1
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Nam EJ, Cho I, Park H, Paik SR. Multifactorial drug carrier system bringing both chemical and physical therapeutics to the treatment of tumor heterogeneity. J Control Release 2024; 369:101-113. [PMID: 38508524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance have been invincible features of cancer for its complete cure. Despite the advent of immunotherapy, the expansion and diversification of cancer cells evolved even in the absence or presence of drug treatment discourage additional therapeutic interventions. For the eradication of cancer cells, therefore, an 'all-at-once' strategy is required, which exploits both target-selective chemotherapy and non-selective physicotherapy. Multifactorial microcapsules comprising gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and a self-assembly protein of α-synuclein (αS) were fabricated, in which hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs could be separately encapsulated by employing lipid-based inverted micelles (IMs). Their combined physico-chemical therapeutic effects were examined since they also contained both membrane-disrupting IMs and heat-generating AuNPs upon irradiation as physicotherapeutic agents. For the optimal enclosure of IMs containing hydrophilic drugs, a porous inner skeleton made of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) was introduced, which would play the roles of not only compartmentalizing the internal space but also enhancing proteolytic disintegration of the microcapsules to discharge and stabilize IMs to the outside. In fact, hydrophobic paclitaxel and hydrophilic doxorubicin showed markedly enhanced drug efficacy when delivered in the IM-containing microcapsules exhibiting the 'quantal' release of both drugs into the cells whose integrity could be also affected by the IMs. In addition, the remnants of αS-AuNP microcapsules produced via proteolysis also caused cell death through photothermal effect. The multifactorial microcapsules are therefore considered as a promising anti-cancer drug carrier capable of performing combinatorial selective and non-selective chemical and physical therapies to overcome tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jeong Nam
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Engineering Research, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Inyoung Cho
- Interdisciplinary program of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeji Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Engineering Research, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung R Paik
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Engineering Research, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary program of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Chen L, Zhang S, Duan Y, Song X, Chang M, Feng W, Chen Y. Silicon-containing nanomedicine and biomaterials: materials chemistry, multi-dimensional design, and biomedical application. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:1167-1315. [PMID: 38168612 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01022k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The invention of silica-based bioactive glass in the late 1960s has sparked significant interest in exploring a wide range of silicon-containing biomaterials from the macroscale to the nanoscale. Over the past few decades, these biomaterials have been extensively explored for their potential in diverse biomedical applications, considering their remarkable bioactivity, excellent biocompatibility, facile surface functionalization, controllable synthesis, etc. However, to expedite the clinical translation and the unexpected utilization of silicon-composed nanomedicine and biomaterials, it is highly desirable to achieve a thorough comprehension of their characteristics and biological effects from an overall perspective. In this review, we provide a comprehensive discussion on the state-of-the-art progress of silicon-composed biomaterials, including their classification, characteristics, fabrication methods, and versatile biomedical applications. Additionally, we highlight the multi-dimensional design of both pure and hybrid silicon-composed nanomedicine and biomaterials and their intrinsic biological effects and interactions with biological systems. Their extensive biomedical applications span from drug delivery and bioimaging to therapeutic interventions and regenerative medicine, showcasing the significance of their rational design and fabrication to meet specific requirements and optimize their theranostic performance. Additionally, we offer insights into the future prospects and potential challenges regarding silicon-composed nanomedicine and biomaterials. By shedding light on these exciting research advances, we aspire to foster further progress in the biomedical field and drive the development of innovative silicon-composed nanomedicine and biomaterials with transformative applications in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P. R. China
| | - Yanqiu Duan
- Laboratory Center, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, P. R. China.
| | - Xinran Song
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
| | - Meiqi Chang
- Laboratory Center, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Feng
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Chen
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
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3
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Jain P, Jangid AK, Pooja D, Kulhari H. Design of manganese-based nanomaterials for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:577-608. [PMID: 38116805 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00779k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
In the past few years, manganese-based nanostructures have been extensively investigated in the biomedical field particularly to design highly biocompatible theranostics, which can not only act as efficient diagnostic imaging contrast agents but also deliver the drugs to the target sites. The nanoscale size, large surface area-to-volume ratio, availability of cheap precursors, flexibility to synthesize nanostructures with reproducible properties and high yield, and easy scale up are the major reasons for the attraction towards manganese nanostructures. Along with these properties, the nontoxic nature, pH-sensitive degradation, and easy surface functionalization are additional benefits for the use of manganese nanostructures in biomedical and pharmaceutical sciences. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the recent progress made in the synthesis of manganese nanostructures, describe the attempts made to modify their surfaces to impart biocompatibility and stability in biological fluids, and critically discuss their use in magnetic resonance imaging, drug and gene delivery, hyperthermia, photothermal/photodynamic, immunotherapy, biosensing and tumor diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Jain
- School of Nano Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, 382030, India.
- Department of Life Sciences, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Limda Road, Vadodara, Gujarat, 391760, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Jangid
- School of Nano Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, 382030, India.
| | - Deep Pooja
- School of Pharmacy, National Forensic Sciences University, Sector 9, Gandhinagar, 382007, Gujarat, India.
| | - Hitesh Kulhari
- School of Nano Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, 382030, India.
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4
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Zhang X, Wang L, Huang R, Wang J, Yan Q. Perfluoro-tert-butyl Group-Derived Capmatinib: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Its Application in 19 F Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300354. [PMID: 37345408 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Capmatinib is an FDA-approved drug to treat metastatic non-small cell lung cancer with MET-exon 14 skipping. Herein, the perfluoro-tert-butyl group, which possesses nine chemically identical fluorine atoms, was introduced on Capmatinib to afford a targeted 19 F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probe, perfluoro-tert-butyl group-derived Capmatinib (9F-CAP). The 19 F MRI concentration limit was found to be 25 mM in FLASH sequence. Molecular docking simulation, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) (with a Kd of 40.7 μM), half-inhibitory concentration (with a IC50 of 168 nM), Annexin V, and cytotoxicity assays jointly demonstrated that the 9F-CAP targeted cMET protein specifically. Therefore, the targeted imaging capability of 9F-CAP is of great significance for the preoperative diagnosis of specific cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinnan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel, Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd., Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Luting Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Rd., Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ruimin Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Rd., Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jingbo Wang
- Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Rd., Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qifan Yan
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel, Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd., Shanghai, 200237, China
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Tian B, Tian R, Liu S, Wang Y, Gai S, Xie Y, Yang D, He F, Yang P, Lin J. Doping Engineering to Modulate Lattice and Electronic Structure for Enhanced Piezocatalytic Therapy and Ferroptosis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2304262. [PMID: 37437264 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Piezocatalytic therapy, which generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) under mechanical force, has garnered extensive attention for its use in cancer therapy owing to its deep tissue penetration depth and less O2 -dependence. However, the piezocatalytic therapeutic efficiency is limited owing to the poor piezoresponse, low separation of electron-hole pairs, and complicated tumor microenvironment (TME). Herein, a biodegradable, porous Mn-doped ZnO (Mn-ZnO) nanocluster with enhanced piezoelectric effect is constructed via doping engineering. Mn-doping not only induces lattice distortion to increase polarization but also creates rich oxygen vacancies (OV ) for suppressing the recombination of electron-hole pairs, leading to high-efficiency generation of ROS under ultrasound irradiation. Moreover, Mn-doped ZnO shows TME-responsive multienzyme-mimicking activity and glutathione (GSH) depletion ability owing to the mixed valence of Mn (II/III), further aggravating oxidative stress. Density functional theory calculations show that Mn-doping can improve the piezocatalytic performance and enzyme activity of Mn-ZnO due to the presence of OV . Benefiting from the boosting of ROS generation and GSH depletion ability, Mn-ZnO can significantly accelerate the accumulation of lipid peroxide and inactivate glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) to induce ferroptosis. The work may provide new guidance for exploring novel piezoelectric sonosensitizers for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boshi Tian
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials and Applications, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, 466001, P. R. China
| | - Ruixue Tian
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Devices, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, P. R. China
| | - Shaohua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials and Applications, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, 466001, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Shili Gai
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Ying Xie
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Dan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Fei He
