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Thi Q, Nguyen QH, Choi YS, Jeon SY, Boudouris BW, Joo Y. Conductive Glassy Nonconjugated Open-Shell Radical Polymer with Organosulfur Backbone for Macroscopic Conductivity. JACS AU 2024; 4:690-696. [PMID: 38425938 PMCID: PMC10900204 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Nonconjugated organic radicals with an open-shell radical active group exhibit unique functionality due to their radical pendant site. Compared with the previously studied doped conjugated polymers, radical polymers reveal superior processability, stability, and optical properties. Despite the success of organic radical polymer conductors based on the TEMPO radicals, it still requires potential design substitutions to meet the fundamental limits of charge transport in the radical polymer. To do so, we demonstrate that the amorphous, nonconjugated radical polymer with backbone-pendant group interaction and low glass transition temperature enables the macromolecules to have rapid charge transport in the solid state, resulting in conductivity higher than 32 S m-1. This charge transport is due to the formation of the local ordered regime with an energetically favored orientation caused by the strong coupling between the backbone and pendant group, which can significantly modulate the polymer packing with active electronic communications. The nonconjugate nature of the radical polymer maintains an optical transparency up to 98% at a 1.5 μm thick film. Thus, this effort will be a dramatically advanced model in the organic radical community for the creation of next-generation polymer conductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quyen
Vu Thi
- Institute
of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute
of Science and Technology (KIST), Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
- Institute
of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 627833, Republic of Singapore
| | - Quynh H. Nguyen
- Institute
of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute
of Science and Technology (KIST), Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Seok Choi
- Institute
of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute
of Science and Technology (KIST), Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Jeon
- Institute
of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute
of Science and Technology (KIST), Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Bryan W. Boudouris
- Charles
D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Yongho Joo
- Institute
of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute
of Science and Technology (KIST), Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
- Division
of Nano and Information Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Jeonbuk 55324, South Korea
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2
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Li P, Zhou P, Wang J, Wang G. Synthesis, characterization, and property of ionized nano‐objects with defined phase separation. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Penghan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Guowei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai China
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3
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Key Features of TEMPO-Containing Polymers for Energy Storage and Catalytic Systems. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15072699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The need for environmentally benign portable energy storage drives research on organic batteries and catalytic systems. These systems are a promising replacement for commonly used energy storage devices that rely on limited resources such as lithium and rare earth metals. The redox-active TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl-4-yl) fragment is a popular component of organic systems, as its benefits include remarkable electrochemical performance and decent physical properties. TEMPO is also known to be an efficient catalyst for alcohol oxidation, oxygen reduction, and various complex organic reactions. It can be attached to various aliphatic and conductive polymers to form high-loading catalysis systems. The performance and efficiency of TEMPO-containing materials strongly depend on the molecular structure, and thus rational design of such compounds is vital for successful implementation. We discuss synthetic approaches for producing electroactive polymers based on conductive and non-conductive backbones with organic radical substituents, fundamental aspects of electrochemistry of such materials, and their application in energy storage devices, such as batteries, redox-flow cells, and electrocatalytic systems. We compare the performance of the materials with different architectures, providing an overview of diverse charge interactions for hybrid materials, and presenting promising research opportunities for the future of this area.
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4
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Kim HJ, Perera K, Liang Z, Bowen B, Mei J, Boudouris BW. Radical Polymer-Based Organic Electrochemical Transistors. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:243-250. [PMID: 35574776 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are an emerging platform for bioelectronic applications. Significant effort has been placed in designing advanced polymers that simultaneously transport both charge and ions (i.e., macromolecules that are mixed conductors). However, the considerations for mixed organic conductors are often different from the established principles that are well-known in the solid-state organic electronics field; thus, the discovery of new OECT macromolecular systems is highly desired. Here, we demonstrate a new materials system by blending a radical polymer (i.e., a macromolecule with a nonconjugated backbone and with stable open-shell sites at its pendant group) with a frequently used conjugated polymer. Specifically, poly(4-glycidyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl) (PTEO) was blended with poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) to create thin films with distinct closed-shell and open-shell domains. Importantly, the sharp and unique oxidation-reduction (redox) potential associated with the radical moieties of the PTEO chain provided a distinct actuation feature to the blended films that modulated the ionic transport of the OECT devices. In turn, this led to controlled regulation of the doping of the P3HT phase in the composite film. By decoupling the ionic and electronic transport into two distinct phases and by using an ion transport phase with well-controlled redox activity, never-before-seen performance for a P3HT-based OECT was observed. That is, at loadings as low as 5% PTEO (by weight) OECTs achieved figure-of-merit (i.e., μC*) values >150 F V-1 cm-1 s-1, which place the performance on the same order as state-of-the-art conjugated polymers despite the relatively common conjugated macromolecular moiety implemented. As such, this effort presents a design platform by which to readily create a tailored OECT response through strategic macromolecular selection and polymer processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Joong Kim
