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Abstract
Platinum (Pt) compounds entered the clinic as anticancer agents when cisplatin was approved in 1978. More than 40 years later, even in the era of precision medicine and immunotherapy, Pt drugs remain among the most widely used anticancer drugs. As Pt drugs mainly target DNA, it is not surprising that recent insights into alterations of DNA repair mechanisms provide a useful explanation for their success. Many cancers have defective DNA repair, a feature that also sheds new light on the mechanisms of secondary drug resistance, such as the restoration of DNA repair pathways. In addition, genome-wide functional screening approaches have revealed interesting insights into Pt drug uptake. About half of cisplatin and carboplatin but not oxaliplatin may enter cells through the widely expressed volume-regulated anion channel (VRAC). The analysis of this heteromeric channel in tumour biopsies may therefore be a useful biomarker to stratify patients for initial Pt treatments. Moreover, Pt-based approaches may be improved in the future by the optimization of combinations with immunotherapy, management of side effects and use of nanodelivery devices. Hence, Pt drugs may still be part of the standard of care for several cancers in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Rottenberg
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Bern Center for Precision Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Disler
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Paola Perego
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
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2
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Sojka M, Fojtu M, Fialova J, Masarik M, Necas M, Marek R. Locked and Loaded: Ruthenium(II)-Capped Cucurbit[ n]uril-Based Rotaxanes with Antimetastatic Properties. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:10861-10870. [PMID: 31355636 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We report here the first coupling of Ru(II) units with cucurbit[6/7]uril-based pseudorotaxane ligands meant for biological application. The resulting ruthenium-capped rotaxanes were fully characterized, and a structure of one supramolecular system was determined by X-ray diffraction. Because the biological properties of Ru-based metallodrugs are tightly linked to the ligand-exchange processes, the effect of salt concentration on the hydrolysis of chlorides from the Ru(II) center was monitored by using 1H NMR spectroscopy. The biological activity of Ru(II)-based rotaxanes was evaluated for three selected mammalian breast cell lines, HBL-100, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-231. The antimetastatic activity of the assembled cationic Ru(II)-rotaxane systems, evaluated in migration assays against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines, is notably enhanced compared to that of RAPTA-C, a reference that was used. The indicated synergistic effect of combining Ru(II) with a pseudorotaxane unit opens a new direction in searching for anticancer supramolecular metallodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Sojka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Masaryk University , Kamenice 5 , CZ-62500 Brno , Czechia.,CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology , Masaryk University , Kamenice 5 , CZ-62500 Brno , Czechia
| | - Michaela Fojtu
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology , Masaryk University , Kamenice 5 , CZ-62500 Brno , Czechia.,Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine , Masaryk University , Kamenice 5 , CZ-62500 Brno , Czechia.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine , Masaryk University , Kamenice 5 , CZ-62500 Brno , Czechia
| | - Jindriska Fialova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine , Masaryk University , Kamenice 5 , CZ-62500 Brno , Czechia
| | - Michal Masarik
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology , Masaryk University , Kamenice 5 , CZ-62500 Brno , Czechia.,Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine , Masaryk University , Kamenice 5 , CZ-62500 Brno , Czechia.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine , Masaryk University , Kamenice 5 , CZ-62500 Brno , Czechia
| | - Marek Necas
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Masaryk University , Kamenice 5 , CZ-62500 Brno , Czechia.,CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology , Masaryk University , Kamenice 5 , CZ-62500 Brno , Czechia
| | - Radek Marek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Masaryk University , Kamenice 5 , CZ-62500 Brno , Czechia.,CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology , Masaryk University , Kamenice 5 , CZ-62500 Brno , Czechia
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4
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Jastrząb R, Łomozik L, Tylkowski B. Complexes of biogenic amines in their role in living systems. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2016-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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5
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Abstract
Cisplatin and other platinum compounds have had a huge impact in the treatment of cancers and are applied in the majority of anticancer chemotherapeutic regimens. The success of these compounds has biased the approaches used to discover new metal-based anticancer drugs. In this perspective we highlight compounds that are apparently incompatible with the more classical (platinum-derived) concepts employed in the development of metal-based anticancer drugs, with respect to both compound design and the approaches used to validate their utility. Possible design approaches for the future are also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire S Allardyce
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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6
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Trudu F, Amato F, Vaňhara P, Pivetta T, Peña-Méndez E, Havel J. Coordination compounds in cancer: Past, present and perspectives. J Appl Biomed 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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7
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Murray BS, Menin L, Scopelliti R, Dyson PJ. Conformational control of anticancer activity: the application of arene-linked dinuclear ruthenium(ii) organometallics. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4sc00116h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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8
