1
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Jin F, Huang Z, Zheng Y, Sun C, Kafle N, Ma J, Pan P, Miyoshi T. Impact of Entanglement on Folding of Semicrystalline Polymer during Crystallization. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:1138-1143. [PMID: 37503873 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Upon cooling, semicrystalline polymers experience crystallization and form alternatively stacked layers consisting of thin crystal lamellae and amorphous ones. The unique morphology, crystallinity, and crystallization kinetics highly depend on the molecular weight. Therefore, it is deduced that entanglement impacts crystallization kinetics, as well as hierarchically crystalline structures. However, the impact of entanglement on folded crystalline chains has not been well understood due to experimental difficulties. In this work, chain-folding structures for seven 13C CH3 labeled poly(l-lactic acid)s with various molecular weights (Mws) were investigated by 13C-13C double quantum NMR spectroscopy. As a result, chain-folding events were categorized into three different Mw regimes: (i) The lowest Mw sample (2K g/mol) adopts an extended chain conformation (folding number, n = 0) (regime I); (ii) Intermediate Mw ones possess mixtures of non- and once-folded structures, and the once-folded fraction suddenly increases above the entanglement length (Me), up to Mw = 45K g/mol (regime II); (iii) The high Mw ones (Mw > 45K g/mol) adopt the highest chance for an adjacent re-entry structure with n = 1.0 in the well-developed entangled network (regime III). It was suggested that entanglement induces folding of the semicrystalline polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Jin
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Zheng Huang
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Ying Zheng
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 99 Zheda Road, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Chenxuan Sun
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 99 Zheda Road, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Navin Kafle
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Jiayang Ma
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Pengju Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 99 Zheda Road, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Toshikazu Miyoshi
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
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2
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Song YD, Sun J, Fu XB, Yao YF. Probing distribution and dynamics of lithium ions in supermolecule β-CD-PEO/Li + solid polymer electrolytes via solid-state NMR. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2023; 350:107426. [PMID: 37011464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2023.107426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the distribution and dynamics of Li+ ions in β-CD-PEO/Li+ (β-CD, β-cyclodextrin; PEO, polyethylene-oxides) crystalline polymer electrolytes were investigated by solid-state NMR to enlighten the ionic conduction mechanism. Specifically, 7Li-6Li REDOR NMR and variable-contact-time 1H-6Li CP/MAS NMR were adopted for the study. The results demonstrate that Li+ ions coordinated by polymer chains have relatively compact spatial density and fast dynamics, which facilitate the improvement of the electrochemical properties. Additionally, the variation of the distribution and dynamics of the Li+ ions and the ionic conduction mechanism were studied and discussed by altering the amount of the Li+ ions. This work deepens our understanding of the distribution and dynamics of Li+ ions in β-CD-PEO/Li+ crystals and demonstrates possible future applications of solid-state NMR on the study of the polymer electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Dan Song
- Physics Department & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, North Zhongshan Road 3663, 200062 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jianchao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Xiao-Bin Fu
- Physics Department & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, North Zhongshan Road 3663, 200062 Shanghai, PR China; Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.
| | - Ye-Feng Yao
- Physics Department & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, North Zhongshan Road 3663, 200062 Shanghai, PR China.
