1
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Cheng J, Cheng X, Wang Z. Microstructure regulation and enhanced VOC removal performance of carbon aerogels by surface carbon nanotube grown. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 931:172803. [PMID: 38679107 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Carbon aerogels were newly employed in adsorption for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as an emerging material. In contrast, the microstructure and high carbon consumption are the primary factors restricting their application scenarios. Carbon nanotubes, recognized for their controllable cylindrical hollow structure and hydrophobic walls, generally possess higher adsorption capacities than typical carbon adsorbents. In this study, carbon nanotubes were grown on the surface of carbon aerogels using the chemical vapor deposition method by controlling different deposition conditions. The results showed that the modified samples displayed the maximum adsorption capacity of 145.0 mg/g and 178.3 mg/g for toluene and 1,2- dichlorobenzene, respectively. After ten regeneration cycles, the performance decreased by 7.9 % and 5.6 %, respectively. Meanwhile, the carbon replenishment was about 0.2 g/g, which is an excellent complement for carbon consumption. Various characterization patterns showed that deposition temperature was reflected in its deposition rate, deposition times influenced the formation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and deposition concentration affected the length of carbon nanotubes. This study offers valuable insight into the growth patterns of carbon nanotubes and the microscale regulation of carbon material surfaces, and this method is expected to be an effective means of carbon replenishment, carbon addition to carbon-poor materials, and enhancement of VOCs removal performance, and the growth mechanisms investigated are instructive for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Cheng
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Xingxing Cheng
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Jinan 250061, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Jinan 250061, China
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2
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Yang G, Cheng F, Zuo S, Zhang J, Xu Y, Hu Y, Hu X. Growing Carbon Nanotubes In Situ Surrounding Carbon Fiber Surface via Chemical Vapor Deposition to Reinforce Flexural Strength of Carbon Fiber Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102309. [PMID: 37242883 PMCID: PMC10223248 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study employed novel joint treatments to strengthen the carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites. Vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) were prepared in situ on the catalyst-treated CF surface via the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, intertwining into three-dimensional fiber-nets and fully surrounding CF to form an integrated structure. The resin pre-coating (RPC) technique was further used to guide diluted epoxy resin (without hardener) to flow into nanoscale and submicron spaces to eliminate void defects at the root of VACNTs. Three-point bending testing results showed the "growing CNTs and RPC"-treated CFRP composites yielded the best flexural strength, a 27.1% improvement over the specimens without treatment, while the failure modes indicated that the original delamination failure was changed into "flexural failure" with through-the-thickness crack propagation. In brief, growing VACNTs and RPC on the CF surface enabled toughening of the epoxy adhesive layer, reducing potential void defects and constructing the integrated quasi-Z-directional fiber bridging at the CF/epoxy interface for stronger CFRP composites. Therefore, the joint treatments of growing VACNTs in situ via the CVD method and RPC technique are very effective and have great potential in manufacturing high-strength CFRP composites for aerospace applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangming Yang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Fei Cheng
- School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biomass Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Shihao Zuo
- School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Jinheng Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Yang Xu
- School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Yunsen Hu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China
| | - Xiaozhi Hu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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3
