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Csányi E, Hammond DB, Bower B, Johnson EC, Lishchuk A, Armes SP, Dong Z, Leggett GJ. XPS Depth-Profiling Studies of Chlorophyll Binding to Poly(cysteine methacrylate) Scaffolds in Pigment-Polymer Antenna Complexes Using a Gas Cluster Ion Source. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:14527-14539. [PMID: 38954522 PMCID: PMC11256746 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) depth-profiling with an argon gas cluster ion source (GCIS) was used to characterize the spatial distribution of chlorophyll a (Chl) within a poly(cysteine methacrylate) (PCysMA) brush grown by surface-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) from a planar surface. The organization of Chl is controlled by adjusting the brush grafting density and polymerization time. For dense brushes, the C, N, S elemental composition remains constant throughout the 36 nm brush layer until the underlying gold substrate is approached. However, for either reduced density brushes (mean thickness ∼20 nm) or mushrooms grown with reduced grafting densities (mean thickness 6-9 nm), elemental intensities decrease continuously throughout the brush layer, because photoelectrons are less strongly attenuated for such systems. For all brushes, the fraction of positively charged nitrogen atoms (N+/N0) decreases with increasing depth. Chl binding causes a marked reduction in N+/N0 within the brushes and produces a new feature at 398.1 eV in the N1s core-line spectrum assigned to tetrapyrrole ring nitrogen atoms coordinated to Zn2+. For all grafting densities, the N/S atomic ratio remains approximately constant as a function of brush depth, which indicates a uniform distribution of Chl throughout the brush layer. However, a larger fraction of repeat units bound to Chl is observed at lower grafting densities, reflecting a progressive reduction in steric congestion that enables more uniform distribution of the bulky Chl units throughout the brush layer. In summary, XPS depth-profiling using a GCIS is a powerful tool for characterization of these complex materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelin Csányi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K.
- Institute
of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR
(Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, 138634 Singapore
| | - Deborah B. Hammond
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Benjamin Bower
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Edwin C. Johnson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Anna Lishchuk
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Zhaogang Dong
- Institute
of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR
(Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, 138634 Singapore
| | - Graham J. Leggett
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K.
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2
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Szuwarzyński M, Wolski K, Kruk T, Zapotoczny S. Macromolecular strategies for transporting electrons and excitation energy in ordered polymer layers. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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3
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Wang N, Wang C, Chen H, Bai L, Wang W, Yang H, Wei D, Yang L. Facile fabrication of a controlled polymer brush-type functional nanoprobe for highly sensitive determination of alpha fetoprotein. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:4438-4446. [PMID: 32856029 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01151g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As robust functional polymers, polymer brush-based hybrid nanomaterials have potential application in the highly sensitive determination of tumor markers (TMs). Currently, there are plentiful reports on the polymerization methods of functional polymer brushes. Low ppm ATRP (activators (re)generated by electron transfer for atom transfer radical polymerization (A(R)GET ATRP), initiators for continuous activator regeneration atom transfer radical polymerization (ICAR ATRP) and electrochemically mediated atom transfer radical polymerization (eATRP)) is a facile and robust methodology with the advantages of simplicity, eco-friendliness and wide applicability to prepare well-defined polymeric materials. In this work, a controlled polymer brush-type functional nanoprobe is successfully fabricated by functional AGET ATRP and used as a sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor for precise detection of TMs (alpha-fetoprotein, AFP). Using graphene oxide (GO) as an excellent conductive matrix, a GO-based poly-heterozygosis pyridine nanomaterial (GO@PHPY) is obtained by surface-initiated AGET ATRP and photocatalytic modification. The nanoprobe is assembled using GO@PHPY and a detection antibody (Ab2) to detect AFP, in which Cu(ii) serves as a signal label to coordinate with the pyridyl group. Under optimized conditions, the electrochemical sensor exhibits a good detection effect on AFP, with a detection range of 0.1 pg mL-1 to 100 ng mL-1 and a low detection limit of 0.08 pg mL-1. It is worth noting that the detection platform can be applied to the detection of real human serum samples. Thus, it is a desirable platform for AFP detection in clinical diagnosis and practical applications. Meanwhile, this work proves that designing and constructing functional polymer brushes is one of the most effective methods for developing new materials for analytical scientific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Key Laboratory of High Performance and Functional Polymer in the Universities of Shandong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province for High Performance Fibers and Their Composites, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