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3
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Wang Z, Duan R, Pang X, Wu R, Guo B, Xu J. Critical Size and Formation Mechanism of Secondary Nuclei in Melt-Crystallized Polylactide Stereocomplex Crystals. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqi Wang
- Advanced Materials Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084Beijing, China
| | - Ranlong Duan
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun130022, China
| | - Xuan Pang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun130022, China
| | - Rongling Wu
- Departments of Public Health Sciences and Statistics, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania17033, United States
| | - Baohua Guo
- Advanced Materials Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084Beijing, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Advanced Materials Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084Beijing, China
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4
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Belin B, Yiannourakou M, Lachet V, Rousseau B. Modeling Method for Semicrystalline Polymers Controlling Aspects of the Morphology at the Molecular Scale for the Study of Mechanical and Physicochemical Properties. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:9673-9685. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c04571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boris Belin
- Institut de Chimie-Physique UMR 8000, Université Paris Saclay, CNRS, 91405Orsay, France
- IFP Energies nouvelles, 92852Rueil-Malmaison, France
- Materials Design SARL, 92120Montrouge, France
| | | | | | - Bernard Rousseau
- Institut de Chimie-Physique UMR 8000, Université Paris Saclay, CNRS, 91405Orsay, France
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5
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Song Y, Ma Z, Zhang W. Manipulation of a Single Polymer Chain: From the Nanomechanical Properties to Dynamic Structure Evolution. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Ziwen Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Wenke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
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6
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Li H, Liu X, Jin T, Zhao K, Zhang Q, He C, Yang H, Chen Y, Huang J, Yu X, Han Y. Optimizing the Intercrystallite Connection of Donor-Acceptor Conjugated Semiconductor Polymer by Controlling the Crystallization Rate via Temperature. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200084. [PMID: 35339116 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The charge carrier transport of conjugated polymer thin film is mainly decided by the crystalline domain and intercrystallite connection. High density tie-chain can provide an effective bridge between crystalline domains. Herein, the tie-chain connection behavior is optimized by decreasing the crystal region length (lc ) and increasing the crystallization rate. Poly[4-(4,4-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-4H-cyclopenta[1,2-b:5,4-b']dithiophen-2-yl)-alt-[1,2,5]-thiadiazolo[3,4-c]pyridine] (PCDTPT-ODD) is dissolved in nonpolar solvent isooctane and high ordered rod-like aggregations are formed. As the temperature increases, the changes of solution state and crystallization behavior lead to three different chain arrangement morphologies in the films: (1) at 25°C, large and separated crystal regions are formed; (2) at 55°C, small and well-connected crystal regions are formed due to faster crystallization rate and smaller nucleus size; (3) at 90°C, the amorphous film is formed. Further results show that the film prepared at 55°C has a smaller crystal region length (lc , 7.6 nm) and higher tie-chains content. Thus, the film exhibits the best device mobility of 2.3 × 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1 . This result shows the great influence of crystallization kinetics on the microstructure of conjugated polymer films and provides an effective way for the optimization of the intercrystallite tie-chain. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Tianya Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Kefeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Chunyong He
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan, 523803, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan, 523803, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jianyao Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xinhong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Yanchun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
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7
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Jin F, Yuan S, Wang S, Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Hong YL, Miyoshi T. Polymer Chains Fold Prior to Crystallization. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:284-288. [PMID: 35575358 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There are long-standing debates in crystallization mechanism of polymer chains at the molecular levels: Which comes first, chain folding or lamellae formation during crystallization? In this study, we report the local chain trajectory of 13C-labeled semicrystalline polymer in an extreme case of rapidly quenched glassy state as well as thermodynamically stable crystals formed via different pathways from glass and melt. Magnetically dipole interactions do not require a long-range order of molecular objects and thus enable us to trace the local chain trajectory of polymer chains even in a glassy state. To accurately characterize the local chain trajectory of polymer glass, the natural abundance effect on 13C-13C double-quantum (DQ) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signal is re-examined using extended chain conformation. As results, it is found that glassy chains adopt the same adjacent re-entry structure (adjacent re-entry number, n = 1) with the melt- and cold-grown crystals. From these results, it is concluded that (i) folding occurs prior to crystallization and (ii) melt and cold crystallization do not induce additional folding but proceed with rearrangements of polymer chains in the existing templates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Jin
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Shichen Yuan
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Shijun Wang
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Ying Zheng
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 78 Jiuhua Boulevard North, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - You-lee Hong
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Toshikazu Miyoshi
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