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Piaoping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Jun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
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6
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Martinez de la Torre C, Freshwater KA, Looney-Sanders MA, Wang Q, Bennewitz MF. Caveat Emptor: Commercialized Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles Exhibit Unintended Properties. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:18799-18810. [PMID: 37273625 PMCID: PMC10233837 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nano-encapsulated manganese oxide (NEMO) particles are noteworthy contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) due to their bright, pH-switchable signal ("OFF" to "ON" at low pH), high metal loading, and targeting capability for increased specificity. For the first time, we performed a head-to-head comparison of NEMO particles from In-house and commercialized sources (US Nano vs Nanoshel) to assess their potential as bright T1 MRI contrast agents. Manganese oxide nanocrystals (MnO, Mn2O3, and Mn3O4) were systematically evaluated for size, chemistry, release of manganese ions, and MRI signal pre- and post-encapsulation within poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA). Suprisingly, a majority of the commercialized formulations were not as advertised by displaying unintended sizes, morphologies, chemistry, dissolution profiles, and/or MRI signal that precludes in vivo use. US Nano's Mn3O4 and Mn2O3 nanocrystals contained impurities that impacted Mn ion release as well as micron-sized rodlike structures. Nanoshel's MnO and Mn2O3 nanoparticles had very large hydrodynamic sizes (>600 nm). In-house MnO and Nanoshel's Mn3O4 nanoparticles demonstrated the best characteristics with brighter T1 MRI signals, small hydrodynamic sizes, and high encapsulation efficiencies. Our findings highlight that researchers must confirm the properties of purchased nanomaterials before utilizing them in desired applications, as their experimental success may be impacted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Martinez de la Torre
- Department
of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Benjamin M. Statler College
of Engineering and Mineral Resources, West
Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Kasey A. Freshwater
- Department
of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Benjamin M. Statler College
of Engineering and Mineral Resources, West
Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Mara A. Looney-Sanders
- Department
of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Benjamin M. Statler College
of Engineering and Mineral Resources, West
Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Qiang Wang
- Shared
Research Facilities, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Margaret F. Bennewitz
- Department
of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Benjamin M. Statler College
of Engineering and Mineral Resources, West
Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
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7
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Lu Y, Cheng D, Niu B, Wang X, Wu X, Wang A. Properties of Poly (Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid) and Progress of Poly (Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid)-Based Biodegradable Materials in Biomedical Research. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16030454. [PMID: 36986553 PMCID: PMC10058621 DOI: 10.3390/ph16030454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, biodegradable polymers have gained the attention of many researchers for their promising applications, especially in drug delivery, due to their good biocompatibility and designable degradation time. Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is a biodegradable functional polymer made from the polymerization of lactic acid (LA) and glycolic acid (GA) and is widely used in pharmaceuticals and medical engineering materials because of its biocompatibility, non-toxicity, and good plasticity. The aim of this review is to illustrate the progress of research on PLGA in biomedical applications, as well as its shortcomings, to provide some assistance for its future research development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Lu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Dongfang Cheng
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Baohua Niu
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Xiuzhi Wang
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai 264117, China
| | - Xiaxia Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Aiping Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
- Correspondence:
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8
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Rathore A, Shah D, Kaur H. Recent advances in metal oxide/polylactic acid nanocomposites and their applications. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2022.2101375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Rathore
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Dipen Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Shri T. S. Patel P.G. Science College, Ambaliyara, Bayad, India
| | - Harjinder Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
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9
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Glutathione-depleted and cancer-targeted nanocapsules encapsulating bimetallic oxide nanoparticles for enhanced chemo-sonodynamic therapy. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Tian C, Tang Z, Hou Y, Mushtaq A, Naz S, Yu Z, Farheen J, Iqbal MZ, Kong X. Facile Synthesis of Multifunctional Magnetoplasmonic Au-MnO Hybrid Nanocomposites for Cancer Theranostics. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12081370. [PMID: 35458078 PMCID: PMC9027802 DOI: 10.3390/nano12081370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Significant attention is paid to the design of magnetoplasmonic nanohybrids, which exploit synergistic properties for biomedical applications. Here, a facile method was employed to prepare plasmonic magnetic Au-MnO heterostructured hybrid nanoparticles for imaging-guided photothermal therapy of cancers in vitro, with the view to reducing the serious drawbacks of chemotherapy and gadolinium-based contrast agents. The biocompatibility of the prepared Au-MnO nanocomposites was further enhanced by Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved triblock copolymers Pluronic® F-127 and chitosan oligosaccharide (COS), with complementary support to enhance the absorption in the near-infrared (NIR) region. In addition, synthesized COS-PF127@Au-MnO nanocomposites exhibited promising contrast enhancement in T1 MR imaging with a good r1 relaxivity value (1.2 mM-1 s-1), demonstrating a capable substitute to Gd-based toxic contrast agents. In addition, prepared COS-PF127@Au-MnO hybrid nanoparticles (HNPs) produced sufficient heat (62 °C at 200 μg/mL) to ablate cancerous cells upon 808 nm laser irradiation, inducing cell toxicity, and apoptosis. The promising diagnostic and photothermal therapeutic performance demonstrated the appropriateness of the COS-PF127@Au-MnO HNPs as a potential theranostic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Tian
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (C.T.); (Z.T.); (Y.H.); (A.M.); (J.F.)
- Zhejiang-Mauritius Joint Research Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhe Tang
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (C.T.); (Z.T.); (Y.H.); (A.M.); (J.F.)
- Zhejiang-Mauritius Joint Research Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yike Hou
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (C.T.); (Z.T.); (Y.H.); (A.M.); (J.F.)
- Zhejiang-Mauritius Joint Research Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Asim Mushtaq
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (C.T.); (Z.T.); (Y.H.); (A.M.); (J.F.)
- Zhejiang-Mauritius Joint Research Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Shafaq Naz
- Department of Mathematics, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan;
| | - Zhangsen Yu
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Medical Science Research Center, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China;
| | - Jabeen Farheen
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (C.T.); (Z.T.); (Y.H.); (A.M.); (J.F.)
- Zhejiang-Mauritius Joint Research Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Muhammad Zubair Iqbal
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (C.T.); (Z.T.); (Y.H.); (A.M.); (J.F.)
- Zhejiang-Mauritius Joint Research Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Correspondence: (M.Z.I.); (X.K.)
| | - Xiangdong Kong
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (C.T.); (Z.T.); (Y.H.); (A.M.); (J.F.)
- Zhejiang-Mauritius Joint Research Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Correspondence: (M.Z.I.); (X.K.)
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11
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Snoderly HT, Freshwater KA, Martinez de la Torre C, Panchal DM, Vito JN, Bennewitz MF. PEGylation of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Modulates Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12020123. [PMID: 35200382 PMCID: PMC8869785 DOI: 10.3390/bios12020123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Novel metal oxide nanoparticle (NP) contrast agents may offer safety and functionality advantages over conventional gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) for cancer diagnosis by magnetic resonance imaging. However, little is known about the behavior of metal oxide NPs, or of their effect, upon coming into contact with the innate immune system. As neutrophils are the body's first line of defense, we sought to understand how manganese oxide and iron oxide NPs impact leukocyte functionality. Specifically, we evaluated whether contrast agents caused neutrophils to release web-like fibers of DNA known as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are known to enhance metastasis and thrombosis in cancer patients. Murine neutrophils were treated with GBCA, bare manganese oxide or iron oxide NPs, or poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-coated metal oxide NPs with different incorporated levels of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). Manganese oxide NPs elicited the highest NETosis rates and had enhanced neutrophil uptake properties compared to iron oxide NPs. Interestingly, NPs with low levels of PEGylation produced more NETs than those with higher PEGylation. Despite generating a low rate of NETosis, GBCA altered neutrophil cytokine expression more than NP treatments. This study is the first to investigate whether manganese oxide NPs and GBCAs modulate NETosis and reveals that contrast agents may have unintended off-target effects which warrant further investigation.
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12
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PLGA-Based Composites for Various Biomedical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042034. [PMID: 35216149 PMCID: PMC8876940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymeric materials have been extensively explored in the field of nanomedicine; within them, poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) holds a prominent position in micro- and nanotechnology due to its biocompatibility and controllable biodegradability. In this review we focus on the combination of PLGA with different inorganic nanomaterials in the form of nanocomposites to overcome the polymer’s limitations and extend its field of applications. We discuss their physicochemical properties and a variety of well-established synthesis methods for the preparation of different PLGA-based materials. Recent progress in the design and biomedical applications of PLGA-based materials are thoroughly discussed to provide a framework for future research.
