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Atsuta Y, Takeuchi K, Shioda N, Hamada W, Hirai T, Nakamura Y, Oaki Y, Fujii S. Colloidally Stable Polypyrrole Nanoparticles Synthesized by Surfactant-Free Coupling Polymerization. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:14984-14995. [PMID: 37831595 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Surfactant-free polypyrrole (PPy) nanoparticles, which were colloidally stable in aqueous medium, were successfully synthesized by coupling polymerization of pyrrole using Fe(NO3)3 solids in the absence of any colloidal stabilizer. The pyrrole monomers were gradually supplied from the vapor phase, and the coupling reaction of the monomers could proceed to generate PPy in a water medium. The resulting PPy nanoparticles were extensively characterized in terms of diameter, bulk chemical composition, surface chemistry, and colloidal stability by dynamic light scattering, electron microscopy, elemental microanalysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, electrophoresis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The characterization results indicated that the PPy nanoparticles can be colloidally stable based on the electrostatic stabilization mechanism due to cationic charges generated on the PPy molecules by doping during the polymerization. General chemical oxidative polymerization in aqueous medium using the Fe(NO3)3 oxidant without a colloidal stabilizer as a control experiment resulted in generation of atypical PPy aggregates with over a micrometer size, indicating that the polymerization at low ionic strength is essential for colloidal particle formation. Finally, it was demonstrated that the PPy nanoparticles worked as a surfactant-free black-colored particulate emulsifier by adsorption at the oil-water interface to stabilize Pickering-type oil-in-water emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Atsuta
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Environmental and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku 535-8585, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazusa Takeuchi
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Environmental and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku 535-8585, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nano Shioda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Wakana Hamada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Hirai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku 535-8585, Osaka, Japan
- Nanomaterials Microdevices Research Center, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku 535-8585, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Nakamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku 535-8585, Osaka, Japan
- Nanomaterials Microdevices Research Center, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku 535-8585, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuya Oaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Syuji Fujii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku 535-8585, Osaka, Japan
- Nanomaterials Microdevices Research Center, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku 535-8585, Osaka, Japan
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2
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Yeasmin S, Ullah A, Wu B, Zhang X, Cheng LJ. Enzyme-Mimics for Sensitive and Selective Steroid Metabolite Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 36908226 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We present an enzyme-like functional polymer that recognizes nonelectroactive targets and catalyzes their redox reactions for simple, selective steroid metabolite detection. Measuring steroid metabolites, such as cortisol, has been widely adopted to diagnose stress and chronic diseases. Conventional detection method based on competitive immunoassay requires time-consuming labeling processes for signal transduction and unstable biological receptors for biorecognition yet with limited selectivity. Inspired by natural enzymes' target specificity and catalytic nature, we report an enzyme-mimic using electrocatalytic molecularly imprinted polymers (EC-MIP) to achieve label-free, external redox reagent-free, sensitive, and selective electrochemical detection of cortisol. The EC-MIP sensor contains molecularly imprinted cavities for specific cortisol binding and embedded copper phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate (CuPcTS) for electrocatalytic reduction of the ketones on the captured cortisol into alcohols. The direct sensing approach resolves the intrinsic limitations of conventional MIP-based sensors, most notably the use of external redox probes and weak sensing signals. The sensor exhibited a detection limit of 181 pM with significantly enhanced selectivity using a differential sensing mechanism. The new enzyme-like sensor can be modified to detect other targets, offering a simple, robust approach to future health monitoring technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjida Yeasmin
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Ahasan Ullah
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Bo Wu
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Xueqiao Zhang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Li-Jing Cheng
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
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3
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Synthesis, Characterization and Dye Removal Capability of Conducting Polypyrrole/Mn0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4/Graphite Oxide Ternary Composites. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12121624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, ternary composites from polypyrrole (PPy), Mn0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4 (MZF), and graphite oxide (GO) were prepared to remove acid red dye (AR1) from wastewater. MZF was synthesized using spent Zn–C batteries, acid leaching, and sucrose auto-combustion processes; GO was prepared via oxidation and exfoliation of graphite. The composites were prepared by adding MZF and GO during the in-situ polymerization of pyrrole. Different PPy/MZF/GO (PMG) composites were prepared by changing the weight ratios of the PPy, MZF, and GO. We investigated the prepared composites’ structural, magnetic, and electrical/dielectric properties. We evaluated different experimental conditions’ influences on dye removal performance, such as pH, dosage, dye concentration, temperature, and contact time. XRD, FT-IR, and magnetic properties indicated that PPy completely coated the other contents. The electrical/dielectric properties improved while increasing the GO ratio. The PMG at GO content 50 wt.% (PMG50) showed the most efficient ratio for better removing AR1 from wastewater.