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Sadasivam R, Packirisamy G. Facile architecture of highly effective nanofibrous membrane adsorbent via electrospun followed by hydrothermal carbonization for potential application in dye removal from water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:11905-11918. [PMID: 31981031 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07555-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rapid removal of toxic dye pollutants in water by conventional materials is ineffective and expensive that warrants the necessity for the architecture of hybrid nanofibrous membrane through layer by layer deposition using electrospinning method. In order to achieve this, here we demonstrated the electrospun fabrication of graphene/ferrocene intercalated polyacrylonitrile nanofibrous (GFPN) membrane through hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) method and studied its potential adsorption properties for the removal of environmental pollutants. An aqueous dispersion of graphene/ferrocene (1 mg/mL) stabilized by the polymeric backbone was prepared by the solvent homogenization method and electrospun to yield nanofibrous membrane and further characterized by several analytical and spectroscopic techniques. Raman and XPS investigations corroborated the intercalation of graphene/Fe decorated onto the nanofibrous network. Adsorption experiments found that the GFPN membrane achieved more than 90% removal of anionic Congo red (CR) dye within 30 min in the aqueous phase irrespective of the concentration and takes some additional time for attaining the equilibrium. The longevity and stability of the membrane was studied by conducting successive adsorption-desorption cycles for the regeneration of its adsorption properties. The de-coloration mechanism was comprehensively investigated through the mathematical approaches using the kinetic and intraparticle diffusion studies and confirmed with the experimental findings through IR and XPS spectroscopic techniques. In a nutshell, this work focuses on the fabrication of hybrid nanofibrous membrane and studied its adsorption properties through varying concentrations of dye (20 to 150 mg/L). Moreover, this work extensively explored the mechanism associated with the adsorption process and specifically emphasize the existence of combined phenomena during the process, i.e., anion-cation interactions, hydrogen bonding, and successive stages of intraparticle diffusion through the comparative elucidation of both theoretical and experimental approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Sadasivam
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Centre for Nanotechnology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Gopinath Packirisamy
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Centre for Nanotechnology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
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5
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Eskandari P, Abousalman-Rezvani Z, Roghani-Mamaqani H, Salami-Kalajahi M, Mardani H. Polymer grafting on graphene layers by controlled radical polymerization. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 273:102021. [PMID: 31473461 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2019.102021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In situ controlled radical polymerization (CRP) is considered as an important approach to graft polymer brushes with controlled grafting density, functionality, and thickness on graphene layers. Polymers are tethered with chain end or through its backbone to the surface or edge of graphene layers with two in situ polymerization methods of "grafting from" and "grafting through" and also a method based on coupling reactions known as "grafting to". The "grafting from" method relies on the propagation of polymer chains from the surface- or edge-attached initiators. The "grafting through" method is based on incorporation of double bond-modified graphene layers into polymer chains through the propagation reaction. The "grafting to" technique involves attachment of pre-fabricated polymer chains to the graphene substrate. Here, physical and chemical attachment approaches are also considered in polymer-modification of graphene layers. Combination of CRP mechanisms of reversible activation, degenerative (exchange) chain transfer, atom transfer, and reversible chain transfer with various kinds of grafting reactions makes it possible to selectively functionalize graphene layers. The main aim of this review is assessment of the recent advances in the field of preparation of polymer-grafted graphene substrates with well-defined polymers of controlled molecular weight, thickness, and polydispersity index. Study of the opportunities and challenges for the future works in controlling of grafting density, site-selectivity in grafting, and various topologies of the brushes with potential applications in stimuli-responsive surfaces, polymer composites, Pickering emulsions, coating technologies, and sensors is also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Eskandari
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box: 51335-1996, Tabriz, Iran; Institute of Polymeric Materials, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box 51335-1996, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Abousalman-Rezvani