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Kuluni Perera
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Zihao Liang
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Brennen Bowen
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jianguo Mei
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Bryan W. Boudouris
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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5
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Tan Y, Hsu SN, Tahir H, Dou L, Savoie BM, Boudouris BW. Electronic and Spintronic Open-Shell Macromolecules, Quo Vadis? J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:626-647. [PMID: 34982552 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Open-shell macromolecules (i.e., polymers containing radical sites either along their backbones or at the pendant sites of repeat units) have attracted significant attention owing to their intriguing chemical and physical (e.g., redox, optoelectronic, and magnetic) properties, and they have been proposed and/or implemented in a wide range of potential applications (e.g., energy storage devices, electronic systems, and spintronic modules). These successes span multiple disciplines that range from advanced macromolecular chemistry through nanoscale structural characterization and on to next-generation solid-state physics and the associated devices. In turn, this has allowed different scientific communities to expand the palette of radical-containing polymers relatively quickly. However, critical gaps remain on many fronts, especially regarding the elucidation of key structure-property-function relationships that govern the underlying electrochemical, optoelectronic, and spin phenomena in these materials systems. Here, we highlight vital developments in the history of open-shell macromolecules to explain the current state of the art in the field. Moreover, we provide a critical review of the successes and bring forward open opportunities that, if solved, could propel this class of materials in a meaningful manner. Finally, we provide an outlook to address where it seems most likely that open-shell macromolecules will go in the coming years. Our considered view is that the future of radical-containing polymers is extremely bright and the addition of talented researchers with diverse skills to the field will allow these materials and their end-use devices to have a positive impact on the global science and technology enterprise in a relatively rapid manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tan
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Sheng-Ning Hsu
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Hamas Tahir
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Letian Dou
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.,Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, 1205 West State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Brett M Savoie
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Bryan W Boudouris
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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7
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Tan Y, Casetti NC, Boudouris BW, Savoie BM. Molecular Design Features for Charge Transport in Nonconjugated Radical Polymers. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11994-12002. [PMID: 34279095 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Conducting polymers based on open-shell radical moieties exhibit potentially advantageous processing, stability, and optical attributes compared with conventional doped conjugated polymers. Despite their ascendance, reported radical conductors have been based almost exclusively on (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl (TEMPO), which raises fundamental questions regarding the ultimate limits of charge transport in these materials and whether some of the deficiencies exhibited by contemporary materials are due to the choice of radical chemistry. To address these questions, we have performed a density functional theory (DFT) study of the charge transfer characteristics of a broad range of open-shell chemistries relevant to radical conductors, including p-type, n-type, and ambipolar open-shell chemistries. We observe that far from being representative, TEMPO exhibits anomalously high reorganization energies due to strong charge localization. This, in turn, limits charge transfer in TEMPO compared with more delocalized open-shell species. By comprehensively mapping the dependence of charge transfer on radical-radical orientation, we have also identified a large mismatch between the conformations that are favored by intermolecular interactions and the conformations that maximize charge transfer in all of the open-shell chemistries investigated. These results suggest that significant opportunities exist to exploit directing interactions to promote charge transport in radical polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tan
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Nicholas C Casetti
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Bryan W Boudouris
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Brett M Savoie
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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9
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Zhao T, Zhu K, Yu X, Yuan X, Ren L. From Polymerization Inhibition to Controlled
Ring‐Opening
Metathesis Polymerization of Macromonomers with Tertiary Amine Groups: The Effect of Spacer Chain
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tengda Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Kongying Zhu
- Analysis and Measurement Center, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Xiaoliang Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Xiaoyan Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Lixia Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 China
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10
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Xie Y, Zhang K, Yamauchi Y, Oyaizu K, Jia Z. Nitroxide radical polymers for emerging plastic energy storage and organic electronics: fundamentals, materials, and applications. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:803-829. [PMID: 34821316 DOI: 10.1039/d0mh01391a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Increasing demand for portable and flexible electronic devices requires seamless integration of the energy storage system with other electronic components. This ever-growing area has urged on the rapid development of new electroactive materials that not only possess excellent electrochemical properties but hold capabilities to be fabricated to desired shapes. Ideally, these new materials should have minimal impact on the environment at the end of their life. Nitroxide radical polymers (NRPs) with their remarkable electrochemical and physical properties stand out from diverse organic redox systems and have attracted tremendous attention for their identified applications in plastic energy storage and organic devices. In this review, we present a comprehensive summary of NRPs with respect to the fundamental electrochemical properties, design principles and fabrication methods for different types of energy storage systems and organic electronic devices. While highlighting some exciting progress on charge transfer theory and emerging applications, we end up with a discussion on the challenges and opportunities regarding the future directions of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xie