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8
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Li X, Ding J, Chen P, Zheng K, Zhang X, Tian X. Detection and characterization of folded-chain clusters in the structured melt of isotactic polypropyl-ene. IUCRJ 2021; 8:595-607. [PMID: 34258008 PMCID: PMC8256699 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252521003821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite ceaseless efforts in past decades, the memory effect of semi-crystalline polymers has not been elucidated completely yet. An important reason why is that residual lamellar crystals in the structured melt are difficult to characterize. Recently, we developed a new small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) theory [Li et al. (2019). IUCrJ, 6, 968-983] and Fourier transform method [Li et al. (2020). CrystEngComm, 22, 3042-3058] for lamellar crystals that could derive structural information from SAXS readily. In this study, we tried to employ the new theory and method to characterize residual lamellar crystals in the structured melt. It was found that although scattering peaks cannot be observed in raw scattering profiles, they actually exist. Subtracting free-melt scattering and multiplying by q 4 benefit the observation of these weak scattering peaks. With the new Fourier transform method, it was found that indeed as proposed previously, thicker lamellar crystals exist in the structured melt. To determine the lateral size of residual lamellar crystal especially, a new method was developed under the guidance of the new theory. With the new method, it was found that although the crystallinity is very low (∼1% at 174°C), the lateral sizes in the structured melts are still large, e.g. 45.3 nm at 174°C, much greater than the critical nucleation size. This implies that these residual lamellar crystals can act as athermal nuclei after quenching to a lower temperature, as proposed by Ziabicki & Alfonso [(1994). Colloid Polym. Sci. 272, 1027-1042; (2002). Macromol. Symp. 185, 211-231] more than 20 years ago. The methodologies proposed here could also be applied to other polymer lamellar systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Li
- Institute of Solid State Physics, CAS Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Ding
- Institute of Solid State Physics, CAS Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pujing Chen
- Institute of Solid State Physics, CAS Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kang Zheng
- Institute of Solid State Physics, CAS Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Institute of Solid State Physics, CAS Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingyou Tian
- Institute of Solid State Physics, CAS Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, People’s Republic of China
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9
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Abstract
Nucleation plays a vital role in polymer crystallization, in which chain connectivity and thus the multiple length and time scales make crystal nucleation of polymer chains an interesting but complex subject. Though the topic has been intensively studied in the past decades, there are still many open questions to answer. The final properties of semicrystalline polymer materials are affected by all of the following: the starting melt, paths of nucleation, organization of lamellar crystals and evolution of the final crystalline structures. In this viewpoint, we attempt to discuss some of the remaining open questions and corresponding concepts: non-equilibrated polymers, self-induced nucleation, microscopic kinetics of different processes, metastability of polymer lamellar crystals, hierarchical order and cooperativity involved in nucleation, etc. Addressing these open questions through a combination of novel concepts, new theories and advanced approaches provides a deeper understanding of the multifaceted process of crystal nucleation of polymers.
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10
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Ono Y, Kumaki J. In Situ AFM Observation of Folded‐Chain Crystallization of a Low‐Molecular‐Weight Isotactic Poly(methyl methacrylate) in a Langmuir Monolayer at the Molecular Level. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202000372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ono
- Department of Organic Materials Science Graduate School of Organic Materials Science Yamagata University Yonezawa Yamagata 992–8510 Japan
| | - Jiro Kumaki
- Department of Organic Materials Science Graduate School of Organic Materials Science Yamagata University Yonezawa Yamagata 992–8510 Japan
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11
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Polymorphic Transition of Pre-oriented Polybutene-1 under Tensile Deformation: In Situ FTIR Study. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-020-2409-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Li YK, Zhang XX, Sun ZY. Influence of the coexistence of thin and thick lamellae on the transformation from crystalline form II to form I in isotactic polybutylene-1. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.122137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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In situ POM and FTIR investigation on quiescent phase transition of polybutene‐1 from form II to form I. POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pcr2.10098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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14
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Li X, Chen P, Ding J, Zheng K, Chen L, Tian X. Rapid phase transition of polybutene-1 from form II to form I induced by pressure. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Zhang S, Han J, Gao Y, Guo B, Reiter G, Xu J. Determination of the Critical Size of Secondary Nuclei on the Lateral Growth Front of Lamellar Polymer Crystals. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Zhang
- Advanced Materials Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Jiarui Han
- Advanced Materials Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Advanced Materials Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Baohua Guo
- Advanced Materials Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Günter Reiter
- Institute of Physics and Freiburg Materials Research Center, Albert-Ludwig-University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jun Xu
- Advanced Materials Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
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16