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box: 51335-1996, Tabriz, Iran; Institute of Polymeric Materials, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box 51335-1996, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Roghani-Mamaqani
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box: 51335-1996, Tabriz, Iran; Institute of Polymeric Materials, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box 51335-1996, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Salami-Kalajahi
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box: 51335-1996, Tabriz, Iran; Institute of Polymeric Materials, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box 51335-1996, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Hanieh Mardani
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box: 51335-1996, Tabriz, Iran; Institute of Polymeric Materials, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box 51335-1996, Tabriz, Iran
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7
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8
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Giussi JM, Cortez ML, Marmisollé WA, Azzaroni O. Practical use of polymer brushes in sustainable energy applications: interfacial nanoarchitectonics for high-efficiency devices. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:814-849. [PMID: 30543263 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00705e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The discovery and development of novel approaches, materials and manufacturing processes in the field of energy are compelling increasing recognition as a major challenge for contemporary societies. The performance and lifetime of energy devices are critically dependent on nanoscale interfacial phenomena. From the viewpoint of materials design, the improvement of current technologies inevitably relies on gaining control over the complex interface between dissimilar materials. In this sense, interfacial nanoarchitectonics with polymer brushes has seen growing interest due to its potential to overcome many of the limitations of energy storage and conversion devices. Polymer brushes offer a broad variety of resources to manipulate interfacial properties and gain molecular control over the synergistic combination of materials. Many recent examples show that the rational integration of polymer brushes in hybrid nanoarchitectures greatly improves the performance of energy devices in terms of power density, lifetime and stability. Seen in this light, polymer brushes provide a new perspective from which to consider the development of hybrid materials and devices with improved functionalities. The aim of this review is therefore to focus on what polymer brush-based solutions can offer and to show how the practical use of surface-grafted polymer layers can improve the performance and efficiency of fuel cells, lithium-ion batteries, organic radical batteries, supercapacitors, photoelectrochemical cells and photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Giussi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, Diagonal 113 y 64 (1900), La Plata, Argentina.
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9
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Wang S, Meng H, Li Y, Sun D, Zhan Y, Ge X, Chen L. Polymer brushes grafted from graphene via bioinspired polydopamine chemistry and activators regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Liaocheng University; Liaocheng 252059 China
| | - Han Meng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Liaocheng University; Liaocheng 252059 China
| | - Yuchao Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Liaocheng University; Liaocheng 252059 China
| | - Da Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Liaocheng University; Liaocheng 252059 China
| | - Yanhu Zhan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Liaocheng University; Liaocheng 252059 China
| | - Xiangcai Ge
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Liaocheng University; Liaocheng 252059 China
| | - Lin Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Liaocheng University; Liaocheng 252059 China
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11
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Leem G, Sherman BD, Schanze KS. Polymer-based chromophore-catalyst assemblies for solar energy conversion. NANO CONVERGENCE 2017; 4:37. [PMID: 29299399 PMCID: PMC5740205 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-017-0132-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of polymer-based assemblies for light harvesting has been motivated by the multi-chromophore antennas that play a role in natural photosynthesis for the potential use in solar conversion technologies. This review describes a general strategy for using polymer-based chromophore-catalyst assemblies for solar-driven water oxidation at a photoanode in a dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cell (DSPEC). This report begins with a summary of the synthetic methods and fundamental photophysical studies of light harvesting polychormophores in solution which show these materials can transport excited state energy to an acceptor where charge-separation can occur. In addition, studies describing light harvesting polychromophores containing an anchoring moiety (ionic carboxylate) for covalent bounding to wide band gap mesoporous semiconductor surfaces are summarized to understand the photophysical mechanisms of directional energy flow at the interface. Finally, the performance of polychromophore/catalyst assembly-based photoanodes capable of light-driven water splitting to oxygen and hydrogen in a DSPEC are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyu Leem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA
