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Sikligar K, Kelley SP, Wagle DV, Ishtaweera P, Baker GA, Atwood JL. Nanocapsules of unprecedented internal volume seamed by calcium ions. Chem Sci 2023; 14:9063-9067. [PMID: 37655039 PMCID: PMC10466372 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01629c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The inception of an unprecedented class of voluminous Platonic solids displaying hierarchical geometry based on pyrogallol[4]arene moieties seamed by divalent calcium ion is described. Single-crystal X-ray structural determination has established the highly conserved geometry of two original Ca2+-seamed nanocapsules to be essentially cubic in shape with C-ethylpyrogallol[4]arene units located along the twelve edges of the cube which are then bridged by metallic polyatomic cations ([Ca4Cl]7+ or [Ca(HCO2)Na4]5+) at the six cube faces. The accessible volume of the nanocapsules is ca. 3500 Å3 and 2500 Å3 and is completely isolated from the exterior of the capsules. These remarkable nanocapsule discoveries cast a spotlight on a marginalized area of synthetic materials chemistry and encourage future exploration of diversiform supramolecular assemblies, networks, and capsules built on calcium, with clear benefits deriving from the intrinsic biocompatibility of calcium. Finally, a proof-of-concept is demonstrated for fluorescent reporter encapsulation and sustained release from the calcium-seamed nanocapsules, suggesting their potential as delivery vehicles for drugs, nutrients, preservatives, or antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanishka Sikligar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri - Columbia 601 S College Avenue Columbia MO - 65211 USA
| | - Steven P Kelley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri - Columbia 601 S College Avenue Columbia MO - 65211 USA
| | - Durgesh V Wagle
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Florida Gulf Coast University 10501 FGCU Blvd. S. Fort Myers FL - 33965 USA
| | - Piyuni Ishtaweera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri - Columbia 601 S College Avenue Columbia MO - 65211 USA
| | - Gary A Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri - Columbia 601 S College Avenue Columbia MO - 65211 USA
| | - Jerry L Atwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri - Columbia 601 S College Avenue Columbia MO - 65211 USA
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2
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Wagle DV, Kelley SP, Baker GA, Sikligar K, Atwood JL. An Indium‐Seamed Hexameric Metal–Organic Cage as an Example of a Hexameric Pyrogallol[4]arene Capsule Conjoined Exclusively by Trivalent Metal Ions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Durgesh V. Wagle
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Missouri 601 S. College Ave. Columbia MO 65211 USA
| | - Steven P. Kelley
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Missouri 601 S. College Ave. Columbia MO 65211 USA
| | - Gary A. Baker
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Missouri 601 S. College Ave. Columbia MO 65211 USA
| | - Kanishka Sikligar
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Missouri 601 S. College Ave. Columbia MO 65211 USA
| | - Jerry L. Atwood
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Missouri 601 S. College Ave. Columbia MO 65211 USA
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3
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Wagle DV, Kelley SP, Baker GA, Sikligar K, Atwood JL. An Indium‐Seamed Hexameric Metal–Organic Cage as an Example of a Hexameric Pyrogallol[4]arene Capsule Conjoined Exclusively by Trivalent Metal Ions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:8062-8065. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Durgesh V. Wagle
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Missouri 601 S. College Ave. Columbia MO 65211 USA
| | - Steven P. Kelley
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Missouri 601 S. College Ave. Columbia MO 65211 USA
| | - Gary A. Baker
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Missouri 601 S. College Ave. Columbia MO 65211 USA
| | - Kanishka Sikligar
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Missouri 601 S. College Ave. Columbia MO 65211 USA
| | - Jerry L. Atwood
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Missouri 601 S. College Ave. Columbia MO 65211 USA
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4
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Xie Y, Zhang C, Hu X, Zhang C, Kelley SP, Atwood JL, Lin J. Machine Learning Assisted Synthesis of Metal–Organic Nanocapsules. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 142:1475-1481. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunchao Xie
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Xiangquan Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Steven P. Kelley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Jerry L. Atwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Jian Lin
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
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5
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Zhang C, Zhang C, Xie Y, Su J, He X, Demaree JD, Griep MH, Atwood JL, Lin J. A Supramolecular Coordination‐Polymer‐Derived Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction. Chemistry 2018; 25:4036-4039. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering University of Missouri Columbia Missouri 65211 USA
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry University of Missouri Columbia Missouri 65211 USA
| | - Yunchao Xie
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering University of Missouri Columbia Missouri 65211 USA
| | - Jheng‐Wun Su
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering University of Missouri Columbia Missouri 65211 USA
| | - Xiaoqing He
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility University of Missouri Columbia Missouri 65211 USA
| | - John D. Demaree
- U.S. Army Research Laboratory Aberdeen Proving Groun Maryland 21005 USA
| | - Mark H. Griep
- U.S. Army Research Laboratory Aberdeen Proving Groun Maryland 21005 USA
