y, Parker N, Kleindl PJ, Cross VA, Wollak K, Westrick E, Stinnette TW, Gehrke MA, Wang K, Santhapuram HKR, You F, Hahn SJ, Vaughn JF, Klein PJ, Vlahov IR, Low PS, Leamon CP. Antiinflammatory Activity of a Novel Folic Acid Targeted Conjugate of the mTOR Inhibitor Everolimus. Mol Med 2015; 21:584-96. [PMID: 26181632 PMCID: PMC4656201 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2015.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Folate receptor (FR)-β has been identified as a promising target for antimacrophage and antiinflammatory therapies. In the present study, we investigated EC0565, a folic acid-derivative of everolimus, as a FR-specific inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Because of its amphiphilic nature, EC0565 was first evaluated for water solubility, critical micelle formation, stability in culture and FR-binding specificity. Using FR-expressing macrophages, the effect of EC0565 on mTOR signaling and cellular proliferation was studied. The pharmacokinetics, metabolism and bioavailability of EC0565 were studied in normal rats. The in vivo activity of EC0565 was assessed in rats with adjuvant arthritis, a "macrophage-rich" model with close resemblance to rheumatoid arthritis. EC0565 forms micellar aggregates in physiological buffers and demonstrates good water solubility as well as strong multivalent FR-binding capacity. EC0565 inhibited mTOR signaling in rat macrophages at nanomolar concentrations and induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in serum-starved RAW264.7 cells. Subcutaneously administered EC0565 in rats displayed good bioavailability and a relatively long half-life (~12 h). When given at 250 nmol/kg, EC0565 selectively inhibited proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in thioglycollate-stimulated rat peritoneal cells. With limited dosing regimens, the antiarthritic activity of EC0565 was found superior to that of etanercept, everolimus and a nontargeted everolimus analog. The in vivo activity of EC0565 was also comparable to that of a folate-targeted aminopterin. Folate-targeted mTOR inhibition may be an effective way of suppressing activated macrophages in sites of inflammation, especially in nutrient-deprived conditions, such as in the arthritic joints. Further investigation and improvement upon the physical and biochemical properties of EC0565 are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjuan Lu
- Endocyte, Inc., West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Nikki Parker
- Endocyte, Inc., West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Paul J Kleindl
- Endocyte, Inc., West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Vicky A Cross
- Endocyte, Inc., West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Kristin Wollak
- Endocyte, Inc., West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Elaine Westrick
- Endocyte, Inc., West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | | | - Mark A Gehrke
- Endocyte, Inc., West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Kevin Wang
- Endocyte, Inc., West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | | | - Fei You
- Endocyte, Inc., West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Spencer J Hahn
- Endocyte, Inc., West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Jeremy F Vaughn
- Endocyte, Inc., West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Patrick J Klein
- Endocyte, Inc., West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Iontcho R Vlahov
- Endocyte, Inc., West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Philip S Low
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
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Consoli GML, Granata G, Fragassi G, Grossi M, Sallese M, Geraci C. Design and synthesis of a multivalent fluorescent folate–calix[4]arene conjugate: cancer cell penetration and intracellular localization. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:3298-307. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02333a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent multivalent folate–calix[4]arene–NBD selectively penetrates cancer cellsviafolate receptor-mediated endocytosis and localizes in endo-lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giorgia Fragassi
- Unit of Genomic Approaches to Membrane Traffic
- Fondazione Mario Negri Sud
- S. Maria Imbaro (CH)
- Italy
| | - Mauro Grossi
- Unit of Genomic Approaches to Membrane Traffic
- Fondazione Mario Negri Sud
- S. Maria Imbaro (CH)
- Italy
| | - Michele Sallese
- Unit of Genomic Approaches to Membrane Traffic
- Fondazione Mario Negri Sud
- S. Maria Imbaro (CH)
- Italy
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14
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Li H, Nagai T, Hasui K, Matsuyama T. Depletion of folate receptor β-expressing macrophages alleviates bleomycin-induced experimental skin fibrosis. Mod Rheumatol 2014; 24:816-22. [PMID: 24498991 DOI: 10.3109/14397595.2013.879415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Folate receptor β (FRβ)-expressing macrophages have been identified as activated macrophages. Here, we investigated the infiltration of FRβ-expressing macrophages in a murine model of bleomycin (BLM)-induced skin fibrosis and assessed the antifibrotic effects of depletion of FRβ-expressing macrophages in this model using a recombinant immunotoxin to FRβ. METHODS A recombinant immunotoxin (anti-FRβ-PE38) was prepared by conjugating the Fv portion of the anti-mouse FRβ heavy chain with truncated Pseudomonas exotoxin A (VH-PE38) and the Fv portion of the anti-mouse FRβ light chain. BLM-induced