1
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Sosoe JOE, Malveau C, Maris T, Iftimie R, Wuest JD. Refreshing the Legacy of Rudolf Nietzki: Benzene-1,2,4,5-tetramine and Related Compounds. J Org Chem 2023; 88:16302-16314. [PMID: 37955666 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Like hydroquinones and quinones, aromatic compounds with multiple NH2 groups and the corresponding quinonediimines have the potential to serve as components of useful redox-active organic materials. Benzene-1,2,4,5-tetramine (BTA) and its oxidized form BTA-H2 offer a promising redox pair of this type, and the compounds have proven to be useful in many areas of chemistry. However, key aspects of their behavior have remained poorly studied, such as the nature of their protonated forms, their preferred molecular structures, their reactivity, and their organization in condensed phases. In the present work, we have used a combination of improved methods of synthesis, computation, spectroscopic studies, and structural analyses to develop a deeper understanding of BTA, BTA-H2, their salts, and related compounds. The new knowledge is expected to accelerate exploitation of the compounds in areas of materials science where desirable properties can only be attained by properly controlling the organization of molecular components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann O E Sosoe
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Cédric Malveau
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Thierry Maris
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Radu Iftimie
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - James D Wuest
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2V 0B3, Canada
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2
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Ismael AK. 20-State Molecular Switch in a Li@C 60 Complex. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:19767-19771. [PMID: 37305247 PMCID: PMC10249121 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A substantial potential advantage of industrial electric and thermoelectric devices utilizing endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) is their ability to accommodate metallic moieties inside their empty cavities. Experimental and theoretical studies have elucidated the merit of this extraordinary feature with respect to developing electrical conductance and thermopower. Published research studies have demonstrated multiple state molecular switches initiated with 4, 6, and 14 distinguished switching states. Through comprehensive theoretical investigations involving electronic structure and electric transport, we report 20 molecular switching states that can be statistically recognized employing the endohedral fullerene Li@C60 complex. We propose a switching technique that counts on the location of the alkali metal that encapsulates inside a fullerene cage. The 20 switching states correspond to the 20 hexagonal rings that the Li cation energetically prefers to reside close to. We demonstrate that the multiswitching feature of such molecular complexes can be controlled by taking advantage of the off-center displacement and charge transfer from the alkali metal to the C60 cage. The most energetically favorable optimization suggests 1.2-1.4 Å off-center displacement, and Mulliken, Hirshfeld, and Voronoi simulations articulate that the charge migrates from the Li cation to C60 fullerene; however, the amount of the charge transferred depends on the nature and location of the cation within the complex. We believe that the proposed work suggests a relevant step toward the practical application of molecular switches in organic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali K. Ismael
- Department
of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, U.K.
- Department
of Physics, College of Education for Pure Science, Tikrit University, Salahuddin, Al-Qadissiya street 34001, Tikrit, Iraq
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3
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Früchtl H, Robertson LM, van Mourik T. Electronic excitation and electric field as switching mechanism for a single-molecule switch. Mol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2022.2108517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Früchtl
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Lorna M. Robertson
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Tanja van Mourik
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
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4
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Früchtl H, van Mourik T. A quinone based single-molecule switch as building block for molecular electronics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:1811-1814. [PMID: 33443268 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06250b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Using a model molecule, we show that it is possible to create molecules that show the required properties for use as elements in a molecular circuit or computer: two conformations with similar energy but different electric conductivity, and the possibility to switch between those by applying an external electric field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Früchtl
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK.