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Liu R, Yuan H, Li J, Huang K, Wang K, Cheng Y, Cheng S, Li W, Jiang J, Tu C, Qi Y, Liu Z. Complementary Chemical Vapor Deposition Fabrication for Large-Area Uniform Graphene Glass Fiber Fabric. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2200499. [PMID: 35610184 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The lightweight, flexible, high-performance electrothermal material is in high demand in object thermal management. Graphene glass fiber fabric (GGFF) is characterized by excellent electrical conductivity, light weight, and high flexibility, showing superiorities as an electrothermal material. However, the traditional single-carbon-precursor chemical vapor deposition (CVD) graphene growth strategy commonly suffers from the severe thickness nonuniformity of the large-sized graphene film along the gas-flowing direction. Herein, a complementary CVD graphene growth strategy based on the simultaneous introduction of high- and low-decomposition-energy-barrier mixed carbon precursors is developed. In this way, the large-area uniform GGFF with a dramatically decreased nonuniformity coefficient is fabricated (0.260 in 40 cm × 4 cm). GGFF-based heater presents a widely tunable temperature range (20-170 °C) at low working voltage (<10 V) and uniform large-area heating temperature (171.4 ± 3.6 °C in 20 cm × 15 cm), which realizes remarkable anti/deicing performances under the low energy consumption (fast ice melting rate of 79 s mm-1 under a low energy consumption of 0.066 kWh mm-1 m-2 ). The large-area uniform GGFF possesses substantial advantages for applications in thermal management, and the complementary CVD fabrication strategy shows reliable scalability and universality, which can be extended to the synthesis of various materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruojuan Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Hao Yuan
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Junliang Li
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Kewen Huang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Kun Wang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Shuting Cheng
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, P. R. China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, P. R. China
| | - Ce Tu
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Yue Qi
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
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4
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Borah CK, Tyagi PK, Kumar S. The prospective application of a graphene/MoS 2 heterostructure in Si-HIT solar cells for higher efficiency. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:3231-3243. [PMID: 36134254 PMCID: PMC9418949 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00309c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of a Si-HIT (heterojunction with intrinsic thin layer) solar cell based on a graphene/MoS2 heterostructure has been optimized by varying the various parameters of graphene (Gr) as a transparent conducting electrode (TCE) and n-type molybdenum disulfide (n-MoS2) as an emitter layer. The photovoltaic performance of a graphene/n-MoS2/a-Si:H/p-cSi/Au single facial HIT solar cell has been studied using AFORS-HET v2.5 simulation software. A maximum output efficiency of 25.61% has been achieved. The obtained results were compared with the results from a commercially available a-Si:H layer and p-cSi wafer after simulation. Moreover, the dependence of the cell performance on changes in the TCE and the back contact materials has also been studied. Finally, it has been demonstrated that the graphene layer and n-MoS2 layer could act as a TCE and an efficient emitter layer, respectively, in a n-MoS2/p-cSi based HIT solar cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Kamal Borah
- Centre of Advanced Research, Department of Physics, Rajiv Gandhi University Arunachal Pradesh-791112 India
| | - Pawan K Tyagi
- Department of Physics, Central University of Haryana Haryana-123029 India
- Department of Applied Physics, Delhi Technological University Delhi-110042 India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Centre of Advanced Research, Department of Physics, Rajiv Gandhi University Arunachal Pradesh-791112 India
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5
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Wu T, Shen J, Li Z, Zou T, Xin W, Xing F, Zhang F, Man Z, Fu S. Graphene-based ultrasensitive optical microfluidic sensor for the real-time and label-free monitoring of simulated arterial blood flow. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:16594-16604. [PMID: 32549478 DOI: 10.1364/oe.392993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Highly sensitive, real-time and label-free sensing of liquid flow in microfluidic environments remains challenging. Here, by growing high-quality graphene directly on a glass substrate, we designed a microfluidic-integrated graphene-based flow sensor (GFS) capable of detecting complex, weak, and transient flow velocity and pressure signals in a microfluidic environment. This device was used to study weak and transient liquid flows, especially blood flow, which is closely related to heart and artery functions. By simulating cardiac peristalsis and arterial flow using peristaltic pumps and microfluidic systems, we monitored simulated arterial blood flow. This ultrasensitive graphene-based flow sensor accurately detected a flow velocity limit as low as 0.7 mm/s, a pumping frequency range of 0.04 Hz to 2.5 Hz, and a pressure range from 0.6 kPa to 14 kPa. By measuring the blood flow velocities and pressures, pathological blood flow signals were distinguished and captured by the corresponding flow velocities or pressures, which can reflect vascular occlusion and heart functions. This sensor may be used for the real-time and label-free monitoring of patients' basic vital signs using their blood flow and provide a possible new method for the care of critically ill patients.
