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Van NH, Lee JH, Whang D, Kang DJ. Ultralow power complementary inverter circuits using axially doped p- and n-channel Si nanowire field effect transistors. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:12022-12028. [PMID: 27240692 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr01040g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We have successfully synthesized axially doped p- and n-type regions on a single Si nanowire (NW). Diodes and complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) inverter devices using single axial p- and n-channel Si NW field-effect transistors (FETs) were fabricated. We show that the threshold voltages of both p- and n-channel Si NW FETs can be lowered to nearly zero by effectively controlling the doping concentration. Because of the high performance of the p- and n-type Si NW channel FETs, especially with regard to the low threshold voltage, the fabricated NW CMOS inverters have a low operating voltage (<3 V) while maintaining a high voltage gain (∼6) and ultralow static power dissipation (≤0.3 pW) at an input voltage of ±3 V. This result offers a viable way for the fabrication of a high-performance high-density logic circuit using a low-temperature fabrication process, which makes it suitable for flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Huynh Van
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Hyun Lee
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongmok Whang
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Joon Kang
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Talebi H, Dolatyari M, Rostami G, Manzuri A, Mahmudi M, Rostami A. Fabrication of fast mid-infrared range photodetector based on hybrid graphene-PbSe nanorods. APPLIED OPTICS 2015; 54:6386-6390. [PMID: 26193418 DOI: 10.1364/ao.54.006386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Weak light absorption of graphene has limited the responsivity of graphene-based photodetectors. On the other hand, the slow response of PbSe as a mid-infrared range (MIR) detector makes this type of detector unsuitable as a commercial detector. Here, we report a fast MIR detector based on hybrid graphene-PbSe nanorods. For this purpose, a few-layer graphene piece was synthesized using a simple, scalable, and economical method on a cobalt layer, the synthesized graphene was transferred onto interdigitated copper electrodes, and then synthesized nanorods were spin coated on the transferred graphene. Strong and tunable light absorption in the quantum dot layer creates electric charges, which are transferred to the graphene, and due to the high charge mobility of graphene and long trapped-charge lifetimes in the quantum dot layer, they recirculate many times. The fabricated device has high speed and responsivity. The gain of fabricated detectors based on hybrid graphene quantum dots is 10.3 times more, their response time is 14.3 times faster, and their responsivity is 10 times more than conventional nanorod-based detectors. From the point of view of spectral selectivity, tuning the size of the nanorods helps optical detection from the IR to mid-IR.
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Balamurugan J, Pandurangan A, Kim NH, Lee JH. Facile synthesis of high quality multi-walled carbon nanotubes on novel 3D KIT-6: application in high performance dye-sensitized solar cells. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:679-689. [PMID: 25429647 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr05531d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel hard templating strategy for the synthesis of high quality multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with a uniform diameter was developed. MWCNTs were successfully synthesized through chemical vapour deposition (CVD) using acetylene by employing 3D bicontinuous mesoporous silica (KIT-6) as a hard template and used as the counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Here, we report that Ni-Cr-KIT-6 and Co-Cr-KIT-6 systems are the most suitable catalysts for the growth of MWCNTs. Raman spectroscopy and TEM analysis revealed that the synthesized MWCNTs were of high quality and well graphitized. Impressively, DSSCs with a MWCNT counter electrode demonstrated high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of up to 10.53%, which was significantly higher than that of 9.87% obtained for a DSSC with a conventional Pt counter electrode. Moreover, MWCNTs had a charge transfer resistance (Rct) of only 0.74 Ω cm(2) towards the I3(-)/I(-) electrolyte commonly applied in DSSCs, which is several orders of magnitude lower than that of a typical Pt electrode (2.78 Ω cm(2)). These results indicate that the synthesized MWCNT counter electrodes are versatile candidates that can increase the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of DSSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayaraman Balamurugan
- Advanced Materials Institute of BIN Technology (BK21 plus Global) & Department of BIN Fusion Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea
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Van NH, Lee JH, Sohn JI, Cha SN, Whang D, Kim JM, Kang DJ. High performance Si nanowire field-effect-transistors based on a CMOS inverter with tunable threshold voltage. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:5479-5483. [PMID: 24727896 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr06690h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We successfully fabricated nanowire-based complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (NWCMOS) inverter devices by utilizing n- and p-type Si nanowire field-effect-transistors (NWFETs) via a low-temperature fabrication processing technique. We demonstrate that NWCMOS inverter devices can be operated at less than 1 V, a significantly lower voltage than that of typical thin-film based complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) inverter devices. This low-voltage operation was accomplished by controlling the threshold voltage of the n-type Si NWFETs through effective management of the nanowire (NW) doping concentration, while realizing high voltage gain (>10) and ultra-low static power dissipation (≤3 pW) for high-performance digital inverter devices. This result offers a viable means of fabricating high-performance, low-operation voltage, and high-density digital logic circuits using a low-temperature fabrication processing technique suitable for next-generation flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Huynh Van
- Department of Physics, Institute of Basic Science, SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.
