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Zhu Y, You M, Shi Y, Huang H, Wei Z, He T, Xiong S, Wang Z, Cheng X. Optofluidic Tweezers: Efficient and Versatile Micro/Nano-Manipulation Tools. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1326. [PMID: 37512637 PMCID: PMC10384111 DOI: 10.3390/mi14071326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Optical tweezers (OTs) can transfer light momentum to particles, achieving the precise manipulation of particles through optical forces. Due to the properties of non-contact and precise control, OTs have provided a gateway for exploring the mysteries behind nonlinear optics, soft-condensed-matter physics, molecular biology, and analytical chemistry. In recent years, OTs have been combined with microfluidic chips to overcome their limitations in, for instance, speed and efficiency, creating a technology known as "optofluidic tweezers." This paper describes static OTs briefly first. Next, we overview recent developments in optofluidic tweezers, summarizing advancements in capture, manipulation, sorting, and measurement based on different technologies. The focus is on various kinds of optofluidic tweezers, such as holographic optical tweezers, photonic-crystal optical tweezers, and waveguide optical tweezers. Moreover, there is a continuing trend of combining optofluidic tweezers with other techniques to achieve greater functionality, such as antigen-antibody interactions and Raman tweezers. We conclude by summarizing the main challenges and future directions in this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Zhu
- Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Digital Optics, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Minmin You
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuzhi Shi
- Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Digital Optics, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Haiyang Huang
- Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Digital Optics, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zeyong Wei
- Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Digital Optics, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Tao He
- Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Digital Optics, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Sha Xiong
- School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Zhanshan Wang
- Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Digital Optics, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xinbin Cheng
- Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Digital Optics, Shanghai 200092, China
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Fan X, Walther A. 1D Colloidal chains: recent progress from formation to emergent properties and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:4023-4074. [PMID: 35502721 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00112h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Integrating nanoscale building blocks of low dimensionality (0D; i.e., spheres) into higher dimensional structures endows them and their corresponding materials with emergent properties non-existent or only weakly existent in the individual building blocks. Constructing 1D chains, 2D arrays and 3D superlattices using nanoparticles and colloids therefore continues to be one of the grand goals in colloid and nanomaterial science. Amongst these higher order structures, 1D colloidal chains are of particular interest, as they possess unique anisotropic properties. In recent years, the most relevant advances in 1D colloidal chain research have been made in novel synthetic methodologies and applications. In this review, we first address a comprehensive description of the research progress concerning various synthetic strategies developed to construct 1D colloidal chains. Following this, we highlight the amplified and emergent properties of the resulting materials, originating from the assembly of the individual building blocks and their collective behavior, and discuss relevant applications in advanced materials. In the discussion of synthetic strategies, properties, and applications, particular attention will be paid to overarching concepts, fresh trends, and potential areas of future research. We believe that this comprehensive review will be a driver to guide the interdisciplinary field of 1D colloidal chains, where nanomaterial synthesis, self-assembly, physical property studies, and material applications meet, to a higher level, and open up new research opportunities at the interface of classical disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong Fan
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Andreas Walther
- A3BMS Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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Dietler J, Liang C, Frank S, Müller AK, Greiner A, Möglich A. Photobiologically Directed Assembly of Gold Nanoparticles. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 5:e2000179. [PMID: 34028211 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In nature, photoreceptor proteins undergo molecular responses to light, that exhibit supreme fidelity in time and space and generally occur under mild reaction conditions. To unlock these traits for material science, the light-induced homodimerization of light-oxygen-voltage (LOV) photoreceptors is leveraged to control the assembly of gold nanoparticles. Conjugated to genetically encodable LOV proteins, the nanoparticles are monodispersed in darkness but rapidly assemble into large aggregates upon blue-light exposure. The study establishes a new modality for reaction control in macromolecular chemistry and thus augurs enhanced precision in space and time in diverse applications of gold nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Dietler
- Department of Biochemistry, Photobiochemistry, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, D-95440, Germany
| | - Chen Liang
- Macromolecular Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, D-95440, Germany
| | - Saskia Frank