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6
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Yang F, Wang M, Zhang D, Yang J, Zheng M, Li Y. Chirality Pure Carbon Nanotubes: Growth, Sorting, and Characterization. Chem Rev 2020; 120:2693-2758. [PMID: 32039585 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been attracting tremendous attention owing to their structure (chirality) dependent outstanding properties, which endow them with great potential in a wide range of applications. The preparation of chirality-pure SWCNTs is not only a great scientific challenge but also a crucial requirement for many high-end applications. As such, research activities in this area over the last two decades have been very extensive. In this review, we summarize recent achievements and accumulated knowledge thus far and discuss future developments and remaining challenges from three aspects: controlled growth, postsynthesis sorting, and characterization techniques. In the growth part, we focus on the mechanism of chirality-controlled growth and catalyst design. In the sorting part, we organize and analyze existing literature based on sorting targets rather than methods. Since chirality assignment and quantification is essential in the study of selective preparation, we also include in the last part a comprehensive description and discussion of characterization techniques for SWCNTs. It is our view that even though progress made in this area is impressive, more efforts are still needed to develop both methodologies for preparing ultrapure (e.g., >99.99%) SWCNTs in large quantity and nondestructive fast characterization techniques with high spatial resolution for various nanotube samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Daqi Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ming Zheng
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Yan Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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7
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Chartrand MMG, Kingston CT, Simard B, Mester Z. Carbon Isotopic Measurements of Nanotubes to Differentiate Carbon Sources. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:22108-22113. [PMID: 31891091 PMCID: PMC6933759 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Stable carbon isotope (δ(13C)) analysis can provide information concerning the starting materials and the production process of a material. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are produced using a variety of starting materials, catalysts, and production methods. The use of δ(13C) as a tool to infer the nature of starting materials to gain insight into the mechanics of CNT growth was evaluated. The production process of NRC's SWCNT-1 was traced via the δ(13C) measurement of the available starting materials, intermediate products, and the final product. As isotopic fractionation is likely negligible at high temperatures, the δ(13C) value of the starting materials was reflected in the δ(13C) value of the final CNT product. For commercially available CNTs, the estimated δ(13C) values of identified starting materials were related to the δ(13C) signatures of CNTs. Using this information and the δ(13C) values of CNTs, the nature of unknown carbon sources was inferred for some samples. The use of δ(13C) analysis may be used as a tracer to differentiate between those processes that use relatively 13C-depleted carbon source(s) such as carbon monoxide, methane, or natural gas, and those that do not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M. G. Chartrand
- Metrology
Research Center and Security and Disruptive Technologies Research
Center, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - Christopher T. Kingston
- Metrology
Research Center and Security and Disruptive Technologies Research
Center, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - Benoit Simard
- Security
and Disruptive Technologies Research Center, National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - Zoltan Mester
- Metrology
Research Center and Security and Disruptive Technologies Research
Center, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6
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8
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Fukuhara S, Misawa M, Shimojo F, Shibuta Y. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulation of ethanol dissociation reactions on alloy catalysts in carbon nanotube growth. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.136619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Chen Z, Qi Y, Chen X, Zhang Y, Liu Z. Direct CVD Growth of Graphene on Traditional Glass: Methods and Mechanisms. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1803639. [PMID: 30443937 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201803639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on catalytic metal surfaces is considered to be the most effective way to obtain large-area, high-quality graphene films. For practical applications, a transfer process from metal catalysts to target substrates (e.g., poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), glass, and SiO2 /Si) is unavoidable and severely degrades the quality of graphene. In particular, the direct growth of graphene on glass can avoid the tedious transfer process and endow traditional glass with prominent electrical and thermal conductivities. Such a combination of graphene and glass creates a new type of glass, the so-called "super graphene glass," which has attracted great interest from the viewpoints of both fundamental research and daily-life applications. In the last few years, great progress has been achieved in pursuit of this goal. Here, these growth methods as well as the specific growth mechanisms of graphene on glass surfaces are summarized. The typical techniques developed include direct thermal CVD growth, molten-bed CVD growth, metal-catalyst-assisted growth, and plasma-enhanced growth. Emphasis is placed on the strategy of growth corresponding to the different natures of glass substrates. A comprehensive understanding of graphene growth on nonmetal glass substrates and the latest status of "super graphene glass" production are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolong Chen
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yue Qi
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xudong Chen
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, China
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10
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Cui L, Chen X, Liu B, Chen K, Chen Z, Qi Y, Xie H, Zhou F, Rümmeli MH, Zhang Y, Liu Z. Highly Conductive Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Grown on Glass toward Electrochromic Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:32622-32630. [PMID: 30170490 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b11579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The direct synthesis of low sheet resistance graphene on glass can promote the applications of such intriguing hybrid materials in transparent electronics and energy-related fields. Chemical doping is efficient for tailoring the carrier concentration and the electronic properties of graphene that previously derived from metal substrates. Herein, we report the direct synthesis of 5 in. uniform nitrogen-doped (N-doped) graphene on the quartz glass through a designed low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) route. Ethanol and methylamine were selected respectively as precursor and dopant for acquiring predominantly graphitic-N-doped graphene. We reveal that by a precise control of growth temperature and thus the doping level the sheet resistance of graphene on glass can be as low as one-half that of nondoped graphene, accompanied by relative high crystal quality and transparency. Significantly, we demonstrate that this scalable, 5 in. uniform N-doped graphene glass can serve as excellent electrode materials for fabricating high performance electrochromic smart windows, featured with a much simplified device structure. This work should pave ways for the direct synthesis and application of the new type graphene-based hybrid material.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark H Rümmeli
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations (SIEMIS), Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province , Soochow University , Suzhou 215006 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100091 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100091 , People's Republic of China
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11
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Shi W, Peng Y, Steiner SA, Li J, Plata DL. Carbon Dioxide Promotes Dehydrogenation in the Equimolar C 2 H 2 -CO 2 Reaction to Synthesize Carbon Nanotubes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1703482. [PMID: 29338116 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201703482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The equimolar C2 H2 -CO2 reaction has shown promise for carbon nanotube (CNT) production at low temperatures and on diverse functional substrate materials; however, the electron-pushing mechanism of this reaction is not well demonstrated. Here, the role of CO2 is explored experimentally and theoretically. In particular, 13 C labeling of CO2 demonstrates that CO2 is not an important C source in CNT growth by thermal catalytic chemical vapor deposition. Consistent with this experimental finding, the adsorption behaviors of C2 H2 and CO2 on a graphene-like lattice via density functional theory calculations reveal that the binding energies of C2 H2 are markedly higher than that of CO2 , suggesting the former is more likely to incorporate into CNT structure. Further, H-abstraction by CO2 from the active CNT growth edge would be favored, ultimately forming CO and H2 O. These results support that the commonly observed, promoting role of CO2 in CNT growth is due to a CO2 -assisted dehydrogenation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Shi
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Yue Peng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | | | - Junhua Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Desiree L Plata
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
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12