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Ma Z, Yang P, Zhang X, Jiang K, Song Y, Zhang W. Quantifying the Chain Folding in Polymer Single Crystals by Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:1194-1199. [PMID: 35619456 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Chain folding is a motif of polymer crystallization, which is essential for determining the crystallization kinetics. However, the experimental quantification of the chain folding remains a challenge because of limited instrumental resolution. Here, we quantify chain folding in solution-grown single crystals by using atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based single-molecule force spectroscopy. The fingerprint spectrum of force-induced chain motion allows us to decipher the adjacent and nonadjacent re-entry folding with spatial resolution of subnanometers. The average fractions of adjacent re-entry folds ⟨f⟩ are in the range 91-95% for polycaprolactone, poly-l-lactic acid, and polyamide 66, which is higher than the values determined by other classical technologies. The established single-molecule method is applicable to a broad range of crystalline polymer systems with different chain conformations or compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Peng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Ke Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Wenke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
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17
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Wang S, Yuan S, Wang K, Chen W, Yamada K, Barkley D, Koga T, Hong YL, Miyoshi T. Intramolecular and Intermolecular Packing in Polymer Crystallization. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shijun Wang
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Shichen Yuan
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Wei Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Koji Yamada
- Advanced Processing Technology Unit, Research Center, Toyobo Co., Ltd. 2-1-1 Katata, Otsu, Shiga 520-0292, Japan
| | | | | | - You-lee Hong
- RIKEN CLST-JEOL Collaboration Center, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Miyoshi
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
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18
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Alternating crystalline lamellar structures from thermodynamically miscible poly(ε-caprolactone) H/D blends. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Nie H, Xiao W, Ma Y, Liu C, He A. High-Performance Isotactic Poly(1-butene)/Isotactic Polypropylene Alloys with in-Situ-Synthesized Poly(propylene- co-butene). Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huarong Nie
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Olefin Catalysis and Polymerization, Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics (Ministry of Education), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, China
| | - Weijia Xiao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Olefin Catalysis and Polymerization, Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics (Ministry of Education), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, China
| | - Yaping Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Olefin Catalysis and Polymerization, Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics (Ministry of Education), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, China
| | - Chenguang Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Olefin Catalysis and Polymerization, Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics (Ministry of Education), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, China
| | - Aihua He
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Olefin Catalysis and Polymerization, Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics (Ministry of Education), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, China
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20
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Wang S, Yuan S, Chen W, Zhou Y, Hong YL, Miyoshi T. Structural Unit of Polymer Crystallization in Dilute Solution As Studied by Solid-State NMR and 13C Isotope Labeling. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shijun Wang
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Shichen Yuan
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Lab of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Study, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - You-lee Hong
- RIKEN CLST-JEOL Collaboration Center, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Miyoshi
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
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21
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Wang S, Hong YL, Yuan S, Chen W, Zhou W, Li Z, Wang K, Min X, Konishi T, Miyoshi T. Chain Trajectory, Chain Packing, and Molecular Dynamics of Semicrystalline Polymers as Studied by Solid-State NMR. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E775. [PMID: 30960700 PMCID: PMC6403921 DOI: 10.3390/polym10070775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chain-level structure of semicrystalline polymers in melt- and solution-grown crystals has been debated over the past half century. Recently, 13C⁻13C double quantum (DQ) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has been successfully applied to investigate chain-folding (CF) structure and packing structure of 13C enriched polymers after solution and melt crystallization. We review recent NMR studies for (i) packing structure, (ii) chain trajectory, (iii) conformation of the folded chains, (iv) nucleation mechanisms, (v) deformation mechanism, and (vi) molecular dynamics of semicrystalline polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijun Wang
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3909, USA.
| | - You-Lee Hong
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3909, USA.
- RIKEN CLST-JEOL Collaboration Center, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
| | - Shichen Yuan
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3909, USA.
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3909, USA.
- State Key Lab of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Study, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Wenxuan Zhou
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3909, USA.
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3909, USA.
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3909, USA.
| | - Xu Min
- School of Physics and Materials Science & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Takashi Konishi
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3909, USA.
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Toshikazu Miyoshi
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3909, USA.