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13
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Arkaban H, Karimi Shervedani R, Yaghoobi F, Kefayat A, Ghahremani F. Imaging and therapeutic capabilities of the AuNPs@MnCO3/Mn3O4, coated with PAA and integrated with folic acid, doxorubicin and propidium iodide for murine breast cancer. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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14
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Zhou X, Wang Z, Chan YK, Yang Y, Jiao Z, Li L, Li J, Liang K, Deng Y. Infection Micromilieu‐Activated Nanocatalytic Membrane for Orchestrating Rapid Sterilization and Stalled Chronic Wound Regeneration. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202109469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases West China College of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong 999077 China
| | - Ziyou Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases West China College of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Department of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Yau Kei Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong 999077 China
| | - Yingming Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases West China College of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Department of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Zheng Jiao
- Sichuan University‐Pittsburgh Institute Sichuan University Chengdu 610207 China
| | - Limei Li
- Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center Kunming Medical University Kunming 650500 China
| | - Jiyao Li
- School of Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases West China College of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Department of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Kunneng Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases West China College of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Department of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Yi Deng
- School of Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases West China College of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong 999077 China
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15
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Pattengale B, Neu J, Tada A, Hu G, Karpovich CJ, Brudvig GW. Cation-exchanged conductive Mn2DSBDC metal–organic frameworks: Synthesis, structure, and THz conductivity. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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16
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Xi J, Huang Y, Chen J, Zhang J, Gao L, Fan L, Qian X. Artesunate-loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)/polydopamine-manganese oxides nanoparticles as an oxidase mimic for tumor chemo-catalytic therapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 181:72-81. [PMID: 33771546 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Conventional tumor chemotherapy is limited by its low therapeutic efficacy and side effects, which severely hold back its further application as a first-line agent in clinic. To improve the cure efficacy of cancer, nanozyme with enzyme-like activity has now been extensively investigated as a new strategy for tumor treatment. Herein, an anti-tumor platform based on manganese oxides (MnOx) modified poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)@polydopamine (PDA) nanoparticles (PP-MnOx NPs) as an oxidase mimic was developed. PP-MnOx NPs could not only produce abundant reactive oxygen species to inhibit tumor growth taking advantage of their oxidase-like activity, but also encapsulate and release antitumor drug (artesunate) to function as chemotherapy, achieving remarkable synergistic chemo-catalytic therapeutic effects. As an oxidase mimics, PP-MnOx NPs induced the decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential, down-regulation of Bcl-2, as well as activation of Bax and Caspase-3, demonstrating that the apoptosis triggered by PP-MnOx NPs was mediated via mitochondrial pathways. Importantly, the artesunate in PP-MnOx NPs further promoted this apoptosis. In addition, Mn ions released from PP-MnOx NPs facilitated the tumor-microenvironment-specific T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Taken together, this study well clarifies the antitumor mechanism of artesunate-loaded PP-MnOx NPs and offer a synergistic chemo-catalytic strategy for tumor theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juqun Xi
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Yaling Huang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Lizeng Gao
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Institute of Biophysis, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lei Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China.
| | - Xiaodong Qian
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China.
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17
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Arkaban H, Karimi Shervedani R, Yaghoobi F, Kefayat A. A nanocomposite theranostic system, consisting of AuNPs@MnCO3/Mn3O4 coated with PAA and integrated with folic acid, doxorubicin, and propidium iodide: Synthesis, characterization and examination for capturing of cancer cells. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2021.108566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Zhang H, Li M, Zhu X, Zhang Z, Huang H, Hou L. Artemisinin co-delivery system based on manganese oxide for precise diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:325101. [PMID: 33910182 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abfc6f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment (TME) responsive intelligent system can realize the specific release and uniform distribution of chemotherapy drugs in tumor tissues, to achieve high-efficiency and low-toxic treatment of tumors. In this paper, drug delivery system TKD@RBCm-Mn2O3-ART with the above characteristics was constructed. We synthesized hollow mesoporous manganese trioxide (Mn2O3) nanoparticles and firstly found that they owned time-dependent size transformation feature in simulated TME. The particle size decreased from 318 nm to 50 nm and 6 nm at 1 h and 4 h in simulated TME, respectively. Then artemisinin (ART) was loaded into Mn2O3to realize the co-delivery of Mn2+and ART. The modification of homologous red cell membrane (RBCm) and TKD peptide was aimed at long circulation and tumor targeting in the body.In vitroresults demonstrated that in the presence of GSH, the cumulative drug release percentage could achieve 97.5%. Meanwhile, Mn2O3exhibited a good imaging capability in tumor, with the relaxation rate of 6.3113 mM-1s-1. After entering into MCF-7 cells, TKD@RBCm-Mn2O3/ART synchronously released Mn2+and ART to generate large amount of ROS and induce DNA damage.In vivoresults proved TKD@RBCm-Mn2O3/ART could arrive the deep area of solid tumors and achieve accurate diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengting Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Heqing Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Changhai Hospital, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
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19
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Sobańska Z, Roszak J, Kowalczyk K, Stępnik M. Applications and Biological Activity of Nanoparticles of Manganese and Manganese Oxides in In Vitro and In Vivo Models. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1084. [PMID: 33922170 PMCID: PMC8145730 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The expanding applications of nanotechnology seem to be a response to many technological, environmental, and medical challenges. The unique properties of nanoparticles allow for developing new technologies and therapies. Among many investigated compounds is manganese and its oxides, which in the form of nanoparticles, could be a promising alternative for gadolinium-based contrast agents used in diagnostic imaging. Manganese, which is essential for living organisms as an enzyme cofactor, under excessive exposure-for example, due to water contamination or as an occupational hazard for welders-can lead to neurological disorders, including manganism-a condition similar to Parkinson's disease. This review attempts to summarise the available literature data on the potential applications of manganese and manganese oxide nanoparticles and their biological activity. Some of the published studies, both in vitro and in vivo, show negative effects of exposure to manganese, mainly on the nervous system, whereas other data suggest that it is possible to develop functionalised nanoparticles with negligible toxicity and novel promising properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Sobańska
- Department of Translational Research, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 St Teresy St., 91-348 Łódź, Poland; (J.R.); (K.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Joanna Roszak
- Department of Translational Research, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 St Teresy St., 91-348 Łódź, Poland; (J.R.); (K.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Kornelia Kowalczyk
- Department of Translational Research, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 St Teresy St., 91-348 Łódź, Poland; (J.R.); (K.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Maciej Stępnik
- Department of Translational Research, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 St Teresy St., 91-348 Łódź, Poland; (J.R.); (K.K.); (M.S.)