| | - Jerry L. Atwood
- Department of Chemistry University of Missouri Columbia Missouri 65211 USA
| | - Jian Lin
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering University of Missouri Columbia Missouri 65211 USA
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6
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Zhang C, Wang F, Patil RS, Barnes CL, Li T, Atwood JL. Hierarchical Self-Assembly of Supramolecular Coordination Polymers Using Giant Metal-Organic Nanocapsules as Building Blocks. Chemistry 2018; 24:14335-14340. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; University of Missouri; 125 Chemistry Building Columbia 65211 USA
| | - Fang Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology; ShanghaiTech University; Shanghai 201210 P. R. China
| | - Rahul S. Patil
- Department of Chemistry; University of Missouri; 125 Chemistry Building Columbia 65211 USA
| | - Charles L. Barnes
- Department of Chemistry; University of Missouri; 125 Chemistry Building Columbia 65211 USA
| | - Tao Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology; ShanghaiTech University; Shanghai 201210 P. R. China
| | - Jerry L. Atwood
- Department of Chemistry; University of Missouri; 125 Chemistry Building Columbia 65211 USA
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7
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Su K, Wu M, Wang W, Zhou M, Yuan D, Hong M. 3D metal-organic frameworks based on lanthanide-seamed dimeric pyrogallol[4]arene nanocapsules. Sci China Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-017-9220-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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8
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Su K, Wu M, Tan Y, Wang W, Yuan D, Hong M. A monomeric bowl-like pyrogallol[4]arene Ti 12 coordination complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:9598-9601. [PMID: 28809411 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc05362b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Herein, an unprecedented monomeric bowl-like coordination complex, Ti12PgC3 (PgC3 = C-propylpyrogallol[4]arene), has been successfully synthesized. To the best of our knowledge, Ti12PgC3 not only presents the first pyrogallol[4]arene-based titanium coordination complex, but also the highest nuclearity titanium coordination complex in the metal-calixarene system. In addition, this titanium coordination complex can effectively degrade the methylene blue (MB) dye under sunlight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kongzhao Su
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.
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9
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Thomas HM, Kumari H, Maddalena J, Mayhan CM, Ellis LT, Adams JE, Deakyne CA. Conformational preference and dynamics of pyrogallol[4]arene: stability, interconversion, and solvent influence. Supramol Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2018.1433831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Harshita Kumari
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Julia Maddalena
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Collin M. Mayhan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Lindsey T. Ellis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - John E. Adams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Carol A. Deakyne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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10
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Huang Y, Zou GD, Li HM, Cui Y, Fan Y. A photoactive {Ti16} metal–organic capsule: structural, photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic properties. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj02992j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A photoactive and highly porous {Ti16} metal–organic coordination capsule with a cavity length of ∼1.4 nm was synthesized, in which photosensitizers and Ti-oxo cluster units can work cooperatively to promote the photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xinyang Normal University
- Xinyang 464000
- China
| | - Guo-Dong Zou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xinyang Normal University
- Xinyang 464000
- China
| | - Hua-Min Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xinyang Normal University
- Xinyang 464000
- China
| | - Ying Cui
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xinyang Normal University
- Xinyang 464000
- China
| | - Yang Fan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xinyang Normal University
- Xinyang 464000
- China
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11
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Zhang C, Sikligar K, Patil RS, Barnes CL, Baker GA, Atwood JL. A M18L6 metal–organic nanocapsule with open windows using mixed macrocycles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:635-637. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc09294f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Introducing defects into metal–organic nanocapsules creates two open windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia
- Columbia MO 65211
- USA
| | - Kanishka Sikligar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia
- Columbia MO 65211
- USA
| | - Rahul S. Patil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia
- Columbia MO 65211
- USA
| | - Charles L. Barnes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia
- Columbia MO 65211
- USA
| | - Gary A. Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia
- Columbia MO 65211
- USA
| | - Jerry L. Atwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia
- Columbia MO 65211
- USA
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12
