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Zhou Z, Chen HT, Sukharev M, Subotnik JE, Nitzan A. On the nature of two-photon transitions for a collection of molecules in a Fabry-Perot cavity. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:094107. [PMID: 38426526 DOI: 10.1063/5.0180910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigate the effect of a cavity on nonlinear two-photon transitions of a molecular system and we analyze how such an effect depends on the cavity quality factor, the field enhancement, and the possibility of dephasing. We find that the molecular response to strong light fields in a cavity with a variable quality factor can be understood as arising from a balance between (i) the ability of the cavity to enhance the field of an external probe and promote multiphoton transitions more easily and (ii) the fact that the strict selection rules on multiphoton transitions in a cavity support only one resonant frequency within the excitation range. Although our simulations use a classical level description of the radiation field (i.e., we solve Maxwell-Bloch or Maxwell-Liouville equations within the Ehrenfest approximation for the field-molecule interaction), based on experience with this level of approximation in the past studies of plasmonic and polaritonic systems, we believe that our results are valid over a wide range of external probing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Hsing-Ta Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Maxim Sukharev
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
- College of Integrative Sciences and Arts, Arizona State University, Mesa, Arizona 85212, USA
| | - Joseph E Subotnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Abraham Nitzan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences and The Sackler Center for Computational Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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Shi S, Xiao S, Yang J, Li S, Xie X, Dang J, Yang L, Dai D, Fu B, Yan S, Yuan Y, Zhu R, Li BB, Zuo Z, Wang C, Ni H, Niu Z, Jin K, Gong Q, Xu X. Controllable spin-resolved photon emission enhanced by a slow-light mode in photonic crystal waveguides on a chip. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:10348-10357. [PMID: 37157583 DOI: 10.1364/oe.483244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We report the slow-light enhanced spin-resolved in-plane emission from a single quantum dot (QD) in a photonic crystal waveguide (PCW). The slow light dispersions in PCWs are designed to match the emission wavelengths of single QDs. The resonance between two spin states emitted from a single QD and a slow light mode of a waveguide is investigated under a magnetic field with Faraday configuration. Two spin states of a single QD experience different degrees of enhancement as their emission wavelengths are shifted by combining diamagnetic and Zeeman effects with an optical excitation power control. A circular polarization degree up to 0.81 is achieved by changing the off-resonant excitation power. Strongly polarized photon emission enhanced by a slow light mode shows great potential to attain controllable spin-resolved photon sources for integrated optical quantum networks on chip.
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Abdullah NR, Tang CS, Manolescu A, Gudmundsson V. Manifestation of the Purcell Effect in Current Transport through a Dot-Cavity-QED System. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E1023. [PMID: 31319544 PMCID: PMC6669877 DOI: 10.3390/nano9071023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We study the transport properties of a wire-dot system coupled to a cavity and a photon reservoir. The system is considered to be microstructured from a two-dimensional electron gas in a GaAs heterostructure. The 3D photon cavity is active in the far-infrared or the terahertz regime. Tuning the photon energy, Rabi-resonant states emerge and in turn resonant current peaks are observed. We demonstrate the effects of the cavity-photon reservoir coupling, the mean photon number in the reservoir, the electron-photon coupling and the photon polarization on the intraband transitions occurring between the Rabi-resonant states, and on the corresponding resonant current peaks. The Rabi-splitting can be controlled by the photon polarization and the electron-photon coupling strength. In the selected range of the parameters, the electron-photon coupling and the cavity-environment coupling strengths, we observe the results of the Purcell effect enhancing the current peaks through the cavity by increasing the cavity-reservoir coupling, while they decrease with increasing electron-photon coupling. In addition, the resonant current peaks are also sensitive to the mean number of photons in the reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nzar Rauf Abdullah
- Physics Department, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani 46001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
- Komar Research Center, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaimani 46001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
| | - Chi-Shung Tang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National United University, 2, Lienda, Miaoli 36063, Taiwan
| | - Andrei Manolescu
- School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University, Menntavegur 1, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Vidar Gudmundsson
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhaga 3, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
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Chen S, Huang Y, Visser D, Anand S, Buyanova IA, Chen WM. Room-temperature polarized spin-photon interface based on a semiconductor nanodisk-in-nanopillar structure driven by few defects. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3575. [PMID: 30177701 PMCID: PMC6120900 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06035-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to their superior optical properties, semiconductor nanopillars/nanowires in one-dimensional (1D) geometry are building blocks for nano-photonics. They also hold potential for efficient polarized spin-light conversion in future spin nano-photonics. Unfortunately, spin generation in 1D systems so far remains inefficient at room temperature. Here we propose an approach that can significantly enhance the radiative efficiency of the electrons with the desired spin while suppressing that with the unwanted spin, which simultaneously ensures strong spin and light polarization. We demonstrate high optical polarization of 20%, inferring high electron spin polarization up to 60% at room temperature in a 1D system based on a GaNAs nanodisk-in-GaAs nanopillar structure, facilitated by spin-dependent recombination via merely 2–3 defects in each nanodisk. Our approach points to a promising direction for realization of an interface for efficient spin-photon quantum information transfer at room temperature—a key element for future spin-photonic applications. Room-temperature spin-generation in 1D systems like semiconductor nanopillars is typically inefficient. Here, the authors demonstrate an approach to achieve efficient spin polarization, even in the absence of a magnetic field, by selectively enhancing the radiative efficiency of one spin direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shula Chen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE58183, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Yuqing Huang
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Dennis Visser
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE16440, Kista, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Srinivasan Anand
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE16440, Kista, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Irina A Buyanova
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Weimin M Chen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE58183, Linköping, Sweden.
