1
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Somasundaran SM, Kompella SVK, Mohan T M N, Das S, Abdul Vahid A, Vijayan V, Balasubramanian S, Thomas KG. Structurally Induced Chirality of an Achiral Chromophore on Self-Assembled Nanofibers: A Twist Makes It Chiral. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37220308 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c03892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The surface domains of self-assembled amphiphiles are well-organized and can perform many physical, chemical, and biological functions. Here, we present the significance of chiral surface domains of these self-assemblies in transferring chirality to achiral chromophores. These aspects are probed using l- and d-isomers of alkyl alanine amphiphiles which self-assemble in water as nanofibers, possessing a negative surface charge. When bound on these nanofibers, positively charged cyanine dyes (CY524 and CY600), each having two quinoline rings bridged by conjugated double bonds, show contrasting chiroptical features. Interestingly, CY600 displays a bisignated circular dichroic (CD) signal with mirror-image symmetry, while CY524 is CD silent. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the model cylindrical micelles (CM) derived from the two isomers exhibit surface chirality and the chromophores are buried as monomers in mirror-imaged pockets on their surfaces. The monomeric nature of template-bound chromophores and their binding reversibility are established by concentration- and temperature-dependent spectroscopies and calorimetry. On the CM, CY524 displays two equally populated conformers with opposite sense, whereas CY600 is present as two pairs of twisted conformers in each of which one is in excess, due to differences in weak dye-amphiphile hydrogen bonding interactions. Infrared and NMR spectroscopies support these findings. Reduction of electronic conjugation caused by the twist establishes the two quinoline rings as independent entities. On-resonance coupling between the transition dipoles of these units generates bisignated CD signals with mirror-image symmetry. The results presented herein provide insight on the little-known structurally induced chirality of achiral chromophores through transfer of chiral surface information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanoop Mambully Somasundaran
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Srinath V K Kompella
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Nila Mohan T M
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Sudip Das
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Arshad Abdul Vahid
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Vinesh Vijayan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Sundaram Balasubramanian
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - K George Thomas
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
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2
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Li SY, Chen T, Chen Q, Wang D, Zhu G. Concentration-modulated global organizational chirality at the liquid/solid interface. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2646-2651. [PMID: 36908959 PMCID: PMC9993838 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06746c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the origin of homochirality in macroscopic assemblies and manipulating organizational chirality still remain a challenge. Herein, homochirality is achieved by combination of the majority-rules principle and concentration-dependent molecular assembly at the liquid/solid interface. A lower molecular concentration in solution facilitates more efficient amplification of chirality, which is formulated by a cooperative equilibrium model based on the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Our results contribute to gain a new insight into chiral amplification in supramolecular assemblies. Particularly, a homochiral monolayer can be obtained just through modulating the molecular concentration in mixed enantiomer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 P. R. China
| | - Ting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Qi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 P. R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Guangshan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 P. R. China
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3
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Bera A, Henkel S, Mieres‐Perez J, Andargie Tsegaw Y, Sanchez‐Garcia E, Sander W, Morgenstern K. Surface Diffusion Aided by a Chirality Change of Self-Assembled Oligomers under 2D Confinement. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202212245. [PMID: 36056533 PMCID: PMC9827888 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Chirality switching of self-assembled molecular structures is of potential interest for designing functional materials but is restricted by the strong interaction between the embedded molecules. Here, we report on an unusual approach based on reversible chirality changes of self-assembled oligomers using variable-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy supported by quantum mechanical calculations. Six functionalized diazomethanes each self-assemble into chiral wheel-shaped oligomers on Ag(111). At 130 K, a temperature far lower than expected, the oligomers change their chirality even though the molecules reside in an embedded self-assembled structure. Each chirality change is accompanied by a slight center-of-mass shift. We show how the identical activation energies of the two processes result from the interplay of the chirality change with surface diffusion, findings that open the possibility of implementing various functional materials from self-assembled supramolecular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Bera
- Physikalische Chemie IRuhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Stefan Henkel
- Organic Chemistry IIRuhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Joel Mieres‐Perez
- Computational BiochemistryUniversität Duisburg-EssenUniversitätsstr. 245141EssenGermany
| | | | - Elsa Sanchez‐Garcia
- Computational BiochemistryUniversität Duisburg-EssenUniversitätsstr. 245141EssenGermany
| | - Wolfram Sander
- Organic Chemistry IIRuhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Karina Morgenstern
- Physikalische Chemie IRuhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044801BochumGermany
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4
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Bera A, Henkel S, Mieres-Perez J, Tsegaw YA, Sanchez-Garcia E, Sander W, Morgenstern K. Surface Diffusion Aided by a Chirality Change of Self‐Assembled Oligomers under 2D Confinement. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202212245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Bera