| | - Benjamin D. Sherman
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129 USA
| | - Kirk S. Schanze
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA
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12
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Wang GX, Lu M, Zhou MJ. Photo-induced metal-free ATRP of MMA with 2,7-bi-(N-penothiazinyl)fluorenone as photocatalyst. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2017.1387493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Xiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Mang Lu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute, Jingdezhen, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Min-Jie Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, Hunan Province, China
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13
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Xing G, Wang W, Wang K, Li P, Chen T. Shape-Controlled Synthesis of Au-Polypyrrole Composites Using Poly(4-vinylpyridine) Brush Grafted on Graphene Oxide as a Reaction Chamber. Chemistry 2017; 23:17549-17555. [PMID: 28990232 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoke Xing
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering; Ningbo University; 818 Fenghua Road Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Wenqin Wang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering; Ningbo University; 818 Fenghua Road Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Ke Wang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering; Ningbo University; 818 Fenghua Road Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Ping Li
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering; Ningbo University; 818 Fenghua Road Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Tao Chen
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences; 1219 Zhongguan West Road Ningbo 315201 China
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14
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Guarracino P, Gatti T, Canever N, Abdu-Aguye M, Loi MA, Menna E, Franco L. Probing photoinduced electron-transfer in graphene-dye hybrid materials for DSSC. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:27716-27724. [PMID: 28984327 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp04308b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the photophysical properties of a newly synthesized hybrid material composed of a triphenylamine dye covalently bound to reduced graphene oxide, potentially relevant as a stable photosensitizer in dye-sensitized solar cells. The photophysical characterization has been carried out by means of fluorescence quenching and fluorescence lifetime measurements, complemented by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, aimed at the detailed description of the photoinduced processes occurring in the hybrid and in the mixed hybrid/N-doped TiO2 material. The combined optical/magnetic study unequivocally demonstrates a fast quenching of the dye excited state in the isolated hybrid and an efficient electron transfer to N-doped titania nanopowders. In the latter case, a metastable radical cation on the dye moiety is photogenerated and the corresponding negative charge, an electron, is trapped in defect sites of the doped semiconductor oxide. The spin distribution in the stable radical has been determined by EPR spectroscopy and correlated with DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Guarracino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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15
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16
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Vinoth R, Babu SG, Bharti V, Gupta V, Navaneethan M, Bhat SV, Muthamizhchelvan C, Ramamurthy PC, Sharma C, Aswal DK, Hayakawa Y, Neppolian B. Ruthenium based metallopolymer grafted reduced graphene oxide as a new hybrid solar light harvester in polymer solar cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43133. [PMID: 28225039 PMCID: PMC5320515 DOI: 10.1038/srep43133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A new class of pyridyl benzimdazole based Ru complex decorated polyaniline assembly (PANI-Ru) was covalently grafted onto reduced graphene oxide sheets (rGO) via covalent functionalization approach. The covalent attachment of PANI-Ru with rGO was confirmed from XPS analysis and Raman spectroscopy. The chemical bonding between PANI-Ru and rGO induced the electron transfer from Ru complex to rGO via backbone of the conjugated PANI chain. The resultant hybrid metallopolymer assembly was successfully demonstrated as an electron donor in bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells (PSCs). A PSC device fabricated with rGO/PANI-Ru showed an utmost ~6 fold and 2 fold enhancement in open circuit potential (Voc) and short circuit current density (Jsc) with respect to the standard device made with PANI-Ru (i.e., without rGO) under the illumination of AM 1.5 G. The excellent electronic properties of rGO significantly improved the electron injection from PANI-Ru to PCBM and in turn the overall performance of the PSC device was enhanced. The ultrafast excited state charge separation and electron transfer role of rGO sheet in hybrid metallopolymer was confirmed from ultrafast spectroscopy measurements. This covalent modification of rGO with metallopolymer assembly may open a new strategy for the development of new hybrid nanomaterials for light harvesting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Vinoth