- Department of Biochemistry, Photobiochemistry, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, D-95440, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Müller
- Macromolecular Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, D-95440, Germany
| | - Andreas Greiner
- Macromolecular Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, D-95440, Germany
| | - Andreas Möglich
- Department of Biochemistry, Photobiochemistry, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, D-95440, Germany
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4
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Soto F, Wang J, Deshmukh S, Demirci U. Reversible Design of Dynamic Assemblies at Small Scales. ADVANCED INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 3:2000193. [PMID: 35663639 PMCID: PMC9165726 DOI: 10.1002/aisy.202000193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Emerging bottom-up fabrication methods have enabled the assembly of synthetic colloids, microrobots, living cells, and organoids to create intricate structures with unique properties that transcend their individual components. This review provides an access point to the latest developments in externally driven assembly of synthetic and biological components. In particular, we emphasize reversibility, which enables the fabrication of multiscale systems that would not be possible under traditional techniques. Magnetic, acoustic, optical, and electric fields are the most promising methods for controlling the reversible assembly of biological and synthetic subunits since they can reprogram their assembly by switching on/off the external field or shaping these fields. We feature capabilities to dynamically actuate the assembly configuration by modulating the properties of the external stimuli, including frequency and amplitude. We describe the design principles which enable the assembly of reconfigurable structures. Finally, we foresee that the high degree of control capabilities offered by externally driven assembly will enable broad access to increasingly robust design principles towards building advanced dynamic intelligent systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Soto
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, 94304-5427, USA
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304-5427, USA
| | - Jie Wang
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, 94304-5427, USA
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304-5427, USA
| | - Shreya Deshmukh
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, 94304-5427, USA
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304-5427, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305-4125, USA
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, 94304-5427, USA
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304-5427, USA
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5
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Fu Q, Li Z, Fu F, Chen X, Song J, Yang H. Stimuli-Responsive Plasmonic Assemblies and Their Biomedical Applications. NANO TODAY 2021; 36:101014. [PMID: 33250931 PMCID: PMC7687854 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2020.101014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Among the diverse development of stimuli-responsive assemblies, plasmonic nanoparticle (NP) assemblies functionalized with responsive molecules are of a major interest. In this review, we outline a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of recently reported studies on in vitro and in vivo assembly/disassembly and biomedical applications of plasmonic NPs, wherein stimuli such as enzymes, light, pH, redox potential, temperature, metal ions, magnetic or electric field, and/or multi-stimuli were involved. Stimuli-responsive assemblies have been applied in various biomedical fields including biosensors, surfaced-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), photoacoustic (PA) imaging, multimodal imaging, photo-activated therapy, enhanced X-ray therapy, drug release, stimuli-responsive aggregation-induced cancer therapy, and so on. The perspectives on the use of stimuli-responsive plasmonic assemblies are discussed by addressing future scientific challenges involving assembly/disassembly strategies and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinrui Fu
- MOE key laboratory for analytical science of food safety and biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Zhi Li
- MOE key laboratory for analytical science of food safety and biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Fengfu Fu
- MOE key laboratory for analytical science of food safety and biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Jibin Song
- MOE key laboratory for analytical science of food safety and biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Huanghao Yang
- MOE key laboratory for analytical science of food safety and biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
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6
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Chang X, Tang W, Feng Y, Yu H, Wu Z, Xu T, Dong H, Li T. Coexisting Cooperative Cognitive Micro‐/Nanorobots. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:2357-2368. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocong Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and SystemHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin Heilongjiang 150001 China
| | - Wentian Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and SystemHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin Heilongjiang 150001 China
| | - Yiwen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and SystemHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin Heilongjiang 150001 China
| | - Hao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and SystemHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin Heilongjiang 150001 China
| | - Zhiguang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and SystemHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin Heilongjiang 150001 China
- Institute of PharmacySechenov University Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Tailin Xu