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5
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Weckbecker D, Coto PB, Thoss M. Molecular Transistor Controlled through Proton Transfer. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:413-417. [PMID: 33356318 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The potential of proton transfer reactions as a fundamental mechanism to realize a nanoscale molecular transistor is investigated. Employing density functional theory and the nonequilibrium Green's function formalism, we identify molecule-graphene nanojunctions, which exhibit high- and low-conducting states depending on the specific location of protons in the molecular bridge. In addition, we show that an electrostatic gate field can control the proton transfer process and thus allow specific conductance states to be selected. In this way, the current in the junction can be switched on and off as in a field-effect transistor. The underlying mechanism is analyzed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Weckbecker
- Lehrstuhl für theoretische Festkörperphysik, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 7/B2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - P B Coto
- Materials Physics Center (CFM), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia/San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia/San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - M Thoss
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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6
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Liu W, Yang S, Li J, Su G, Ren J. One molecule, two states: Single molecular switch on metallic electrodes. WIRES COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China
| | - Sha Yang
- Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China
| | - Jingtai Li
- Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China
| | - Guirong Su
- Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China
| | - Ji‐Chang Ren
- Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China
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7
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Caputo M, Colasurdo DD, Allegretti PE, Laurella SL. Tautomeric and
E
‐
Z
equilibria of the herbicide clethodim in water and organic solvents: A nuclear magnetic resonance and theoretical study. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maricel Caputo
- CEDECOR (Centro de Estudio de Compuestos Orgánicos), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) La Plata Argentina
- CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Diego D. Colasurdo
- CEDECOR (Centro de Estudio de Compuestos Orgánicos), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) La Plata Argentina
- CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Patricia E. Allegretti
- CEDECOR (Centro de Estudio de Compuestos Orgánicos), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) La Plata Argentina
- CIC‐BA (Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Sergio L. Laurella
- CEDECOR (Centro de Estudio de Compuestos Orgánicos), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) La Plata Argentina
- CIC‐BA (Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires) Buenos Aires Argentina
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8
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Yang S, Li S, Zhang GX, Filimonov SN, Butch CJ, Ren JC, Liu W. Surface Strain-Induced Collective Switching of Ensembles of Molecules on Metal Surfaces. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:2277-2283. [PMID: 32125156 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A central difficulty in the design of molecular electronics is poor control of the contact state between the molecule and metal electrode, which may induce instability and noise in logic and memory devices and even destroy the intrinsic functionality of the device. Here, we theoretically propose a simple and effective strategy for realizing full control of the contact state of organic molecules coated on the metal surface by applying homogeneous surface strain. As exemplified by pyrazine molecules on Cu(111), application of compressive (tensile) strain causes the molecules to uniformly adopt the physisorbed (chemisorbed) state. Within the framework of non-equilibrium Green's function calculations, we show that the two distinct contact states yield simultaneous rectification and switching behaviors. Because the contact states of all surface-bound molecules are transformed uniformly via surface strain perturbations, fully controlled collective switching and rectification effects can be simultaneously achieved in this contact system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Yang
- Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guo-Xu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Dazhi 92, Harbin 150001, China
| | | | - Christopher J Butch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, Washington 98154, United States
| | - Ji-Chang Ren
- Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
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9
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Bauer A, Maier M, Schosser WM, Diegel J, Paschke F, Dedkov Y, Pauly F, Winter RF, Fonin M. Tip-Induced Inversion of the Chirality of a Molecule's Adsorption Potential Probed by the Switching Directionality. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1907390. [PMID: 32064673 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201907390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The switching behavior of surface-supported molecular units excited by current, light, or mechanical forces is determined by the shape of the adsorption potential. The ability to tailor the energy landscape in which a molecule resides at a surface gives the possibility of imposing a desired response, which is of paramount importance for the realization of molecular electronic units. Here, by means of scanning tunneling microscopy, a triazatruxene (TAT) molecule on Ag(111) is studied, which shows a switching behavior characterized by transitions of the molecule between three states, and which is attributed to three energetically degenerate bonding configurations. Upon tunneling current injection, the system can be excited and continuously driven, showing a switching directionality close to 100%. Two surface enantiomers of TAT show opposite switching directions pointing at the chirality of the energy landscape of the adsorption potential as a key ingredient for directional switching. Further, it is shown that by tuning the tunneling parameters, the symmetry of the adsorption potential can be controllably adjusted, leading to a suppression of the directionality or an inversion of the switching direction. The findings represent a molecule-surface model system exhibiting unprecedented control of the shape of its adsorption potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Bauer