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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11
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Depoorter J, Yan X, Zhang B, Sudre G, Charlot A, Fleury E, Bernard J. All poly(ionic liquid) block copolymer nanoparticles from antagonistic isomeric macromolecular blocks via aqueous RAFT polymerization-induced self-assembly. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00698j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
All-poly(ionic liquid) block copolymer nanoparticles are prepared by aqueous RAFT PISA using a couple of isomeric ionic liquid monomers leading to macromolecular building blocks with antagonistic solution behavior in water.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xibo Yan
- Univ Lyon
- INSA Lyon
- CNRS
- IMP UMR 5223
- Villeurbanne
| | - Biao Zhang
- Univ Lyon
- INSA Lyon
- CNRS
- IMP UMR 5223
- Villeurbanne
| | - Guillaume Sudre
- Univ Lyon
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
- CNRS
- IMP UMR 5223
- Villeurbanne
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12
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Magnan F, Dhindsa JS, Anghel M, Bazylewski P, Fanchini G, Gilroy JB. A divergent strategy for the synthesis of redox-active verdazyl radical polymers. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00217a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We describe a divergent synthetic strategy based on ATRP and CuAAC chemistry for the production of stable radical polymers. As a proof of concept, we prepare verdazyl radical polymers with properties suitable for use in organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Magnan
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Western Ontario
- London
- Canada
- The Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR)
| | - Jasveer S. Dhindsa
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Western Ontario
- London
- Canada
- The Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR)
| | - Michael Anghel
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Western Ontario
- London
- Canada
- The Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR)
| | - Paul Bazylewski
- The Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR)
- The University of Western Ontario
- London
- Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
| | - Giovanni Fanchini
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Western Ontario
- London
- Canada
- The Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR)
| | - Joe B. Gilroy
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Western Ontario
- London
- Canada
- The Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR)
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13
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Yu I, Jo Y, Ko J, Kim DY, Sohn D, Joo Y. Making Nonconjugated Small-Molecule Organic Radicals Conduct. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:5376-5382. [PMID: 32525687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Charge neutral, nonconjugated organic radicals have emerged as extremely useful active materials for solid-state electronic applications. This previous achievement confirmed the potential of radical-based macromolecules in organic electronic devices; however, charge transport in radical molecules has not been studied in great detail from a fundamental perspective. Here we demonstrate the charge transport in a nonconjugated organic small radical, 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl (h-TEMPO). The chemical component of this radical molecule allows us to form a single crystal via physical vapor deposition (PVD). While the charge transport of this macroscopic open-shell single crystal is rather low, thermal annealing of the well-defined single crystal enables the molecule to have a rapid charge transfer reaction due to the electronic communication of open-shell sites with each other, which results in electrical conductivities greater than 0.05 S m-1. This effort demonstrates a drastically different model than the commonly accepted conjugated polymers or molecules for the creation of next-generation conductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilhwan Yu
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 92 Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Yerin Jo
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 92 Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyoung Ko
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 92 Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Yoon Kim
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 92 Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Daewon Sohn
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongho Joo
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 92 Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
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14
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Chuang TH, Chiang YC, Hsieh HC, Isono T, Huang CW, Borsali R, Satoh T, Chen WC. Nanostructure- and Orientation-Controlled Resistive Memory Behaviors of Carbohydrate- block-Polystyrene with Different Molecular Weights via Solvent Annealing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:23217-23224. [PMID: 32326698 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c04551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report the resistive electrical memory characteristics controlled by the self-assembled nanostructures of maltoheptaose-block-polystyrene (MH-b-PS) block copolymers, where the MH and PS blocks provide the charge-trapping and the insulating tunneling layer, respectively. A simple solvent annealing process, with various annealing conditions, were introduced for MH-b-PS thin films to achieve disordered, orientated cylinders and ordered-packed spheres morphologies. More details about the self-assembled MH-b-PS nanostructures, coupled with different volume fractions between MH and PS blocks, were investigated using atomic force microscopy and grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering analyses. Moreover, various electrical memory behaviors including nonvolatile write-once-read-many-times (WORM) and Flash, and volatile dynamic-random-access-memory (DRAM) could be obtained by the same material (MH-b-PS3k). This study establishes a detailed relationship between the nanostructure of the MH-b-PS-based block copolymers and their memory behavior of the resistive memory devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Han Chuang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chi Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ching Hsieh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Takuya Isono
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Chao-Wei Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | | | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Wen-Chang Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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15