- QSAR Lab Ltd., Trzy Lipy 3 St., 80-172 Gdańsk, Poland
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20
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Fu S, Cai Z, Ai H. Stimulus-Responsive Nanoparticle Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents: Design Considerations and Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001091. [PMID: 32875751 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been widely used for disease diagnosis because it can noninvasively obtain anatomical details of various diseases through accurate contrast between soft tissues. Over one-third of MRI examinations are performed with the assistance of contrast agents. Traditional contrast agents typically display an unchanging signal, thus exhibiting relatively low sensitivity and poor specificity. Currently, advances in stimulus-responsive contrast agents which can alter the relaxation signal in response to a specific change in their surrounding environment provide new opportunities to overcome such limitation. The signal changes based on stimulus also reflects the physiological and pathological conditions of the site of interests. In this review, how to design stimulus-responsive nanoparticle MRI contrast agents from the perspective of theory and surface design is comprehensively discussed. Key structural features including size, clusters, shell features, and surface properties are used for tuning the T1 and T2 relaxation properties. The reversible or non-reversible signal changes highlight the contrast agents have undergone structural changes based on certain stimulus, as an indication for disease diagnosis or therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengxiang Fu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Zhongyuan Cai
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Hua Ai
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
- Department of Radiology West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
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21
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Manganese oxide/Metal-Organic Frameworks-Based Nanocomposites for Tumr Micro-environment Sensitive 1H/19F Dual-mode Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Vivo. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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22
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Martinez de la Torre C, Grossman JH, Bobko AA, Bennewitz MF. Tuning the size and composition of manganese oxide nanoparticles through varying temperature ramp and aging time. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239034. [PMID: 32946514 PMCID: PMC7500698 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese oxide (MnO) nanoparticles (NPs) can serve as robust pH-sensitive contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) due to Mn2+ release at low pH, which generates a ~30 fold change in T1 relaxivity. Strategies to control NP size, composition, and Mn2+ dissolution rates are essential to improve diagnostic performance of pH-responsive MnO NPs. We are the first to demonstrate that MnO NP size and composition can be tuned by the temperature ramping rate and aging time used during thermal decomposition of manganese(II) acetylacetonate. Two different temperature ramping rates (10°C/min and 20°C/min) were applied to reach 300°C and NPs were aged at that temperature for 5, 15, or 30 min. A faster ramping rate and shorter aging time produced the smallest NPs of ~23 nm. Shorter aging times created a mixture of MnO and Mn3O4 NPs, whereas longer aging times formed MnO. Our results indicate that a 20°C/min ramp rate with an aging time of 30 min was the ideal temperature condition to form the smallest pure MnO NPs of ~32 nm. However, Mn2+ dissolution rates at low pH were unaffected by synthesis conditions. Although Mn2+ production was high at pH 5 mimicking endosomes inside cells, minimal Mn2+ was released at pH 6.5 and 7.4, which mimic the tumor extracellular space and blood, respectively. To further elucidate the effects of NP composition and size on Mn2+ release and MRI contrast, the ideal MnO NP formulation (~32 nm) was compared with smaller MnO and Mn3O4 NPs. Small MnO NPs produced the highest amount of Mn2+ at acidic pH with maximum T1 MRI signal; Mn3O4 NPs generated the lowest MRI signal. MnO NPs encapsulated within poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) retained significantly higher Mn2+ release and MRI signal compared to PLGA Mn3O4 NPs. Therefore, MnO instead of Mn3O4 should be targeted intracellularly to maximize MRI contrast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Martinez de la Torre
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States of America
| | - Jasmine H. Grossman
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States of America
| | - Andrey A. Bobko
- Department of Biochemistry and In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States of America
| | - Margaret F. Bennewitz
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States of America
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23
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Urandur S, Banala VT, Shukla RP, Gautam S, Marwaha D, Rai N, Sharma M, Sharma S, Ramarao P, Mishra PR. Theranostic lyotropic liquid crystalline nanostructures for selective breast cancer imaging and therapy. Acta Biomater 2020; 113:522-540. [PMID: 32562804 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the development of theranostic lyotropic liquid crystalline nanostructures (LCN's) loaded with unique MnO nanoparticles (MNPs) for selective cancer imaging and therapy. MNPs serves as a fluorescent agent as well as a source of manganese (Mn2+) and enables localized oxidative stress under the hallmarks of cancer (acidosis, high H2O2 level). In pursuit of synergistic amplification of Mn2+ antitumor activity, betulinic acid (BA) is loaded in LCN's. In this investigation, nano-architecture of LCN's phase interface is established via SAXS, Cryo-TEM and Cryo-FESEM. Intriguing in vitro studies showed that the LCN's triggered hydroxyl radical production and exhibited greater selective cytotoxicity in cancer cells, ensuring the safety of normal cells. Significant tumor ablation is realized by the 96.5 % of tumor growth inhibition index of LCN's as compared to control group. Key insights into on-site drug release, local anti-cancer response, and tumor location are gained through precise guidance of fluorescent MNPs. In addition, comprehensive assessment of the safety, pharmacokinetics and tumor distribution behavior of LCN's is performed in vivo or ex vivo. This work emphasizes the promise of modulating tumor microenvironment with smart endogenous stimuli sensitive nano systems to achieve advanced comprehensive cancer nano-theranostics without any external stimulus. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Effective diagnosis and treatment approaches with maximum anti-cancer activity and minimal side-effects are critical to ameliorate cancer therapy. Compared to radiation, photodynamic and photothermal therapy, the specific and selective activation of tumor microenvironmental endogenous stimuli for the logical generation of cytotoxic OH· free radicals serves as an efficient therapeutic strategy for chemodynamic-cancer treatment. In this investigation, MnO nanoparticles fulfill two needs (fluorescence-based optical imaging and a source of Mn2+ based chemodynamic therapy) in one unit. This approach also ensures the safety of normal cells, as the toxic OH· free radical activity is substantially suppressed under the mild alkaline/H2O2 conditions in normal cell microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Urandur
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Venkatesh Teja Banala
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Ravi Prakash Shukla
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Shalini Gautam
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Disha Marwaha
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Nikhil Rai
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Madhu Sharma
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Shweta Sharma
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Pratibha Ramarao
- Soft Condensed Matter Lab, Raman Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Prabhat Ranjan Mishra
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India.
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24
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Guzy J, Chakravarty S, Buchanan FJ, Chen H, Gaudet JM, Hix JM, Mallett CL, Shapiro EM. Complex Relationship Between Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Degradation and Signal Intensity in Magnetic Particle Imaging. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2020; 3:3991-3999. [PMID: 33163909 PMCID: PMC7643918 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.0c00779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic particle imaging (MPI), using superparamagnetic nanoparticles as an imaging tracer, is touted as a quantitative biomedical imaging technology, but MPI signal properties have never been characterized for magnetic nanoparticles undergoing biodegradation. We show that MPI signal properties can increase or decrease as iron oxide nanoparticles degrade, depending on the nanoparticle formulation and nanocrystal size, and degradation rate and mechanism. Further, we show that long-term in vitro MPI experiments only roughly approximate long-term in vivo MPI signal properties. Further, we demonstrate for the first time, an environmentally sensitive MPI contrast mechanism opening the door to smart contrast paradigms in MPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Guzy
- Department of Radiology and Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Shatadru Chakravarty
- Department of Radiology and Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Foster J. Buchanan
- Department of Radiology and Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Haoran Chen
- Department of Radiology and Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Gaudet
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Magnetic Insight, Alameda, CA 94501, USA
| | - Jeremy M.L. Hix
- Department of Radiology and Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Christiane L. Mallett
- Department of Radiology and Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Erik M. Shapiro
- Department of Radiology and Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Erik M. Shapiro, MSU Radiology, 846 Service Rd, East Lansing, MI 48824, , Phone: 517-884-3270, Fax: 517-432-2849
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25
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Chakravarty S, Hix JML, Wiewiora KA, Volk MC, Kenyon E, Shuboni-Mulligan DD, Blanco-Fernandez B, Kiupel M, Thomas J, Sempere LF, Shapiro EM. Tantalum oxide nanoparticles as versatile contrast agents for X-ray computed tomography. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:7720-7734. [PMID: 32211669 PMCID: PMC7185737 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr01234c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Here, we describe the synthesis, characterization and in vitro and in vivo performance of a series of tantalum oxide (TaOx) based nanoparticles (NPs) for computed tomography (CT). Five distinct versions of 9-12 nm diameter silane coated TaOx nanocrystals (NCs) were fabricated by a sol-gel method with varying degrees of hydrophilicity and with or without fluorescence, with the highest reported Ta content to date (78%). Highly hydrophilic NCs were left bare and were evaluated in vivo in mice for micro-CT of full body vasculature, where following intravenous injection, TaOx NCs demonstrate high vascular CT contrast, circulation in blood for ∼3 h, and eventual accumulation in RES organs; and following injection locally in the mammary gland, where the full ductal tree structure can be clearly delineated. Partially hydrophilic NCs were encapsulated within mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs; TaOx@MSNPs) and hydrophobic NCs were encapsulated within poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA; TaOx@PLGA) NPs, serving as potential CT-imagable drug delivery vehicles. Bolus intramuscular injections of TaOx@PLGA NPs and TaOx@MSNPs to mimic the accumulation of NPs at a tumor site produce high signal enhancement in mice. In vitro studies on bare NCs and formulated NPs demonstrate high cytocompatibility and low dissolution of TaOx. This work solidifies that TaOx-based NPs are versatile contrast agents for CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatadru Chakravarty
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA.