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Markus Maier
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Werner M Schosser
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Josefine Diegel
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Fabian Paschke
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Yuriy Dedkov
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, 200444, Shanghai, China
| | - Fabian Pauly
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Rainer F Winter
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Mikhail Fonin
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
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10
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Harsh R, Joucken F, Chacon C, Repain V, Girard Y, Bellec A, Rousset S, Sporken R, Smogunov A, Dappe YJ, Lagoute J. Controlling Hydrogen-Transfer Rate in Molecules on Graphene by Tunable Molecular Orbital Levels. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:6897-6903. [PMID: 31638814 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Molecular switches are building blocks of potential interest to store binary information, especially when they can be organized in periodic lattices. Among the variety of possible systems, switches based on hydrogen transfer are of special importance because they allow the switching operation to occur without severe conformational change that may interfere with neighboring molecular units. We have studied the excitation process of hydrogen transfer inside porphyrin molecules assembled on a graphene surface, using a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope. We show that this hydrogen transfer is induced by an electronic resonant tunneling process through the molecular orbitals. Using nitrogen doping of graphene, we tune the rate of hydrogen transfer by shifting the molecular orbital energies owing to the charge transfer at nitrogen dopant sites in the graphene lattice. The control of the switching process allows the storage of information inside a molecular lattice, which is demonstrated by writing an artificial pattern inside a molecular island.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishav Harsh
- Université de Paris , Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS , F-75013 Paris , France
| | - Frédéric Joucken
- Research Center in Physics of Matter and Radiation (PMR) , Université de Namur , 61 Rue de Bruxelles , 5000 Namur , Belgium
| | - Cyril Chacon
- Université de Paris , Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS , F-75013 Paris , France
| | - Vincent Repain
- Université de Paris , Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS , F-75013 Paris , France
| | - Yann Girard
- Université de Paris , Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS , F-75013 Paris , France
| | - Amandine Bellec
- Université de Paris , Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS , F-75013 Paris , France
| | - Sylvie Rousset
- Université de Paris , Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS , F-75013 Paris , France
| | - Robert Sporken
- Research Center in Physics of Matter and Radiation (PMR) , Université de Namur , 61 Rue de Bruxelles , 5000 Namur , Belgium
| | - Alexander Smogunov
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS , Université Paris-Saclay , CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Yannick J Dappe
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS , Université Paris-Saclay , CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Jérôme Lagoute
- Université de Paris , Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS , F-75013 Paris , France
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11
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Chandler HJ, Stefanou M, Campbell EEB, Schaub R. Li@C 60 as a multi-state molecular switch. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2283. [PMID: 31123258 PMCID: PMC6533348 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10300-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of molecular electronics aims at advancing the miniaturization of electronic devices, by exploiting single molecules to perform the function of individual components. A molecular switch is defined as a molecule that displays stability in two or more states (e.g. "on" and "off" involving conductance, conformation etc.) and upon application of a controlled external perturbation, electric or otherwise, undergoes a reversible change such that the molecule is altered. Previous work has shown multi-state molecular switches with up to four and six distinct states. Using low temperature scanning tunnelling microscopy and spectroscopy, we report on a multi-state single molecule switch using the endohedral fullerene Li@C60 that displays 14 molecular states which can be statistically accessed. We suggest a switching mechanism that relies on resonant tunnelling via the superatom molecular orbitals (SAMOs) of the fullerene cage as a means of Li activation, thereby bypassing the typical vibronic excitation of the carbon cage that is known to cause molecular decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry J Chandler
- EaStCHEM and School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Minas Stefanou
- EaStCHEM and School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Eleanor E B Campbell
- EaStCHEM and School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.,Division of Quantum Phases and Devices, School of Physics, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Renald Schaub
- EaStCHEM and School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
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12
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Yang S, Li S, Filimonov SN, Fuentes-Cabrera M, Liu W. Principles of Design for Substrate-Supported Molecular Switches Based on Physisorbed and Chemisorbed States. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:26772-26780. [PMID: 29996648 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b07568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The physisorbed (precursor) and chemisorbed states of a molecule on metal surfaces can be utilized to build a logic switch at the single-molecule level, enabling further microminiaturization of electronic devices beyond the silicon limits. However, a serious drawback of this design is easy lateral diffusion of the molecule in the physisorbed state, which may destroy the normal switch operation. Here, we demonstrate that anchoring engineering can be an effective way to enhance the stability of molecular switches without degrading switching functionality. As exemplified by trans-ADT on Cu(111), we show that the lateral diffusion of such molecular switch can be obstructed by the anchoring of the ending thiophene groups, along with a rotation of the adsorbate during the switching process. More general, our results also suggest that when searching for molecular switches with reversible physisorbed and chemisorbed states with excellent bistability and lateral stability, the focus should be on finding molecules with a moderate HOMO-LUMO energy gap and anchoring atoms with positive charge that can then be deposited on substrates with which they interact moderately. This allows further improvement of the lateral and vertical stability of such a molecular switch by substituting the thiophene groups with selenophene, thus establishing trans-ADS on Cu(111) as a promising switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Yang
- Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , Jiangsu , China
| | - Shuang Li
- Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , Jiangsu , China
| | | | - Miguel Fuentes-Cabrera
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, and Computational Sciences and Engineering Division , Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge , Tennessee 37831 , United States
| | - Wei Liu
- Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , Jiangsu , China
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13
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Garrido Torres JA, Simpson GJ, Adams CJ, Früchtl HA, Schaub R. On-Demand Final State Control of a Surface-Bound Bistable Single Molecule Switch. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:2950-2956. [PMID: 29613810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Modern electronic devices perform their defined action because of the complete reliability of their individual active components (transistors, switches, diodes, and so forth). For instance, to encode basic computer units (bits) an electrical switch can be used. The reliability of the switch ensures that the desired outcome (the component's final state, 0 or 1) can be selected with certainty. No practical data storage device would otherwise exist. This reliability criterion will necessarily need to hold true for future molecular electronics to have the opportunity to emerge as a viable miniaturization alternative to our current silicon-based technology. Molecular electronics target the use of single-molecules to perform the actions of individual electronic components. On-demand final state control over a bistable unimolecular component has therefore been one of the main challenges in the past decade (1-5) but has yet to be achieved. In this Letter, we demonstrate how control of the final state of a surface-supported bistable single molecule switch can be realized. On the basis of the observations and deductions presented here, we further suggest an alternative strategy to achieve final state control in unimolecular bistable switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Garrido Torres
- EaStCHEM and School of Chemistry , University of St. Andrews , St. Andrews KY16 9ST , United Kingdom
| | - Grant J Simpson
- EaStCHEM and School of Chemistry , University of St. Andrews , St. Andrews KY16 9ST , United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Adams
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Bristol BS8 1TS , United Kingdom
| | - Herbert A Früchtl
- EaStCHEM and School of Chemistry , University of St. Andrews , St. Andrews KY16 9ST , United Kingdom
| | - Renald Schaub
- EaStCHEM and School of Chemistry , University of St. Andrews , St. Andrews KY16 9ST , United Kingdom
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14
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Lei H, Karsenti PL, Harvey PD. Azophenine as Central Core for Efficient Light Harvesting Devices. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:596-611. [PMID: 29205732 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201701183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The notoriously non-luminescent uncycled azophenine (Q) was harnessed with Bodipy and zinc(II)porphyrin antennas to probe its fluorescence properties, its ability to act as a singlet excited state energy acceptor and to mediate the transfer. Two near-IR emissions are depicted from time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy, which are most likely due to the presence of tautomers of very similar calculated total energies (350 cm-1 ; DFT; B3LYP). The rates for energy transfer, kET (S1 ), for 1 Bodipy*→Q are in the order of 1010 -1011 s-1 and are surprisingly fast when considering the low absorptivity properties of the lowest energy charge transfer excited state of azophenine. The rational is provided by the calculated frontier molecular orbitals (MOs) which show atomic contributions in the C6 H4 C≡CC6 H4 arms, thus favoring the double electron exchange mechanism. In the mixed-antenna Bodipy-porphyrin star molecule, the rate for 1 Bodipy*→porphyrin has also been evaluated (≈16×1010 s-1 ) and is among the fastest rates reported for Bodipy-zinc(II)porphyrin pairs. This astonishing result is again explained from the atomic contributions of the C6 H4 C≡CC6 H4 and C≡CC6 H4 arms thus favouring the Dexter process. Here, for the first time, this process is found to be sensitively temperature-dependent. The azophenine turns out to be excellent for electronic communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Lei
- Département de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, PQ, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | | | - Pierre D Harvey
- Département de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, PQ, J1K 2R1, Canada
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15
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Irshaidat T. Toward Exploring Novel Organic Materials: MP4-DFT Properties of 4-Amino-3-Iminoindene. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22050720. [PMID: 28468290 PMCID: PMC6154669 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tautomerism links with many applications and remains an attracting feature in exploring novel systems. In this regard, properties of indene-based HNCCCN segments have not received any considerable attention. In this computational organic chemistry study, first, to calculate the proton transfer energy barrier at a reasonable cost, the study identified an accurate forth order Møller–Plesset perturbation theory-density functional theory (MP4-DFT) protocol equivalent to the outstanding pioneering benchmark calculations. The calculations illustrate that the two tautomers of the 4-amino-3-iminoindene nucleus are separated by a considerable energy barrier while featuring different molecular orbital characteristics; frontier orbital distribution, λmax, and energies, which are known basic requirements in molecular switching and logic circuit applications. The N-H/BH2 substitution was found to have significant influence on the electronic structure of the skeleton. Similarities in the two tautomers and the boron derivative to properties of known molecular materials have been found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tareq Irshaidat
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, P. O. Box 20, Ma'an, Jordan.
