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Miura M, Eley S, Iida K, Hanzawa K, Matsumoto J, Hiramatsu H, Ogimoto Y, Suzuki T, Kobayashi T, Ozaki T, Kurokawa H, Sekiya N, Yoshida R, Kato T, Okada T, Okazaki H, Yamaki T, Hänisch J, Awaji S, Maeda A, Maiorov B, Hosono H. Quadrupling the depairing current density in the iron-based superconductor SmFeAsO 1-xH x. NATURE MATERIALS 2024; 23:1370-1378. [PMID: 39026087 PMCID: PMC11442304 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01952-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Iron-based 1111-type superconductors display high critical temperatures and relatively high critical current densities Jc. The typical approach to increasing Jc is to introduce defects to control dissipative vortex motion. However, when optimized, this approach is theoretically predicted to be limited to achieving a maximum Jc of only ∼30% of the depairing current density Jd, which depends on the coherence length and the penetration depth. Here we dramatically boost Jc in SmFeAsO1-xHx films using a thermodynamic approach aimed at increasing Jd and incorporating vortex pinning centres. Specifically, we reduce the penetration depth, coherence length and critical field anisotropy by increasing the carrier density through high electron doping using H substitution. Remarkably, the quadrupled Jd reaches 415 MA cm-2, a value comparable to cuprates. Finally, by introducing defects using proton irradiation, we obtain high Jc values in fields up to 25 T. We apply this method to other iron-based superconductors and achieve a similar enhancement of current densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Miura
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Seikei University, Tokyo, Japan.
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA.
- Fusion Oriented REsearch for disruptive Science and Technology (FOREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Serena Eley
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Kazumasa Iida
- College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kota Hanzawa
- Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jumpei Matsumoto
- Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hidenori Hiramatsu
- Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
- MDX Research Center for Element Strategy, International Research Frontiers Initiative, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuki Ogimoto
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Seikei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takumi Suzuki
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Seikei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kobayashi
- Department of Basic Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hodaka Kurokawa
- The Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naoto Sekiya
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
| | - Ryuji Yoshida
- Nanostructures Research Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramics Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takeharu Kato
- Nanostructures Research Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramics Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Okada
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Okazaki
- Takasaki Institute for Advanced Quantum Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Takasaki, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yamaki
- Takasaki Institute for Advanced Quantum Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Takasaki, Japan
| | - Jens Hänisch
- Institute for Technical Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Satoshi Awaji
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsutaka Maeda
- Department of Basic Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Boris Maiorov
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Hideo Hosono
- MDX Research Center for Element Strategy, International Research Frontiers Initiative, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
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2
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Hou Y, Nichele F, Chi H, Lodesani A, Wu Y, Ritter MF, Haxell DZ, Davydova M, Ilić S, Glezakou-Elbert O, Varambally A, Bergeret FS, Kamra A, Fu L, Lee PA, Moodera JS. Ubiquitous Superconducting Diode Effect in Superconductor Thin Films. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:027001. [PMID: 37505965 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.027001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The macroscopic coherence in superconductors supports dissipationless supercurrents that could play a central role in emerging quantum technologies. Accomplishing unequal supercurrents in the forward and backward directions would enable unprecedented functionalities. This nonreciprocity of critical supercurrents is called the superconducting (SC) diode effect. We demonstrate the strong SC diode effect in conventional SC thin films, such as niobium and vanadium, employing external magnetic fields as small as 1 Oe. Interfacing the SC layer with a ferromagnetic semiconductor EuS, we further accomplish the nonvolatile SC diode effect reaching a giant efficiency of 65%. By careful control experiments and theoretical modeling, we demonstrate that the critical supercurrent nonreciprocity in SC thin films could be easily accomplished with asymmetrical vortex edge and surface barriers and the universal Meissner screening current governing the critical currents. Our engineering of the SC diode effect in simple systems opens the door for novel technologies while revealing the ubiquity of the Meissner screening effect induced SC diode effect in superconducting films, and it should be eliminated with great care in the search for exotic superconducting states harboring finite-momentum Cooper pairing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasen Hou
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory and Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Fabrizio Nichele
- IBM Research Europe - Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - Hang Chi
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory and Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- U.S. Army DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, Maryland 20783, USA
| | - Alessandro Lodesani
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory and Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Yingying Wu
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory and Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Markus F Ritter
- IBM Research Europe - Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Z Haxell
- IBM Research Europe - Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - Margarita Davydova
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Stefan Ilić
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM-MPC), Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, Pº Manuel de Lardizabal 5, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | | | | | - F Sebastian Bergeret
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM-MPC), Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, Pº Manuel de Lardizabal 5, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Akashdeep Kamra
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC) and Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Liang Fu
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Patrick A Lee
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Jagadeesh S Moodera
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory and Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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3
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He X, Wen Y, Zhang C, Lai Z, Chudnovsky EM, Zhang X. Enhancement of critical current density in a superconducting NbSe 2 step junction. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:12076-12082. [PMID: 32478360 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr03902k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the transport properties of a NbSe2 nanodevice consisting of a thin region, a thick region and a step junction. The superconducting critical current density of each region of the nanodevice has been studied as a function of temperature and magnetic field. We find that the critical current density has similar values for both the thin and thick regions away from the junction, while the critical current density of the thin region of the junction increases to approximately 1.8 times as compared with the values obtained for the other regions. We attribute such an enhancement of critical current density to the vortex pinning at the surface step. Our study verifies the enhancement of the critical current density by the geometrical-type pinning and sheds light on the application of 2D superconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Yan Wen
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Chenhui Zhang
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Zhiping Lai
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Eugene M Chudnovsky
- Physics Department, Lehman College and Graduate School, The City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, New York 10468-1589, USA.