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Wang S, Easley AD, Lutkenhaus JL. 100th Anniversary of Macromolecular Science Viewpoint: Fundamentals for the Future of Macromolecular Nitroxide Radicals. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:358-370. [PMID: 35648551 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Macromolecular radicals, radical polymers, and polyradicals bear unique functionalities derived from their pendant radical groups. The increasing need for organic functional materials is driving the growth in research interest in macromolecular radicals for batteries, electronics, memory, and imaging. This Viewpoint summarizes the current state-of-knowledge regarding the macromolecular nitroxide radicals' redox mechanism, conductivity, chain conformation, controlled polymerization, network structure, conjugated forms, and applications. The nitroxide radical group is the focus because it is the most widely studied. Although most literature focuses upon applications, an emerging body of work is highlighting the fundamental physicochemical properties of macromolecular radicals. To this end, this Viewpoint recommends areas of opportunity in fundamental studies and best practices in reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyang Wang
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Alexandra D. Easley
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Jodie L. Lutkenhaus
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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16
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Suwa K, Oyaizu K, Segawa H, Nishide H. Anti-Oxidizing Radical Polymer-Incorporated Perovskite Layers and their Photovoltaic Characteristics in Solar Cells. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:5207-5212. [PMID: 31625275 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201901601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A small amount of a radical-bearing redox-active polymer, poly(1-oxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl methacrylate) (PTMA), incorporated into the photovoltaic organo-lead halide perovskite layer significantly enhanced durability of both the perovskite layer and its solar cell and even exposure to ambient air or oxygen. PTMA acted as an eliminating agent of the superoxide anion radical formed upon light irradiation on the layer, which can react with the perovskite compound and decompose it to lead halide. A cell fabricated with a PTMA-incorporated perovskite layer and a hole-transporting polytriarylamine layer gave a photovoltaic conversion efficiency of 18.8 % (18.2 % for the control without PTMA). The photovoltaic current was not reduced in the presence of PTMA in the perovskite layer probably owing to a carrier conductivity of PTMA. The incorporated PTMA also worked as a water-repelling coating for providing humidity-resistance to the organo-lead halide perovskite layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Suwa
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Kenichi Oyaizu
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Segawa
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nishide
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
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Carbazolevinylene and phenylenevinylene polymers by ring-opening metathesis polymerization and their characterization, nanoaggregates and optical and electrochemical properties. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Lyapkov AA, Bozhenkova GS, Smirnova NA, Prokudina NI, Yusubov MS, Verpoort F. Relative Reactivity of Dicyclopentadiene and 2,3-Dicarbomethoxy-5-norbornene in Metathesis Copolymerization and the Properties of the Copolymer. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES C 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1811238219010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Ponkratov DO, Shaplov AS, Vygodskii YS. Metathesis Polymerization in Ionic Media. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES C 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1811238219010144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Price TL, Choi UH, Schoonover DV, Wang D, Heflin JR, Xie R, Colby RH, Gibson HW. Studies of Ion Conductance in Polymers Derived from Norbornene Imidazolium Salts Containing Ethyleneoxy Moieties. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - U Hyeok Choi
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | | | | | | | - Renxuan Xie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Ralph H. Colby
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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21
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Price TL, Choi UH, Schoonover DV, Arunachalam M, Xie R, Lyle S, Colby RH, Gibson HW. Ion Conducting ROMP Monomers Based on (Oxa)norbornenes with Pendant Imidazolium Salts Connected via Oligo(oxyethylene) Units and with Oligo(ethyleneoxy) Terminal Moieties. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Terry L. Price
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovations Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - U Hyeok Choi
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Daniel V. Schoonover
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovations Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Murugan Arunachalam
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovations Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Renxuan Xie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Steven Lyle
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovations Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Ralph H. Colby
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Harry W. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovations Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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22
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Wang Z, Paquette JA, Staroverov VN, Gilroy JB, Sham TK. X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure Spectroscopy of a Stable 6-Oxoverdazyl Radical and Its Diamagnetic Precursor. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:323-328. [PMID: 30582809 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b11639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The electronic structure of 1,3,5-triphenyl-6-oxoverdazyl, a heteroatom-rich stable organic radical, and its diamagnetic 1,3,5-triphenyl-6-oxotetrazane precursor are probed using X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. The N K-edge XANES spectra of the 6-oxoverdazyl radical contain strong N 1s → π* resonances for each set of equivalent nitrogen atoms. The fact that these resonances are absent from the analogous spectra of the 6-oxotetrazane, whereas the O K-edge and C K-edge XANES spectra of both species are very similar, demonstrates that the unpaired electron of the radical is localized primarily on the N atoms of the 6-oxoverdazyl heterocycle. The O K-edge XANES spectra of both species contain strong O 1s → π* (C═O) peaks, but the peak of the radical is red-shifted by 0.5 eV relative to that of the 6-oxotetrazane, which indicates that the C═O bond in the radical is part of a larger π-conjugated system. The proposed interpretations of the XANES spectra are aided by density-functional calculations.