skin fibrosis mice were intravenously treated with either anti-FRβ-PE38 or VH-PE38 as a control protein. Skin fibrosis was evaluated by the change of skin thickness and hydroxyproline content on Day 29. The TGFβ1 mRNA levels in the treated skin were assessed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR on Day 9. RESULTS Numbers of FRβ-expressing macrophages increased in BLM-injected skin. Anti-FRβ-PE38 treatment led to a dramatic reduction in the number of FRβ-expressing macrophages. Additionally, skin thickness and hydroxyproline content, were markedly reduced. TGFβ1 mRNA levels were also down-regulated after the treatment. TGFβ1 expression was enriched in FRβ-expressing macrophages compared with FRβ-negative macrophages. CONCLUSION These results indicated that anti-FRβ-PE38 treatment efficiently depleted FRβ-expressing macrophages and consequently alleviated BLM-induced skin fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University , Kagoshima , Japan
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Functional roles of Syk in macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:270302. [PMID: 25045209 PMCID: PMC4090447 DOI: 10.1155/2014/270302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a series of complex biological responses to protect the host from pathogen invasion. Chronic inflammation is considered a major cause of diseases, such as various types of inflammatory/autoimmune diseases and cancers. Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) was initially found to be highly expressed in hematopoietic cells and has been known to play crucial roles in adaptive immune responses. However, recent studies have reported that Syk is also involved in other biological functions, especially in innate immune responses. Although Syk has been extensively studied in adaptive immune responses, numerous studies have recently presented evidence that Syk has critical functions in macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses and is closely related to innate immune response. This review describes the characteristics of Syk-mediated signaling pathways, summarizes the recent findings supporting the crucial roles of Syk in macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses and diseases, and discusses Syk-targeted drug development for the therapy of inflammatory diseases.
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Kularatne SA, Bélanger MJ, Meng X, Connolly BM, Vanko A, Suresch DL, Guenther I, Wang S, Low PS, McQuade P, Trotter DG. Comparative Analysis of Folate Derived PET Imaging Agents with [18F]-2-Fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose Using a Rodent Inflammatory Paw Model. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:3103-11. [PMID: 23819524 DOI: 10.1021/mp4001684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumith A. Kularatne
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette,
Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Marie-José Bélanger
- Imaging Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Xiangjun Meng
- Imaging Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Brett M. Connolly
- Imaging Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Amy Vanko
- Imaging Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Donna L. Suresch
- Imaging Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Ilonka Guenther
- Imaging Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Shubing Wang
- Biometrics Research Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Philip S. Low
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette,
Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Paul McQuade
- Imaging Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Dinko González Trotter
- Imaging Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
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Müller C. Folate-based radiotracers for PET imaging--update and perspectives. Molecules 2013; 18:5005-31. [PMID: 23629756 PMCID: PMC6269920 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18055005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The folate receptor (FR) is expressed in many tumor types, among those ovarian and lung cancer. Due to the high FR affinity of folic acid, it has been used for targeting of FR-positive tumors, allowing specific delivery of attached probes to the malignant tissue. Therefore, nuclear imaging of FR-positive cancer is of clinical interest for selecting patients who could benefit from innovative therapy concepts based on FR-targeting. Positron emission computed tomography (PET) has become an established technique in clinical routine because it provides an increased spatial resolution and higher sensitivity compared to single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Therefore, it is of critical importance to develop folate radiotracers suitable for PET imaging. This review article updates on the design, preparation and pre-clinical investigation of folate derivatives for radiolabeling with radioisotopes for PET. Among those the most relevant radionuclides so far are fluorine-18 (t1/2: 110 min, Eavβ+: 250 keV) and gallium-68 (t1/2: 68 min, Eav β+: 830 keV). Recent results obtained with new PET isotopes such as terbium-152 (t1/2: 17.5 h, Eβ+: 470 keV) or scandium-44 (t1/2: 3.97 h, Eav β+: 632 keV) are also presented and discussed. Current endeavors for clinical implementation of PET agents open new perspectives for identification of FR-positive malignancies in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Müller
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI 5232, Switzerland.