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Polypyrrole Nanomaterials: Structure, Preparation and Application. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235139. [PMID: 36501534 PMCID: PMC9738686 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, nanostructured polypyrrole (PPy) has been widely studied because of its many specific properties, which have obvious advantages over bulk-structured PPy. This review outlines the main structures, preparation methods, physicochemical properties, potential applications, and future prospects of PPy nanomaterials. The preparation approaches include the soft micellar template method, hard physical template method and templateless method. Due to their excellent electrical conductivity, biocompatibility, environmental stability and reversible redox properties, PPy nanomaterials have potential applications in the fields of energy storage, biomedicine, sensors, adsorption and impurity removal, electromagnetic shielding, and corrosion resistant. Finally, the current difficulties and future opportunities in this research area are discussed.
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5
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Conjugated Polymer Polypyrrole Nanostructures: Synthesis and Photocatalytic Applications. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2022; 380:32. [PMID: 35717546 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00388-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers (CPs) have been recently widely investigated for their properties and their applications in different fields including photocatalysis. Among the family of CPs, polypyrrole (PPy) has been the most extensively studied owing to its good environmental stability, high electrical conductivity, superior redox properties and easy synthesis. Besides, nanostructured polypyrrole-based nanomaterials are a type of active organic materials for photocatalysis, which is one of their emerging applications. Nanostructuration of polypyrrole can reduce the electron-hole recombination because of short charge transfer distances and reactant adsorption, and product desorption can be enhanced owing to the high surface area offered by nanostructures. This review summarizes synthesis of different nanostructures based on π-conjugated polymer polypyrrole and the latest developments for photocatalytic applications, including degradation of organic pollutants and hydrogen generation.
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Boullanger S, Contal E, Buron CC, Viau L. Pyrrole-tailed imidazolium surface-active monomers: aggregation properties in aqueous solution and polymerization behavior. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Polypyrrole nanoparticles of high electroactivity. Simple synthesis methods and studies on electrochemical properties. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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8
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Karunagaran R, Tran D, Tung TT, Shearer C, Losic D. A Unique Synthesis of Macroporous N-Doped Carbon Composite Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 11:nano11010043. [PMID: 33375351 PMCID: PMC7824199 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Macroporous carbon materials (MCMs) are used extensively for many electrocatalytic applications, particularly as catalysts for oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs)—for example, in fuel cells. However, complex processes are currently required for synthesis of MCMs. We present a rapid and facile synthetic approach to produce tailored MCMs efficiently via pyrolysis of sulfonated aniline oligomers (SAOs). Thermal decomposition of SAO releases SO2 gas which acts as a blowing agent to form the macroporous structures. This process was used to synthesise three specifically tailored nitrogen (N)-doped MCM catalysts: N-SAO, N-SAO (phenol formaldehyde) (PF) and N-SAO-reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the formation of macropores (100–350 µm). Investigation of ORR efficacy showed that N-SAOPF performed with the highest onset potential of 0.98 V (vs. RHE) and N-SAOrGO showed the highest limiting current density of 7.89 mAcm−2. The macroporous structure and ORR efficacy of the MCM catalysts synthesised using this novel process suggest that this method can be used to streamline MCM production while enabling the formation of composite materials that can be tailored for greater efficiency in many applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Karunagaran
- ARC Graphene Research Hub, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (R.K.); (D.T.)
| | - Diana Tran
- ARC Graphene Research Hub, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (R.K.); (D.T.)
| | - Tran Thanh Tung
- ARC Graphene Research Hub, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (R.K.); (D.T.)