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23
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Nicolas C, Fontaine L, Montembault V. Nitroxide radical-containing polynorbornenes by ring-opening metathesis polymerization as stabilizing agents for polyolefins. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00769e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of original 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-containing dicarboximide norbornene monomers have been synthesized and polymerized via ring-opening metathesis polymerization using the Grubbs 3rd generation catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Nicolas
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM)
- UMR 6283 CNRS – Le Mans Université
- 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9
- France
| | - Laurent Fontaine
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM)
- UMR 6283 CNRS – Le Mans Université
- 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9
- France
| | - Véronique Montembault
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM)
- UMR 6283 CNRS – Le Mans Université
- 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9
- France
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24
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Chen X, Zhang K, Talley SJ, Orsino CM, Moore RB, Long TE. Quadruple hydrogen bonding containing supramolecular thermoplastic elastomers: Mechanical and morphological correlations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of ChemistryMacromolecules Innovation Institute (MII), Virginia Tech Blacksburg Virginia 24061
| | - Keren Zhang
- Department of ChemistryMacromolecules Innovation Institute (MII), Virginia Tech Blacksburg Virginia 24061
| | - Samantha J. Talley
- Department of ChemistryMacromolecules Innovation Institute (MII), Virginia Tech Blacksburg Virginia 24061
| | - Christina M. Orsino
- Department of ChemistryMacromolecules Innovation Institute (MII), Virginia Tech Blacksburg Virginia 24061
| | - Robert B. Moore
- Department of ChemistryMacromolecules Innovation Institute (MII), Virginia Tech Blacksburg Virginia 24061
| | - Timothy E. Long
- Department of ChemistryMacromolecules Innovation Institute (MII), Virginia Tech Blacksburg Virginia 24061
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25
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Gomez I, Leonet O, Alberto Blazquez J, Grande HJ, Mecerreyes D. Poly(anthraquinonyl sulfides): High Capacity Redox Polymers for Energy Storage. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:419-424. [PMID: 35619336 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Redox polymers with high energy storage capacity are searched in order to diminish the weight to the actual batteries. Poly(anthraquinonyl sulfide) PAQS is a popular redox polymer which has shown a high performance cathode for lithium, sodium and magnesium batteries. Although PAQS cathodes show high cycling stability it has a relatively low theoretical specific capacity of 225 mAh/g. In this paper we show the synthesis and characterization of new poly(anthraquinonyl sulfides) PAQxS in an attempt to improve the specific capacity of PAQS. Thus, a series of PAQxS polymers with different polysulfide segment lengths (x between 2 and 9 sulfur atoms) have been synthesized in high yields by reacting in situ formed sodium polysulfides with 1,5-dicholoroanthraquinone. The poly(anthraquinonyl sulfides) powders were characterized by ATR-FTIR, solid state 13C NMR for the organic part and Raman spectroscopy for the chalcogenide part. This characterization confirmed the chemical structure of the PAQxS based on an anthraquinone moiety bind together by polysulfide segments. The electrochemical characterization showed a dual reversible redox mechanism associated with both the anthraquinone and polysulfide electrochemistry. Finally, lithium coin cell battery test of the PAQxS redox polymers as cathodes indicated that the capacity of poly(anthraquinonyl sulfides) showed very high experimental initial capacity values above 600 mAh/g, less capacity loss than sulfur cathodes, and higher steady state capacity than PAQS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñaki Gomez
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Olatz Leonet
- CIDETEC Energy Storage, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Gipuzkoa, Po. Miramón 196, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - J. Alberto Blazquez
- CIDETEC Energy Storage, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Gipuzkoa, Po. Miramón 196, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Hans-Jürgen Grande
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- CIDETEC Energy Storage, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Gipuzkoa, Po. Miramón 196, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - David Mecerreyes
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48011, Bilbao, Spain
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26
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Qian W, Texter J, Yan F. Frontiers in poly(ionic liquid)s: syntheses and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:1124-1159. [PMID: 28180218 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00620e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 509] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We review recent works on the synthesis and application of poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs). Novel chemical structures, different synthetic strategies and controllable morphologies are introduced as a supplement to PIL systems already reported. The primary properties determining applications, such as ionic conductivity, aqueous solubility, thermodynamic stability and electrochemical/chemical durability, are discussed. Furthermore, the near-term applications of PILs in multiple fields, such as their use in electrochemical energy materials, stimuli-responsive materials, carbon materials, and antimicrobial materials, in catalysis, in sensors, in absorption and in separation materials, as well as several special-interest applications, are described in detail. We also discuss the limitations of PIL applications, efforts to improve PIL physics, and likely future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China.
| | - John Texter
- School of Engineering Technology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI 48197, USA
| | - Feng Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China.
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27
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Hansen KA, Blinco JP. Nitroxide radical polymers – a versatile material class for high-tech applications. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py02001e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive summary of synthetic strategies for the preparation of nitroxide radical polymer materials and a state-of-the-art perspective on their latest and most exciting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Anders Hansen
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - James P. Blinco
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology
- Brisbane
- Australia
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28
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Li N, Wang H, Qu X, Chen Y. Synthesis of Poly(norbornene-methylamine), a Biomimetic of Chitosan, by Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP). Mar Drugs 2017; 15:E223. [PMID: 28708109 PMCID: PMC5532665 DOI: 10.3390/md15070223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