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22
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Zhou W, Wang K, Wang S, Yuan S, Chen W, Konishi T, Miyoshi T. Stoichiometry and Packing Structure of Poly(lactic acid) Stereocomplex as Revealed by Solid-State NMR and 13C Isotope Labeling. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:667-671. [PMID: 35632974 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Poly(l-lactic acid) (L)/poly(d-lactic acid) (D) blends form a stereocomplex (SC) at a mixing ratio of 7/3-3/7. The stoichiometry and packing structure of L/D in the SC are controversial topics because the SC is semicrystalline and because the enantiomeric pair has the same chemical structure. In this study, both the stoichiometry and packing structure of 33% 13C CH3-labeled (l) L/nonlabeled D blends at mixing ratios of 7/3-3/7 were investigated by using solid-state (SS) NMR. The 13C CO signals in natural abundance provided the fractions of the SC (ΦSC), α, and amorphous regions of l-L/D blends. Moreover, the 33% 13CH3-labeled signals could determine the fraction of only l-L in the SC (ΦL) and amorphous region. These two data sets allowed us to determine the stoichiometry of l-L/D in the SC (ΦL-SC/ΦD-SC) to be 1/1. 13C-13C double-quantum (DQ) buildup curves of l-L in the SC followed one universal curve even at different mixing ratios. Comparison of the experimental and simulated DQ curves led to the conclusion that all SC crystals adopt a regular packing structure at varied mixing ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxuan Zhou
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Shijun Wang
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Shichen Yuan
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Lab of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Study College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Takashi Konishi
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Miyoshi
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
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23
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Agbolaghi S, Abbaspoor S, Abbasi F. A comprehensive review on polymer single crystals—From fundamental concepts to applications. Prog Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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24
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Liu F, Sun T, Tang P, Zhang H, Qiu F. Understanding chain folding morphology of semicrystalline polymers based on a rod-coil multiblock model. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:8250-8263. [PMID: 29071322 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01892d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We employ a rod-coil multiblock molecular chain model to investigate chain folding behavior, which is a significant characteristic in semicrystalline polymers, by using the method of self-consistent field theory (SCFT). Polymer chains with different conformations in crystalline and amorphous regions are described by rigid rod chains and flexible Gaussian chains, respectively. At present, we concentrate on the thermodynamic behaviors of polymer semi-crystals after the formation of the initial lamellar crystals. A new mechanism for lamellar thickening is proposed to realize that the end of lamellar thickening depends on the crystallinity degree. In other words, it is impossible for lamellae to develop into extended-chain crystals by means of lamellar thickening if crystallinity is limited to a certain degree. We further discuss the competition between crystalline and amorphous regions and its influence on crystallization behaviors, such as the formation of double lamellae, chain tilt, the anomalies and adjacent re-entry. The synergistic influences of the driving force of crystallization, interfacial energy and crystallinity degree on chain folding behavior are also investigated when the density anomalies in amorphous regions are excluded. Our model demonstrates advantages in accurately describing the mesoscopic layered structures of semicrystalline polymers based upon a microscopic chain model and provides at least a semi-quantitative thermodynamic picture for chain folding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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25
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Zhang R, Xiao T, Graf R, De-Boer E, Verhoef R, Kentgens A, Yang G, Rastogi S, Yao YF. Chain packing in the noncrystalline region of deuterated UHMWPE: A solid-state 2H and 13C NMR study. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Lotz B, Miyoshi T, Cheng SZD. 50th Anniversary Perspective: Polymer Crystals and Crystallization: Personal Journeys in a Challenging Research Field. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Lotz
- Institut Charles
Sadron (CNRS − Université de Strasbourg), 23, Rue du Lœss, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Toshikazu Miyoshi
- Department
of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Stephen Z. D. Cheng
- Department
of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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27
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Wang S, Yuan S, Chen W, He Q, Hong YL, Miyoshi T. Solid-State NMR Study of the Chain Trajectory and Crystallization Mechanism of Poly(l-lactic acid) in Dilute Solution. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shijun Wang
- Department
of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Shichen Yuan
- Department
of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Wei Chen
- Department
of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
- State
Key Lab of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Study, College of
Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qiming He
- Department
of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - You-lee Hong
- Department
of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
- RIKEN
CLST-JEOL Collaboration Center, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Miyoshi
