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Shi X, Wang Q, Qin C, Wu LJ, Chen Y, Wang GX, Cai Y, Gao W, He T, Wei J, Guo J, Chen P, Xi Z. Synthesis of pyrimidines from dinitrogen and carbon. Natl Sci Rev 2022; 9:nwac168. [PMID: 36778107 PMCID: PMC9905645 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwac168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The element nitrogen and nitrogenous compounds are vital to life. The synthesis of nitrogen-containing compounds using dinitrogen as the nitrogen source, not through ammonia, is of great interest and great value but remains a grand challenge. Herein, we describe a strategy to realize this transformation by combining the heterogeneous approach with the homogeneous methodology. The N2 molecule was first fixed with carbon and LiH through a one-pot heterogeneous process, forming Li2CN2 as an 'activated' nitrogen source with high efficiency. Then subsequent homogeneous treatments of Li2CN2 to construct the organic synthon carbodiimide and the RNA/DNA building block pyrimidines were fulfilled. By using 15N2 as the feedstock, their corresponding 15N-labeled carbodiimide and pyrimidines were readily obtained. This homogeneous-heterogeneous synergy strategy will open a new chapter for N2 transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Li-Jun Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuanjin Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Gao-Xiang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yongli Cai
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenbo Gao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Teng He
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Percec V, Xiao Q. Helical Self-Organizations and Emerging Functions in Architectures, Biological and Synthetic Macromolecules. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20210015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Virgil Percec
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, USA
| | - Qi Xiao
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, USA
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3
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Wu H, Sun YF, Zhang C, Miao CB, Yang HT. A facile method for the preparation of carbodiimides from thioureas and (Boc) 2 O. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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4
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Ultrasonic-assisted synthesis of carbodiimides from N,N′-disubstituted thioureas and ureas. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-016-1761-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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5
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Schörghuber J, Sára T, Bisaccia M, Schmid W, Konrat R, Lichtenecker RJ. Novel approaches in selective tryptophan isotope labeling by using Escherichia coli overexpression media. Chembiochem 2015; 16:746-51. [PMID: 25703586 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
NMR-based investigations of large protein complexes require optimized isotopic labeling schemes. We report new methods to introduce stable isotopes into tryptophan residues; these are fine-tuned to the requirements of the particular protein NMR experiment. Selective backbone labeling was performed by using a new α-ketoacid precursor as an additive in cell-based overexpression media. Additionally, we developed synthetic routes to certain isotopologues of indole with (13)C-(1)H spin systems surrounded by (12)C and (2)H. The corresponding proteins, overexpressed in the presence of these precursor compounds, can be effectively analyzed for conformational changes in tryptophan residues in response to external stimuli, such as interaction with other proteins or small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schörghuber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 38, 1090 Vienna (Austria)
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6
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Budhathoki-Uprety J, Jena PV, Roxbury D, Heller DA. Helical polycarbodiimide cloaking of carbon nanotubes enables inter-nanotube exciton energy transfer modulation. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:15545-50. [PMID: 25343218 PMCID: PMC4227803 DOI: 10.1021/ja505529n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The use of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as near-infrared optical probes and sensors require the ability to simultaneously modulate nanotube fluorescence and functionally derivatize the nanotube surface using noncovalent methods. We synthesized a small library of polycarbodiimides to noncovalently encapsulate SWCNTs with a diverse set of functional coatings, enabling their suspension in aqueous solution. These polymers, known to adopt helical conformations, exhibited ordered surface coverage on the nanotubes and allowed systematic modulation of nanotube optical properties, producing up to 12-fold differences in photoluminescence efficiency. Polymer cloaking of the fluorescent nanotubes facilitated the first instance of controllable and reversible internanotube exciton energy transfer, allowing kinetic measurements of dynamic self-assembly and disassembly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Prakrit V. Jena
- Memorial
Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Daniel Roxbury
- Memorial
Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Daniel A. Heller
- Memorial
Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Weill
Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
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7
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Reuther JF, Bhatt MP, Tian G, Batchelor BL, Campos R, Novak BM. Controlled Living Polymerization of Carbodiimides Using Versatile, Air-Stable Nickel(II) Initiators: Facile Incorporation of Helical, Rod-like Materials. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma5009429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James F. Reuther
- Department of Chemistry and Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech
Institute, University of Texas Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Mahesh P. Bhatt
- Department of Chemistry and Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech
Institute, University of Texas Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Gonglu Tian
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Benjamin L. Batchelor
- Department of Chemistry and Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech
Institute, University of Texas Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Raymond Campos
- Department of Chemistry and Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech
Institute, University of Texas Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Bruce M. Novak
- Department of Chemistry and Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech
Institute, University of Texas Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
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Reuther JF, Novak BM. Evidence of Entropy-Driven Bistability through 15N NMR Analysis of a Temperature- and Solvent-Induced, Chiroptical Switching Polycarbodiimide. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:19292-303. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4098803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James F. Reuther
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Bruce M. Novak
- Department
of Chemistry and Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
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Budhathoki-Uprety J, Reuther JF, Novak BM. Determining the Regioregularity in Alkyne Polycarbodiimides and Their Orthogonal Modification of Side Chains To Yield Perfectly Alternating Functional Polymers. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma301639m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Januka Budhathoki-Uprety
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
27695, United States
| | - James F. Reuther
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
27695, United States
| | - Bruce M. Novak
- Department
of Chemistry and
the Alan G MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United
States
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Reuther JF, DeSousa JD, Novak BM. Direct Probing of Regioregularity for Polycarbodiimide Systems via 15N NMR Analysis. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma301448b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James F. Reuther
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
27695, United States
| | - Joseph D. DeSousa
- Department
of Chemistry and
Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Bruce M. Novak
- Department
of Chemistry and
Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
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