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing TechnologyUniversity of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
| | - Huijuan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and SystemHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin Heilongjiang 150001 China
| | - Tianlong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and SystemHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin Heilongjiang 150001 China
- Institute of PharmacySechenov University Moscow 119991 Russia
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7
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Nan F, Han F, Scherer NF, Yan Z. Dissipative Self-Assembly of Anisotropic Nanoparticle Chains with Combined Electrodynamic and Electrostatic Interactions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1803238. [PMID: 30239041 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201803238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dissipative self-assembly of colloidal nanoparticles offers the prospect of creating reconfigurable artificial materials and systems, yet the phenomenon only occurs far from thermodynamic equilibrium. Therefore, it is usually difficult to predict and control. Here, a dissipative colloidal solution system, where anisotropic chains with different interparticle separations in two perpendicular directions transiently arise among largely disordered silver nanoparticles illuminated by a laser beam, is reported. The optical field creates a nonequilibrium dissipative state, where a disorder-to-order transition occurs driven by anisotropic electrodynamic interactions coupled with electrostatic interactions. Investigation of the temporal dynamics and spatial arrangements of the nanoparticle system shows that the optical binding strength and entropy of the system are two crucial parameters for the formation of the anisotropic chains and responsible for adaptive behaviors, such as self-replication of dimer units. Formation of anisotropic nanoparticle chains is also observed among colloidal nanoparticles made from other metal (e.g., Au), polymer (e.g., polystyrene), ceramic (e.g., CeO2 ), and hybrid materials (e.g., SiO2 @Au core-shell), suggesting that light-driven self-organization will provide a wide range of opportunities to discover new dissipative structures under thermal fluctuations and build novel anisotropic materials with nanoscale order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Nan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, 13699, USA
| | - Fei Han
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, 13699, USA
| | - Norbert F Scherer
- James Franck Institute and Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Zijie Yan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, 13699, USA
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8
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Krishnan A, Wu SH, Povinelli M. Tunable size selectivity and nanoparticle immobilization on a photonic crystal optical trap. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:5399-5402. [PMID: 30383017 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.005399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We harness residual thermal effects in a low-absorptivity system to manipulate parallel optical trapping of particles on the nanoscale. A photonic crystal is used to generate a 2D array of optical traps. We show that the size selectivity of the trap can be tuned by adding a non-ionic surfactant to the solution, altering the thermophoretic effect that delivers nanoparticles to trapping sites. We further show that particles can be permanently immobilized on the photonic crystal via photopolymerization of the trapping medium.
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9
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Kudo T, Yang SJ, Masuhara H. A Single Large Assembly with Dynamically Fluctuating Swarms of Gold Nanoparticles Formed by Trapping Laser. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:5846-5853. [PMID: 30071730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Laser trapping has been utilized as tweezers to three-dimensionally trap nanoscale objects and has provided significant impacts in nanoscience and nanotechnology. The objects are immobilized at the position where the tightly focused laser beam is irradiated. Here, we report the swarming of gold nanoparticles in which component nanoparticles dynamically interact with each other, keeping their long interparticle distance around the trapping laser focus at a glass/solution interface. A pair of swarms are directionally extended outside the focal spot perpendicular to the linear polarization like a radiation pattern of dipole scattering, while a doughnut-shaped swarm is prepared by circularly polarized trapping laser. The light field is expanded as scattered light through trapped nanoparticles; this modified light field further traps the nanoparticles, and scattering and trapping cooperatively develop. Due to these nonlinear dynamic processes, the dynamically fluctuating swarms are evolved up to tens of micrometers. This finding will open the way to create various swarms of nanoscale objects that interact and bind through the scattered light depending on the properties of the laser beam and the nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhiro Kudo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
| | - Shang-Jan Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
| | - Hiroshi Masuhara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
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10