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Henne WA, Rothenbuhler R, Ayala-Lopez W, Xia W, Varghese B, Low PS. Imaging Sites of Infection Using a 99mTc-Labeled Folate Conjugate Targeted to Folate Receptor Positive Macrophages. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:1435-40. [PMID: 22468849 DOI: 10.1021/mp3000138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Walter A. Henne
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette,
Indiana 47907, United
States
- Division of Science, Governors State University, University Park, Illinois
60484, United States
| | - Ryan Rothenbuhler
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette,
Indiana 47907, United
States
| | - Wilfredo Ayala-Lopez
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette,
Indiana 47907, United
States
| | - Wei Xia
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette,
Indiana 47907, United
States
| | - Bindu Varghese
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette,
Indiana 47907, United
States
| | - Philip S. Low
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette,
Indiana 47907, United
States
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Fischer CR, Müller C, Reber J, Müller A, Krämer SD, Ametamey SM, Schibli R. [18F]Fluoro-Deoxy-Glucose Folate: A Novel PET Radiotracer with Improved in Vivo Properties for Folate Receptor Targeting. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:805-13. [DOI: 10.1021/bc200660z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cindy R. Fischer
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical
Sciences of ETH, PSI and USZ, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Müller
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical
Sciences of ETH, PSI and USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Josefine Reber
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical
Sciences of ETH, PSI and USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Adrienne Müller
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical
Sciences of ETH, PSI and USZ, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie D. Krämer
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical
Sciences of ETH, PSI and USZ, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon M. Ametamey
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical
Sciences of ETH, PSI and USZ, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Schibli
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical
Sciences of ETH, PSI and USZ, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical
Sciences of ETH, PSI and USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
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21
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Synthesis and activity of folate conjugated didemnin B for potential treatment of inflammatory diseases. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:709-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Zhou J, Tsai YT, Weng H, Baker DW, Tang L. Real time monitoring of biomaterial-mediated inflammatory responses via macrophage-targeting NIR nanoprobes. Biomaterials 2011; 32:9383-90. [PMID: 21893338 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Medical implant-mediated inflammatory responses, often involving high levels of macrophages, are typically determined by histological analyses. These methods however are time consuming and require many animals to monitor the kinetics of inflammatory reactions and to generate reproducible outcomes. Recent studies have shown that activated macrophages in inflamed tissue express high levels of folate receptor (FR). In this study, FR-targeting NIR nanoprobes were fabricated and then tested for their ability to detect and quantify the extent of biomaterial-mediated inflammatory responses in vivo. Indeed, FR-targeting nanoprobes preferentially accumulate on activated macrophage surfaces. When administered intravenously, we found that the FR-targeting nanoprobes distinctively gathered in the inflamed tissues and that a different extent of FR-targeting nanoprobe gathering could be found in tissues implanted with different types of biomaterials. Most importantly, we found that there was a good relationship between the extent of inflammatory reactions and the intensity of nanoprobe-associated NIR signal in tissue. Our results support that FR-targeting NIR nanoprobes can be used to monitor and quantify the extent of macrophage recruitment and the degree of an implants' biocompatibility in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