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26
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Susceptibility-weighted imaging for metabolic pathway mapping of low-dosage nanoparticles in organisms. Biomaterials 2020; 230:119631. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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27
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He T, Qin X, Jiang C, Jiang D, Lei S, Lin J, Zhu WG, Qu J, Huang P. Tumor pH-responsive metastable-phase manganese sulfide nanotheranostics for traceable hydrogen sulfide gas therapy primed chemodynamic therapy. Theranostics 2020; 10:2453-2462. [PMID: 32194812 PMCID: PMC7052883 DOI: 10.7150/thno.42981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese-based nanomaterials have piqued great interest in cancer nanotheranostics, owing to their excellent physicochemical properties. Here we report a facile wet-chemical synthesis of size-controllable, biodegradable, and metastable γ-phase manganese sulfide nanotheranostics, which is employed for tumor pH-responsive traceable gas therapy primed chemodynamic therapy (CDT), using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a biological template (The final product was denoted as MnS@BSA). The as-prepared MnS@BSA can be degraded in response to the mildly acidic tumor microenvironment, releasing hydrogen sulfide (H2S) for gas therapy and manganese ions for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and CDT. In vitro experiments validated the pH-responsiveness of MnS@BSA at pH 6.8 and both H2S gas and •OH radicals were detected during its degradation. In vivo experiments showed efficiently tumor turn-on T1-weighted MRI, significantly suppressed tumor growth and greatly prolonged survival of tumor-bearing mice following intravenous administration of MnS@BSA. Our findings indicated that MnS@BSA nanotheranostics hold great potential for traceable H2S gas therapy primed CDT of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting He
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xialing Qin
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Dawei Jiang
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Shan Lei
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Wei-Guo Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Instability and Human Disease Prevention, Carson International Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen
| | - Junle Qu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China
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Yaghoobi F, Karimi shervedani R, Torabi M, Kefayat A, Ghahremani F, Farzadniya A. Therapeutic effect of deferrioxamine conjugated to PEGylated gold nanoparticles and complexed with Mn(II) beside the CT scan and MRI diagnostic studies. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.123917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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Kim JG, Jang MS, Kumari N, Choi JK, Im GH, Kwon T, Lee JH, Lee WJ, Lee IS. Differential characterization of hepatic tumors in MR imaging by burst-released Mn 2+-ions from hollow manganese-silicate nanoparticles in the liver. Biomaterials 2019; 230:119600. [PMID: 31727420 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gd3+-based contrast agents monopolize in the clinical MR imaging-based diagnosis of hepatic tumors, however, the inherent toxicity by the released Gd3+-ions triggered an urgent demand for safer alternatives. Here, we demonstrate hollow manganese silicate nanoparticles (HMS), which exert burst-release of Mn2+-ions by switching to physiological acidic condition, exhibiting high effectiveness in hepatic tumor characterization as liver-specific MR contrast agent through the in-depth in vivo MR imaging study and immunohistochemical investigations with three hepatic tumor models (e.g., hepatocellular carcinoma, neuroendocrine carcinoma, adenocarcinoma). Their characteristic time-sequential enhancement patterns in HMS-enhanced MR imaging with improved conspicuity reflect their biological features such as vascularity, cellularity, mitochondrial activity and hepatocellular specificity, and thus allow the disease-specific characterization of various hepatic tumors. HMS-enhanced MR imaging with necrotic hepatocellular carcinoma model suggested the good correlation of the extent of tumor necrosis with residual mitochondrial activity. Such multi-responsive spatio-biological distribution and function of HMS resulting in time-dependent bioimaging coupled with low systemic toxicity sets the clinical potential to accurate diagnosis and therapeutic response in various hepatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Goo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Sun Jang
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Nitee Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Kyu Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun Ho Im
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Taewan Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hee Lee
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea; Departments of Health Science and Technology and Medical Device Management and Research, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jae Lee
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea; Departments of Health Science and Technology and Medical Device Management and Research, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.
| | - In Su Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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30
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Zhan Y, Ehlerding EB, Shi S, Graves SA, Goel S, Engle JW, Liang J, Cai W. Intrinsically Zirconium-89-Labeled Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles for In Vivo Dual-Modality Positron Emission Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2019; 14:900-909. [PMID: 29883560 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2018.2498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Manganese-based nanoparticles (NPs) have recently attracted much attention in the field of biomedical imaging due to their impressive enhanced T1 contrast ability. Although the reported manganese-based NPs have exhibited good imaging capabilities as contrast agents, it is still urgent to develop novel multifunctional manganese-based imaging probes for future biomedical imaging, especially PET/MRI probes. Herein, we present chelator-free zirconium-89 (89Zr, t1/2: 78.4 h) labeling of manganese oxide NPs (Mn3O4@PEG) with ∼78% labeling yield and good stability. Serial positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies non-invasively assessed the biodistribution patterns of the NPs and the feasibility of in vivo dual-modality imaging and lymph-node mapping. Since Mn3O4 NPs exhibited desirable properties for enhanced T1 imaging and the simplicity of chelator-free radiolabeling, [89Zr]Mn3O4@PEG NPs offer a novel, simple, safe and accurate nanoplatforms for future precise cancer imaging and diagnosis.
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31
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Arian M, Zamanian A, Taheri S. Highly water-dispersible calcium lignosulfonate-capped MnO nanoparticles as a T1 MRI contrast agent with exceptional colloidal stability, low toxicity and remarkable relaxivity. RSC Adv 2019; 9:40498-40506. [PMID: 35542658 PMCID: PMC9076238 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09125d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple and efficient method to synthesize highly water-dispersible calcium lignosulfonate-coated manganese oxide nanoparticles as a potential candidate for the current magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T1 contrast agents was reported. Hydrophobic MnO nanoparticles with dimensions of about 10 nm were prepared by thermal decomposition of manganese(ii)acetylacetonate in the presence of oleic acid as a surfactant. The characteristics of the synthesized nanoparticles, cytotoxicity assay and in vitro MRI properties were investigated in detail. Results showed that calcium lignosulfonate has a great influence on the colloidal stability and biocompatibility of MnO nanoparticles in water. Furthermore, this coating agent ensures abundant exposure of external Mn ion with protons of water, which endows the nanoparticles with a longitudinal molar relaxivity (r1) of 4.62 mM−1 s−1. An efficient contrast enhancement effect was observed in the study of MRI investigations. A simple and efficient method to synthesize highly water-dispersible calcium lignosulfonate-coated manganese oxide nanoparticles as a potential candidate for the current magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T1 contrast agents was reported.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Arian
- Biomaterials Research Group
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Department
- Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC)
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Ali Zamanian
- Biomaterials Research Group
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Department
- Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC)
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Salman Taheri
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran (CCERCI)
- Tehran
- Iran
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32
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Wang J, Jiao Y, Shao Y. Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Dual-Mode Chemo-Sonodynamic Therapy by Low-Energy Ultrasound. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E2041. [PMID: 30347751 PMCID: PMC6212853 DOI: 10.3390/ma11102041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Low-energy ultrasound (LEUS), exhibiting obvious advantages as a safe therapeutic strategy, would be promising for cancer therapy. We had synthesized a LEUS-responsive targeted drug delivery system based on functional mesoporous silica nanoparticle for cancer therapy. Paclitaxel (PTX) was loaded in mesoporous silica nanoparticles with a hydrophobic internal channel, and folic acid (FA) functionalized β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) was capped on the surface of the nanoparticles (DESN), which acted as a cancer-targeting moiety and solubilizer. The existence of a hydrophobic internal channel in the DESN was beneficial to the storage of hydrophobic PTX, along with the enhancement of the cavitation effect produced by mild low-energy ultrasound (LEUS, ≤1.0 W/cm², 1 MHz). The DESN showed significantly enhanced cavitation effect, selective targeting, and achieved a rapid drug release under mild LEUS. To investigate the in vivo antitumor efficacy of the DESN upon LEUS irradiation, we established a 4T1 mammary tumor model. The DESN were confirmed to be of great biodegradability/biocompatibility. The tumor growth was significantly inhibited when the mice were treated with DESN (10 mg/kg) + LEUS with the relative tumor volume reduced to 4.72 ± 0.70 compared with the control group (V/V₀ = 17.12 ± 2.75). The DESN with LEUS represented excellent inhibiting effect on tumor cell in vivo. This work demonstrated that DESN mediating dual mode chemo-sonodynamic therapy could be triggered by extracorporeal remote control, may suggest a promising clinical application in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials CAS, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yajing Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials CAS, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
| | - Yiran Shao
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials CAS, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
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33