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Zhang C, Patil RS, Li T, Barnes CL, Teat SJ, Atwood JL. Preparation of Magnesium-Seamed C-Alkylpyrogallol[4]arene Nanocapsules with Varying Chain Lengths. Chemistry 2017; 23:8520-8524. [PMID: 28463424 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Novel supramolecular nanocapsules based on metal-directed assembly have captured tremendous interest due to their applications in fields such as catalysis, selective gas adsorption, and biomedicine. Functionalization of metal-organic nanocapsules (MONCs) by using organic ligands with different pendant groups affords more complexity to the structure and may lead to novel properties. In this work, we report the solvothermal synthesis of a group of magnesium-based MONCs using C-alkylpyrogallol[4]arenes with varying alkyl chain lengths. The structures of these nanocapsules are characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. As expected, a progression in size of the nanocapsules is observed as the alkyl chain length increases. The effect of the chain length on the solubility of MONCs in water has been determined. This work shows the generality of the solvothermal approach for the synthesis of MONCs with different organic ligands and demonstrates that surface functionalization of MONCs may serve as an effective way to tailor their properties. The unique biocompatible nature and inherent large cavity of these magnesium-based MONCs make these nanocapsules promising for potential applications in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, 601 S College Ave, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Rahul S Patil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, 601 S College Ave, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Tao Li
- School of Physical Science & Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Rd, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Charles L Barnes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, 601 S College Ave, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Simon J Teat
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, MS6R2100, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jerry L Atwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, 601 S College Ave, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
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13
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Zhang C, Patil RS, Liu C, Barnes CL, Atwood JL. Controlled 2D Assembly of Nickel-Seamed Hexameric Pyrogallol[4]arene Nanocapsules. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:2920-2923. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Missouri—Columbia, 601 South College Avenue, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Rahul S. Patil
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Missouri—Columbia, 601 South College Avenue, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Chong Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Charles L. Barnes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Missouri—Columbia, 601 South College Avenue, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Jerry L. Atwood
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Missouri—Columbia, 601 South College Avenue, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
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14
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Zhang C, Sikligar K, Patil RS, Barnes CL, Teat SJ, Atwood JL. Self-assembly of M7L2 metal–organic nanocapsules using mixed macrocycles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:9613-9615. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc06099h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The solvothermal synthesis of two M7L2 metal–organic nanocapsules from C-alkyl pyrogallol[3]resorcin[1]arene is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Missouri-Columbia
- Columbia
- USA
| | | | - Rahul S. Patil
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Missouri-Columbia
- Columbia
- USA
| | | | - Simon J. Teat
- Advanced Light Source
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- USA
| | - Jerry L. Atwood
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Missouri-Columbia
- Columbia
- USA
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15
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Zhang C, Patil RS, Li T, Barnes CL, Atwood JL. Self-assembly of magnesium-seamed hexameric pyrogallol[4]arene nanocapsules. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:4312-4314. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc01208j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The magnesium-seamed hexameric pyrogallol[4]arene nanocapsule and its cocrystallization with pyridine molecules are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Missouri-Columbia
- Columbia
- USA
| | - Rahul S. Patil
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Missouri-Columbia
- Columbia
- USA
| | - Tao Li
- School of Physical Science & Technology
- ShanghaiTech University
- Shanghai
- China
| | | | - Jerry L. Atwood
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Missouri-Columbia
- Columbia
- USA
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16
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Zhang C, Patil RS, Barnes CL, Atwood JL. Novel magnesium-seamed organic nanocapsules with hierarchical structural complexity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:12144-12147. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc07390a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel magnesium-seamed organic nanocapsules with hierarchical structural complexity are prepared via endohedral and exterior functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Missouri-Columbia
- Columbia
- USA
| | - Rahul S. Patil
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Missouri-Columbia
- Columbia
- USA
| | | | - Jerry L. Atwood
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Missouri-Columbia
- Columbia
- USA
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17
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Nguyen TN, Wernsdorfer W, Shiddiq M, Abboud KA, Hill S, Christou G. Supramolecular aggregates of single-molecule magnets: exchange-biased quantum tunneling of magnetization in a rectangular [Mn 3] 4 tetramer. Chem Sci 2015; 7:1156-1173. [PMID: 29896376 PMCID: PMC5952871 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02599k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Exchange-biased QTM within a magnetically-supramolecular tetramer of Mn3 single-molecule magnets with spin S = 6 has been analyzed.