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Nan F, Yan Z. Probing Spatiotemporal Stability of Optical Matter by Polarization Modulation. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:1396-1401. [PMID: 29378143 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b05128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Light-driven self-organization of plasmonic nanoparticles via optical binding interactions offers a unique route to assemble mesoscale photonic clusters and chains. However, stability becomes an issue when more nanoparticles are added into the clusters and chains, since the theoretical optical binding strength is inhomogeneous and anisotropic in optical matter systems. Here we study the spatiotemporal stability of optical matter chains self-organized by two to eight ultrauniform gold nanospheres in a linearly polarized optical line trap. Perturbations are introduced into the nanosphere chains by periodically switching the polarization to be either parallel or perpendicular to the orientation of the chains, where the spatial and temporal variation of optical binding strength has been revealed. In addition, we found that the average oscillation amplitude and stability of the particles can be tuned by the frequency of polarization modulation. These results demonstrate a new way to study and improve the stability of optical matter and provide a promising strategy in engineering optical forces at the mesoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Nan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clarkson University , Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
| | - Zijie Yan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clarkson University , Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
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11
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Liu C, Xu T, Xu LP, Zhang X. Controllable Swarming and Assembly of Micro/Nanomachines. MICROMACHINES 2017; 9:E10. [PMID: 30393287 PMCID: PMC6187724 DOI: 10.3390/mi9010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Motion is a common phenomenon in biological processes. Major advances have been made in designing various self-propelled micromachines that harvest different types of energies into mechanical movement to achieve biomedicine and biological applications. Inspired by fascinating self-organization motion of natural creatures, the swarming or assembly of synthetic micro/nanomachines (often referred to micro/nanoswimmers, micro/nanorobots, micro/nanomachines, or micro/nanomotors), are able to mimic these amazing natural systems to help humanity accomplishing complex biological tasks. This review described the fuel induced methods (enzyme, hydrogen peroxide, hydrazine, et al.) and fuel-free induced approaches (electric, ultrasound, light, and magnetic) that led to control the assembly and swarming of synthetic micro/nanomachines. Such behavior is of fundamental importance in improving our understanding of self-assembly processes that are occurring on molecular to macroscopic length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conghui Liu
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Tailin Xu
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Li-Ping Xu
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Xueji Zhang
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
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12
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Thrift WJ, Nguyen CQ, Darvishzadeh-Varcheie M, Zare S, Sharac N, Sanderson RN, Dupper TJ, Hochbaum AI, Capolino F, Abdolhosseini Qomi MJ, Ragan R. Driving Chemical Reactions in Plasmonic Nanogaps with Electrohydrodynamic Flow. ACS NANO 2017; 11:11317-11329. [PMID: 29053246 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b05815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles from colloidal solution-with controlled composition, size, and shape-serve as excellent building blocks for plasmonic devices and metasurfaces. However, understanding hierarchical driving forces affecting the geometry of oligomers and interparticle gap spacings is still needed to fabricate high-density architectures over large areas. Here, electrohydrodynamic (EHD) flow is used as a long-range driving force to enable carbodiimide cross-linking between nanospheres and produces oligomers exhibiting sub-nanometer gap spacing over mm2 areas. Anhydride linkers between nanospheres are observed via surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy. The anhydride linkers are cleavable via nucleophilic substitution and enable placement of nucleophilic molecules in electromagnetic hotspots. Atomistic simulations elucidate that the transient attractive force provided by EHD flow is needed to provide a sufficient residence time for anhydride cross-linking to overcome slow reaction kinetics. This synergistic analysis shows assembly involves an interplay between long-range driving forces increasing nanoparticle-nanoparticle interactions and probability that ligands are in proximity to overcome activation energy barriers associated with short-range chemical reactions. Absorption spectroscopy and electromagnetic full-wave simulations show that variations in nanogap spacing have a greater influence on optical response than variations in close-packed oligomer geometry. The EHD flow-anhydride cross-linking assembly method enables close-packed oligomers with uniform gap spacings that produce uniform SERS enhancement factors. These results demonstrate the efficacy of colloidal driving forces to selectively enable chemical reactions leading to future assembly platforms for large-area nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Thrift
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine , Irvine, California 92697-2575, United States
| | - Cuong Q Nguyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine , Irvine, California 92697-2575, United States
| | - Mahsa Darvishzadeh-Varcheie
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine , Irvine, California 92697-2625, United States
| | - Siavash Zare
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine , Irvine, California 92697-2175, United States
| | - Nicholas Sharac
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine , Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Robert N Sanderson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine , Irvine, California 92697-4575, United States
| | - Torin J Dupper