- SRM Research Institute, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Kancheepuram 603203 (D.t.), Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S. Ganesh Babu
- SRM Research Institute, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Kancheepuram 603203 (D.t.), Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vishal Bharti
- Organic and Hybrid Solar Cell Group, National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - V. Gupta
- Organic and Hybrid Solar Cell Group, National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - M. Navaneethan
- Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-Ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8011, Japan
| | - S. Venkataprasad Bhat
- SRM Research Institute, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Kancheepuram 603203 (D.t.), Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C. Muthamizhchelvan
- Center for Materials Science and Nano Devices, Department of Physics, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Kancheepuram 603203 (D.t.), Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Praveen C. Ramamurthy
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Chhavi Sharma
- Ultrafast Optoelectronics and Terahertz Photonics group, Physics of Energy Harvesting Division CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Dinesh K. Aswal
- National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Yasuhiro Hayakawa
- Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-Ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8011, Japan
| | - B. Neppolian
- SRM Research Institute, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Kancheepuram 603203 (D.t.), Tamil Nadu, India
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17
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Hu Z, Shao Q, Moloney MG, Xu X, Zhang D, Li J, Zhang C, Huang Y. Nondestructive Functionalization of Graphene by Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization: An Ideal Nanofiller for Poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) Fibers. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Hu
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical
Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Qing Shao
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical
Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Mark G. Moloney
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Xirong Xu
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical
Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Dayu Zhang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical
Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jun Li
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical
Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Chunhua Zhang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical
Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yudong Huang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical
Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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Krishnakumar S, Gopidas KR. Covalent Functionalization of Organic Nanoparticles Using Aryl Diazonium Chemistry and Their Solvent-Dependent Self-Assembly. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:1162-1170. [PMID: 28061527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A simple method for covalent functionalization of Fréchet-type dendron nanoparticles (FDNs) using tris-bipyridylruthenium(II) is described. Covalent functionalization is achieved by chemically reducing the diazo derivative of a ruthenium(II)bipyridine complex in the presence of FDNs wherein the radical species generated gets covalently linked to the nanoparticle surface. Simplicity, rapidity, and robustness are the advantages offered by the present approach. The nanoparticles, post functionalization, were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and infrared, energy-dispersive X-ray, UV-visible, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic techniques. Depending on the solvent, the ruthenium complex-linked FDN displays a range of morphologies, including nanoparticles, fiber-networks, and nanocapsules. In the nanocapsules and fiber-networks observed in organic solvents, the ruthenium complex is confined within the interior domain of the aggregate, whereas in the nanoparticles observed in water, it is present on the periphery. The formation of predictable morphologies in different solvents plays a key role in using such self-assembled structures for various applications such as sensing, catalysis, and light harvesting. Characterization of these nanoaggregates using different spectroscopic and microscopic techniques is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreedevi Krishnakumar
- Photosciences and Photonics, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) , Trivandrum 695019, India
| | - Karical R Gopidas
- Photosciences and Photonics, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) , Trivandrum 695019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NIIST Campus , Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