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
- Correspondence: (T.T.T.); (D.L.)
| | - Cameron Shearer
- School of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
| | - Dusan Losic
- ARC Graphene Research Hub, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (R.K.); (D.T.)
- Correspondence: (T.T.T.); (D.L.)
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9
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Lu Y, Kacica C, Bansal S, Santino LM, Acharya S, Hu J, Izima C, Chrulski K, Diao Y, Wang H, Yang H, Biswas P, Schaefer J, D'Arcy JM. Synthesis of Submicron PEDOT Particles of High Electrical Conductivity via Continuous Aerosol Vapor Polymerization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:47320-47329. [PMID: 31739664 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b15625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Current state-of-the-art synthetic strategies produce conducting polymers suffering from low processability and unstable chemical and/or physical properties stifling research and development. Here, we introduce a platform for synthesizing scalable submicron-sized particles of the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT). The synthesis is based on a hybrid approach utilizing an aerosol of aqueous oxidant droplets and monomer vapor to engineer a scalable synthetic scheme. This aerosol vapor polymerization technology results in bulk quantities of discrete solid-state submicron particles (750 nm diameter) with the highest reported particle conductivity (330 ± 70 S/cm) so far. Moreover, particles are dispersible in organics and water, obviating the need for surfactants, and remain electrically conductive and doped over a period of months. This enhanced processability and environmental stability enable their incorporation in thermoplastic and cementitious composites for engineering chemoresistive pH and temperature sensors.
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10
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Thu TV, Van Nguyen T, Le XD, Le TS, Van Thuy V, Huy TQ, Truong QD. Graphene-MnFe2O4-polypyrrole ternary hybrids with synergistic effect for supercapacitor electrode. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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11
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Lv G, Tian H, Shao J, Yu D. Synthesis, characterization, and efficient electrohydrodynamic patterning with a high aspect ratio of a soluble oligomerpyrrole derivative. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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12
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Wang M, Zhong L, Cui M, Liu W, Liu X. Nanomolar Level Acetaminophen Sensor Based on Novel Polypyrrole Hydrogel Derived N‐doped Porous Carbon. ELECTROANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced MaterialsMinistry of EducationTaiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi China
| | - Laijin Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 21008, Jiangsu China
| | - Mingzhu Cui
- Institute of Crystalline MaterialsShanxi University Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi China
| | - Weifeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced MaterialsMinistry of EducationTaiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi China
| | - Xuguang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced MaterialsMinistry of EducationTaiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi China
- College of Materials Sciences and EngineeringTaiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi China
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13
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Zhang L, Chai L, Wang M, Lai Y, Lai Y, Li X. Controllable synthesis of carbon nanosheets derived from oxidative polymerisation of m-phenylenediamine. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 533:437-444. [PMID: 30172154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.08.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of high-quality carbon nanosheets with superior physicochemical properties is of particular importance for environmental and catalytic applications. In this research, carbon nanosheets with tunable porosity were successfully synthesized using two-dimensional (2D) poly(m-phenylenediamine) (PmPD) as precursor. The flat polymer precursor was acquired by oxidative polymerisation of m-phenylenediamine coupled with iron ions coordination, which confined an anisotropic growth of polymer within the 2D directions. Moreover, the addition of H2O after the polymerisation is able to indirectly regulate the porosity of the carbon nanosheets. The carbon nanosheets with controllable porosity realize comparable electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction as compared with commercial Pt/C, indicative of great potential to serve as noble metals candidates in the application of zinc/air batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Zhang
- Environmental Engineering Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liyuan Chai
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Mengran Wang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yuekun Lai
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University; College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yanqing Lai
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Environmental Engineering Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Wang M, Cui M, Liu W, Liu X. Highly dispersed conductive polypyrrole hydrogels as sensitive sensor for simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid, dopamine and uric acid. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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15
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Incorporating organic nanospheres into the polyamide layer to prepare thin film composite membrane with enhanced biocidal activity and chlorine resistance. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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16