- Department
of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
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28
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Samuel AZ, Lai BH, Lan ST, Ando M, Wang CL, Hamaguchi HO. Estimating Percent Crystallinity of Polyethylene as a Function of Temperature by Raman Spectroscopy Multivariate Curve Resolution by Alternating Least Squares. Anal Chem 2017; 89:3043-3050. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Masahiro Ando
- Waseda University, Consolidated Research Institute
for Advanced Science and Medical Care, 513 Wasedatsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
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29
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Hong YL, Chen W, Yuan S, Kang J, Miyoshi T. Chain Trajectory of Semicrystalline Polymers As Revealed by Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy. ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:355-358. [PMID: 35614717 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Over the last half century, a chain-folding structure of semicrystalline polymers has been debated in polymer science. Recently, 13C-13C double quantum (DQ) NMR spectroscopy combined with 13C selective isotope labeling has been developed to investigate re-entrance sites of the folded chains, mean values of adjacent re-entry number ⟨n⟩ and fraction ⟨F⟩ of semicrystalline polymers. This viewpoint highlights the versatile approaches of using solid-state (ss) NMR and isotope labeling for revealing (i) chain trajectory in melt- and solution-grown crystals, (ii) conformation of the folded chains in single crystals, (iii) self-folding in the early stage of crystallization, and (iv) unfolding of the folded chains under stretching.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-lee Hong
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Shichen Yuan
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Jia Kang
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Toshikazu Miyoshi
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
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30
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Kang J, Yuan S, Hong YL, Chen W, Kamimura A, Otsubo A, Miyoshi T. Unfolding of Isotactic Polypropylene under Uniaxial Stretching. ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:65-68. [PMID: 35668580 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite numerous investigations on polymer processing, understanding the deformation mechanisms of semicrystalline polymer under uniaxial stretching is still challenging. In this work, 13C-13C Double Quantum (DQ) NMR was applied to trace the structural evolution of 13C-labeled isotactic polypropylene (iPP) chains inside the crystallites stretched to an engineering strain (e) of 21 at 100 °C. DQ NMR based on spatial proximity of 13C labeled nuclei proved conformational changes from the folded chains to the locally extended chains induced by stretching. By combining experimental findings with literature results on molecular dynamics, it was concluded that transportation of the crystalline chains plays a critical role to achieve large deformability of iPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Kang
- Department
of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Shichen Yuan
- Department
of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - You-lee Hong
- Department
of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Wei Chen
- Department
of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Akihiro Kamimura
- SunAllomer, Ltd., 3-2 Yako 2-chome, Kawasaki-ku
Kawasaki 210-0863, Japan
| | - Akihiro Otsubo
- SunAllomer, Ltd., 3-2 Yako 2-chome, Kawasaki-ku
Kawasaki 210-0863, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Miyoshi
- Department
of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
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31
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Yuan S, Li Z, Hong YL, Ke Y, Kang J, Kamimura A, Otsubo A, Miyoshi T. Folding of Polymer Chains in the Early Stage of Crystallization. ACS Macro Lett 2015; 4:1382-1385. [PMID: 35614787 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the structure formation of an ordered domain in the early stage of crystallization is one of the long-standing issues in polymer science. In this study, we investigate the chain trajectory of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) formed via rapid and deep quenching, using solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Comparisons of experimental and simulated 13C-13C double quantum (DQ) buildup curves demonstrated that individual iPP chains adopt adjacent re-entry sequences with an average folding number ⟨n⟩ = 3-4 in the mesomorphic form, assuming an adjacent re-entry fraction ⟨F⟩ of 100%. Therefore, long flexible polymer chains naturally fold in the early stage of crystallization, and folding-initiated nucleation results in formation of mesomorphic nanodomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichen Yuan
- Department
of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Zhen Li
- Department
of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - You-lee Hong
- Department
of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Yutian Ke
- Department
of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Jia Kang
- Department
of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Akihiro Kamimura
- SunAllomer, Ltd., 3-2 Yako 2-chome
Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0863, Japan
| | - Akihiro Otsubo
- SunAllomer, Ltd., 3-2 Yako 2-chome
Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0863, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Miyoshi
- Department
of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
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32
