1
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Tolba MM, Jabbar A, Afzal S, Mahmoud M, Zulfiqar F, El-Soudany I, Samir S, Wadan AHS, Ellakwa TE, Ellakwa DES. A promising RNA nanotechnology in clinical therapeutics: a future perspective narrative review. Future Sci OA 2023; 9:FSO883. [PMID: 37621841 PMCID: PMC10445585 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2023-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is the use of materials that have unique nanoscale properties. In recent years, nanotechnologies have shown promising results for human health, especially in cancer treatment. The self-assembly characteristic of RNA is a powerful bottom-up approach to the design and creation of nanostructures through interdisciplinary biological, chemical and physical techniques. The use of RNA nanotechnology in therapeutics is about to be realized. This review discusses different kinds of nano-based drug delivery systems and their characteristic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M Tolba
- Pharmaceutical Division, Ministry of health & population, Faiyum, Egypt
| | - Abdul Jabbar
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Afzal
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Science, Women University Multan
| | | | - Farheen Zulfiqar
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences Lahore Punjab Pakistan
| | - Ingy El-Soudany
- Microbiology & Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Salma Samir
- Genetics & Genetic engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University
| | | | - Takwa E Ellakwa
- Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Egypt
| | - Doha El-Sayed Ellakwa
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Kantra Branch, Ismailia, Egypt
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2
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Li B, Zhang G, Wang Z, Li Z, Chen R, Qin C, Gao Y, Xiao L, Jia S. Suppressing the Fluorescence Blinking of Single Quantum Dots Encased in N-type Semiconductor Nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32662. [PMID: 27605471 PMCID: PMC5015025 DOI: 10.1038/srep32662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
N-type semiconductor indium tin oxide (ITO) nanoparticles are used to effectively suppress the fluorescence blinking of single near-infrared-emitting CdSeTe/ZnS core/shell quantum dots (QDs), where the ITO could block the electron transfer from excited QDs to trap states and facilitate more rapid regeneration of neutral QDs by back electron transfer. The average blinking rate of QDs is significantly reduced by more than an order of magnitude and the largest proportion of on-state is 98%, while the lifetime is not considerably reduced. Furthermore, an external electron transfer model is proposed to analyze the possible effect of radiative, nonradiative, and electron transfer pathways on fluorescence blinking. Theoretical analysis based on the model combined with measured results gives a quantitative insight into the blinking mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Guofeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiyun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengbing Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Liantuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Suotang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, People's Republic of China
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3
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Young RM, Jensen SC, Edme K, Wu Y, Krzyaniak MD, Vermeulen NA, Dale EJ, Stoddart JF, Weiss EA, Wasielewski MR, Co DT. Ultrafast Two-Electron Transfer in a CdS Quantum Dot-Extended-Viologen Cyclophane Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:6163-70. [PMID: 27111529 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b13386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved optical spectroscopies reveal multielectron transfer from the biexcitonic state of a CdS quantum dot to an adsorbed tetracationic compound cyclobis(4,4'-(1,4-phenylene) bipyridin-1-ium-1,4-phenylene-bis(methylene)) (ExBox(4+)) to form both the ExBox(3+•) and the doubly reduced ExBox(2(+•)) states from a single laser pulse. Electron transfer in the single-exciton regime occurs in 1 ps. At higher excitation powers the second electron transfer takes ∼5 ps, which leads to a mixture of redox states of the acceptor ligand. The doubly reduced ExBox(2(+•)) state has a lifetime of ∼10 ns, while CdS(+•):ExBox(3+•) recombines with multiple time constants, the longest of which is ∼300 μs. The long-lived charge separation and ability to accumulate multiple charges on ExBox(4+) demonstrate the potential of the CdS:ExBox(4+) complex to serve as a platform for two-electron photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Young
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Stephen C Jensen
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Kedy Edme
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Yilei Wu
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Matthew D Krzyaniak
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Nicolaas A Vermeulen
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Edward J Dale
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Emily A Weiss
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Dick T Co
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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4
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Si HY, Wang LJ, Feng WJ, Zhang HL, Zhu H, Zhao JJ, Ding ZL, Li YT. Facilely controlling the Förster energy transfer efficiency of dendron encapsulated conjugated organic molecular wire–CdSe quantum dot nanostructures. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj01888e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
On Den-OPE–CdSe nanostructures, as the size of the dendrimer increases, the energy transfer efficiency from Den-OPEs to CdSe QDs enhances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Yan Si
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shijiazhuang Tiedao University
- Shijiazhuang 050043
- China
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Traffic Engineering materials
| | - Le-Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- 730000 Lanzhou
- China
| | - Wen-Jie Feng
- Mechanics Engineering Department
