1
|
Aghababaei A, Biesek C, Vewinger F, Stellmer S. Frequency conversion in pressurized hydrogen. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:45-48. [PMID: 36563366 DOI: 10.1364/ol.475703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
State-preserving frequency conversion in the optical domain is a necessary component in many configurations of quantum information processing and communication. Thus far, nonlinear crystals are used for this purpose. Here, we report on an approach based on coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) in a dense molecular hydrogen gas. This four-wave mixing process sidesteps the limitations imposed by crystal properties, it is intrinsically broadband and does not generate an undesired background. We demonstrate this method by converting photons from 434 nm to 370 nm and show that their polarization is preserved.
Collapse
|
2
|
Pettit RM, Karasahin A, von den Driesch N, Jansen MM, Pawlis A, Waks E. Correlations between Cascaded Photons from Spatially Localized Biexcitons in ZnSe. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:9457-9461. [PMID: 36441911 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Radiative cascades emit correlated photon pairs, providing a pathway for the generation of entangled photons. The realization of a radiative cascade with impurity atoms in semiconductors, a leading platform for the generation of quantum light, would therefore provide a new avenue for the development of entangled photon pair sources. Here we demonstrate a radiative cascade from the decay of a biexciton at an impurity-atom complex in a ZnSe quantum well. The emitted photons show clear temporal correlations revealing the time-ordering of the cascade. Our result establishes impurity atoms in ZnSe as a potential platform for photonic quantum technologies using radiative cascades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Pettit
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics and Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Aziz Karasahin
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics and Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Nils von den Driesch
- Peter-Grünberg-Institute (PGI-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- JARA-FIT (Fundamentals of Future Information Technology), Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, 52062 Aechen, Germany
| | - Marvin Marco Jansen
- Peter-Grünberg-Institute (PGI-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- JARA-FIT (Fundamentals of Future Information Technology), Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, 52062 Aechen, Germany
| | - Alexander Pawlis
- Peter-Grünberg-Institute (PGI-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- JARA-FIT (Fundamentals of Future Information Technology), Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, 52062 Aechen, Germany
| | - Edo Waks
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics and Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kutovyi Y, Jansen MM, Qiao S, Falter C, von den Driesch N, Brazda T, Demarina N, Trellenkamp S, Bennemann B, Grützmacher D, Pawlis A. Efficient Single-Photon Sources Based on Chlorine-Doped ZnSe Nanopillars with Growth Controlled Emission Energy. ACS NANO 2022; 16:14582-14589. [PMID: 36095839 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Isolated impurity states in epitaxially grown semiconductor systems possess important radiative features such as distinct wavelength emission with a very short radiative lifetime and low inhomogeneous broadening, which make them promising for the generation of indistinguishable single photons. In this study, we investigate chlorine-doped ZnSe/ZnMgSe quantum well (QW) nanopillar (NP) structures as a highly efficient solid-state single-photon source operating at cryogenic temperatures. We show that single photons are generated due to the radiative recombination of excitons bound to neutral Cl atoms in ZnSe QW and the energy of the emitted photon can be tuned from about 2.85 down to 2.82 eV with ZnSe well width increase from 2.7 to 4.7 nm. Following the developed advanced technology, we fabricate NPs with a diameter of about 250 nm using a combination of dry and wet-chemical etching of epitaxially grown ZnSe/ZnMgSe QW structures. The remaining resist mask serves as a spherical- or cylindrical-shaped solid immersion lens on top of NPs and leads to the emission intensity enhancement by up to an order of magnitude in comparison to the pillars without any lenses. NPs with spherical-shaped lenses show the highest emission intensity values. The clear photon-antibunching effect is confirmed by the measured value of the second-order correlation function at a zero time delay of 0.14. The developed single-photon sources are suitable for integration into scalable photonic circuits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yurii Kutovyi
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Marvin Marco Jansen
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Siqi Qiao
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Christine Falter
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Nils von den Driesch
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Brazda
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Nataliya Demarina
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Stefan Trellenkamp
- Helmholtz Nano Facility (HNF), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Benjamin Bennemann
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-10), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Detlev Grützmacher
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Alexander Pawlis
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Viitaniemi MLK, Zimmermann C, Niaouris V, D'Ambrosia SH, Wang X, Kumar ES, Mohammadbeigi F, Watkins SP, Fu KMC. Coherent Spin Preparation of Indium Donor Qubits in Single ZnO Nanowires. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:2134-2139. [PMID: 35108020 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Shallow donors in ZnO are promising candidates for photon-mediated quantum technologies. Utilizing the indium donor, we show that favorable donor-bound exciton optical and electron spin properties are retained in isolated ZnO nanowires. The inhomogeneous optical line width of single nanowires (60 GHz) is within a factor of 2 of bulk single-crystalline ZnO. Spin initialization via optical pumping is demonstrated and coherent population trapping is observed. The two-photon absorption width approaches the theoretical limit expected due to the hyperfine interaction between the indium nuclear spin and the donor-bound electron.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria L K Viitaniemi
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Christian Zimmermann
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Vasileios Niaouris
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Samuel H D'Ambrosia
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Xingyi Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - E Senthil Kumar
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Faezeh Mohammadbeigi
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Simon P Watkins
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Kai-Mei C Fu