ROMP is an effective method for preparing functional polymers due to its having characteristics of "living" polymerization and rapid development of catalysts. In the present work, poly(norbornene-methylamine), a mimic of chitosan, was synthesized via ROMP reaction. The amino-protected product, 5-norbornene-2-(N-methyl)-phthalimide, was prepared by a reaction of 5-norbornene-2-methylamine with phthalic anhydride, which was then subjected to the ROMP reaction in the presence of Hoveyda-Grubbs 2nd catalyst to afford poly(norbornene-(N-methyl)-phthalimide). The target product, poly(norbornene-methylamine), was obtained by deprotection reaction of poly(norbornene-(N-methyl)-phthalimide). The products in each step were characterized by FTIR and ¹H-NMR, and their thermal stabilities were determined by TG analysis. The effects of molar ratio between monomer ([M]/[I]) and catalyst on the average relative molecular weight ( M n ¯ ) and molecular weight distribution of the produced polymer products were determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). It was found that the M n ¯ of poly(norbornene-(N-methyl)-phthalimide) was controllable and exhibited a narrow polydispersity index (PDI) (~1.10). The synthesis condition of 5-norbornene-2-(N-methyl)-phthalimide was optimized by determining the yields at different reaction temperatures and reaction times. The highest yield was obtained at a reaction temperature of 130 °C and a reaction time of 20 min. Our work provides a new strategy to synthesize polymers with controllable structures and free -NH₂ groups via ROMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Huanhuan Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xiaosai Qu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
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29
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Liu JJ, Wei ZJ, Zhang YL, Meng Y, Di B. Dynamics of Polarons in Organic Conjugated Polymers with Side Radicals. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:2366-2370. [PMID: 28219010 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Based on the one-dimensional tight-binding Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model, and using the molecular dynamics method, we discuss the dynamics of electron and hole polarons propagating along a polymer chain, as a function of the distance between side radicals and the magnitude of the transfer integrals between the main chain and the side radicals. We first discuss the average velocities of electron and hole polarons as a function of the distance between side radicals. It is found that the average velocities of the electron polarons remain almost unchanged, while the average velocities of hole polarons decrease significantly when the radical distance is comparable to the polaron width. Second, we have found that the average velocities of electron polarons decrease with increasing transfer integral, but the average velocities of hole polarons increase. These results may provide a theoretical basis for understanding carriers transport properties in polymers chain with side radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Liu
- Institute for Nationalities Attached to Hebei Normal University , Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Z J Wei
- Shijiazhuang Institute of Technology , Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Y L Zhang
- College of Physics, Hebei Normal University , Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Y Meng
- Department of Physics, Xingtai University , Xingtai 054001, China
| | - B Di
- College of Physics, and Hebei Advanced Thin Films Laboratory, Hebei Normal University , Shijiazhuang 050024, China
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30
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Schroot R, Jäger M, Schubert US. Synthetic approaches towards structurally-defined electrochemically and (photo)redox-active polymer architectures. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:2754-2798. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00811a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This review details synthetic strategies leading to structurally-defined electrochemically and (photo)redox-active polymer architectures,e.g.block, graft and end functionalized (co)polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Schroot
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Michael Jäger
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena)
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena)
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31
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32
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Patil N, Cordella D, Aqil A, Debuigne A, Admassie S, Jérôme C, Detrembleur C. Surface- and Redox-Active Multifunctional Polyphenol-Derived Poly(ionic liquid)s: Controlled Synthesis and Characterization. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraj Patil
- Centre for Education
and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, Department
of Chemistry, University of Liege, Allée de la Chimie B6A, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Daniela Cordella
- Centre for Education
and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, Department
of Chemistry, University of Liege, Allée de la Chimie B6A, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Abdelhafid Aqil
- Centre for Education
and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, Department
of Chemistry, University of Liege, Allée de la Chimie B6A, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Antoine Debuigne
- Centre for Education
and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, Department
of Chemistry, University of Liege, Allée de la Chimie B6A, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Shimelis Admassie
- Biomolecular and organic electronics, IFM, Linköping University, S-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, PO Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Christine Jérôme
- Centre for Education
and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, Department
of Chemistry, University of Liege, Allée de la Chimie B6A, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Christophe Detrembleur
- Centre for Education
and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, Department
of Chemistry, University of Liege, Allée de la Chimie B6A, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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33
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Liedel C, Ober CK. Nanopatterning of Stable Radical Containing Block Copolymers for Highly Ordered Functional Nanomeshes. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Liedel
- Department
of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christopher K. Ober
- Materials
Science and Engineering, Cornell University, 310 Bard Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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34
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The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2014. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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35
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Shaplov AS, Ponkratov DO, Vygodskii YS. Poly(ionic liquid)s: Synthesis, properties, and application. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s156009041602007x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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36
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Meek KM, Elabd YA. Sulfonated Polymerized Ionic Liquid Block Copolymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2016; 37:1200-6. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M. Meek
- Department of Chemical Engineering Texas A & M University College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Yossef A. Elabd
- Department of Chemical Engineering Texas A & M University College Station TX 77843 USA
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37
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Wingate AJ, Boudouris BW. Recent advances in the syntheses of radical-containing macromolecules. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Wingate
- School of Chemical Engineering; Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana 47907
| | - Bryan W. Boudouris