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Modulation of immune and inflammatory responses on experimental arthritis following intraarticular gene transfer of tumor necrosis factor receptor-immunoglobulin Fc. Rheumatol Int 2011; 32:2605-14. [PMID: 21833532 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-011-1974-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 05/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In spite of popularity of TNF-α antagonist in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), their modes of action are not fully understood. In the present study, we further explore the effects of gene transfer route of a TNF-α antagonist on arthritis. Recombinant adeno-associated virus 2 (rAAV2) encoding rat TNF receptor-immunoglobulin Fc (ratTNFR:Fc) fusion gene was injected intraarticularly in rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). As revealed by examination of the clinical, radiographical, and histological aspects, local gene transfer of rAAV2/ratTNFR:Fc ameliorated the arthritis symptoms and inhibited the development of CIA. Compared with the vector control group, expressions of TNF-α, IL-1, and IFN-γ were down-regulated, and IL-10 release was up-regulated in the rAAV2/ratTNFR:Fc-treated group. Furthermore, administration of rAAV2/ratTNFR:Fc ameliorated the enlargement of spleen and significantly reduced spleen cell proliferation. Low level of nitric oxide (NO) in spleen was observed in CIA rats following the delivery of rAAV2/ratTNFR:Fc when compared to the vector control group. This study provides the evidence that intraarticular delivery of rAAV2/ratTNFR:Fc suppress the progression of arthritis by restoring the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and inhibiting spleen cell proliferation. Our findings also implicate that the down-regulation of NO release on arthritis is involved in the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of TNF-α antagonist.
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Lu Y, Stinnette TW, Westrick E, Klein PJ, Gehrke MA, Cross VA, Vlahov IR, Low PS, Leamon CP. Treatment of experimental adjuvant arthritis with a novel folate receptor-targeted folic acid-aminopterin conjugate. Arthritis Res Ther 2011; 13:R56. [PMID: 21463515 PMCID: PMC3132048 DOI: 10.1186/ar3304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Folate receptor (FR)-expressing macrophages have been shown to accumulate at sites of inflammation, where they promote development of inflammatory symptoms. To target such a macrophage population, we designed and evaluated the biologic activity of EC0746, a novel folic acid conjugate of the highly potent antifolate, aminopterin. Methods Using a FR-positive subclone of murine macrophage-derived RAW264.7 cells and rat thioglycollate-elicited macrophages, we studied the effect of EC0746 on dihydrofolate reductase activity, cell proliferation, and cellular response towards bacterial lipopolysaccharide as well as IFNγ activation. The EC0746 anti-inflammatory activity, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity were also evaluated in normal rats or in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis; that is, a FR-positive macrophage model that closely resembles rheumatoid arthritis in humans. Results EC0746 suppresses the proliferation of RAW264.7 cells and prevents the ability of nonproliferating rat macrophages to respond to inflammatory stimuli. In the macrophage-rich rat arthritis model, brief treatment with subcutaneously administered EC0746 is shown to mediate an FR-specific anti-inflammatory response that is more potent than either orally administered methotrexate or subcutaneously delivered etanercept. More importantly, EC0746 therapy is also shown to be ~40-fold less toxic than unmodified aminopterin, with fewer bone marrow and gastrointestinal problems. Conclusions EC0746 is the first high FR-binding dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor that demonstrates FR-specific anti-inflammatory activities both in vitro and in vivo. Our data reveal that a relatively toxic anti-inflammatory drug, such as aminopterin, can be targeted with folic acid to inflammatory macrophages and thereby relieve inflammatory symptoms with greatly reduced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjuan Lu
- Endocyte, Inc., 3000 Kent Avenue, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xia
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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