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Polyphosphoester conjugates of dinuclear platinum complex: Synthesis and evaluation of cytotoxic and the proapoptotic activity. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 72:127-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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9
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Gatti L, De Cesare M, Ciusani E, Corna E, Arrighetti N, Cominetti D, Belvisi L, Potenza D, Moroni E, Vasile F, Lecis D, Delia D, Castiglioni V, Scanziani E, Seneci P, Zaffaroni N, Perego P. Antitumor Activity of a Novel Homodimeric SMAC Mimetic in Ovarian Carcinoma. Mol Pharm 2013; 11:283-93. [DOI: 10.1021/mp4004578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gatti
- Department
of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Michelandrea De Cesare
- Department
of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Emilio Ciusani
- Laboratory
of Clinical Pathology and Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Via Celoria 11, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Corna
- Department
of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Noemi Arrighetti
- Department
of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Denis Cominetti
- Department
of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Laura Belvisi
- Department
of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi
19, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Donatella Potenza
- Department
of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi
19, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Moroni
- Department
of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi
19, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Francesca Vasile
- Department
of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi
19, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Daniele Lecis
- Department
of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Domenico Delia
- Department
of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Vittoria Castiglioni
- Department
of Veterinary Science and Public Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Eugenio Scanziani
- Department
of Veterinary Science and Public Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Pierfausto Seneci
- Department
of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi
19, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Nadia Zaffaroni
- Department
of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Paola Perego
- Department
of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, Milan 20133, Italy
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10
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Menon VR, Peterson EJ, Valerie K, Farrell NP, Povirk LF. Ligand modulation of a dinuclear platinum compound leads to mechanistic differences in cell cycle progression and arrest. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 86:1708-20. [PMID: 24161784 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite similar structures and DNA binding profiles, two recently synthesized dinuclear platinum compounds are shown to elicit highly divergent effects on cell cycle progression. In colorectal HCT116 cells, BBR3610 shows a classical G2/M arrest with initial accumulation in S phase, but the derivative compound BBR3610-DACH, formed by introduction of the 1,2-diaminocyclohexane (DACH) as carrier ligand, results in severe G1/S as well as G2/M phase arrest, with nearly complete S phase depletion. The origin of this unique effect was studied. Cellular interstrand crosslinking as assayed by comet analysis was similar for both compounds, confirming previous in vitro results obtained on plasmid DNA. Immunoblotting revealed a stabilization of p53 and concomitant transient increases in p21 and p27 proteins after treatment with BBR3610-DACH. Cell viability assays and cytometric analysis of p53 and p21 null cells indicated that BBR3610-DACH-induced cell cycle arrest was p21-dependent and partially p53-dependent. However, an increase in the levels of cyclin E was observed with steady state levels of CDK2 and Cdc25A, suggesting that the G1 block occurs downstream of CDK/cyclin complex formation. The G2/M block was corroborated with decreased levels of cyclin A and cyclin B1. Surprisingly, BBR3610-DACH-induced G1 block was independent of ATM and ATR. Finally, both compounds induced apoptosis, with BBR3610-DACH showing a robust PARP-1 cleavage that was not associated with caspase-3/7 cleavage. In summary, BBR3610-DACH is a DNA binding platinum agent with unique inhibitory effects on cell cycle progression that could be further developed as a chemotherapeutic agent complementary to cisplatin and oxaliplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay R Menon
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, United States; Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, United States
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11
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Platinum and Palladium Polyamine Complexes as Anticancer Agents: The Structural Factor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/287353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Since the introduction of cisplatin to oncology in 1978, Pt(II) and Pd(II) compounds have been intensively studied with a view to develop the improved anticancer agents. Polynuclear polyamine complexes, in particular, have attracted special attention, since they were found to yield DNA adducts not available to conventional drugs (through long-distance intra- and interstrand cross-links) and to often circumvent acquired cisplatin resistance. Moreover, the cytotoxic potency of these polyamine-bridged chelates is strictly regulated by their structural characteristics, which renders this series of compounds worth investigating and their synthesis being carefully tailored in order to develop third-generation drugs coupling an increased spectrum of activity to a lower toxicity. The present paper addresses the latest developments in the design of novel antitumor agents based on platinum and palladium, particularly polynuclear chelates with variable length aliphatic polyamines as bridging ligands, highlighting the close relationship between their structural preferences and cytotoxic ability. In particular, studies by vibrational spectroscopy techniques are emphasised, allowing to elucidate the structure-activity relationships (SARs) ruling anticancer activity.
