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Tikhomirova KA, Tantardini C, Sukhanova EV, Popov ZI, Evlashin SA, Tarkhov MA, Zhdanov VL, Dudin AA, Oganov AR, Kvashnin DG, Kvashnin AG. Exotic Two-Dimensional Structure: The First Case of Hexagonal NaCl. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:3821-3827. [PMID: 32330050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
NaCl is one of the simplest compounds and was thought to be well-understood, and yet, unexpected complexities related to it were uncovered at high pressure and in low-dimensional states. Here, exotic hexagonal NaCl thin films on the (110) diamond surface were crystallized in the experiment following a theoretical prediction based on ab initio evolutionary algorithm USPEX. State-of-the-art calculations and experiments showed the existence of a hexagonal NaCl thin film, which is due to the strong chemical interaction of the NaCl film with the diamond substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kseniya A Tikhomirova
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 30, bld. 1 Bolshoy Boulevard, Moscow 121205, Russia
| | - Christian Tantardini
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 30, bld. 1 Bolshoy Boulevard, Moscow 121205, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V Sukhanova
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics RAS, 4 Kosigina Street, Moscow 119334, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutsky Pereulok, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia
| | - Zakhar I Popov
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics RAS, 4 Kosigina Street, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Stanislav A Evlashin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 30, bld. 1 Bolshoy Boulevard, Moscow 121205, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Tarkhov
- Institute of Nanotechnologies of Microelectronics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 A Leninsky Prospekt, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | | | - Alexander A Dudin
- Institute of Nanotechnologies of Microelectronics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 A Leninsky Prospekt, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Artem R Oganov
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 30, bld. 1 Bolshoy Boulevard, Moscow 121205, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutsky Pereulok, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia
- International Center for Materials Discovery, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Dmitry G Kvashnin
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics RAS, 4 Kosigina Street, Moscow 119334, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutsky Pereulok, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia
| | - Alexander G Kvashnin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 30, bld. 1 Bolshoy Boulevard, Moscow 121205, Russia
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Doležal J, Merino P, Redondo J, Ondič L, Cahlík A, Švec M. Charge Carrier Injection Electroluminescence with CO-Functionalized Tips on Single Molecular Emitters. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:8605-8611. [PMID: 31738569 PMCID: PMC7116301 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We investigate electroluminescence of single molecular emitters on NaCl on Ag(111) and Au(111) with submolecular resolution in a low-temperature scanning probe microscope with tunneling current, atomic force, and light detection capabilities. The role of the tip state is studied in the photon maps of a prototypical emitter, zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc), using metal and CO-metal tips. CO-functionalization is found to have an impact on the resolution and contrast of the photon maps due to the localized overlap of the p-orbitals on the tip with the molecular orbitals of the emitter. The possibility of using the same CO-functionalized tip for tip-enhanced photon detection and high resolution atomic force is demonstrated. We study the electroluminescence of ZnPc, induced by charge carrier injection at sufficiently high bias voltages. We propose that the distinct level alignment of the ZnPc frontier orbitals with the Au(111) and Ag(111) Fermi levels governs the primary excitation mechanisms as the injection of electrons and holes from the tip into the molecule, respectively. These findings put forward the importance of the tip status in the photon maps and contribute to a better understanding of the photophysics of organic molecules on surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Doležal
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Pablo Merino
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, E28049, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, CSIC, Serrano 121, E28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus Redondo
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Ondič
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Cahlík
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha, Czech Republic
- Regional Center for Advanced Materials and Technologies, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Švec
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha, Czech Republic
- Regional Center for Advanced Materials and Technologies, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Kvashnin AG, Kvashnin DG, Oganov AR. Novel Unexpected Reconstructions of (100) and (111) Surfaces of NaCl: Theoretical Prediction. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14267. [PMID: 31582761 PMCID: PMC6776646 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50548-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We have predicted stable reconstructions of the (100) and (111) surfaces of NaCl using the global optimization algorithm USPEX. Several new reconstructions, together with the previously reported ones, are found. For the cleaved bare (100) surface, pure Na and pure Cl are the only stable surface phases. Our study of the (111) surface shows that a newly predicted Na3Cl-(1 × 1) reconstruction is thermodynamically stable in a wide range of chlorine chemical potentials. It has a sawtooth-like profile where each facet reproduces the (100) surface of rock-salt NaCl, hinting on the preferred growth of the (100) surface. We used Bader charge analysis to explain the preferable formation of this sawtooth-like Na3Cl-(1 × 1) reconstruction of the (111) surface of NaCl. We find that at a very high chemical potential of Na, the polar (and normally absent) (111) surface becomes part of the equilibrium crystal morphology. At both very high and very low chemical potentials of Cl, we predict a large decrease of surface energy and fracture toughness (the Rehbinder effect).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Kvashnin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo Innovation Center, 3 Nobel Street, Moscow, 121205, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutsky Pereulok, Dolgoprudny, 141700, Russia
| | - Dmitry G Kvashnin
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics RAS, 4 Kosigina Street, Moscow, 119334, Russia. .,National University of Science and Technology MISIS, 4 Leninskiy Prospekt, Moscow, 119049, Russia.
| | - Artem R Oganov
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo Innovation Center, 3 Nobel Street, Moscow, 121205, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutsky Pereulok, Dolgoprudny, 141700, Russia.,International Center for Materials Discovery, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
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Heidorn SC, Bertram C, Cabrera-Sanfelix P, Morgenstern K. Consecutive Mechanism in the Diffusion of D2O on a NaCl(100) Bilayer. ACS NANO 2015; 9:3572-3578. [PMID: 25731809 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b00691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The motion of D2O monomers is investigated on a NaCl(100) bilayer on Ag(111) between 42.3 and 52.3 K by scanning tunneling microscopy. The diffusion distance histogram reveals a squared diffusion lattice that agrees with the primitive unit cell of the (100) surface. From the Arrhenius dependence, we derive the diffusion energy, the pre-exponential factor, and the attempt frequency. The mechanism of the motion is identified by comparison of the experimental results to theoretical calculations. Via low temperature adsorption site determination in connection with density functional theory, we reveal an influence of the metallic support onto the intermediate state of the diffusive motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Charlotta Heidorn
- †Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Festkörperphysik, Abteilung für Atomare und Molekulare Strukturen (ATMOS), Appelstr. 2, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Cord Bertram
- ‡Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Institut für Physikalische Chemie I, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Pepa Cabrera-Sanfelix
- §Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), P. Manuel de Lardizabal 4, San Sebastian 20018, Spain
- ⊥IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Karina Morgenstern
- ‡Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Institut für Physikalische Chemie I, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
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