- Shijiazhuang Tiedao University
- Shijiazhuang 050043
- China
| | - Hao-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- 730000 Lanzhou
- China
| | - Hao Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shijiazhuang Tiedao University
- Shijiazhuang 050043
- China
| | - Jin-Jin Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shijiazhuang Tiedao University
- Shijiazhuang 050043
- China
| | - Zhan-Lai Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shijiazhuang Tiedao University
- Shijiazhuang 050043
- China
| | - Yan-Ting Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shijiazhuang Tiedao University
- Shijiazhuang 050043
- China
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5
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Puodziukynaite E, Wang HW, Lawrence J, Wise AJ, Russell TP, Barnes MD, Emrick T. Azulene Methacrylate Polymers: Synthesis, Electronic Properties, and Solar Cell Fabrication. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:11043-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja504670k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Egle Puodziukynaite
- Polymer Science and
Engineering Department and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Hsin-Wei Wang
- Polymer Science and
Engineering Department and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Jimmy Lawrence
- Polymer Science and
Engineering Department and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Adam J. Wise
- Polymer Science and
Engineering Department and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Thomas P. Russell
- Polymer Science and
Engineering Department and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Michael D. Barnes
- Polymer Science and
Engineering Department and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Todd Emrick
- Polymer Science and
Engineering Department and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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6
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Zhu H, Song N, Lian T. Charging of Quantum Dots by Sulfide Redox Electrolytes Reduces Electron Injection Efficiency in Quantum Dot Sensitized Solar Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:11461-4. [DOI: 10.1021/ja405026x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Nianhui Song
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Tianquan Lian
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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7
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Nanoscale imaging and spontaneous emission control with a single nano-positioned quantum dot. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1447. [PMID: 23385591 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmonic nanostructures confine light on the nanoscale, enabling ultra-compact optical devices that exhibit strong light-matter interactions. Quantum dots are ideal for probing plasmonic devices because of their nanoscopic size and desirable emission properties. However, probing with single quantum dots has remained challenging because their small size also makes them difficult to manipulate. Here we demonstrate the use of quantum dots as on-demand probes for imaging plasmonic nanostructures, as well as for realizing spontaneous emission control at the single emitter level with nanoscale spatial accuracy. A single quantum dot is positioned with microfluidic flow control to probe the local density of optical states of a silver nanowire, achieving 12 nm imaging accuracy. The high spatial accuracy of this scanning technique enables a new method for spontaneous emission control where interference of counter-propagating surface plasmon polaritons results in spatial oscillations of the quantum dot lifetime as it is positioned along the wire axis.
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8
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Marshall JD, Schnitzer MJ. Optical strategies for sensing neuronal voltage using quantum dots and other semiconductor nanocrystals. ACS NANO 2013; 7:4601-9. [PMID: 23614672 PMCID: PMC5731486 DOI: 10.1021/nn401410k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Biophysicists have long sought optical methods capable of reporting the electrophysiological dynamics of large-scale neural networks with millisecond-scale temporal resolution. Existing fluorescent sensors of cell membrane voltage can report action potentials in individual cultured neurons, but limitations in brightness and dynamic range of both synthetic organic and genetically encoded voltage sensors have prevented concurrent monitoring of spiking activity across large populations of individual neurons. Here we propose a novel, inorganic class of fluorescent voltage sensors: semiconductor nanoparticles, such as ultrabright quantum dots (qdots). Our calculations revealed that transmembrane electric fields characteristic of neuronal spiking (~10 mV/nm) modulate a qdot's electronic structure and can induce ~5% changes in its fluorescence intensity and ~1 nm shifts in its emission wavelength, depending on the qdot's size, composition, and dielectric environment. Moreover, tailored qdot sensors composed of two different materials can exhibit substantial (~30%) changes in fluorescence intensity during neuronal spiking. Using signal detection theory, we show that conventional qdots should be capable of reporting voltage dynamics with millisecond precision across several tens or more individual neurons over a range of optical and neurophysiological conditions. These results unveil promising avenues for imaging spiking dynamics in neural networks and merit in-depth experimental investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse D. Marshall
- James H. Clark Center, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Address correspondence to: ,
| | - Mark J. Schnitzer
- James H. Clark Center, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- CNC Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Address correspondence to: ,
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9
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Bhattacharyya S, Paramanik B, Kundu S, Patra A. Energy/Hole Transfer Phenomena in Hybrid α-Sexithiophene (α-STH) Nanoparticle-CdTe Quantum-Dot Nanocomposites. Chemphyschem 2012; 13:4155-62. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201200694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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10