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16
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Novko D, Blanco-Rey M, Tremblay JC. Intermode Coupling Drives the Irreversible Tautomerization in Porphycene on Copper(111) Induced by Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:1053-1059. [PMID: 28198627 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this contribution, we develop a nonadiabatic theory that explains, from first-principles, the recently reported irreversible trans → cis tautomerization of porphycene on Cu(111) induced by a scanning tunnelling microscope at finite bias. The inelastic contribution to the STM current is found to excite a large number of skeletal vibrational modes of the molecule, thereby inducing a deformation of the potential energy landscape along the hydrogen transfer coordinate. Above a threshold bias, the stability of the tautomers is reversed, which indirectly drives the reaction via intermode coupling. The proposed potential deformation term accounts effectively for the excitation of all internal vibrational modes without increasing the dimensionality of the problem. The model yields information about reaction rates, explains the reaction irreversibility at low temperatures, and accounts for the presence of resonant processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dino Novko
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - María Blanco-Rey
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Departamento de Fı́sica de Materiales, Facultad de Quı́micas UPV/EHU , Apartado 1072, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jean Christophe Tremblay
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin , Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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17
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Lei H, Aly SM, Karsenti PL, Fortin D, Harvey PD. Luminescent Organometallic Complexes Built upon the Nonemissive Azophenine. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hu Lei
- Département
de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1
| | - Shawkat M. Aly
- Département
de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1
| | | | - Daniel Fortin
- Département
de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1
| | - Pierre D. Harvey
- Département
de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1
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18
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Novko D, Tremblay JC, Blanco-Rey M. On the tautomerisation of porphycene on copper (111): Finding the subtle balance between van der Waals interactions and hybridisation. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:244701. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4972213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dino Novko
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jean Christophe Tremblay
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - María Blanco-Rey
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Facultad de Químicas UPV/EHU, Apartado 1072, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
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19
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Borca B, Schendel V, Pétuya R, Pentegov I, Michnowicz T, Kraft U, Klauk H, Arnau A, Wahl P, Schlickum U, Kern K. Bipolar Conductance Switching of Single Anthradithiophene Molecules. ACS NANO 2015; 9:12506-12512. [PMID: 26580569 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b06000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Single molecular switches are basic device elements in organic electronics. The pentacene analogue anthradithiophene (ADT) shows a fully reversible binary switching between different adsorption conformations on a metallic surface accompanied by a charge transfer. These transitions are activated locally in single molecules in a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope . The switching induces changes between bistable orbital structures and energy level alignment at the interface. The most stable geometry, the "off" state, which all molecules adopt upon evaporation, corresponds to a short adsorption distance at which the electronic interactions of the acene rings bend the central part of the molecule toward the surface accompanied by a significant charge transfer from the metallic surface to the ADT molecules. This leads to a shift of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital down to the Fermi level (EF). In the "on" state the molecule has a flat geometry at a larger distance from the surface; consequently the interaction is weaker, resulting in a negligible charge transfer with an orbital structure resembling the highest occupied molecular orbital when imaged close to EF. The potential barrier between these two states can be overcome reversibly by injecting charge carriers locally into individual molecules. Voltage-controlled current traces show a hysteresis characteristic of a bipolar switching behavior. The interpretation is supported by first-principles calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdana Borca
- Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research , 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Verena Schendel
- Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research , 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Rémi Pétuya
- Donostia International Physics Centre , E-20018 Donostia - San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ivan Pentegov
- Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research , 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tomasz Michnowicz
- Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research , 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ulrike Kraft
- Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research , 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hagen Klauk
- Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research , 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andrés Arnau
- Donostia International Physics Centre , E-20018 Donostia - San Sebastián, Spain
- Departamento de Fisica de Materiales UPV/EHU and Material Physics Center (MPC), Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU , E-20018 Donostia - San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Peter Wahl
- Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research , 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews , North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - Uta Schlickum
- Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research , 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Klaus Kern
- Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research , 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Institut de Physique de la Matière Condensée, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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20
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Zhang C, Xie L, Wang L, Kong H, Tan Q, Xu W. Atomic-Scale Insight into Tautomeric Recognition, Separation, and Interconversion of Guanine Molecular Networks on Au(111). J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:11795-800. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b07314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Tongji-Aarhus Joint Research
Center for Nanostructures and Functional Nanomaterials, College of
Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Caoan Road
4800, Shanghai 201804, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Xie
- Tongji-Aarhus Joint Research
Center for Nanostructures and Functional Nanomaterials, College of
Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Caoan Road
4800, Shanghai 201804, People’s Republic of China
| | - Likun Wang
- Tongji-Aarhus Joint Research
Center for Nanostructures and Functional Nanomaterials, College of
Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Caoan Road
4800, Shanghai 201804, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huihui Kong
- Tongji-Aarhus Joint Research
Center for Nanostructures and Functional Nanomaterials, College of
Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Caoan Road
4800, Shanghai 201804, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinggang Tan
- Tongji-Aarhus Joint Research
Center for Nanostructures and Functional Nanomaterials, College of
Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Caoan Road
4800, Shanghai 201804, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Xu
- Tongji-Aarhus Joint Research
Center for Nanostructures and Functional Nanomaterials, College of
Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Caoan Road
4800, Shanghai 201804, People’s Republic of China
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21
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Tawfik SA, Cui XY, Ringer SP, Stampfl C. High On/Off Conductance Switching Ratio via H-Tautomerization in Quinone. J Chem Theory Comput 2015; 11:4154-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.5b00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Abdulkader Tawfik
- School of Physics, ‡Australian Centre for Microscopy
and Microanalysis, and School of
Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - X. Y. Cui
- School of Physics, ‡Australian Centre for Microscopy
and Microanalysis, and School of
Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - S. P. Ringer
- School of Physics, ‡Australian Centre for Microscopy
and Microanalysis, and School of
Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - C. Stampfl
- School of Physics, ‡Australian Centre for Microscopy
and Microanalysis, and School of
Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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22
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Trujillo C, Sánchez-Sanz G, Alkorta I, Elguero J. Computational Study of Proton Transfer in Tautomers of 3- and 5-Hydroxypyrazole Assisted by Water. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:2140-50. [PMID: 26033797 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The tautomerism of 3- and 5-hydroxypyrazole is studied at the B3LYP, CCSD and G3B3 computational levels, including the gas phase, PCM-water effects, and proton transfer assisted by water molecules. To understand the propensity of tautomerization, hydrogen-bond acidity and basicity of neutral species is approached by means of correlations between donor/acceptor ability and H-bond interaction energies. Tautomerism processes are highly dependent on the solvent environment, and a significant reduction of the transition barriers upon solvation is seen. In addition, the inclusion of a single water molecule to assist proton transfer decreases the barriers between tautomers. Although the second water molecule further reduces those barriers, its effect is less appreciable than the first one. Neutral species present more stable minima than anionic and cationic species, but relatively similar transition barriers to anionic tautomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Trujillo
- School of Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St. Dublin 2 (Ireland).
| | - Goar Sánchez-Sanz
- School of Physics & Complex and Adaptive Systems Laboratory, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 (Ireland)
| | - Ibon Alkorta
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid (Spain)
| | - José Elguero
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid (Spain)
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23
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Saha P, Saha Roy A, Weyhermüller T, Ghosh P. Metal ion promoted tautomerization and C-N bond cleavage: conversion of catechol to a p-benzoquinone derivative. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:13073-6. [PMID: 25225674 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc05286b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metal ion promoted tautomerization of p-iminoquinone to o-diiminoquinone and a C-N bond cleavage of 2,5-bis(p-tolylamino)-4-p-tolyliminobenzoquinone leading to the conversion of catechol to a p-benzoquinone derivative are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinaki Saha
- Department of Chemistry, R. K. Mission Residential College, Narendrapur, Kolkata-103, India.
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24
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Ohno K, Fujihara T, Nagasawa A. Formation of boron, nickel(II) and iridium(III) complexes with an azophenine derivative: Isomerization, delocalization and extension of the π-conjugated system on coordination. Polyhedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2014.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Abdelhameed M, Langlois A, Fortin D, Karsenti PL, Harvey PD. A drastic substituent effect on the emission properties of quinone diimine models and valuable insight into the excited states of emeraldine. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:11214-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc05178e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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