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine , Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Allon I Hochbaum
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine , Irvine, California 92697-2575, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine , Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Filippo Capolino
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine , Irvine, California 92697-2625, United States
| | | | - Regina Ragan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine , Irvine, California 92697-2575, United States
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13
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Wang SF, Kudo T, Yuyama KI, Sugiyama T, Masuhara H. Optically Evolved Assembly Formation in Laser Trapping of Polystyrene Nanoparticles at Solution Surface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:12488-12496. [PMID: 27606971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Assembling dynamics of polystyrene nanoparticles by optical trapping is studied with utilizing transmission/reflection microscopy and reflection microspectroscopy. A single nanoparticle assembly with periodic structure is formed upon the focused laser irradiation at solution surface layer and continuously grows up to a steady state within few minutes. By controlling nanoparticle and salt concentrations in the colloidal solution, the assembling behavior is obviously changed. In the high concentration of nanoparticles, the assembly formation exhibits fast growth, gives large saturation size, and leads to dense packing structure. In the presence of salt, one assembly with the elongated aggregates was generated from the focal spot and 1064 nm trapping light was scattered outwardly with directions, while a small circular assembly and symmetrical expansion of the 1064 nm light were found without salt. The present nanoparticle assembling in optical trapping is driven through multiple scattering in gathered nanoparticles and directional scattering along the elongated aggregates derived from optical association of nanoparticles, which dynamic phenomenon is called optically evolved assembling. Repetitive trapping and release processes of nanoparticles between the assembly and the surrounding solution always proceed, and the steady state at the circular assembly formed by laser trapping is determined under optical and chemical equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Fa Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Tetsuhiro Kudo
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Ken-Ichi Yuyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Teruki Sugiyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology , Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Masuhara
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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Wu SH, Huang N, Jaquay E, Povinelli ML. Near-Field, On-Chip Optical Brownian Ratchets. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:5261-6. [PMID: 27403605 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles in aqueous solution are subject to collisions with solvent molecules, resulting in random, Brownian motion. By breaking the spatiotemporal symmetry of the system, the motion can be rectified. In nature, Brownian ratchets leverage thermal fluctuations to provide directional motion of proteins and enzymes. In man-made systems, Brownian ratchets have been used for nanoparticle sorting and manipulation. Implementations based on optical traps provide a high degree of tunability along with precise spatiotemporal control. Here, we demonstrate an optical Brownian ratchet based on the near-field traps of an asymmetrically patterned photonic crystal. The system yields over 25 times greater trap stiffness than conventional optical tweezers. Our technique opens up new possibilities for particle manipulation in a microfluidic, lab-on-chip environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Hua Wu
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Ningfeng Huang
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Eric Jaquay
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Michelle L Povinelli
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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15
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Wang H, Zhang YL, Xia H, Chen QD, Lee KS, Sun HB. Photodynamic assembly of nanoparticles towards designable patterning. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2016; 1:201-211. [PMID: 32260622 DOI: 10.1039/c5nh00065c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements in nanotechnology have continued to stimulate the development of functional devices based on nanomaterials. However, the controllable assembly of these tiny nanomaterials into functional structures is still a big challenge for further applications; nowhere is this more obvious than in the field of nanodevices. Currently, despite the fact that self-assembly technologies have revealed great potential to reach this end, serious problems with respect to morphology control, designable assembly and even flexible patterning set huge obstacles to the fabrication of functional devices. Nowadays, in addition to self-assembly technologies that make use of interaction forces between different objects, photodynamic assembly (PDA) technology has emerged as a promising route to architect functional materials with the help of optical driving forces towards device fabrication. In this review, we summarize the recent developments in PDA technology for the designable patterning of nanoparticles (NPs). The basic fundamentals of PDA that resort to optical trapping (OT) and typical examples regarding far-field/near-field OT for the PDA of various NPs have been reviewed. In particular, femtosecond laser induced photodynamic assembly (FsL-PDA), which enables the designable patterning of NPs through a direct writing manner, has been introduced. Finally, the current challenges and future prospects of this dynamic field are discussed based on our own opinions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China.