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Fukuhara S, Shimojo F, Shibuta Y. Conformation and catalytic activity of nickel – carbon cluster for ethanol dissociation in carbon nanotube synthesis: Ab initio molecular dynamics simulation. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.04.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Chen XD, Chen Z, Jiang WS, Zhang C, Sun J, Wang H, Xin W, Lin L, Priydarshi MK, Yang H, Liu ZB, Tian JG, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Liu Z. Fast Growth and Broad Applications of 25-Inch Uniform Graphene Glass. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1603428. [PMID: 27805741 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201603428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A unique ethanol-precursor-based LPCVD route is developed for the fast (4 min, improved 20 times) and scalable (25 inch, improved six times) growth of high-quality graphene glass. The obtained graphene glass presents high uniformity across large areas and is demonstrated to be an excellent material for constructing switchable windows and biosensor devices, owing to its excellent transparency and conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Dong Chen
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zhaolong Chen
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Shuai Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, Teda Applied Physics School and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Cuihong Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jingyu Sun
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Wei Xin
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, Teda Applied Physics School and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Li Lin
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Manish K Priydarshi
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Huai Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Bo Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, Teda Applied Physics School and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jian-Guo Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, Teda Applied Physics School and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
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14
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Zhang R, Zhang Y, Wei F. Horizontally aligned carbon nanotube arrays: growth mechanism, controlled synthesis, characterization, properties and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:3661-3715. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00104e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the growth mechanism, controlled synthesis, characterization, properties and applications of horizontally aligned carbon nanotube arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rufan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Fei Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
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15
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Song Y, Zhuang J, Song M, Yin S, Cheng Y, Zhang X, Wang M, Xiang R, Xia Y, Maruyama S, Zhao P, Ding F, Wang H. Epitaxial nucleation of CVD bilayer graphene on copper. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:20001-20007. [PMID: 27858033 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr04557j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Bilayer graphene (BLG) has emerged as a promising candidate for next-generation electronic applications, especially when it exists in the Bernal-stacked form, but its large-scale production remains a challenge. Here we present an experimental and first-principles calculation study of the epitaxial chemical vapor deposition (CVD) nucleation process for Bernal-stacked BLG growth on Cu using ethanol as a precursor. Results show that a carefully adjusted flow rate of ethanol can yield a uniform BLG film with a surface coverage of nearly 90% and a Bernal-stacking ratio of nearly 100% on ordinary flat Cu substrates, and its epitaxial nucleation of the second layer is mainly due to the active CH3 radicals with the presence of a monolayer-graphene-covered Cu surface. We believe that this nucleation mechanism will help clarify the formation of BLG by the epitaxial CVD process, and lead to many new strategies for scalable synthesis of graphene with more controllable structures and numbers of layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yenan Song
- Institute of Applied Mechanics and Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310012, P. R. China.
| | - Jianing Zhuang
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Meng Song
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310012, P. R. China
| | - Shaoqian Yin
- Institute of Applied Mechanics and Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310012, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Cheng
- Institute of Applied Mechanics and Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310012, P. R. China.
| | - Xuewei Zhang
- Institute of Applied Mechanics and Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310012, P. R. China.
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310012, P. R. China
| | - Rong Xiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yang Xia
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Shigeo Maruyama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Pei Zhao
- Institute of Applied Mechanics and Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310012, P. R. China.
| | - Feng Ding
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Institute of Applied Mechanics and Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310012, P. R. China.