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Xu Z, Hine CR, Maye MM, Meng Q, Cotlet M. Shell thickness dependent photoinduced hole transfer in hybrid conjugated polymer/quantum dot nanocomposites: from ensemble to single hybrid level. ACS NANO 2012; 6:4984-4992. [PMID: 22686521 DOI: 10.1021/nn300525b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced hole transfer is investigated in inorganic/organic hybrid nanocomposites of colloidal CdSe/ZnS quantum dots and a cationic conjugated polymer, poly(9,9'-bis(6-N,N,N-trimethylammoniumhexyl)fluorene-alt-phenylene, in solution and in solid thin film, and down to the single hybrid level and is assessed to be a dynamic quenching process. We demonstrate control of hole transfer rate in these quantum dot/conjugated polymer hybrids by using a series of core/shell quantum dots with varying shell thickness, for which a clear exponential dependency of the hole transfer rate vs shell thickness is observed, for both solution and thin-film situations. Furthermore, we observe an increase of hole-transfer rate from solution to film and correlate this with changes in quantum dot/polymer interfacial morphology affecting the hole transfer rate, namely, the donor-acceptor distance. Single particle spectroscopy experiments reveal fluctuating dynamics of hole transfer at the single conjugated polymer/quantum dot interface and an increased heterogeneity in the hole-transfer rate with the increase of the quantum dot's shell thickness. Although hole transfer quenches the photoluminescence intensity of quantum dots, it causes little or no effect on their blinking behavior over the time scales probed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Xu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
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11
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Barnes MD, Baghar M. Optical probes of chain packing structure and exciton dynamics in polythiophene films, composites, and nanostructures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Yalcin SE, Labastide JA, Sowle DL, Barnes MD. Spectral properties of multiply charged semiconductor quantum dots. NANO LETTERS 2011; 11:4425-30. [PMID: 21905683 DOI: 10.1021/nl2026103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Spectrally resolved fluorescence imaging of single CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs), charged by electrospray deposition under negative bias has revealed a surprising net blue shift (∼60 meV peak-to-peak) in the distribution of center frequencies in QD band-edge luminescence. Electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) on the electrospray QD samples showed a subpopulation of charged QDs with 4.7 ± 0.7 excess electrons, as well as a significant fraction of uncharged QDs as evidenced by the distinct cantilever response under bias. We show that the blue-shifted peak recombination energy can be understood as a first-order electronic perturbation that affects the band-edge electron- and hole-states differently. These studies provide new insight into the role of electronic perturbations of QD luminescence by excess charges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Ebru Yalcin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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13
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High photoelectric conversion efficiency of metal phthalocyanine/fullerene heterojunction photovoltaic device. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:476-505. [PMID: 21339999 PMCID: PMC3039965 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12010476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Revised: 12/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper introduces the fundamental physical characteristics of organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. Photoelectric conversion efficiency is crucial to the evaluation of quality in OPV devices, and enhancing efficiency has been spurring on researchers to seek alternatives to this problem. In this paper, we focus on organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices and review several approaches to enhance the energy conversion efficiency of small molecular heterojunction OPV devices based on an optimal metal-phthalocyanine/fullerene (C60) planar heterojunction thin film structure. For the sake of discussion, these mechanisms have been divided into electrical and optical sections: (1) Electrical: Modification on electrodes or active regions to benefit carrier injection, charge transport and exciton dissociation; (2) Optical: Optional architectures or infilling to promote photon confinement and enhance absorption.
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14
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Chandler EV, Durfee CG, Squier JA. Integrated spectrometer design with application to multiphoton microscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:118-127. [PMID: 21263548 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.000118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We present a prism-based spectrometer integrated into a multifocal, multiphoton microscope. The multifocal configuration facilitates interrogation of samples under different excitation conditions. Notably, the image plane of the microscope and the image plane of the spectrometer are coincident eliminating the need for an intermediate image plane containing an entrance slit. An EM-CCD detector provides sufficient gain for spectral interrogation of single-emitters. We employ this spectrometer to observe spectral shifts in the two-photon excitation fluorescence emission of single CdSe nanodots as a function of excitation polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric V Chandler
- Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA.
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15
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He M, Qiu F, Lin Z. Conjugated rod–coil and rod–rod block copolymers for photovoltaic applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm11518a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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