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhukov EA, Kirstein E, Kopteva NE, Heisterkamp F, Yugova IA, Korenev VL, Yakovlev DR, Pawlis A, Bayer M, Greilich A. Discretization of the total magnetic field by the nuclear spin bath in fluorine-doped ZnSe. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1941. [PMID: 29769536 PMCID: PMC5955946 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04359-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The coherent spin dynamics of fluorine donor-bound electrons in ZnSe induced by pulsed optical excitation is studied in a perpendicular applied magnetic field. The Larmor precession frequency serves as a measure for the total magnetic field exerted onto the electron spins and, surprisingly, does not increase linearly with the applied field, but shows a step-like behavior with pronounced plateaus, given by multiples of the laser repetition rate. This discretization occurs by a feedback mechanism in which the electron spins polarize the nuclear spins, which in turn generate a local Overhauser field adjusting the total magnetic field accordingly. Varying the optical excitation power, we can control the plateaus, in agreement with our theoretical model. From this model, we trace the observed discretization to the optically induced Stark field, which causes the dynamic nuclear polarization. Understanding the electron and nuclear spin interactions is essential to the application of quantum information devices. Here the authors report a step-like electron Larmor frequency versus external magnetic field due to the discretization of the total magnetic field by the nuclear spin bath in ZnSe:F.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E A Zhukov
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221, Dortmund, Germany
| | - E Kirstein
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221, Dortmund, Germany
| | - N E Kopteva
- Physical Faculty of St. Petersburg State University, 198504, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Spin Optics Laboratory, St. Petersburg State University, 198504, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - F Heisterkamp
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221, Dortmund, Germany.,Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), 44149, Dortmund, Germany
| | - I A Yugova
- Physical Faculty of St. Petersburg State University, 198504, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - V L Korenev
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - D R Yakovlev
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221, Dortmund, Germany.,Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A Pawlis
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - M Bayer
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221, Dortmund, Germany.,Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A Greilich
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221, Dortmund, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
St-Jean P, Éthier-Majcher G, André R, Francoeur S. High-Fidelity and Ultrafast Initialization of a Hole Spin Bound to a Te Isoelectronic Center in ZnSe. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:167401. [PMID: 27792390 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.167401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the optical initialization of a hole-spin qubit bound to an isoelectronic center (IC) formed by a pair of Te impurities in ZnSe, an impurity-host system providing high optical homogeneity, large electric dipole moments, and potentially advantageous coherence times. The initialization scheme is based on the spin-preserving tunneling of a resonantly excited donor-bound exciton to a positively charged Te IC, thus forming a positive trion. The radiative decay of the trion within less than 50 ps leaves a heavy hole in a well-defined polarization-controlled spin state. The initialization fidelity exceeds 98.5% for an initialization time of less than 150 ps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P St-Jean
- Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3A7, Canada
| | | | - R André
- Nanophysics and Semiconductor Group, Institut Néel, CEA/CNRS/Université Joseph Fourier, 25 rue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - S Francoeur
- Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3A7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Atomic-like spin noise in solid-state demonstrated with manganese in cadmium telluride. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8121. [PMID: 26382137 PMCID: PMC4595592 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Spin noise spectroscopy is an optical technique which can probe spin resonances non-perturbatively. First applied to atomic vapours, it revealed detailed information about nuclear magnetism and the hyperfine interaction. In solids, this approach has been limited to carriers in semiconductor heterostructures. Here we show that atomic-like spin fluctuations of Mn ions diluted in CdTe (bulk and quantum wells) can be detected through the Kerr rotation associated to excitonic transitions. Zeeman transitions within and between hyperfine multiplets are clearly observed in zero and small magnetic fields and reveal the local symmetry because of crystal field and strain. The linewidths of these resonances are close to the dipolar limit. The sensitivity is high enough to open the way towards the detection of a few spins in systems where the decoherence due to nuclear spins can be suppressed by isotopic enrichment, and towards spin resonance microscopy with important applications in biology and materials science. Coupling an atomic vapour to the polarization of light has enabled the creation of spin squeezed and entangled atomic states. Here, the authors realize a solid-state approach by adapting spin noise spectroscopy to probe the spin of manganese ions in cadmium telluride.
Collapse
|
8
|
Spectroscopy of single Pr3+ ion in LaF3 crystal at 1.5 K. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7364. [PMID: 25482137 PMCID: PMC4258646 DOI: 10.1038/srep07364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical read-out and manipulation of the nuclear spin state of single rare-earth ions doped in a crystal enable the large-scale storage and the transport of quantum information. Here, we report the photo-luminescence excitation spectroscopy results of single Pr(3+) ions in a bulk crystal of LaF3 at 1.5 K. In a bulk sample, the signal from a single ion at the focus is often hidden under the background signal originating from numerous out-of-focus ions in the entire sample. To combine with a homemade cryogenic confocal microscope, we developed a reflecting objective that works in superfluid helium with a numerical aperture of 0.99, which increases the signal by increasing the solid angle of collection to 1.16π and reduces the background by decreasing the focal volume. The photo-luminescence excitation spectrum of single Pr(3+) was measured at a wing of the spectral line of the (3)H4 → (3)P0 transition at 627.33 THz (477.89 nm). The spectrum of individual Pr(3+) ions appears on top of the background of 60 cps as isolated peaks with intensities of 20-30 cps and full-width at half-maximum widths of approximately 3 MHz at an excitation intensity of 80 W cm(-2).
Collapse
|
9
|
Optical addressing of an individual erbium ion in silicon. Nature 2013; 497:91-4. [DOI: 10.1038/nature12081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|