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12
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Ruhayel RA, Langner JS, Oke MJ, Berners-Price SJ, Zgani I, Farrell NP. Chimeric platinum-polyamines and DNA binding. Kinetics of DNA interstrand cross-link formation by dinuclear platinum complexes with polyamine linkers. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:7135-46. [PMID: 22443454 DOI: 10.1021/ja301397h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The first observation of a polyamine-DNA interaction using 2D [(1)H, (15)N] HSQC NMR spectroscopy allows study of the role of the linker in polynuclear platinum-DNA interactions and a novel "anchoring" of the polyamine by Pt-DNA bond formation allows examination of the details of conformational B → Z transitions induced by the polyamine. The kinetics and mechanism of the stepwise formation of 5'-5' 1,4-GG interstrand cross-links (IXLs) by fully (15)N-labeled [{trans-PtCl((15)NH(3))(2)}(2){μ-((15)NH(2)(CH(2))(6)(15)NH(2)(CH(2))(6)(15)NH(2))}](3+) (1,1/t,t-6,6, 1) and [{trans-PtCl((15)NH(3))(2)}(2){μ-((15)NH(2)(CH(2))(6)(15)NH(2)(CH(2))(2)(15)NH(2)(CH(2))(6)(15)NH(2))}](4+) (1,1/t,t-6,2,6, 1') with the self-complementary oligonucleotide 5'-{d(ATATGTACATAT)(2)} (duplex I) are compared to the analogous reaction with 1,0,1/t,t,t (BBR3464) under identical conditions (pH 5.4, 298 K). Initial electrostatic interactions with the DNA are delocalized and followed by aquation to form the monoaqua monochloro species. The rate constant for monofunctional adduct formation, k(MF), for 1 (0.87 M(-1) s(-1)) is 3.5 fold higher than for 1,0,1/t,t,t (0.25 M(-1) s(-1); the value could not be calculated for 1' due to peak overlap). The evidence suggests that several conformers of the bifunctional adduct form, whereas for 1,0,1/t,t,t only two discrete conformers were observed. The combined effect of the conformers observed for 1 and 1' may play a crucial role in the increased potency of these novel complexes compared to 1,0,1/t,t,t. Treated as a single final product, the rate of formation of the 5'-5' 1,4-GG IXL, k(CH), for 1 (k(CH) = 4.37 × 10(-5) s(-1)) is similar to that of 1,0,1/t,t,t, whereas the value for 1' is marginally higher (k(CH) = 5.4 × 10(-5) s(-1)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha A Ruhayel
- School of Biomedical, Biomolecular & Chemical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
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13
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Qu Y, Moniodis JJ, Harris AL, Yang X, Hegmans A, Povirk LF, Berners-Price SJ, Farrell NP. Non-Covalent Polynuclear Platinum Compounds as Polyamine Analogs. POLYAMINE DRUG DISCOVERY 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849733090-00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Polynuclear platinum compounds (PPCs) represent a discrete class of antitumor agents that bear structural resemblance to polyamines. This chapter reviews developments on the chemistry and biology of polynuclear platinum drugs and especially the recognition that “non-covalent” agents based on this motif represent a further challenge to the structure-activity paradigms for platinum antitumor agents. Pt-DNA bond formation is not a strict requirement for DNA affinity leading to manifestation of promising cytotoxicity and antitumor activity. Non-covalent PPCs bind to DNA in a non-covalent manner through a novel binding motif, the phosphate clamp, analogous to the arginine fork. This binding mode is discrete from “classical” intercalation and minor groove binding. In solution, analysis of 1-D and 2-D 1HNMR data places the compounds in the minor groove of the DNA, spanning several base pairs. A melphalan protection assay indicated that the complex was at least as effective in blocking melphalan access to the minor groove as distamycin. Further biological consequences of the structure are remarkably enhanced cellular accumulation, further distinguishing the non-covalent group as a unique class of agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Qu
- Department of Chemistry Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-2006 Australia
| | - Joseph J. Moniodis
- Chemistry M313 School of Biomedical, Biomolecular & Chemical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
| | - Amanda L. Harris
- Department of Chemistry Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-2006 Australia
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Department of Chemistry Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-2006 Australia
| | - Alex Hegmans
- Department of Chemistry Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-2006 Australia
| | - Lawrence F. Povirk
- Department of Pharmacology 380A Goodwin Laboratory, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 College St., Richmond, VA 23298-0035 USA
| | - Susan J. Berners-Price
- Chemistry M313 School of Biomedical, Biomolecular & Chemical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
- Institute of Glycomics Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Qld. 4222 Australia
| | - Nicholas P. Farrell
- Department of Chemistry Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-2006 Australia
- Institute of Glycomics Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Qld. 4222 Australia