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Jaworska E, Kisiel A, Michalska A, Maksymiuk K. Electrochemical Properties of Polypyrrole Nanoparticles - The Role of Doping Ions and Synthesis Medium. ELECTROANAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201700685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Jaworska
- Department of Chemistry; University of Warsaw; Pasteura 1 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Anna Kisiel
- Department of Chemistry; University of Warsaw; Pasteura 1 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Agata Michalska
- Department of Chemistry; University of Warsaw; Pasteura 1 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Krzysztof Maksymiuk
- Department of Chemistry; University of Warsaw; Pasteura 1 02-093 Warsaw Poland
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17
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Zhao F, Shi Y, Pan L, Yu G. Multifunctional Nanostructured Conductive Polymer Gels: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications. Acc Chem Res 2017. [PMID: 28649845 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Conductive polymers have attracted significant interest over the past few decades because they synergize the advantageous features of conventional polymeric materials and organic conductors. With rationally designed nanostructures, conductive polymers can further exhibit exceptional mechanical, electrical, and optical properties because of their confined dimensions at the nanoscale level. Among various nanostructured conductive polymers, conductive polymer gels (CPGs) with synthetically tunable hierarchical 3D network structures show great potential for a wide range of applications, such as bioelectronics, and energy storage/conversion devices owing to their structural features. CPGs retain the properties of nanosized conductive polymers during the assembly of the nanobuilding blocks into a monolithic macroscopic structure while generating structure-derived features from the highly cross-linked network. In this Account, we review our recent progress on the synthesis, properties, and novel applications of dopant cross-linked CPGs. We first describe the synthetic strategies, in which molecules with multiple functional groups are adopted as cross-linkers to cross-link conductive polymer chains into a 3D molecular network. These cross-linking molecules also act as dopants to improve the electrical conductivity of the gel network. The microstructure and physical/chemical properties of CPGs can be tuned by controlling the synthetic conditions such as species of monomers and cross-linkers, reaction temperature, and solvents. By incorporating other functional polymers or particles into the CPG matrix, hybrid gels have been synthesized with tailored structures. These hybrid gel materials retain the functionalities from each component, as well as enable synergic effects to improve mechanical and electrical properties of CPGs. We then introduce the unique structure-derived properties of the CPGs. The network facilitates both electronic and ionic transport owing to the continuous pathways for electrons and hierarchical pores for ion diffusion. CPGs also provide high surface area and solvent compatibility, similar to natural gels. With these improved properties, CPGs have been explored to enable novel conceptual devices in diverse applications from smart electronics and ultrasensitive biosensors, to energy storage and conversion devices. CPGs have also been adopted for developing hybrid materials with multifunctionalities, such as stimuli responsiveness, self-healing properties, and super-repellency to liquid. With synthetically tunable physical/chemical properties, CPGs emerge as a unique material platform to develop novel multifunctional materials that have the potential to impact electronics, energy, and environmental technologies. We hope that this Account promotes further efforts toward synthetic control, fundamental investigation, and application exploration of CPGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhao
- Materials
Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Ye Shi
- Materials
Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Lijia Pan
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic
Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Guihua Yu
- Materials
Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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18
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Park SJ, Park CS, Yoon H. Chemo-Electrical Gas Sensors Based on Conducting Polymer Hybrids. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E155. [PMID: 30970834 PMCID: PMC6432045 DOI: 10.3390/polym9050155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Conducting polymer (CP) hybrids, which combine CPs with heterogeneous species, have shown strong potential as electrical transducers in chemosensors. The charge transport properties of CPs are based on chemical redox reactions and provide various chemo-electrical signal transduction mechanisms. Combining CPs with other functional materials has provided opportunities to tailor their major morphological and physicochemical properties, often resulting in enhanced sensing performance. The hybrids can provide an enlarged effective surface area for enhanced interaction and chemical specificity to target analytes via a new signal transduction mechanism. Here, we review a selection of important CPs, including polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene and their derivatives, to fabricate versatile organic and inorganic hybrid materials and their chemo-electrical sensing performance. We focus on what benefits can be achieved through material hybridization in the sensing application. Moreover, state-of-the-art trends in technologies of CP hybrid sensors are discussed, as are limitations and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Joo Park
- Hazards Monitoring Bionano Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, 34141 Daejeon, Korea.