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16
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An H, Kumamoto A, Takezaki H, Ohyama S, Qian Y, Inoue T, Ikuhara Y, Chiashi S, Xiang R, Maruyama S. Chirality specific and spatially uniform synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes from a sputtered Co-W bimetallic catalyst. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:14523-14529. [PMID: 27412697 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr02749k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with well-defined atomic arrangements has been widely recognized in the past few decades as the biggest challenge in the SWNT community, and has become a bottleneck for the application of SWNTs in nano-electronics. Here, we report a selective synthesis of (12, 6) SWNTs with an enrichment of 50%-70% by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using sputtered Co-W as a catalyst. This is achieved under much milder reduction and growth conditions than those in the previous report using transition-metal molecule clusters as catalyst precursors (Nature, 2014, 510, 522). Meanwhile, in-plane transmission electron microscopy unambiguously identified an intermediate structure of Co6W6C, which is strongly associated with selective growth. However, most of the W atoms disappear after a 5 min CVD growth, which implies that anchoring W may be important in this puzzling Co-W system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua An
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
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17
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Ab initio molecular dynamics simulation of ethanol decomposition on platinum cluster at initial stage of carbon nanotube growth. Chem Phys Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2015.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Wang J, Zhang L, Liu YS, Guo X. One-step and low-temperature synthesis of carbon nanotubes with no post treatment and high purity. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra12365h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new strategy for the synthesis of carbon nanotubes without any catalyst via the reaction between difluorocarbene (CF2) radicals generated from a precursor (hexafluoropropylene oxide) and porous silicon nanowire arrays at low temperature is reported in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang City
- China
| | - Long Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang City
- China
| | - You song Liu
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang City
- China
| | - Xiangli Guo
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang City
- China
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19
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Zhao P, Kim S, Chen X, Einarsson E, Wang M, Song Y, Wang H, Chiashi S, Xiang R, Maruyama S. Equilibrium chemical vapor deposition growth of Bernal-stacked bilayer graphene. ACS NANO 2014; 8:11631-8. [PMID: 25363605 DOI: 10.1021/nn5049188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Using ethanol as the carbon source, self-limiting growth of AB-stacked bilayer graphene (BLG) has been achieved on Cu via an equilibrium chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. We found that during this alcohol catalytic CVD (ACCVD) a source-gas pressure range exists to break the self-limitation of monolayer graphene on Cu, and at a certain equilibrium state it prefers to form uniform BLG with a high surface coverage of ∼94% and AB-stacking ratio of nearly 100%. More importantly, once the BLG is completed, this growth shows a self-limiting manner, and an extended ethanol flow time does not result in additional layers. We investigate the mechanism of this equilibrium BLG growth using isotopically labeled (13)C-ethanol and selective surface aryl functionalization, and results reveal that during the equilibrium ACCVD process a continuous substitution of graphene flakes occurs to the as-formed graphene and the BLG growth follows a layer-by-layer epitaxy mechanism. These phenomena are significantly in contrast to those observed for previously reported BLG growth using methane as precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Zhao
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, Zhejiang University , Zhejiang 310027, China
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20
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Su SH, Hsu YT, Chang YH, Chiu MH, Hsu CL, Hsu WT, Chang WH, He JH, Li LJ. Band gap-tunable molybdenum sulfide selenide monolayer alloy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:2589-94. [PMID: 24610642 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201302893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Han Su
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
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21
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Oguri T, Shimamura K, Shibuta Y, Shimojo F, Yamaguchi S. Bond dissociation mechanism of ethanol during carbon nanotube synthesis via alcohol catalytic CVD technique: Ab initio molecular dynamics simulation. Chem Phys Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Kramberger C, Thurakitseree T, Einarsson E, Takashima A, Kinoshita T, Muro T, Maruyama S. From isotope labeled CH₃CN to N₂ inside single-walled carbon nanotubes. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:1525-1528. [PMID: 24322271 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr04729f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The observation of one-dimensional N₂ inside single-walled carbon nanotubes raises the questions, how are the N₂ molecules formed and how do they manage to make their way to this peculiar place? We have used N(15) and C(13) isotope labeled acetonitrile during the synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes to investigate this process. The isotope shifts of phonons and vibrons are observed by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray absorption. We identify the catalytic decomposition of acetonitrile as the initial step in the reaction pathway to single-walled carbon nanotubes containing encapsulated N₂.
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23
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Zeng ZY, Lin JH. Metal-catalyst-free growth of carbon nanotubes/carbon nanofibers on carbon blacks using chemical vapor deposition. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra03456b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon black can act as catalysts to grow carbon nanotubes or carbon nanofibers through a metal-catalyst-free thermal chemical vapor deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yan Zeng
- Dept. of Materials Science
- National University of Tainan
- Tainan 70005, Taiwan
| | - Jarrn-Horng Lin
- Dept. of Materials Science
- National University of Tainan
- Tainan 70005, Taiwan
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