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16
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Kudo T, Wang SF, Yuyama KI, Masuhara H. Optical Trapping-Formed Colloidal Assembly with Horns Extended to the Outside of a Focus through Light Propagation. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:3058-3062. [PMID: 27104966 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report optical trapping and assembling of colloidal particles at a glass/solution interface with a tightly focused laser beam of high intensity. It is generally believed that the particles are gathered only in an irradiated area where optical force is exerted on the particles by laser beam. Here we demonstrate that, the propagation of trapping laser from the focus to the outside of the formed assembly leads to expansion of the assembly much larger than the irradiated area with sticking out rows of linearly aligned particles like horns. The shape of the assembly, its structure, and the number of horns can be controlled by laser polarization. Optical trapping study utilizing the light propagation will open a new avenue for assembling and crystallizing quantum dots, metal nanoparticles, molecular clusters, proteins, and DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhiro Kudo
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Ken-Ichi Yuyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Hiroshi Masuhara
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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17
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Benkouider A, Ronda A, David T, Favre L, Abbarchi M, Naffouti M, Osmond J, Delobbe A, Sudraud P, Berbezier I. Ordered arrays of Au catalysts by FIB assisted heterogeneous dewetting. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:505602. [PMID: 26579983 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/50/505602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Synthesizing Au0.8Si0.2 nanocatalysts that are homogeneous in size and have controlled position is becoming a challenging and crucial prequisite for the fabrication of ordered semiconductor nanowires. In this study, Au0.8Si0.2 nanocatalysts are synthesized via dewetting of Au layers on Si(111) during thermal annealing in an ultra-high vacuum. In the first part of the paper, the mechanism of homogeneous dewetting is analyzed as a function of the Au-deposited thickness (h Au). We distinguish three different dewetting regimes: (I) for a low thickness ([Formula: see text]), a submonolyer coverage of Au is stabilized and there is no dewetting. (II) For an intermediate thickness ([Formula: see text]), there is both dewetting and Au0.8Si0.2 phase formation. The size and density of the Au0.8Si0.2 clusters are directly related to h Au. When cooling down to room temperature, the clusters decompose and reject the Si at the Au/Si substrate interface. (III) For a large thickness ([Formula: see text]), only dewetting takes place, without forming AuSi clusters. In this regime, the dewetting is kinetically controlled by the self-diffusion of Au (activation energy ∼0.43 eV) without evidence of an Si-alloying effect. As a practical consequence, when relying solely on the homogeneous dewetting of Au/Si(111) to form the Au0.8Si0.2 catalysts (without a supply of Si atoms from vapor), regime II should be used to obtain good size and density control. In the second part of the paper, a process for ordering the catalysts using focused ion beam-(FIB) assisted dewetting (heterogeneous dewetting) is developed. We show that no matter what the FIB milling conditions and the Au nominal thickness are, dewetting is promoted by ion beam irradiation and is accompanied by the formation of Au0.8Si0.2 droplets. The droplets preferentially form on the patterned areas, while in similar annealing conditions, they do not form on the unpatterned areas. This behavior is attributed to the larger Au-Si interdiffusion in the patterned areas, which results from the Si amorphization induced by the FIB. A systematic analysis of the position of the nanodroplets shows their preferential nucleation inside the patterns, while thicker platelets of almost pure Au are observed between the patterns. The evolutions of the size homogeneity and the occupancy rate of the patterns are quantified as a function of the FIB dose and annealing temperature. Nice arrays of perfectly ordered AuSi catalysts are obtained after optimizing the FIB and dewetting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Benkouider
- CNRS, Aix-Marseille Uni., IM2NP, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
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18
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Huang N, Martínez LJ, Jaquay E, Nakano A, Povinelli ML. Optical Epitaxial Growth of Gold Nanoparticle Arrays. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:5841-5845. [PMID: 26230429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b01929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We use an optical analogue of epitaxial growth to assemble gold nanoparticles into 2D arrays. Particles are attracted to a growth template via optical forces and interact through optical binding. Competition between effects determines the final particle arrangements. We use a Monte Carlo model to design a template that favors growth of hexagonal particle arrays. We experimentally demonstrate growth of a highly stable array of 50 gold particles with 200 nm diameter, spaced by 1.1 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningfeng Huang
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering and ‡Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Luis Javier Martínez
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering and ‡Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Eric Jaquay
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering and ‡Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Aiichiro Nakano
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering and ‡Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Michelle L Povinelli
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering and ‡Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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