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Chen Y, Ding X, Zhang Y, Natalia A, Sun X, Wang Z, Shao H. Design and synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical diagnostics. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2018; 8:957-970. [PMID: 30505724 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2018.10.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Sensitive and quantitative characterization of clinically relevant biomarkers can facilitate disease diagnosis and treatment evaluation. Magnetic nanomaterials and their biosensing strategies have recently received considerable attention. Magnetic signals experience little interference from native biological background as most biological molecules have negligible magnetic susceptibilities and thus appear transparent to external magnetic fields. Because of this unique property, magnetic sensing can be applied to both in vivo deep tissue imaging as well as ex vivo point-of-care diagnostics. To exploit this mode of magnetic detection, new advancements in both magnetic material syntheses and sensing technologies have been made. This review focuses on recent developments of magnetic nanomaterials as image contrast agents and diagnostic sensors. These developments have not only enabled precise control of magnetic nanomaterial properties but also expanded the reach of magnetic detection for biomedical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.,Biomedical Institute for Global Health Research and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Xianguang Ding
- Biomedical Institute for Global Health Research and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.,Biomedical Institute for Global Health Research and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Auginia Natalia
- Biomedical Institute for Global Health Research and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Xuecheng Sun
- Biomedical Institute for Global Health Research and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Biomedical Institute for Global Health Research and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Huilin Shao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.,Biomedical Institute for Global Health Research and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138673, Singapore.,Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
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34
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Kwon HJ, Shin K, Soh M, Chang H, Kim J, Lee J, Ko G, Kim BH, Kim D, Hyeon T. Large-Scale Synthesis and Medical Applications of Uniform-Sized Metal Oxide Nanoparticles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1704290. [PMID: 29573296 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201704290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Thanks to recent advances in the synthesis of high-quality inorganic nanoparticles, more and more types of nanoparticles are becoming available for medical applications. Especially, metal oxide nanoparticles have drawn much attention due to their unique physicochemical properties and relatively inexpensive production costs. To further promote the development and clinical translation of these nanoparticle-based agents, however, it is highly desirable to reduce unwanted interbatch variations of the nanoparticles because characterizing and refining each batch are costly, take a lot of effort, and, thus, are not productive. Large-scale synthesis is a straightforward and economic pathway to minimize this issue. Here, the recent achievements in the large-scale synthesis of uniform-sized metal oxide nanoparticles and their biomedical applications are summarized, with a focus on nanoparticles of transition metal oxides and lanthanide oxides, and clarifying the underlying mechanism for the synthesis of uniform-sized nanoparticles. Surface modification steps to endow hydrophobic nanoparticles with water dispersibility and biocompatibility are also briefly described. Finally, various medical applications of metal oxide nanoparticles, such as bioimaging, drug delivery, and therapy, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyek Jin Kwon
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangsoo Shin
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Soh
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hogeun Chang
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghoon Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Lee
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Giho Ko
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hyo Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dokyoon Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeghwan Hyeon
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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35
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Yu L, Lin H, Lu X, Chen Y. Multifunctional Mesoporous Silica Nanoprobes: Material Chemistry–Based Fabrication and Bio‐Imaging Functionality. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201800078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luodan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramic and Superfine MicrostructuresShanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200050 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Han Lin
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramic and Superfine MicrostructuresShanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200050 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Xiangyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramic and Superfine MicrostructuresShanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200050 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramic and Superfine MicrostructuresShanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200050 P. R. China
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36
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Xu W, Sun J, Li L, Peng X, Zhang R, Wang B. Melanin-manganese nanoparticles with ultrahigh efficient clearance in vivo for tumor-targeting T 1 magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:207-215. [PMID: 29210372 DOI: 10.1039/c7bm00635g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous biomaterials in organisms, with native biocompatibility and biodegradability, appear more advantageous in the development of nanoscale diagnostic and therapeutic systems for future clinical translation. Herein, a novel tumor-targeting Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) contrast agent was developed based on Mn2+-chelating ultrasmall water-soluble melanin nanoparticles (MNP-PEG-Mn). The nanoparticles, with a size of about 5.6 nm, presented high chelation stability and showed negligible cytotoxicity as estimated by MTT assay. Moreover, the r1 longitudinal relaxivity (20.56 mM-1 s-1) of MNP-PEG-Mn was much higher than that of Gadodiamide (6.00 mM-1 s-1), which is a clinically approved MRI contrast agent. In vivo MRI experiments revealed excellent tumor-targeting specificity after tumor-bearing mice were intravenously injected with MNP-PEG-Mn. Additionally, MNP-PEG-Mn could be excreted via renal and hepatobiliary pathways with negligible toxicity to body tissues. These preliminary results indicated the clinically translatable potential of MNP-PEG-Mn as a T1 MRI contrast agent for tumor-targeted imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xu
- Department of imaging of Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Molecular Imaging Precision Medical Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanxi Medical University, Platform of Shanxi Scientific and Technological Innovation, Taiyuan 030001, China
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37
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Wang Z, Xue X, He Y, Lu Z, Jia B, Wu H, Yuan Y, Huang Y, Wang H, Lu H, Lam KS, Lin TY, Li Y. Novel redox-responsive polymeric magnetosomes with tunable magnetic resonance property for in vivo drug release visualization and dual-modal cancer therapy. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2018; 28:1802159. [PMID: 31303869 PMCID: PMC6625784 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201802159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring of in vivo drug release from nan by non-invasive approaches Remains very challenging. Herein we report on novel redox-responsive polymeric magnetosomes (PolyMags) with tunable magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) properties for in vivo drug release monitoring and effective dual-modal cancer therapy. The encapsulation of doxorubicin (DOX) significantly decreased PolyMags' T2 contrast enhancement and transverse relaxation rate R2, depending on the drug loading level. The T2 enhancement and R2 could be recovered once the drug was released upon PolyMags' disassembly. T2 & T2* MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) were utilized to quantitatively study the correlation between MRI signal changes and drug release, and discover the MR tuning mechanisms. We visualized the in vivo drug release pattern based on such tunable MRI capability via monitoring the changes in T2-weighted images, T2 & T2* maps and R2 & R2* values. Interestingly, the PolyMags possessed excellent photothermal effect, which could be further enhanced upon DOX loading. The PolyMags were highly efficacious to treat breast tumors on xenograft model with tumor-targeted photothermal-and chemo-therapy, achieving a complete cure rate of 66.7%. The concept reported here is generally applicable to other micellar and liposomal systems for image-guided drug delivery & release applications toward precision cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongling Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China., Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Xiangdong Xue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Yixuan He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Ziwei Lu
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Bei Jia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Ye Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Yee Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Hongwei Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Kit S Lam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Tzu-Yin Lin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, USA
| | - Yuanpei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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38
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Efficient Active Oxygen Free Radical Generated in Tumor Cell by Loading-(HCONH₂)·H₂O₂ Delivery Nanosystem with Soft-X-ray Radiotherapy. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11040596. [PMID: 29649155 PMCID: PMC5951480 DOI: 10.3390/ma11040596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia is known to result in radiotherapy resistance and traditional radiotherapy using super-hard X-ray irradiation can cause considerable damage to normal tissue. Therefore, formamide peroxide (FPO) with high reactive oxygen content was employed to enhance the oxygen concentration in tumor cells and increase the radio-sensitivity of low-energy soft-X-ray. To improve stability of FPO, FPO is encapsulated into polyacrylic acid (PAA)-coated hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (FPO@HMSNs-PAA). On account of the pH-responsiveness of PAA, FPO@HMSNs-PAA will release more FPO in simulated acidic tumor microenvironment (pH 6.50) and subcellular endosomes (pH 5.0) than in simulated normal tissue media (pH 7.40). When exposed to soft-X-ray irradiation, the released FPO decomposes into oxygen and the generated oxygen further formed many reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to significant tumor cell death. The ROS-mediated cytotoxicity of FPO@HMSNs-PAA was confirmed by ROS-induced green fluorescence in tumor cells. The presented FPO delivery system with soft-X-ray irradiation paves a way for developing the next opportunities of radiotherapy toward efficient tumor prognosis.