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Schroot R, Jäger M, Schubert US. Synthetic approaches towards structurally-defined electrochemically and (photo)redox-active polymer architectures. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:2754-2798. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00811a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This review details synthetic strategies leading to structurally-defined electrochemically and (photo)redox-active polymer architectures,e.g.block, graft and end functionalized (co)polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Schroot
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Michael Jäger
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena)
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena)
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20
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Liu S, Jamali S, Liu Q, Maia J, Baek JB, Jiang N, Xu M, Dai L. Conformational Transitions of Polymer Brushes for Reversibly Switching Graphene Transistors. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Song Liu
- Department
of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Safa Jamali
- Department
of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Qingfeng Liu
- Department
of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Joao Maia
- Department
of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Jong-Beom Baek
- School
of Energy and Chemical Engineering/Center for Dimension-Controllable
Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Naisheng Jiang
- Department
of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Ming Xu
- Department
of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Liming Dai
- Department
of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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21
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Liu Y, Jin J, Deng H, Li K, Zheng Y, Yu C, Zhou Y. Protein-Framed Multi-Porphyrin Micelles for a Hybrid Natural-Artificial Light-Harvesting Nanosystem. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201601516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yannan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Jiyang Jin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Hongping Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Ke Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Yongli Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Chunyang Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Yongfeng Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
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22
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Liu Y, Jin J, Deng H, Li K, Zheng Y, Yu C, Zhou Y. Protein-Framed Multi-Porphyrin Micelles for a Hybrid Natural-Artificial Light-Harvesting Nanosystem. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:7952-7. [PMID: 27187799 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201601516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A micelle-like hybrid natural-artificial light-harvesting nanosystem was prepared through protein-framed electrostatic self-assembly of phycocyanin and a four-armed porphyrin star polymer. The nanosystem has a special structure of pomegranate-like unimolecular micelle aggregate with one phycocyanin acceptor in the center and multiple porphyrin donors in the shell. It can inhibit donor self-quenching effectively and display efficient transfer of excitation energy (about 80.1 %) in water. Furthermore, the number of donors contributing to a single acceptor could reach as high as about 179 in this nanosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jiyang Jin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hongping Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ke Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yongli Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chunyang Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yongfeng Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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23
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Covalent functionalization of reduced graphene oxide with porphyrin by means of diazonium chemistry for nonlinear optical performance. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23325. [PMID: 27011265 PMCID: PMC4806317 DOI: 10.1038/srep23325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced graphene oxide (RGO)-porphyrin (TPP) nanohybrids (RGO-TPP 1 and RGO-TPP 2) were prepared by two synthetic routes that involve functionalization of the RGO using diazonium salts. The microscopic structures, morphology, photophysical properties and nonlinear optical performance of the resultant RGO-TPP nanohybrids were investigated. The covalent bonding of the porphyrin-functionalized-RGO nanohybrid materials was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Attachment of the porphyrin units to the surface of the RGO by diazotization significantly improves the solubility and ease of processing of these RGO-based nanohybrid materials. Ultraviolet/visible absorption and steady-state fluorescence studies indicate considerable π-π interactions and effective photo-induced electron and/or energy transfer between the porphyrin moieties and the extended π-system of RGO. The nonlinear optical properties of RGO-TPP 1 and RGO-TPP 2 were investigated by open-aperture Z-scan measurements at 532 nm with both 4 ns and 21 ps laser pulses, the results showing that the chemical nanohybrids exhibit improved nonlinear optical properties compared to those of the benchmark material C60, and the constituent RGO or porphyrins.