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Ruhayel RA, Zgani I, Berners-Price SJ, Farrell NP. Solution studies of dinuclear polyamine-linked platinum-based antitumour complexes. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:4147-54. [PMID: 21384050 DOI: 10.1039/c1dt00001b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aquation profiles of two novel dinuclear polyamine-linked, platinum-based antitumour complexes [{trans-PtCl((15)NH(3))(2)}(2){μ-((15)NH(2)(CH(2))(6)(15)NH(2)(CH(2))(6)(15)NH(2))}](3+) (BBR3007, 1,1/t,t-6,6, 1) and [{trans-PtCl((15)NH(3))(2)}(2){μ-((15)NH(2)(CH(2))(6)(15)NH(2)(CH(2))(2)(15)NH(2)(CH(2))(6)(15)NH(2))}](4+) (BBR3610, 1,1/t,t-6,2,6, 1') have been probed using 2D [(1)H, (15)N] HSQC NMR spectroscopy. Reported herein are the rate constants for the hydrolysis of 1 and 1', as well as the acid dissociation constants of the coordinated aqua ligands in their aquated derivatives. The aquation and anation rate constants for the single step aquation model in 15 mM NaClO(4) (pH 5.4) at 298 K are, for 1, k(1) = 7.2 ± 0.1 ×10(-5) s(-1), k(-1) = 0.096 ± 0.002 M(-1) s(-1) and, for 1', k(1) = 4.0 ± 0.2 × 10(-5) s(-1), k(-1) = 1.4 ± 0.1 M(-1) s(-1). The effect of the linker backbone (Pt(tetra(m)mine vs. polyamine) was evaluated by comparison with previous data for the trinuclear complex [{trans-PtCl(NH(3))(2)}(2)(μ-trans-Pt(NH(3))(2){NH(2)(CH(2))(6)NH(2)}(2))](4+) (1,0,1/t,t,t or BBR3464). The pK(1) for 1,0,1/t,t,t (3.44) is closest to that of 1 (3.12), while the pronounced difference for 1' (4.54), means that 1' is the least aquated of the three complexes at equilibrium. pK(a) values of 5.92 were calculated for the aquated forms of both 1 and 1', which are 0.3 pK units higher than for either 1,0,1/t,t,t, or the dinuclear 1,1/t,t. The higher pK(a) values for both polyamine-linked compounds may be attributed to the formation of macrochelates between the central NH(2) groups and the {PtN(3)O} coordination sphere of the aquated species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha A Ruhayel
- School of Biomedical, Biomolecular & Chemical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
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Gwak HS, Shingu T, Chumbalkar V, Hwang YH, DeJournett R, Latha K, Koul D, Alfred Yung WK, Powis G, Farrell NP, Bögler O. Combined action of the dinuclear platinum compound BBR3610 with the PI3-K inhibitor PX-866 in glioblastoma. Int J Cancer 2011; 128:787-96. [PMID: 20473884 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Polynuclear platinum compounds are more effective at killing glioblastoma cells than cisplatin, work by a different mechanism, and typically do not induce high levels of apoptosis at early time points after exposure. Here, we tested the hypothesis that combining BBR3610, the most potent polynuclear platinum, with a phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor would promote apoptosis and enhance the impact on glioblastoma cells. The PI3K pathway is commonly activated in glioblastoma and promotes tumor cell survival, suggesting that its inhibition would make cells more sensitive to cytotoxic agents. We chose PX-866 as a PI3K inhibitor as it is a clinically promising agent being evaluated for brain tumor therapy. Combining BBR3610 and PX-866 resulted in synergistic killing of cultured glioma cells and an extension of survival in an orthotopic xenograft animal model. Both agents alone induced autophagy, and this appeared to be saturated, because when they were combined no additional autophagy was observed. However, the combination of PX-866 and BBR3610 did induce statistically significant increases in the level of apoptosis, associated with a reduction in pAkt and pBad, as well as inhibition of transwell migration. We conclude that combining polynuclear platinums with PI3K inhibitors has translational potential and alters the cellular response to include early apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Shin Gwak
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Xie M, Liu W, Lou L, Chen X, Ye Q, Yu Y, Chang Q, Hou S. Unusual dimeric chemical structure for a carboplatin analogue as a potential anticancer complex. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:5792-4. [PMID: 20515022 DOI: 10.1021/ic100638u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An unexpected and unusual dimeric platinum(II) tetracarboxylate complex was obtained by the reaction of cis-[Pt(NH(3))(2)I(2)] with disilver dicarboxylate. The complex exhibits greater in vitro anticancer activity and lower toxicity in mice than its parent compound, carboplatin, and is therefore worthy of further evaluation as a potential antitumor dinuclear platinum agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjin Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
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17
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Barry NPE, Zava O, Furrer J, Dyson PJ, Therrien B. Anticancer activity of opened arene ruthenium metalla-assemblies. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:5272-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c001521k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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