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39
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Luo Q, Xiao X, Dai X, Duan Z, Pan D, Zhu H, Li X, Sun L, Luo K, Gong Q. Cross-Linked and Biodegradable Polymeric System as a Safe Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agent. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:1575-1588. [PMID: 29260844 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b16345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the low efficacy of clinically used small-molecule gadolinium (Gd)-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) agents, we designed and explored biodegradable macromolecular conjugates as MRI contrast agents. The linear polymeric structure and core-cross-linked formulation possessed different characteristics and features, so we prepared and comparatively studied the two kinds of Gd-based N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA) polymeric systems (the core-cross-linked pHPMA-DOTA-Gd and the linear one) using the clinical agent diethylene-triamine pentaacetic acid-Gd(III) (DTPA-Gd) as a control. This study was aimed to find the optimal polymeric formulation as a biocompatible and efficient MRI contrast agent. The high molecular weight (MW, 181 kDa) and core-cross-linked copolymer was obtained via the cross-linked block linear copolymer and could be degraded to low-MW segments (29 kDa) in the presence of glutathione (GSH) and cleaned from the body. Both core-cross-linked and linear pHPMA-DOTA-Gd copolymers displayed 2-3-fold increased relaxivity (r1 value) than that of DTPA-Gd. Animal studies demonstrated that two kinds of macromolecular systems led to much longer blood circulation time, higher tumor accumulation, and much higher signal intensity compared with the linear and clinical ones. Finally, in vivo and in vitro toxicity studies indicated that the two macromolecular agents had great biocompatibility. Therefore, we performed preliminary but important studies on the Gd-based HPMA polymeric systems as biocompatible and efficient MRI contrast agents and found that the biodegradable core-cross-linked pHPMA-DOTA-Gd copolymer might have greater benefits for the foreground.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Luo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, ‡Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and §West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xueyang Xiao
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, ‡Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and §West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinghang Dai
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, ‡Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and §West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenyu Duan
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, ‡Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and §West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Dayi Pan
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, ‡Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and §West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, ‡Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and §West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xue Li
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, ‡Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and §West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Sun
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, ‡Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and §West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Kui Luo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, ‡Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and §West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, ‡Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and §West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
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40
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Li S, Yuan Y, Yang Y, Li C, McMahon MT, Liu M, Chen S, Zhou X. Potential detection of cancer with fluorinated silicon nanoparticles in 19F MR and fluorescence imaging. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:4293-4300. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb00648b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel fluorinated silicon nanoparticles with strong fluorescence, high 19F-MRI sensitivity and excellent aqueous solubility have been successfully developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Li
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan
- Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Yaping Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan
- Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Yuqi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan
- Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Conggang Li
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan
- Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Michael T. McMahon
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
- Baltimore
- USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging
| | - Maili Liu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan
- Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Shizhen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan
- Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Xin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan
- Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
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41
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Shi L, Hu J, Wu X, Zhan S, Hu S, Tang Z, Chen M, Liu Y. Upconversion core/shell nanoparticles with lowered surface quenching for fluorescence detection of Hg2+ ions. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:16445-16452. [PMID: 30352108 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02853b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we reported a fluorescent nanoprobe assembled with upconversion core/shell nanoparticles and a chromophore ruthenium complex (N719@UCNPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichun Shi
- Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Photoelectric Materials
- School of Science
- Xijing University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Junshan Hu
- School of Physics
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- Department of Information Science
- Hunan University of Science and Technology
- Xiangtan 411201
- China
| | - Shiping Zhan
- Department of Physics and Electronic Science
- Hunan University of Science and Technology
- Xiangtan 411201
- China
| | - Shigang Hu
- Department of Information Science
- Hunan University of Science and Technology
- Xiangtan 411201
- China
| | - Zhijun Tang
- Department of Information Science
- Hunan University of Science and Technology
- Xiangtan 411201
- China
| | - Mingshu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Photoelectric Materials
- School of Science
- Xijing University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Yunxin Liu
- Department of Physics and Electronic Science
- Hunan University of Science and Technology
- Xiangtan 411201
- China
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42
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Peng Y, Zhang F, Huang X, Li B, Guan G, Zhang W, Zou R, Lu X, Hu J. Hydrophilic K2Mn4O8 nanoflowers as a sensitive photothermal theragnosis synergistic platform for the ablation of cancer. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04242f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophilic flower-like K2Mn4O8 is fabricated and works simultaneously as an effective photothermal agent and an ultrasensitive T1-weighted MRI enhancing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Donghua University
- 201620 Shanghai
- China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Trauma Center of Shanghai General Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Shanghai Jiaotong University
- 201620 Shanghai
- China
| | - Xiaojuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Donghua University
- 201620 Shanghai
- China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 200050 Shanghai
- China
| | - Guoqiang Guan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Donghua University
- 201620 Shanghai
- China
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Donghua University
- 201620 Shanghai
- China
| | - Rujia Zou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Donghua University
- 201620 Shanghai
- China
| | - Xinwu Lu
- Department of Vascular Surgery
- Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital
- Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai 200011
- China
| | - Junqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Donghua University
- 201620 Shanghai
- China
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43
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Hu J, Zhan S, Wu X, Hu S, Wu S, Liu Y. Core/shell upconversion nanoparticles with intense fluorescence for detecting doxorubicin in vivo. RSC Adv 2018; 8:21505-21512. [PMID: 35539931 PMCID: PMC9081841 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02928h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Dox) is a chemotherapy medication used to treat cancer. Herein, we report a rapid and efficient method for detecting Dox in vivo based on a NaGdF4:Yb3+,Er3+@NaYF4 core/shell upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) probe. We found that the intensity ratio of green to red emission (IGVRE) bands of the core/shell NaGdF4:Yb3+,Er3+@NaYF4 nanoparticles was sensitive to Dox in blood samples, and drops as the concentration of Dox increases. In addition, the proposed UCNPs probe possessed the advantage that no nanoparticles leaked into the living body, thus overcoming the intrinsic defect (difficulty in removing UCNPs from blood vessels) of the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) approach. This proposed UCNP probe design and results may provide some guidance for the real-time and efficient detection of Dox, and can be helpful in biomedical applications. Doxorubicin (Dox) is a chemotherapy medication used to treat cancer.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Junshan Hu
- Department of Physics and Electronic Science
- China
| | - Shiping Zhan
- Department of Physics and Electronic Science
- China
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- Department of Information Science
- Hunan University of Science and Technology
- Xiangtan 411201
- China
| | - Shigang Hu
- Department of Information Science
- Hunan University of Science and Technology
- Xiangtan 411201
- China
| | - Shaobing Wu
- Department of Physics and Electronic Science
- China
| | - Yunxin Liu
- Department of Physics and Electronic Science
- China
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44
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Zhan Y, Zhan W, Li H, Xu X, Cao X, Zhu S, Liang J, Chen X. In Vivo Dual-Modality Fluorescence and Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Lymph Node Mapping with Good Biocompatibility Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22122208. [PMID: 29231865 PMCID: PMC6149721 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Multifunctional manganese oxide nanoparticles (NPs) with impressive enhanced T₁ contrast ability show great promise in biomedical diagnosis. Herein, we developed a dual-modality imaging agent system based on polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated manganese oxide NPs conjugated with organic dye (Cy7.5), which functions as a fluorescence imaging (FI) agent as well as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imaging agent. The formed Mn₃O₄@PEG-Cy7.5 NPs with the size of ~10 nm exhibit good colloidal stability in different physiological media. Serial FI and MRI studies that non-invasively assessed the bio-distribution pattern and the feasibility for in vivo dual-modality imaging-guided lymph node mapping have been investigated. In addition, histological and biochemical analyses exhibited low toxicity even at a dose of 20 mg/kg in vivo. Since Mn₃O₄@PEG-Cy7.5 NPs exhibited desirable properties as imaging agents and good biocompatibility, this work offers a robust, safe, and accurate diagnostic platform based on manganese oxide NPs for tumor metastasis diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Zhan
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, Shaanxi, China.
- Xidian-Ningbo Information Technology Institute, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Wenhua Zhan
- Department of Radiotherapy, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Hanrui Li
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xinyi Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xu Cao
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Shouping Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jimin Liang
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xueli Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, Shaanxi, China.