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24
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Matsui T, Karim MR, Takehira H, Nakamura M, Ohtani R, Koinuma M, Hayami S. Photocurrent Generation of Graphene Oxide Hybrid with Ru(II) Complex. CHEM LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.151123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Matsui
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University
| | - Mohammad Razaul Karim
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology
| | | | | | - Ryo Ohtani
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University
| | - Michio Koinuma
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University
| | - Shinya Hayami
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University
- Institute of Pulsed Power Science (IPPS), Kumamoto University
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25
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Das A, Theato P. Activated Ester Containing Polymers: Opportunities and Challenges for the Design of Functional Macromolecules. Chem Rev 2015; 116:1434-95. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Das
- Institute
for Technical and
Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Hamburg, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Theato
- Institute
for Technical and
Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Hamburg, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
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26
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Morseth ZA, Wang L, Puodziukynaite E, Leem G, Gilligan AT, Meyer TJ, Schanze KS, Reynolds JR, Papanikolas JM. Ultrafast dynamics in multifunctional Ru(II)-loaded polymers for solar energy conversion. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:818-27. [PMID: 25647081 DOI: 10.1021/ar500382u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The use of sunlight to make chemical fuels (i.e., solar fuels) is an attractive approach in the quest to develop sustainable energy sources. Using nature as a guide, assemblies for artificial photosynthesis will need to perform multiple functions. They will need to be able to harvest light across a broad region of the solar spectrum, transport excited-state energy to charge-separation sites, and then transport and store redox equivalents for use in the catalytic reactions that produce chemical fuels. This multifunctional behavior will require the assimilation of multiple components into a single macromolecular system. A wide variety of different architectures including porphyrin arrays, peptides, dendrimers, and polymers have been explored, with each design posing unique challenges. Polymer assemblies are attractive due to their relative ease of production and facile synthetic modification. However, their disordered nature gives rise to stochastic dynamics not present in more ordered assemblies. The rational design of assemblies requires a detailed understanding of the energy and electron transfer events that follow light absorption, which can occur on time scales ranging from femtoseconds to hundreds of microseconds, necessitating the use of sophisticated techniques. We have used a combination of time-resolved absorption and emission spectroscopies with observation times that span 9 orders of magnitude to follow the excited-state evolution within polymer-based molecular assemblies. We complement experimental observations with molecular dynamics simulations to develop a microscopic view of these dynamics. This Account provides an overview of our work on polymers decorated with pendant Ru(II) chromophores, both in solution and on surfaces. We have examined site-to-site energy transport among the Ru(II) complexes, and in systems incorporating π-conjugated polymers, we have observed ultrafast formation of a long-lived charge-separated state. When attached to TiO2, these assemblies exhibit multifunctional behavior in which photon absorption is followed by energy transport to the surface and electron injection to produce an oxidized metal complex. The oxidizing equivalent is then transferred to the conjugated polymer, giving rise to a long-lived charge-separated state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A. Morseth
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Li Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Egle Puodziukynaite
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Gyu Leem
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Alexander T. Gilligan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Thomas J. Meyer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Kirk S. Schanze
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - John R. Reynolds
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering,
Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - John M. Papanikolas
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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27
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Zhang M, Li Y, Su Z, Wei G. Recent advances in the synthesis and applications of graphene–polymer nanocomposites. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00777a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We summarize the recent advances in the modification of graphene with polymers and the synthesis and applications of high quality graphene–polymer nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfa Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Zhiqiang Su
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Gang Wei
- Hybrid Materials Interface Group
- Faculty of Production Engineering
- University of Bremen
- D-28359 Bremen
- Germany
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28
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Yürüm A, Gürsel SA, Okan BS, Taralp A, Bakan F, Letofsky-Papst I, Yürüm Y. Size and Dispersion Control of Pt Nanoparticles Grown Upon Graphite-Derived Nanosheets. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2014.968714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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29
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Reeves KG, Kanai Y. Theoretical oxidation state analysis of Ru-(bpy)3: influence of water solvation and Hubbard correction in first-principles calculations. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:024305. [PMID: 25028017 DOI: 10.1063/1.4886406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidation state is a powerful concept that is widely used in chemistry and materials physics, although the concept itself is arguably ill-defined quantum mechanically. In this work, we present impartial comparison of four, well-recognized theoretical approaches based on Lowdin atomic orbital projection, Bader decomposition, maximally localized Wannier function, and occupation matrix diagonalization, for assessing how well transition metal oxidation states can be characterized. Here, we study a representative molecular complex, tris(bipyridine)ruthenium. We also consider the influence of water solvation through first-principles molecular dynamics as well as the improved electronic structure description for strongly correlated d-electrons by including Hubbard correction in density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle G Reeves
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, USA
| | - Yosuke Kanai
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, USA
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