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Chen W, Wang S, Zhang W, Ke Y, Hong YL, Miyoshi T. Molecular Structural Basis for Stereocomplex Formation of Polylactide Enantiomers in Dilute Solution. ACS Macro Lett 2015; 4:1264-1267. [PMID: 35614825 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) and poly(d-lactide) (PDLA) alternatively pack with each other and form stereocomplex crystals (SCs). The crystal habits of SCs formed in the dilute solution highly depend on the molecular weight (⟨Mw⟩). In this study, we investigated chain-folding (CF) structure for 13C labeled PLLA (l-PLLA) chains in SCs with PDLAs that have either high or low ⟨Mw⟩s by employing an advanced Double Quantum (DQ) NMR. It was found that the ensemble average of the successive adjacent re-entry number ⟨n⟩ for the l-PLLA chains drastically change depending on ⟨Mw⟩s of the counter PDLA chains in the SCs. It was concluded that the CF structures of l-PLLA depending on ⟨Mw⟩s of PDLA determine the crystal habits of SCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Shijun Wang
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Yutian Ke
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - You-lee Hong
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Toshikazu Miyoshi
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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33
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Hong YL, Yuan S, Li Z, Ke Y, Nozaki K, Miyoshi T. Three-Dimensional Conformation of Folded Polymers in Single Crystals. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:168301. [PMID: 26550905 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.168301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The chain-folding mechanism and structure of semicrystalline polymers have long been controversial. Solid-state NMR was applied to determine the chain trajectory of (13)C CH3-labeled isotactic poly(1-butene) (iPB1) in form III chiral single crystals blended with nonlabeled iPB1 crystallized in dilute solutions under low supercooling. An advanced (13)C-(13)C double-quantum NMR technique probing the spatial proximity pattern of labeled (13)C nuclei revealed that the chains adopt a three-dimensional (3D) conformation in single crystals. The determined results indicate a two-step crystallization process of (i) cluster formation via self-folding in the precrystallization stage and (ii) deposition of the nanoclusters as a building block at the growth front in single crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-lee Hong
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
| | - Shichen Yuan
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
| | - Yutian Ke
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
| | - Koji Nozaki
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science and Engineering Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Miyoshi
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
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34
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Li Z, Hong YL, Yuan S, Kang J, Kamimura A, Otsubo A, Miyoshi T. Determination of Chain-Folding Structure of Isotactic Polypropylene in Melt-Grown α Crystals by 13C–13C Double Quantum NMR and Selective Isotopic Labeling. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Department
of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - You-lee Hong
- Department
of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Shichen Yuan
- Department
of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Jia Kang
- Department
of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Akihiro Kamimura
- SunAllomer, Limited, 3-2 Yako 2-chome
Kawasaki-ku Kawasaki 210-0863, Japan
| | - Akihiro Otsubo
- SunAllomer, Limited, 3-2 Yako 2-chome
Kawasaki-ku Kawasaki 210-0863, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Miyoshi
- Department
of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
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35
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Liu X, Chen W, Hong YL, Yuan S, Kuroki S, Miyoshi T. Stabilization of Atactic-Polyacrylonitrile under Nitrogen and Air As Studied by Solid-State NMR. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Liu
- Department
of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Goodyear Polymer Center, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Wei Chen
- Department
of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Goodyear Polymer Center, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - You-lee Hong
- Department
of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Goodyear Polymer Center, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Shichen Yuan
- Department
of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Goodyear Polymer Center, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Shigeki Kuroki
- Department
of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Graduate School of Science and
Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Miyoshi
- Department
of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Goodyear Polymer Center, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
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36
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Hong YL, Koga T, Miyoshi T. Chain Trajectory and Crystallization Mechanism of a Semicrystalline Polymer in Melt- and Solution-Grown Crystals As Studied Using 13C–13C Double-Quantum NMR. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- You-lee Hong
- Department
of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Tadanori Koga
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Toshikazu Miyoshi
- Department
of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
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37
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Chen W, Reichert D, Miyoshi T. Helical Jump Motions of Poly(l-Lactic Acid) Chains in the α Phase As Revealed by Solid-State NMR. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:4552-63. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- The University of Akron, Department of Polymer
Science, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Detlef Reichert
- Institut
für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str.