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Li Z, Liu C, Rong X, Luo Y, Cheng H, Zheng L, Lin F, Shen B, Gong Y, Zhang S, Fang Z. Tailoring MoS 2 Valley-Polarized Photoluminescence with Super Chiral Near-Field. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1801908. [PMID: 29984556 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenides with intrinsic spin-valley degrees of freedom hold great potentials for applications in spintronic and valleytronic devices. MoS2 monolayer possesses two inequivalent valleys in the Brillouin zone, with each valley coupling selectively with circularly polarized photons. The degree of valley polarization (DVP) is a parameter to characterize the purity of valley-polarized photoluminescence (PL) of MoS2 monolayer. Usually, the detected values of DVP in MoS2 monolayer show achiral property under optical excitation of opposite helicities due to reciprocal phonon-assisted intervalley scattering process. Here, it is reported that valley-polarized PL of MoS2 can be tailored through near-field interaction with plasmonic chiral metasurface. The resonant field of the chiral metasurface couples with valley-polarized excitons, and tailors the measured PL spectra in the far-field, resulting in observation of chiral DVP of MoS2 -metasurface under opposite helicities excitations. Valley-contrast PL in the chiral heterostructure is also observed when illuminated by linearly polarized light. The manipulation of valley-polarized PL in 2D materials using chiral metasurface represents a viable route toward valley-polaritonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Li
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation, Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Changxu Liu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Xin Rong
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation, Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yang Luo
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation, Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Haotian Cheng
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation, Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Liheng Zheng
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation, Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Feng Lin
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation, Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Bo Shen
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation, Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yongji Gong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Zheyu Fang
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation, Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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Low-photon-number optical switch and AND/OR logic gates based on quantum dot-bimodal cavity coupling system. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19001. [PMID: 26750557 PMCID: PMC4707446 DOI: 10.1038/srep19001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose a new scheme based on quantum dot-bimodal cavity coupling system to realize all-optical switch and logic gates in low-photon-number regime. Suppression of mode transmission due to the destructive interference effect is theoretically demonstrated by driving the cavity with two orthogonally polarized pulsed lasers at certain pulse delay. The transmitted mode can be selected by designing laser pulse sequence. The optical switch with high on-off ratio emerges when considering one driving laser as the control. Moreover, the AND/OR logic gates based on photon polarization are achieved by cascading the coupling system. Both proposed optical switch and logic gates work well in ultra-low energy magnitude. Our work may enable various applications of all-optical computing and quantum information processing.
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Lobanov SV, Weiss T, Gippius NA, Tikhodeev SG, Kulakovskii VD, Konishi K, Kuwata-Gonokami M. Polarization control of quantum dot emission by chiral photonic crystal slabs. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:1528-1531. [PMID: 25831376 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.001528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigate theoretically the polarization properties of the quantum dot's (QDs) optical emission from chiral photonic crystal structures made of achiral materials in the absence of external magnetic field at room temperature. The mirror symmetry of the local electromagnetic field is broken in this system due to the decreased symmetry of the chiral modulated layer. As a result, the radiation of randomly polarized QDs normal to the structure becomes partially circularly polarized. The sign and degree of circular polarization are determined by the geometry of the chiral modulated structure and depend on the radiation frequency. A degree of circular polarization up to 99% can be achieved for randomly distributed QDs, and can be close to 100% for some single QDs.
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Ashry I, Zhang B, Khalifa MB, Calderone JA, Santos WL, Heflin JR, Robinson HD, Xu Y. Fluorescence lifetime based characterization of active and tunable plasmonic nanostructures. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:20720-20726. [PMID: 25321275 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.020720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report a non-contact method that utilizes fluorescence lifetime (FL) to characterize morphological changes of a tunable plasmonic nanostructure with nanoscale accuracy. The key component of the plasmonic nanostructure is pH-responsive polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs), which serve as a dynamically tunable "spacer" layer that separates the plasmonic structure and the fluorescent materials. The validity of our method is confirmed through direct comparison with ellipsometry and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements. Applying the FL-based approach, we find that a monolayer polycation film responds to pH changes with significantly less hysteresis than a thicker multilayer film with polyelectrolytes of both charges. Additionally, we characterize an active and tunable plasmonic nanostructure composed of self-assembled fluorescent dye (Texas Red), pH-sensitive PEMs, and gold nanospheres adsorbed on the PEM surface. Our results point towards the possibility of using stimulus-sensitive polymers to construct active and tunable plasmonic nanodevices.
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