- School of Chemical Engineering; Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana 47907
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38
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Paquette JA, Ezugwu S, Yadav V, Fanchini G, Gilroy JB. Synthesis, characterization, and thin-film properties of 6-oxoverdazyl polymers prepared by ring-opening metathesis polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A. Paquette
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Western Ontario; London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
- The Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR); The University of Western Ontario; London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Sabastine Ezugwu
- The Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR); The University of Western Ontario; London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; The University of Western Ontario; London Ontario N6A 3K7 Canada
| | - Vishal Yadav
- The Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR); The University of Western Ontario; London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; The University of Western Ontario; London Ontario N6A 3K7 Canada
| | - Giovanni Fanchini
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Western Ontario; London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
- The Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR); The University of Western Ontario; London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; The University of Western Ontario; London Ontario N6A 3K7 Canada
| | - Joe B. Gilroy
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Western Ontario; London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
- The Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR); The University of Western Ontario; London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
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39
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40
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Saha S, Ginzburg Y, Rozenberg I, Iliashevsky O, Ben-Asuly A, Gabriel Lemcoff N. Cross-linked ROMP polymers based on odourless dicyclopentadiene derivatives. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py00378h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxydicyclopentadiene (DCPD-OH) and some ester and ether derivatives were synthesized and used for the first time as ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) monomers to create cross-linked thermoset polymers with Ru-catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukdeb Saha
- Department of Chemistry
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
- Beer-Sheva 84105
- Israel
| | - Yakov Ginzburg
- Department of Chemistry
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
- Beer-Sheva 84105
- Israel
| | - Illya Rozenberg
- Department of Chemistry
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
- Beer-Sheva 84105
- Israel
| | - Olga Iliashevsky
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
- Beer-Sheva 84105
- Israel
| | - Amos Ben-Asuly
- Department of Chemistry
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
- Beer-Sheva 84105
- Israel
| | - N. Gabriel Lemcoff
- Department of Chemistry
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
- Beer-Sheva 84105
- Israel
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41
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Suga T, Aoki K, Yashiro T, Nishide H. “Click” Incorporation of Radical/Ionic Sites into a Reactive Block Copolymer: A Facile and On-Demand Domain Functionalization Approach toward Organic Resistive Memory. Macromol Rapid Commun 2015; 37:53-59. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Suga
- Waseda Institute for Advanced Study (WIAS); Waseda University; Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Kohei Aoki
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Waseda University; Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Toshiaki Yashiro
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Waseda University; Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nishide
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Waseda University; Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
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42
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Kalow JA, Swager TM. Synthesis of Miktoarm Branched Conjugated Copolymers by ROMPing In and Out. ACS Macro Lett 2015; 4:1229-1233. [PMID: 26523242 PMCID: PMC4627642 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Architecture represents an underutilized yet promising control element in polymer design due to the challenging synthesis of compositionally varied branched copolymers. We report the one-pot synthesis of miktoarm branched polymers by ring-opening metathesis polymerization. In this work, we graft to and from telechelic poly(3-hexylthiophene), which is end-capped by oxime click chemistry, using various norbornene monomers. The self-assembly of the resulting miktoarm H-shaped conjugated polymers is studied in solution and in the solid state. A dual stimuli-responsive miktoarm polymer is prepared which displays pH-switchable lower critical solution temperature and fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A. Kalow
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Timothy M. Swager
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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43
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Suga T, Aoki K, Nishide H. Ionic Liquid-Triggered Redox Molecule Placement in Block Copolymer Nanotemplates toward an Organic Resistive Memory. ACS Macro Lett 2015; 4:892-896. [PMID: 35596453 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The integration of functional components such as metal nanoparticles, metal salts, or ionic liquids with well-defined block copolymer (BCP) nanotemplates via noncovalent bond interactions has afforded hybrid functional materials. Here, we designed an ionic liquid (IL)-functionalized redox-active TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxy) radical (guest), investigated phase-selective incorporation/placement into host BCP nanostructured matrices, and established a rational approach to functionalize BCP templates. On-demand domain functionalization of poly(styrene-b-ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO) was triggered by ion-ionophore interaction, as verified by the suppression of PEO melting transition in DSC, and the swelling behavior of the PEO spherical domain in AFM, TEM, and X-ray scattering characterizations. The obtained BCP layer containing the redox-active TEMPO and IL was utilized as an active layer in the diode-structured memory device, which exhibited on/off resistive switching (on/off ratio >103). Systematic placement of TEMPO and IL in the BCP spherical domain allowed for tuning of the switching characteristics and revealed that the formation of a discontinuous redox-active domain was critical for rewritable resistive switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Suga
- Waseda Institute for Advanced Study (WIAS) and ‡Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Kohei Aoki
- Waseda Institute for Advanced Study (WIAS) and ‡Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nishide
- Waseda Institute for Advanced Study (WIAS) and ‡Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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44
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Facile grafting-onto-preparation of block copolymers of TEMPO and glycidyl methacrylates on an oxide substrate as an electrode-active layer. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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45