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45
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Jin L, Liu J, Tang Y, Cao L, Zhang T, Yuan Q, Wang Y, Zhang H. MnO 2-Functionalized Co-P Nanocomposite: A New Theranostic Agent for pH-Triggered T 1/T 2 Dual-Modality Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Chemo-photothermal Synergistic Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:41648-41658. [PMID: 29116748 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b10608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Construction of stimuli-responsive theranostic nanoagents that can increase the accuracy of imaging diagnosis and boost the therapeutic efficacy has been demonstrated for a promising approach for diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Herein, we constructed a novel theranostic agent with Co-P nanocomposites as core, mesoporous silica as shell, and manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanosheets as gatekeeper, which have been employed for pH-activatable T1/T2 dual-modality magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided chemotherapeutical and photothermal combination anticancer therapy in vitro and in vivo. Co-P core-enabled theranostic platform could be applied for both photothermal therapy and T2-weighted MRI in the normal circulation owing to its strong near-infrared absorbance and intrinsic magnetic properties. In the acidic environment of tumors, MnO2 cap could be dissolved into Mn2+ ions to not only realize pH-responsive on-demand drug release but also activate T1-weighted MRI contrast enhancement. Such T1/T2 dual-mode MR imaging provides further comprehensive details and accurate information for tumor diagnosis, and the on-demand chemo-photothermal synergetic therapy greatly improved the therapeutic effectiveness and effectively mitigated side effects. These findings demonstrate that Co-P@mSiO2@DOX-MnO2 are promising as pH-responsive theranostic agents for tumor diagnosis and treatment, and stimulate interest in exploration of novel stimuli-responsive theranostic nanoagents which posssess good potential for clinical application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ying Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun, 130021 P.R. China
| | | | | | | | - Yinghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry (CIAC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Changchun, 130022 P.R. China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry (CIAC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Changchun, 130022 P.R. China
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46
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Ni D, Bu W, Ehlerding EB, Cai W, Shi J. Engineering of inorganic nanoparticles as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:7438-7468. [PMID: 29071327 PMCID: PMC5705441 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00316a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a highly valuable non-invasive imaging tool owing to its exquisite soft tissue contrast, high spatial resolution, lack of ionizing radiation, and wide clinical applicability. Contrast agents (CAs) can be used to further enhance the sensitivity of MRI to obtain information-rich images. Recently, extensive research efforts have been focused on the design and synthesis of high-performance inorganic nanoparticle-based CAs to improve the quality and specificity of MRI. Herein, the basic rules, including the choice of metal ions, effect of electron motion on water relaxation, and involved mechanisms, of CAs for MRI have been elucidated in detail. In particular, various design principles, including size control, surface modification (e.g. organic ligand, silica shell, and inorganic nanolayers), and shape regulation, to impact relaxation of water molecules have been discussed in detail. Comprehensive understanding of how these factors work can guide the engineering of future inorganic nanoparticles with high relaxivity. Finally, we have summarized the currently available strategies and their mechanism for obtaining high-performance CAs and discussed the challenges and future developments of nanoparticulate CAs for clinical translation in MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalong Ni
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China.
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47
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Zhan Y, Shi S, Ehlerding EB, Graves SA, Goel S, Engle JW, Liang J, Tian J, Cai W. Radiolabeled, Antibody-Conjugated Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles for Tumor Vasculature Targeted Positron Emission Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:38304-38312. [PMID: 29028311 PMCID: PMC5680099 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Manganese oxide nanoparticles (Mn3O4 NPs) have attracted a great deal of attention in the field of biomedical imaging because of their ability to create an enhanced imaging signal in MRI as novel potent T1 contrast agents. In this study, we present tumor vasculature-targeted imaging in mice using Mn3O4 NPs through conjugation to the anti-CD105 antibody TRC105 and radionuclide copper-64 (64Cu, t1/2: 12.7 h). The Mn3O4 conjugated NPs, 64Cu-NOTA-Mn3O4@PEG-TRC105, exhibited sufficient stability in vitro and in vivo. Serial positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies evaluated the pharmacokinetics and demonstrated targeting of 64Cu-NOTA-Mn3O4@PEG-TRC105 to 4T1 murine breast tumors in vivo, compared to 64Cu-NOTA-Mn3O4@PEG. The specificity of 64Cu-NOTA-Mn3O4@PEG-TRC105 for the vascular marker CD105 was confirmed through in vivo, in vitro, and ex vivo experiments. Since Mn3O4 conjugated NPs exhibited desirable properties for T1 enhanced imaging and low toxicity, the tumor-specific Mn3O4 conjugated NPs reported in this study may serve as promising multifunctional nanoplatforms for precise cancer imaging and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Zhan
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710071, China
| | - Sixiang Shi
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, WI, 53705,USA
| | - Emily B. Ehlerding
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, 53705,USA
| | - Stephen A. Graves
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, 53705,USA
| | - Shreya Goel
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, WI, 53705,USA
| | - Jonathan W. Engle
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, 53705,USA
| | - Jimin Liang
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710071, China
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, 53705,USA
| | - Jie Tian
- Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Corresponding Authors: (W. Cai); (J. Tian)
| | - Weibo Cai
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, WI, 53705,USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Corresponding Authors: (W. Cai); (J. Tian)
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48
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Bizeau J, Tapeinos C, Marella C, Larrañaga A, Pandit A. Synthesis and characterization of hyaluronic acid coated manganese dioxide microparticles that act as ROS scavengers. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 159:30-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.07.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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49
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Dai C, Zhang S, Liu Z, Wu R, Chen Y. Two-Dimensional Graphene Augments Nanosonosensitized Sonocatalytic Tumor Eradication. ACS NANO 2017; 11:9467-9480. [PMID: 28829584 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b05215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound (US) can activate sonosensitizers for sonodynamic therapy (SDT), but the low activation efficiency and therapeutic outcome significantly hinder its further clinical translation. Inspired by the principles of semiconductor physics and photocatalysis chemistry, we herein report on augmenting the sonocatalytic efficiency of semiconductor TiO2-based nanosonosensitizers for highly efficient SDT by the integration of two-dimensional (2D) ultrathin graphene with TiO2 nanosonosensitizers. The high electroconductivity of graphene facilitates the separation of the electron (e-) and hole (h+) pairs from the energy band of TiO2 and avoids their recombination upon external US irradiation; thus it significantly augments the therapeutic efficiency of TiO2 nanosonosensitizers for SDT against tumors. By further MnOx functionalization, these 2D composite nanosonosensitizers achieved tumor microenvironment-sensitive (mild acidity) T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of tumors for therapeutic guidance and monitoring. The high photothermal-conversion capability of graphene also synergistically enhanced the SDT efficiency, achieving the complete eradication of a tumor without reoccurrence. This work provides a paradigm for augmenting semiconductor TiO2-based sonocatalytic therapeutic nanomedicine by learning the physiochemical principles from traditional photocatalysis, which also demonstrates a highly efficient noninvasive and safe therapeutic modality for tumor eradication by the nanosonosensitized sonocatalytic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Dai
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200120, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengjian Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center , Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Department of Radiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center , Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Wu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050, People's Republic of China
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50
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Zuo H, Chen W, Li B, Xu K, Cooper H, Gu Z, Xu ZP. MnAl Layered Double Hydroxide Nanoparticles as a Dual-Functional Platform for Magnetic Resonance Imaging and siRNA Delivery. Chemistry 2017; 23:14299-14306. [PMID: 28762580 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Multifunctional nanoparticles for cancer theranosis have been widely explored for effective cancer detection and therapy. In this work, dually functionalised manganese-based layered double hydroxide nanoparticles (Mn-LDH) were examined as an effective anticancer drug/gene delivery system and for T1 -weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in brain cancer theranostics. Such Mn-LDH have been shown to accommodate dsDNA/siRNAs and efficiently deliver them to Neuro-2a cells (N2a). Mn-LDH have also shown high biocompatibility with low cytotoxicity. Importantly, the cell-death siRNA (CD-siRNA) delivered with Mn-LDH more efficiently kills brain cancer cells than the free CD-siRNA. Moreover, Mn-LDH can act as excellent contrast agents for MRI, with an r1 value of 4.47 mm-1 s-1 , which is even higher than that of commercial contrast agents based on Gd complexes (r1 =3.4 mm-1 s-1 ). Altogether, the high delivery efficacy and MRI contrast capability make dual-functional Mn-LDH potential bimodal agents for simultaneous cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huali Zuo
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Weiyu Chen
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Bei Li
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Kewei Xu
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Helen Cooper
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, UNSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Zi Gu
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Zhi Ping Xu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
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