| | - Xixiang Zhang
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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Rouco V, Navau C, Del-Valle N, Massarotti D, Papari GP, Stornaiuolo D, Obradors X, Puig T, Tafuri F, Sanchez A, Palau A. Depairing Current at High Magnetic Fields in Vortex-Free High-Temperature Superconducting Nanowires. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:4174-4179. [PMID: 31185574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Superconductors are essential in many present and future technologies, from large-scale devices for medical imaging, accelerators, or fusion experiments to ultra-low-power superconducting electronics. However, their potential applicability, and particularly that of high-temperature superconductors (HTS), is severely affected by limited performances at large magnetic fields and high temperatures, where their use is most needed. One of the main reasons for these limitations is the presence of quantized vortices, whose movements result in losses, internal noise, and reduced performances. The conventional strategy to overcome the flow of vortices is to pin them along artificial defects. Here, we theoretically and experimentally demonstrate that critical-current density in high-temperature superconductors can reach unprecedented high values at high fields and temperatures by preventing vortex entry. By tailoring the geometry, that is, reducing the width, W, of nanowire-patterned HTS films, the range of the Meissner state, for which no vortices are present, is extended up to very large applied field values, on the order of ∼1 T. Current densities on the order of the depairing current can be sustained under high fields for a wide range of temperatures. Results may be relevant both for devising new conductors carrying depairing-current values at high temperatures and large magnetic fields and for reducing flux noise in sensors and quantum systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Rouco
- Dipartimento di Fisica , Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II , 80126 Napoli , Italy
| | - Carles Navau
- Departament de Fisica , Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona , 08193 Bellaterra , Catalonia , Spain
| | - Nuria Del-Valle
- Departament de Fisica , Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona , 08193 Bellaterra , Catalonia , Spain
| | - Davide Massarotti
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e delle Tecnologie dell'Informazione , Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II , 80125 Napoli , Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Papari
- Dipartimento di Fisica , Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II , 80126 Napoli , Italy
| | - Daniela Stornaiuolo
- Dipartimento di Fisica , Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II , 80126 Napoli , Italy
| | - Xavier Obradors
- Insitut de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona , CSIC, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra , Catalonia , Spain
| | - Teresa Puig
- Insitut de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona , CSIC, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra , Catalonia , Spain
| | - Francesco Tafuri
- Dipartimento di Fisica , Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II , 80126 Napoli , Italy
| | - Alvaro Sanchez
- Departament de Fisica , Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona , 08193 Bellaterra , Catalonia , Spain
| | - Anna Palau
- Insitut de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona , CSIC, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra , Catalonia , Spain
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5
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Nam H, Chen H, Adams PW, Guan SY, Chuang TM, Chang CS, MacDonald AH, Shih CK. Geometric quenching of orbital pair breaking in a single crystalline superconducting nanomesh network. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5431. [PMID: 30575727 PMCID: PMC6303408 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07778-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In a superconductor Cooper pairs condense into a single state and in so doing support dissipation free charge flow and perfect diamagnetism. In a magnetic field the minimum kinetic energy of the Cooper pairs increases, producing an orbital pair breaking effect. We show that it is possible to significantly quench the orbital pair breaking effect for both parallel and perpendicular magnetic fields in a thin film superconductor with lateral nanostructure on a length scale smaller than the magnetic length. By growing an ultra-thin (2 nm thick) single crystalline Pb nanowire network, we establish nm scale lateral structure without introducing weak links. Our network suppresses orbital pair breaking for both perpendicular and in-plane fields with a negligible reduction in zero-field resistive critical temperatures. Our study opens a frontier in nanoscale superconductivity by providing a strategy for maintaining pairing in strong field environments in all directions with important technological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoungdo Nam
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Philip W Adams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Syu-You Guan
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, 11529, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Ming Chuang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, 11529, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Seng Chang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, 11529, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Allan H MacDonald
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Chih-Kang Shih
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
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6