The syntheses and properties of four magnetically-supramolecular oligomers of triangular Mn3 units are reported: dimeric [Mn6O2(O2CMe)8(CH3OH)2(pdpd)2] (3) and [Mn6O2(O2CMe)8(py)2(pdpd)2](ClO4)2 (4), and tetrameric [Mn12O4(O2CR)12(pdpd)6](ClO4)4 (R = Me (5), tBu (6)). They were all obtained employing 3-phenyl-1,5-di(pyridin-2-yl)pentane-1,5-dione dioxime (pdpdH2), either in direct synthesis reactions involving oxidation of MnII salts or in metathesis reactions with the preformed complex [Mn3O(O2CMe)6(py)3](ClO4) (1); complex 6 was then obtained by carboxylate substitution on complex 5. Complexes 3 and 4 contain two [MnIII2MnII(μ3-O)]6+ and [MnIII3(μ3-O)]7+ units, respectively, linked by two pdpd2– groups. Complexes 5 and 6 contain four [MnIII3(μ3-O)]7+ units linked by six pdpd2– groups into a rectangular tetramer [MnIII3]4. Solid-state dc magnetic susceptibility studies showed that the Mn3 subunits in 3 and 4 have a ground-state spin of S = 3/2 and S = 2, respectively, while the Mn3 subunits in 5 and 6 possess an S = 6 ground state. Complexes 5 and 6 exhibit frequency-dependent out-of-phase (χ′′M) ac susceptibility signals indicating 5 and 6 to be tetramers of Mn3 single-molecule magnets (SMMs). High-frequency EPR studies of a microcrystalline powder sample of 5·2CH2Cl2 provided precise spin Hamiltonian parameters of D = –0.33 cm–1, |E| = 0.03 cm–1, B04 = –8.0 × 10–5 cm–1, and g = 2.0. Magnetization vs. dc field sweeps on a single crystal of 5·xCH2Cl2 gave hysteresis loops below 1 K that exhibit exchange-biased quantum tunneling of magnetization (QTM) steps with a bias field of 0.19 T. Simulation of the loops determined that each Mn3 unit is exchange-coupled to the two neighbors linked to it by the pdpd2– linkers, with an antiferromagnetic inter-Mn3 exchange interaction of J/kB = –0.011 K (Ĥ = –2Jŝi·ŝj convention). The work demonstrates a rational approach to synthesizing magnetically-supramolecular aggregates of SMMs as potential multi-qubit systems for quantum computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tu N Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611-7200 , USA .
| | | | - Muhandis Shiddiq
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Physics , Florida State University , Tallahassee , Florida 32310 , USA
| | - Khalil A Abboud
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611-7200 , USA .
| | - Stephen Hill
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Physics , Florida State University , Tallahassee , Florida 32310 , USA
| | - George Christou
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611-7200 , USA .