| | - Chul Soon Park
- Hazards Monitoring Bionano Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, 34141 Daejeon, Korea.
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, 61186 Gwangju, Korea.
| | - Hyeonseok Yoon
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, 61186 Gwangju, Korea.
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, 61186 Gwangju, Korea.
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Lv G, Zhang S, Wang G, Shao J, Tian H, Yu D. A methacryl ethyl-functionalized soluble polypyrrole: Synthesis, characterization, and potentiality in rapid fabrication of high-aspect-ratio pillar arrays. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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20
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Jaworska E, Michalska A, Maksymiuk K. Polypyrrole Nanospheres - Electrochemical Properties and Application as a Solid Contact in Ion-selective Electrodes. ELECTROANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201600554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Jaworska
- Department of Chemistry; University of Warsaw; Pasteura 1 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Agata Michalska
- Department of Chemistry; University of Warsaw; Pasteura 1 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Krzysztof Maksymiuk
- Department of Chemistry; University of Warsaw; Pasteura 1 02-093 Warsaw Poland
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21
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Wang Z, Chang J, Hu Y, Yu Y, Guo Y, Zhang B. Water-dispersible Hollow Microporous Organic Network Spheres as Substrate for Electroless Deposition of Ultrafine Pd Nanoparticles with High Catalytic Activity and Recyclability. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:3178-3182. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201601225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Wang
- Department of Chemistry; School of Science; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Jing Chang
- Department of Chemistry; School of Science; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yuchen Hu
- Department of Chemistry; School of Science; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yifu Yu
- Department of Chemistry; School of Science; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yamei Guo
- Department of Chemistry; School of Science; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; School of Science; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin 300072 China
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22
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To JWF, He J, Mei J, Haghpanah R, Chen Z, Kurosawa T, Chen S, Bae WG, Pan L, Tok JBH, Wilcox J, Bao Z. Hierarchical N-Doped Carbon as CO2 Adsorbent with High CO2 Selectivity from Rationally Designed Polypyrrole Precursor. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:1001-9. [PMID: 26717034 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b11955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jianguo Mei
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lijia Pan
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Provincial
Key Laboratory of Photonic and Electronic Materials, School of Electronic
Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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23
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Mondal S, Sangaranarayanan M. A novel, rapid synthetic protocol for controllable sizes, conductivities and monomer units of soluble polypyrrole. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Hallik A, Roosalu K, Mändar H, Joosu L, Marandi M, Tamm J. Thickness dependence of the porosity of PPy/DDS films. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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25
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Doğan F, Kaya İ, Temizkan K. Synthesis route to regioselectively functionalized bifunctional polyarene. POLYM INT 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Doğan
- Polymer Synthesis and Analysis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry; Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University; Çanakkale 17020 Turkey
- Faculty of Education, Secondary Science and Mathematics Education; Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University; Çanakkale 17100 Turkey
| | - İsmet Kaya
- Polymer Synthesis and Analysis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry; Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University; Çanakkale 17020 Turkey
| | - Kevser Temizkan
- Polymer Synthesis and Analysis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry; Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University; Çanakkale 17020 Turkey
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26