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Kalcheim Y, Katzir E, Zeides F, Katz N, Paltiel Y, Millo O. Dynamic Control of the Vortex Pinning Potential in a Superconductor Using Current Injection through Nanoscale Patterns. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:2934-2939. [PMID: 28406304 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Control over the vortex potential at the nanoscale in a superconductor is a subject of great interest for both fundamental and technological reasons. Many methods for achieving artificial pinning centers have been demonstrated, for example, with magnetic nanostructures or engineered imperfections, yielding many intriguing effects. However, these pinning mechanisms do not offer dynamic control over the strength of the patterned vortex potential because they involve static nanostructures created in or near the superconductor. Dynamic control has been achieved with scanning probe methods on the single vortex level but these are difficult so scale up. Here, we show that by applying controllable nanopatterned current injection, the superconductor can be locally driven out of equilibrium, creating an artificial vortex potential that can be tuned by the magnitude of the injected current, yielding a unique vortex channeling effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoav Kalcheim
- Racah Institute of Physics and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanothechnology and ‡Applied Physics Department and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanothechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Eran Katzir
- Racah Institute of Physics and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanothechnology and ‡Applied Physics Department and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanothechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Felix Zeides
- Racah Institute of Physics and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanothechnology and ‡Applied Physics Department and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanothechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Nadav Katz
- Racah Institute of Physics and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanothechnology and ‡Applied Physics Department and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanothechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Yossi Paltiel
- Racah Institute of Physics and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanothechnology and ‡Applied Physics Department and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanothechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Oded Millo
- Racah Institute of Physics and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanothechnology and ‡Applied Physics Department and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanothechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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7
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Nande A, Fostner S, Grigg J, Smith A, Temst K, Bael MJV, Brown SA. Quantum fluctuations in percolating superconductors: an evolution with effective dimensionality. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:165704. [PMID: 28165330 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa5e88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigate percolating films of superconducting nanoparticles and observe an evolution from superconducting to metallic to insulating states as the surface coverage of the nanoparticles is decreased. We demonstrate that this evolution is correlated with a reduction in the effective/dominant dimensionality of the system, from 2D to 1D to 0D, and that the physics in each regime is dominated by vortices, phase slips and tunnelling respectively. Finally we construct phase diagrams that map the various observed states as a function of surface coverage (or, equivalently, normal state resistance), temperature and measurement current.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol Nande
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
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Banerji B, Pramanik SK, Pal U, Chandra Maiti N. Binding of hemoglobin to ultrafine carbon nanoparticles: a spectroscopic insight into a major health hazard. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra02569e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Binding of hemoglobin and myoglobin to carbon nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswadip Banerji
- Department of Chemistry and Bioinformatics
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata, India-700032
| | - Sumit Kumar Pramanik
- Department of Chemistry and Bioinformatics
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata, India-700032
| | - Uttam Pal
- Department of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata, India-700032
| | - Nakul Chandra Maiti
- Department of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata, India-700032
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Nawaz S, Arpaia R, Lombardi F, Bauch T. Microwave response of superconducting YBa2Cu3O(7-δ) nanowire bridges sustaining the critical depairing current: evidence of Josephson-like behavior. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:167004. [PMID: 23679634 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.167004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the zero-field critical supercurrent of YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-δ) bridges patterned from 50 nm thick films as a function of bridge width, ranging from 2 μm to 50 nm. The critical current density monotonically increases for decreasing bridge width even for widths smaller than the Pearl length. This behavior is accounted for by considering current crowding effects at the junction between the bridge and the wider electrodes. Comparison to numerical calculations of the current distributions in our bridge geometries of various widths yields a (local) critical current density at 4.2 K of 1.3×10(8) A/cm(2), the Ginzburg Landau depairing current density. The observation of up to 160 Shapiro-like steps in the current voltage characteristics under microwave irradiation substantiates the pristine character of our nanobridges with cross sections as small as 50×50 nm(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nawaz
- Deptartment of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Quantum Device Physics Laboratory, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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