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Kim JH, Chen ZCY, Kwon S, Xiang J. Three-terminal nanoelectromechanical field effect transistor with abrupt subthreshold slope. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:1687-1691. [PMID: 24568680 DOI: 10.1021/nl5006355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the first experimental demonstration of a three-terminal nanoelectromechanical field effect transistor (NEMFET) with measurable subthreshold slope as small as 6 mV/dec at room temperature and a switching voltage window of under 2 V. The device operates by modulating drain current through a suspended nanowire channel via an insulated gate electrode, thus eliminating the need for a conducting moving electrode, and yields devices that reliably switch on/off for up to 130 cycles. Radio-frequency measurements have confirmed operation at 125 MHz. Our measurements and simulations suggest that the NEMFET design is scalable toward sub-1 V ultrahigh-frequency operation for future low-power computing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hun Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and ‡Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, California 92093-0407, United States
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Liu X, Liu W, Xiao X, Wang C, Fan Z, Qu Y, Cai B, Guo S, Li J, Jiang C, Duan X, Liao L. High performance amorphous ZnMgO/carbon nanotube composite thin-film transistors with a tunable threshold voltage. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:2830-2834. [PMID: 23443668 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr34222k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Here we report the fabrication and characterization of high mobility amorphous ZnMgO/single-walled carbon nanotube composite thin film transistors (TFTs) with a tunable threshold voltage. By controlling the ratio of MgO, ZnO and carbon nanotubes, high performance composite TFTs can be obtained with a field-effect mobility of up to 135 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1), a low threshold voltage of 1 V and a subthreshold swing as small as 200 mV per decade, making it a promising new solution-processed material for high performance functional circuits. A low voltage inverter is demonstrated with a functional frequency exceeding 5 kHz, which is only limited by parasitic capacitance rather than the intrinsic material speed. The overall device performance of the composite TFTs greatly surpasses not only that of the solution-processed TFTs, but also that of the conventional amorphous or polycrystalline silicon TFTs. It therefore has the potential to open up a new avenue to high-performance, solution-processed flexible electronics which could significantly impact the existing applications, and enable a whole new generation of flexible, wearable, or disposable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingqiang Liu
- Department of Physics and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Yang Z, Liu M, Zhang C, Tjiu WW, Liu T, Peng H. Carbon Nanotubes Bridged with Graphene Nanoribbons and Their Use in High-Efficiency Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:3996-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201209736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Yang Z, Liu M, Zhang C, Tjiu WW, Liu T, Peng H. Carbon Nanotubes Bridged with Graphene Nanoribbons and Their Use in High-Efficiency Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201209736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Lindahl N, Midtvedt D, Svensson J, Nerushev OA, Lindvall N, Isacsson A, Campbell EEB. Determination of the bending rigidity of graphene via electrostatic actuation of buckled membranes. NANO LETTERS 2012; 12:3526-3531. [PMID: 22708530 DOI: 10.1021/nl301080v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Classical continuum mechanics is used extensively to predict the properties of nanoscale materials such as graphene. The bending rigidity, κ, is an important parameter that is used, for example, to predict the performance of graphene nanoelectromechanical devices and also ripple formation. Despite its importance, there is a large spread in the theoretical predictions of κ for few-layer graphene. We have used the snap-through behavior of convex buckled graphene membranes under the application of electrostatic pressure to determine experimentally values of κ for double-layer graphene membranes. We demonstrate how to prepare convex-buckled suspended graphene ribbons and fully clamped suspended membranes and show how the determination of the curvature of the membranes and the critical snap-through voltage, using AFM, allows us to extract κ. The bending rigidity of bilayer graphene membranes under ambient conditions was determined to be 35.5−15.0 +20.0 eV. Monolayers are shown to have significantly lower κ than bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Lindahl
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
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