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Chi HY, Hsu HW, Tung SH, Liu CL. Nonvolatile organic field-effect transistors memory devices using supramolecular block copolymer/functional small molecule nanocomposite electret. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:5663-5673. [PMID: 25711539 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) memory devices based on hybrid nanocomposite electret were fabricated by cooperative supramolecular polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P4VP) with two different block compositions (asymmetric L1 and symmetric L2) that contain hydroxyl-functionalized ferrocene small molecules (FMs). Because of the selective hydrogen interaction between the hydroxyl groups of FM and pyridine groups in P4VP block, the small FMs can preferentially disperse in the P4VP nanodomain, which can be used as nanostructured charge-trapping nanocomposite electret (L1-FMX and L2-FMX) under solvent-annealing process. The charge-storage functionalities can be easily tailored by morphologies of the hybrid nanocomposite thin film and spatial distribution of the FM molecules in which the relative molecular mass of block copolymers and the FM loading ratio can further control both of them. These block copolymer nanocomposite thin film electrets with charge-controlling guest FM for OFETs memory devices exhibit significant features including the ternary bits storage, high-density trapping sites, charge-carrier trapping of both polarities (ambipolar trapping), and solution processing that can make important progress for future advanced storage and memory technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yen Chi
- †Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001 Taiwan
| | - Han-Wen Hsu
- †Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001 Taiwan
| | - Shih-Huang Tung
- ‡Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Liang Liu
- †Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001 Taiwan
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46
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Bertrand O, Ernould B, Boujioui F, Vlad A, Gohy JF. Synthesis of polymer precursors of electroactive materials by SET-LRP. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00896d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
SET-LRP is used for the controlled copolymerisation of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl methacrylate (TMPM) with 3-azidopropyl methacrylate (AzPMA), followed by the oxidation of TMPM to produce electroactive poly(TEMPO methacrylate) (PTMA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Bertrand
- Institute of condensed Matter and Nanoscience (IMCN)
- Bio- and Soft Matter (BSMA)
- Université catholique de Louvain
- 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve
- Belgium
| | - Bruno Ernould
- Institute of condensed Matter and Nanoscience (IMCN)
- Bio- and Soft Matter (BSMA)
- Université catholique de Louvain
- 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve
- Belgium
| | - Fadoi Boujioui
- Institute of condensed Matter and Nanoscience (IMCN)
- Bio- and Soft Matter (BSMA)
- Université catholique de Louvain
- 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve
- Belgium
| | - Alexandru Vlad
- Information and Communication Technologies
- Electronics and Applied Mathematics (ICTEAM)
- Université catholique de Louvain
- 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve
- Belgium
| | - Jean-François Gohy
- Institute of condensed Matter and Nanoscience (IMCN)
- Bio- and Soft Matter (BSMA)
- Université catholique de Louvain
- 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve
- Belgium
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47
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Cordella D, Kermagoret A, Debuigne A, Riva R, German I, Isik M, Jérôme C, Mecerreyes D, Taton D, Detrembleur C. Direct Route to Well-Defined Poly(ionic liquid)s by Controlled Radical Polymerization in Water. ACS Macro Lett 2014; 3:1276-1280. [PMID: 35610840 DOI: 10.1021/mz500721r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The precision synthesis of poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) in water is achieved for the first time by the cobalt-mediated radical polymerization (CMRP) of N-vinyl-3-alkylimidazolium-type monomers following two distinct protocols. The first involves the CMRP of various 1-vinyl-3-alkylimidazolium bromides conducted in water in the presence of an alkyl-cobalt(III) complex acting as a monocomponent initiator and mediating agent. Excellent control over molar mass and dispersity is achieved at 30 °C. Polymerizations are complete in a few hours, and PIL chain-end fidelity is demonstrated up to high monomer conversions. The second route uses the commercially available bis(acetylacetonato)cobalt(II) (Co(acac)2) in conjunction with a simple hydroperoxide initiator (tert-butyl hydroperoxide) at 30, 40, and 50 °C in water, facilitating the scaling-up of the technology. Both routes prove robust and straightforward, opening new perspectives onto the tailored synthesis of PILs under mild experimental conditions in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Cordella
- Center
for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), Chemistry Department, University of Liege (ULg), Sart-Tilman, B6a, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Anthony Kermagoret
- Center
for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), Chemistry Department, University of Liege (ULg), Sart-Tilman, B6a, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Antoine Debuigne
- Center
for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), Chemistry Department, University of Liege (ULg), Sart-Tilman, B6a, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Raphaël Riva
- Center
for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), Chemistry Department, University of Liege (ULg), Sart-Tilman, B6a, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Ian German
- Center
for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), Chemistry Department, University of Liege (ULg), Sart-Tilman, B6a, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Mehmet Isik
- Institute
for Polymer Materials (POLYMAT), University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-san Sebastian, Spain
| | - Christine Jérôme
- Center
for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), Chemistry Department, University of Liege (ULg), Sart-Tilman, B6a, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - David Mecerreyes
- Institute
for Polymer Materials (POLYMAT), University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-san Sebastian, Spain
| | - Daniel Taton
- Laboratoire
de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), IPB-ENSCBP, Université de Bordeaux, F-33607 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Christophe Detrembleur
- Center
for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), Chemistry Department, University of Liege (ULg), Sart-Tilman, B6a, 4000 Liege, Belgium
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48
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Rostro L, Galicia L, Boudouris BW. Suppressing the environmental dependence of the open-circuit voltage in inverted polymer solar cells through a radical polymer anodic modifier. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lizbeth Rostro
- School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana 47907
| | - Lucio Galicia
- School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana 47907
| | - Bryan W. Boudouris
- School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana 47907
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49
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Tomlinson EP, Hay ME, Boudouris BW. Radical Polymers and Their Application to Organic Electronic Devices. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma5014572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward P. Tomlinson
- School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Martha E. Hay
- School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Bryan W. Boudouris
- School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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