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Doğan F, Temizkan K, Kaya İ. A novel shape-controlled synthesis of bifunctional organic polymeric nanoparticles. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Direct electrochemistry of glucose oxidase on novel free-standing nitrogen-doped carbon nanospheres@carbon nanofibers composite film. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9885. [PMID: 25943704 PMCID: PMC4421824 DOI: 10.1038/srep09885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We have proposed a novel free-standing nitrogen-doped carbon nanospheres@carbon nanofibers (NCNSs@CNFs) composite film with high processability for the investigation of the direct electron transfer (DET) of glucose oxidase (GOx) and the DET-based glucose biosensing. The composites were simply prepared by controlled thermal treatment of electrospun polypyrrole nanospheres doped polyacrylonitrile nanofibers (PPyNSs@PAN NFs). Without any pretreatment, the as-prepared material can directly serve as a platform for GOx immobilization. The cyclic voltammetry of immobilized GOx showed a pair of well-defined redox peaks in O2-free solution, indicating the DET of GOx. With the addition of glucose, the anodic peak current increased, while the cathodic peak current decreased, which demonstrated the DET-based bioelectrocatalysis. The detection of glucose based on the DET of GOx was achieved, which displayed high sensitivity, stability and selectivity, with a low detection limit of 2 μM and wide linear range of 12-1000 μM. These results demonstrate that the as-obtained NCNSs@CNFs can serve as an ideal platform for the construction of the third-generation glucose biosensor.
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28
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Liao Y, Weber J, Faul CFJ. Fluorescent Microporous Polyimides Based on Perylene and Triazine for Highly CO2-Selective Carbon Materials. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/ma501662r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaozu Liao
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Jens Weber
- Department
of Chemistry, Hochschule Zittau/Görlitz (University of Applied Science), Theodor-Körner-Allee 16, D-02763 Zittau, Germany
| | - Charl F. J. Faul
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
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29
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Kausaite-Minkstimiene A, Ramanaviciene A, Simanaityte R, Gabrielaitis D, Glumbokaite L, Ramanavicius A. Evaluation of poly(pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid) particles synthesized by enzymatic catalysis. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra16948h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study an environmentally friendly synthesis of poly(pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid) (PCPy) particles dispersed in water–ethanol medium using enzymatic catalysis is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Kausaite-Minkstimiene
- Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Vilnius University
- LT-03225 Vilnius
- Lithuania
| | - A. Ramanaviciene
- Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Vilnius University
- LT-03225 Vilnius
- Lithuania
| | - R. Simanaityte
- Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Vilnius University
- LT-03225 Vilnius
- Lithuania
| | - D. Gabrielaitis
- Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Vilnius University
- LT-03225 Vilnius
- Lithuania
| | - L. Glumbokaite
- Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Vilnius University
- LT-03225 Vilnius
- Lithuania
| | - A. Ramanavicius
- Laboratory of NanoBioTechnology
- Department of Materials Science and Electronics
- Institute of Semiconductor Physics
- State Scientific Research Institute Centre for Physical Sciences and Technology
- LT-01108 Vilnius
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30
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Kłucińska K, Jaworska E, Gryczan P, Maksymiuk K, Michalska A. Synthesis of conducting polymer nanospheres of high electrochemical activity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:12645-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc03705k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We propose a novel approach to obtain conducting polymer nanoparticles with high electrochemical activity and a narrow size distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ewa Jaworska
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Warsaw
- 02-093 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Piotr Gryczan
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Warsaw
- 02-093 Warsaw
- Poland
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31
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Cong K, Ritter M, Stumpf S, Schröter B, Schubert US, Ignaszak A. Metal-Free Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction: Synthesis-Controlled Density of Catalytic Centers and Impact on ORR. ELECTROANAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201400441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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32
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Liao Y, Cai S, Huang S, Wang X, Faul CFJ. Macrocyclic Amine-Linked Oligocarbazole Hollow Microspheres: Facile Synthesis and Efficient Lead Sorbents. Macromol Rapid Commun 2014; 35:1833-9. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201400415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaozu Liao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Shanghai for Science and Technology; 516 Jun-Gong Road Shanghai 200093 China
- Research Center for Analysis and Measurement; Kunming University of Science and Technology; Kunming 650093 China
| | - Sisi Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Shanghai for Science and Technology; 516 Jun-Gong Road Shanghai 200093 China
| | - Shaojun Huang
- Research Center for Analysis and Measurement; Kunming University of Science and Technology; Kunming 650093 China
| | - Xia Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Shanghai for Science and Technology; 516 Jun-Gong Road Shanghai 200093 China
| | - Charl F. J. Faul
- Research Center for Analysis and Measurement; Kunming University of Science and Technology; Kunming 650093 China
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33