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18
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Kumari H, Deakyne CA, Atwood JL. Solution structures of nanoassemblies based on pyrogallol[4]arenes. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:3080-8. [PMID: 25198830 DOI: 10.1021/ar500222w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanoassemblies of hydrogen-bonded and metal-seamed pyrogallol[4]arenes have been shown to possess novel solution-phase geometries. Further, we have demonstrated that both guest encapsulation and structural rearrangements may be studied by solution-phase techniques such as small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and diffusion NMR. Application of these techniques to pyrogallol[4]arene-based nanoassemblies has allowed (1) differentiation among spherical, ellipsoidal, toroidal, and tubular structures in solution, (2) determination of factors that control the preferred geometrical shape and size of the nanoassemblies, and (3) detection of small variations in metric dimensions distinguishing similarly and differently shaped nanoassemblies in a given solution. Indeed, we have shown that the solution-phase structure of such nanoassemblies is often quite different from what one would predict based on solid-state studies, a result in disagreement with the frequently made assumption that these assemblies have similar structures in the two phases. We instead have predicted solid-state architectures from solution-phase structures by combining the solution-phase analysis with solid-state magnetic and elemental analyses. Specifically, the iron-seamed C-methylpyrogallol[4]arene nanoassembly was found to be tubular in solution and predicted to be tubular in the solid state, but it was found to undergo a rearrangement from a tubular to spherical geometry in solution as a function of base concentration. The absence of metal within a tubular framework affects its stability in both solution and the solid state; however, this instability is not necessarily characteristic of hydrogen-bonded capsular entities. Even metal seaming of the capsules does not guarantee similar solid-state and solution-phase architectures. The rugby ball-shaped gallium-seamed C-butylpyrogallol[4]arene hexamer becomes toroidal on dissolution, as does the spherically shaped gallium/zinc-seamed C-butylpyrogallol[4]arene hexamer. However, the arenes are arranged differently in the two toroids, a variation that accounts for the differences in their sizes and guest encapsulation. Guest encapsulation of biotemplates, such as insulin, has demonstrated the feasibility of synthesizing nanocapsules with a volume three times that of a hexamer. The solution-phase studies have also demonstrated that the self-assembly of dimers versus hexamers can be controlled by the choice of metal, solvent, and temperature. Controlling the size of the host, nature of the metal, and identity of the guest will allow construction of targeted host-guest assemblies having potential uses as drug delivery agents, nanoscale reaction vessels, and radioimaging/radiotherapy agents. Overall, the present series of solid- and solution-phase studies has begun to pave the way toward a more complete understanding of the properties and behavior of complex supramolecular nanoassemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshita Kumari
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Missouri—Columbia, 601 S. College Avenue, Columbia, Missouri 65211-7600, United States
| | - Carol A. Deakyne
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Missouri—Columbia, 601 S. College Avenue, Columbia, Missouri 65211-7600, United States
| | - Jerry L. Atwood
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Missouri—Columbia, 601 S. College Avenue, Columbia, Missouri 65211-7600, United States
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19
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Liu M, Du S, Bi Y, Liao W. A tetrahedral coordination cage based on p-tert-butylthiacalix[4]arene and 5-sulfoisophthalic acid. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Bai YL, Bao X, Zhu S, Fang J, Shao M, Shi H. Self-Assembly of a Mixed-Valent Co32Ring. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201301530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kumari H, Mossine AV, Schuster NJ, Barnes CL, Deakyne CA, Atwood JL. Packing arrangements of copper-seamed C-alkylpyrogallol[4]arene nanocapsules with varying chain lengths. CrystEngComm 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ce42412j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and structural elucidation of copper-seamed C-alkylpyrogallol[4]arene hexamers with different tail lengths (n = 3, 7, 9) reveal differences in packing arrangements.
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Kumari H, Kline SR, Fowler DA, Mossine AV, Deakyne CA, Atwood JL. Solution superstructures: truncated cubeoctahedron structures of pyrogallol[4]arene nanoassemblies. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:109-11. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc47029f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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23
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Mononuclear and polynuclear 5-coordinate zinc(II) model complexes: a quantum chemical calibration study of their structure and energy. Struct Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-013-0346-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kumari H, Dennis CL, Mossine AV, Deakyne CA, Atwood JL. Magnetic Differentiation of Pyrogallol[4]arene Tubular and Capsular Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:7110-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ja402496x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Harshita Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri−Columbia, 601 South College Avenue, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Cindi L. Dennis
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg,
Maryland 20899-6102, United States
| | - Andrew V. Mossine
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri−Columbia, 601 South College Avenue, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Carol A. Deakyne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri−Columbia, 601 South College Avenue, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Jerry L. Atwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri−Columbia, 601 South College Avenue, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
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Bi Y, Wang S, Liu M, Du S, Liao W. A tetragonal prismatic {Co32} nanocage based on thiacalixarene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:6785-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc43347a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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26
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Kumari H, Kline SR, Dennis CL, Mossine AV, Paul RL, Deakyne CA, Atwood JL. Solution-Phase and Magnetic Approach towards Understanding Iron Gall Ink-like Nanoassemblies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201204776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kumari H, Kline SR, Dennis CL, Mossine AV, Paul RL, Deakyne CA, Atwood JL. Solution-Phase and Magnetic Approach towards Understanding Iron Gall Ink-like Nanoassemblies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:9263-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201204776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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