7, D-06120 Halle
(Saale), Germany
| | - Toshikazu Miyoshi
- The University of Akron, Department of Polymer
Science, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
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38
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Yuan S, Li Z, Kang J, Hong YL, Kamimura A, Otsubo A, Miyoshi T. Determination of Local Packing Structure of Mesomorphic Form of Isotactic Polypropylene by Solid-State NMR. ACS Macro Lett 2015; 4:143-146. [PMID: 35596421 DOI: 10.1021/mz5007969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the local packing structures of a disordered mesomorphic phase is a challenging issue in polymer characterization. In this work, 13C-13C through-space interactions, as well as a molecular dynamics analysis based on the reorientation of chemical shift anisotropy (CSA), were proposed for the evaluation of the local packing structure of the mesomorphic form of isotactic polypropylene (iPP). 13C-13C double quantum (DQ) buildup curves of 13C 15% CH3 selectively labeled iPP and spin-dynamics simulations demonstrated that the local packing structures in the mesomorphic form were very similar to the packing in the β phase. Moreover, centerband only detection of exchange (CODEX) NMR proved that the correlation time ⟨τc⟩ of the overall stem dynamics in the mesomorphic form followed the same Arrhenius line observed for the β phase, but it deviated from that for the α phase. Based on both structural and dynamic results, it was concluded that the local packing structure in the mesomorphic form was exceedingly close or the same as that of the β phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichen Yuan
- Department
of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Zhen Li
- Department
of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Jia Kang
- Department
of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - You-lee Hong
- Department
of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Akihiro Kamimura
- SunAllomer, Ltd., 3-2 Yako 2-chome, Kawasaki-ku
Kawasaki 210-0863, Japan
| | - Akihiro Otsubo
- SunAllomer, Ltd., 3-2 Yako 2-chome, Kawasaki-ku
Kawasaki 210-0863, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Miyoshi
- Department
of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
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39
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Hong YL, Miyoshi T. Elucidation of the Chain-Folding Structure of a Semicrystalline Polymer in Single Crystals by Solid-State NMR. ACS Macro Lett 2014; 3:556-559. [PMID: 35590726 DOI: 10.1021/mz500196s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite tremendous efforts over the last half-century to elucidate the chain-folding (CF) structure of semicrystalline polymers, the re-entrance sites of folded chains, the successive CF number n, and the adjacent re-entry fraction F have not been well characterized due to experimental limitations. In this report, 13C-13C double-quantum (DQ) NMR was used to determine for the first time the detailed CF structure of 13C CH3-labeled isotactic poly(1-butene) (iPB1) in solution-grown crystals blended with nonlabeled iPB1 across a wide range of crystallization temperatures (Tcs). Comparison of the results of DQ experiments and spin dynamics simulations demonstrated that the majority of individual chains possess completely adjacent re-entry structures at both Tc = 60 and ∼0 °C, as well as indicated that a low polymer concentration, not kinetics, leads to cluster formations of single molecules in dilute solution. The changes in crystal habits from hexagonal shapes at Tc = 60 °C to rounded shapes at ∼0 °C (kinetic roughness) are reasonably explained in terms of kinetically driven depositions of single molecule clusters on the growth front.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-lee Hong
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Toshikazu Miyoshi
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
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40
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Kang J, Miyoshi T. Two Chain-Packing Transformations and Their Effects on the Molecular Dynamics and Thermal Properties of α-Form Isotactic Poly(propylene) under Hot Drawing: A Solid-State NMR Study. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma5004369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Kang
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Toshikazu Miyoshi
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
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41
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Li Z, Miyoshi T, Sen MK, Koga T, Otsubo A, Kamimura A. Solid-State NMR Characterization of the Chemical Defects and Physical Disorders in α Form of Isotactic Poly(propylene) Synthesized by Ziegler–Natta Catalysts. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401032z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United
States
| | - Toshikazu Miyoshi
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United
States
| | - Mani K. Sen
- Department of Materials
Science
and Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Tadanori Koga
- Department of Materials
Science
and Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Akihiro Otsubo
- SunAllomer, Ltd.,
3-2 Yako 2-chome Kawasaki-ku Kawasaki 210-0863, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kamimura
- SunAllomer, Ltd.,
3-2 Yako 2-chome Kawasaki-ku Kawasaki 210-0863, Japan
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