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Shen C, Sun Y, Yao W, Lu Y. Facile synthesis of polypyrrole nanospheres and their carbonized products for potential application in high-performance supercapacitors. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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34
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Ju M, Zeng C, Wang C, Zhang L. Preparation of Ultrafine Carbon Spheres by Controlled Polymerization of Furfuryl Alcohol in Microdroplets. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie4029939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minhua Ju
- State
Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, No 5 Xin Mofan Rd., Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Changfeng Zeng
- College
of Mechanic and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, No 5 Xin Mofan Rd., Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Chongqing Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, No 5 Xin Mofan Rd., Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Lixiong Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, No 5 Xin Mofan Rd., Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
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35
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Imani A, Farzi G, Ltaief A. Facile synthesis and characterization of polypyrrole-multiwalled carbon nanotubes by in situ oxidative polymerization. INTERNATIONAL NANO LETTERS 2013. [DOI: 10.1186/2228-5326-3-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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36
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Ruderer MA, Wang C, Schaible E, Hexemer A, Xu T, Müller-Buschbaum P. Morphology and Optical Properties of P3HT:MEH-CN-PPV Blend Films. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma4006999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias A. Ruderer
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle
Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching,
Germany
| | - Cheng Wang
- Advanced Light
Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron
Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Eric Schaible
- Advanced Light
Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron
Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Alexander Hexemer
- Advanced Light
Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron
Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720,
United States
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle
Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching,
Germany
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37
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Liao Y, Yu DG, Wang X, Chain W, Li XG, Hoek EMV, Kaner RB. Carbon nanotube-templated polyaniline nanofibers: synthesis, flash welding and ultrafiltration membranes. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:3856-3862. [PMID: 23525119 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr00441d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Electro-active switchable ultrafiltration membranes are of great interest due to the possibility of external control over permeability, selectivity, anti-fouling and cleaning. Here, we report on hybrid single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)-polyaniline (PANi) nanofibers synthesized by in situ polymerization of aniline in the presence of oxidized SWCNTs. The composite nanofibers exhibit unique morphology of core-shell (SWCNT-PANi) structures with average total diameters of 60 nm with 10 to 30 nm thick PANi coatings. The composite nanofibers are easily dispersed in polar aprotic solvents and cast into asymmetric membranes via a nonsolvent induced phase separation. The hybrid SWCNT-PANi membranes are electrically conductive at neutral pH and exhibit ultrafiltration-like permeability and selectivity when filtering aqueous suspensions of 6 nm diameter bovine serum albumin and 48 nm diameter silica particles. A novel flash welding technique is utilized to tune the morphology, porosity, conductivity, permeability and nanoparticle rejection of the SWCNT-PANi composite ultrafiltration membranes. Upon flash welding, both conductivity and pure water permeability of the membranes improves by nearly a factor of 10, while maintaining silica nanoparticle rejection levels above 90%. Flash welding of SWCNT-PANi composite membranes holds promise for formation of electrochemically tunable membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaozu Liao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
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38
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Attia NF, Geckeler KE. Polyaniline-Polypyrrole Composites with Enhanced Hydrogen Storage Capacities. Macromol Rapid Commun 2013; 34:931-7. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201300060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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39
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Wickramaratne NP, Perera VS, Ralph JM, Huang SD, Jaroniec M. Cysteine-assisted tailoring of adsorption properties and particle size of polymer and carbon spheres. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:4032-4038. [PMID: 23461604 DOI: 10.1021/la400408b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A series of cysteine-stabilized phenolic resin-based polymer and carbon spheres were prepared by the modified Stöber method. Cysteine plays a very important role in the proposed one-pot synthesis of the aforementioned spheres; namely, it acts as a particle stabilizer and a source of heteroatoms (nitrogen and sulfur) that can be introduced into these spheres. The diameter of these spheres can be tuned in the range of 70-610 nm by adjusting the cysteine amount and reaction temperature. Since polymer spheres obtained in the presence of cysteine contain sulfur and nitrogen heteroatoms, they were tested for adsorption of copper ions. It is shown that adsorption isotherms recorded for copper ions can be well fitted by Langmuir equation, giving unprecedented adsorption capacities up to ~65 mg/g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilantha P Wickramaratne
