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Chen J. Advanced Electron Microscopy of Nanophased Synthetic Polymers and Soft Complexes for Energy and Medicine Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2405. [PMID: 34578720 PMCID: PMC8470047 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
After decades of developments, electron microscopy has become a powerful and irreplaceable tool in understanding the ionic, electrical, mechanical, chemical, and other functional performances of next-generation polymers and soft complexes. The recent progress in electron microscopy of nanostructured polymers and soft assemblies is important for applications in many different fields, including, but not limited to, mesoporous and nanoporous materials, absorbents, membranes, solid electrolytes, battery electrodes, ion- and electron-transporting materials, organic semiconductors, soft robotics, optoelectronic devices, biomass, soft magnetic materials, and pharmaceutical drug design. For synthetic polymers and soft complexes, there are four main characteristics that differentiate them from their inorganic or biomacromolecular counterparts in electron microscopy studies: (1) lower contrast, (2) abundance of light elements, (3) polydispersity or nanomorphological variations, and (4) large changes induced by electron beams. Since 2011, the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory has been working with numerous facility users on nanostructured polymer composites, block copolymers, polymer brushes, conjugated molecules, organic-inorganic hybrid nanomaterials, organic-inorganic interfaces, organic crystals, and other soft complexes. This review crystalizes some of the essential challenges, successes, failures, and techniques during the process in the past ten years. It also presents some outlooks and future expectations on the basis of these works at the intersection of electron microscopy, soft matter, and artificial intelligence. Machine learning is expected to automate and facilitate image processing and information extraction of polymer and soft hybrid nanostructures in aspects such as dose-controlled imaging and structure analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihua Chen
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
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Taheri S, Hassani Y, Sadeghi GMM, Moztarzadeh F, Li MC. Graft copolymerization of acrylic acid on to styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) to improve morphology and mechanical properties of SBR/polyurethane blend. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shahed Taheri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Amirkabir University of Technology; Tehran Iran
| | - Yones Hassani
- Mahshahr Capmus; Amirkabir University of Technology; Mahshahr Iran
| | - Gity Mir Mohamad Sadeghi
- Department of Polymer Engineering & Color Technology; Amirkabir University of Technology; P.O. Box 15875/4413 Tehran Iran
| | - Fathollah Moztarzadeh
- Biomaterials Group; Department of Biomedical Engineering (Center of Excellence); Amirkabir University of Technology; P.O. Box 15875/4413 Tehran Iran
| | - Mei-Chun Li
- School of Renewable Natural Resources; Louisiana State University Ag Center; Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803
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Chen Y, Zhang K, Wang X, Zhang F, Zhu J, Mays JW, Wooley KL, Pochan DJ. Multigeometry Nanoparticles: Hybrid Vesicle/Cylinder Nanoparticles Constructed with Block Copolymer Solution Assembly and Kinetic Control. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Chen
- Department
of Material Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Material Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Fuwu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Material Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Jiahua Zhu
- Department
of Material Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Jimmy W. Mays
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Karen L. Wooley
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Material Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Darrin J. Pochan
- Department
of Material Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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Thymine- and Adenine-Functionalized Polystyrene Form Self-Assembled Structures through Multiple Complementary Hydrogen Bonds. Polymers (Basel) 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/polym6061827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Wang W, Zhang J, Li C, Huang P, Gao S, Han S, Dong A, Kong D. Facile access to cytocompatible multicompartment micelles with adjustable Janus-cores from A-block-B-graft-C terpolymers prepared by combination of ROP and ATRP. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 115:302-9. [PMID: 24389334 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The architecture of hydrophobic segments can determine the specific morphology of multicompartment micelles (MCMs) that are generated from aqueous assembly of amphiphilic terpolymers. In this study, we aimed to design and generate poly(ɛ-caprolactone)-based multicompartment micelles with adjustable Janus-cores. Well-defined terpolymers with a novel A-block-B-graft-C architecture composed of biologically compatible polymers, methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(2-(perfluorobutyl)ethyl methacrylate) (PPFEMA), were prepared by the stepwise use of ring-opening polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization. Characterization of the obtained terpolymers was carried out by (1)H NMR and gel permeation chromatography. Results from differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction studies indicated that within the terpolymer structure, the PCL segments are in the crystalline state, while fluorocarbon segments belong to the amorphous domains. Due to the thermodynamic incompatibility of PCL and PPFEMA, MCMs could be obtained upon aqueous self-assembly of the terpolymer. The well-segregated Janus-cores with adjustable compartment balance were revealed by transmission electron microscopy. In vitro cell viability assays further demonstrated an excellent cytocompatibility of the MCMs both in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (3T3) and human acute monocytic leukemia (THP-1) cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Ju Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Chen Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Pingsheng Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Shangcong Han
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Anjie Dong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Deling Kong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin 300192, China.
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Jiang S, Zhang L, Xie T, Lin Y, Zhang H, Xu Y, Weng W, Dai L. Mechanoresponsive PS-PnBA-PS Triblock Copolymers via Covalently Embedding Mechanophore. ACS Macro Lett 2013; 2:705-709. [PMID: 35606956 DOI: 10.1021/mz400198n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A mechanically active spiropyran (SP) mechanophore is incorporated into the center of poly(n-butyl acrylate) (PnBA) block to construct a series of mechanoresponsive polystyrene (PS)-PnBA-SP-PnBA-PS triblock copolymers. Similar mechanical activations of SP occur in all of the copolymers in solution, whereas a unique PS fraction-dependent mechanochromism is observed in the bulk. Effective mechanical activation occurs in the copolymer with a medium PS block length, whereas a very weak color change is observed in the samples bearing low PS fractions and activation appears only in the vicinity of the fracture point in the copolymer bearing long PS blocks. The difference in chemical compositions of the triblock copolymers leads to different microphase separated structures in the bulk and consequently the unique stress-strain responses and mechanochemistry. This platform promises to open way to the design of a wide range of useful mechanoresponsive triblock copolymers having different hard/soft blocks and various types of mechanoresponsive motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchao Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, College
of Chemistry and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory
of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Lingxing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College
of Chemistry and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Tingwan Xie
- Department of Chemistry, College
of Chemistry and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Yangju Lin
- Department of Chemistry, College
of Chemistry and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College
of Chemistry and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Yuanze Xu
- Department of Chemistry, College
of Chemistry and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Wengui Weng
- Department of Chemistry, College
of Chemistry and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Lizong Dai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory
of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
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Zhu J, Zhang S, Zhang K, Wang X, Mays JW, Wooley KL, Pochan DJ. Disk-cylinder and disk-sphere nanoparticles via a block copolymer blend solution construction. Nat Commun 2013; 4:2297. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Lin S, Zhu W, He X, Xing Y, Liang L, Chen T, Lin J. Multicompartmental Hollow Micelles Formed by Linear ABC Triblock Copolymers in Aqueous Medium. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:2586-93. [DOI: 10.1021/jp312858e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoliang Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced
Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry
of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai
200237, China
| | - Wenjie Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced
Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry
of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai
200237, China
| | - Xiaohua He
- Department
of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yaohui Xing
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced
Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry
of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai
200237, China
| | - Liyuan Liang
- Department
of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced
Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry
of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai
200237, China
| | - Jiaping Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced
Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry
of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai
200237, China
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Wu YC, Wu YS, Kuo SW. Bioinspired Photo-Core-Crosslinked and Noncovalently Connected Micelles From Functionalized Polystyrene and Poly(ethylene oxide) Homopolymers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201200648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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