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
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40
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Chemical In Situ Polymerization of Polypyrrole Nanoparticles on the Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic Surface of SiO2 Substrates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/15533174.2011.652279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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41
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Huang Z, Hu S, Zhang N, Chen X, Chen D, Jin Q, Jian X. Effect of volume ratio of acetonitrile to water on the morphology and property of polypyrrole prepared by chemical oxidation method. POLYM ENG SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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42
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Lu AH, Hao GP, Sun Q, Zhang XQ, Li WC. Chemical Synthesis of Carbon Materials With Intriguing Nanostructure and Morphology. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201100606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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43
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Liao Y, Strong V, Chian W, Wang X, Li XG, Kaner RB. Sulfonated Polyaniline Nanostructures Synthesized via Rapid Initiated Copolymerization with Controllable Morphology, Size, and Electrical Properties. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma2024446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaozu Liao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology,
516 Jun-Gong Road, Shanghai 200093, China
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, College of Materials
Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Si-Ping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095-1569
| | - Veronica Strong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095-1569
| | - Wei Chian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology,
516 Jun-Gong Road, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Xia Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology,
516 Jun-Gong Road, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Xin-Gui Li
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, College of Materials
Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Si-Ping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Richard B. Kaner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095-1569
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44
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Vetter CA, Suryawanshi A, Lamb JR, Law B, Gelling VJ. Novel synthesis of stable polypyrrole nanospheres using ozone. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:13719-13728. [PMID: 21939204 DOI: 10.1021/la202947e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel and exceedingly simple method for the aqueous synthesis of stable, unagglomerated polypyrrole nanospheres was investigated. The method is template- and surfactant-free and uses only pyrrole monomer, water, and ozone. When the monomer concentration, exposure time to ozone, and temperature were varied, it was determined that the temperature was the critical factor controlling the particle size through particle size measurements via dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). From the particle size measurements, a particle size distribution with a number-weighted mean diameter of 73 nm and a standard deviation of 18 nm was achieved. The particles were also investigated using ζ-potential measurements, ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis in an effort to determine the identity of the nanoparticles as well as the mechanism by which the nanoparticles are formed and stabilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Vetter
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, 1735 NDSU Research Park Drive, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, United States
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45
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A comparative study of 9,9-bis(4-aminophenyl)fluorene polymers prepared by catalytic and non-catalytic oxidative polymerisation methods. Eur Polym J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2011.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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46
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Ovando-Medina VM, Peralta RD, Mendizábal E, Martínez-Gutiérrez H, Lara-Ceniceros TE, Ledezma-Rodríguez R. Synthesis of polypyrrole nanoparticles by oil-in-water microemulsion polymerization with narrow size distribution. Colloid Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-011-2394-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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47
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Wu CH, Don TM, Chiu WY. Characterization and conversion determination of stable PEDOT latex nanoparticles synthesized by emulsion polymerization. POLYMER 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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