- Midnapore College Physics Raja Bajar Main Rd. 721101 Midnapore INDIA
| | - Stefan Henkel
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum: Ruhr-Universitat Bochum Organic Chemistry II GERMANY
| | - Joel Mieres-Perez
- University of Duisburg-Essen: Universitat Duisburg-Essen Computational Biochemistry GERMANY
| | | | - Elsa Sanchez-Garcia
- University of Duisburg-Essen: Universitat Duisburg-Essen Computational Biochemistry GERMANY
| | - Wolfram Sander
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum: Ruhr-Universitat Bochum Organic Chemistry II GERMANY
| | - Karina Morgenstern
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum: Ruhr-Universitat Bochum Physical Chemistry I GERMANY
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5
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Abstract
Many structures in nature look symmetric, but this is not completely accurate, because absolute symmetry is close to death. Chirality (handedness) is one form of living asymmetry. Chirality has been extensively investigated at different levels. Many rules were coined in attempts made for many decades to have control over the selection of handedness that seems to easily occur in nature. It is certain that if good control is realized on chirality, the roads will be ultimately open towards numerous developments in pharmaceutical, technological, and industrial applications. This tutorial review presents a report on chirality from single molecules to supramolecular assemblies. The realized functions are still in their infancy and have been scarcely converted into actual applications. This review provides an overview for starters in the chirality field of research on concepts, common methodologies, and outstanding accomplishments. It starts with an introductory section on the definitions and classifications of chirality at the different levels of molecular complexity, followed by highlighting the importance of chirality in biological systems and the different means of realizing chirality and its inversion in solid and solution-based systems at molecular and supramolecular levels. Chirality-relevant important findings and (bio-)technological applications are also reported accordingly.
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6
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Zhao B, Yang S, Deng J, Pan K. Chiral Graphene Hybrid Materials: Structures, Properties, and Chiral Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2003681. [PMID: 33854894 PMCID: PMC8025009 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Chirality has become an important research subject. The research areas associated with chirality are under substantial development. Meanwhile, graphene is a rapidly growing star material and has hard-wired into diverse disciplines. Rational combination of graphene and chirality undoubtedly creates unprecedented functional materials and may also lead to great findings. This hypothesis has been clearly justified by the sizable number of studies. Unfortunately, there has not been any previous review paper summarizing the scattered studies and advancements on this topic so far. This overview paper attempts to review the progress made in chiral materials developed from graphene and their derivatives, with the hope of providing a systemic knowledge about the construction of chiral graphenes and chiral applications thereof. Recently emerging directions, existing challenges, and future perspectives are also presented. It is hoped this paper will arouse more interest and promote further faster progress in these significant research areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
| | - Shenghua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
| | - Jianping Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
| | - Kai Pan
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
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7
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Tobe Y, Tahara K, De Feyter S. Chirality in porous self-assembled monolayer networks at liquid/solid interfaces: induction, reversion, recognition and transfer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:962-977. [PMID: 33432944 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07374a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chirality in two dimensions (2D) has attracted increasing attention with regard to interesting fundamental aspects as well as potential applications. This article reports several aspects of supramolecular chirality control as exemplified by self-assembled monolayer networks (SAMNs) formed by a class of chiral building blocks consisting of a triangular conjugated core and alkoxy chains on the periphery. It highlights 2D chirality induction phenomena through a classic "sergeants-and-soldiers" mechanism, in which the inducer is incorporated into a network component, as well as through a "supramolecular host-guest" mechanism, in which the inducer is entrapped in the porous space, leading to counterintuitive chirality reversal. Stereochemical control can be extended to three dimensions too, based on interlayer hydrogen bonding of the same class of building blocks bearing hydroxy groups, exhibiting diastereospecific bilayer formation at both single molecule level and supramolecular level arising from orientation between the top and bottom layers. Finally, we showcase that homochiral SAMNs can also be used as templates for the grafting of in situ generated aryl radicals, by covalent bond formation to the basal graphitic surface, thereby yielding topologically chiral functionalized graphite, and thus extending the potential of chiral SAMNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshito Tobe
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan and The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan and Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Kazukuni Tahara
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan and Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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8
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Zheng H, Ni C, Chen H, Zha D, Hai Y, Ye H, You L. Regulation of Axial Chirality through Dynamic Covalent Bond Constrained Biaryls. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:10273-10278. [PMID: 31460119 PMCID: PMC6648723 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A strategy of dynamic covalent chemistry within constrained biaryls was developed for the modulation of axial chirality. The ring fusion partners of amide and aldehyde allowed the manipulation of ring/chain equilibrium and chirality transfer within cyclic diastereomeric hemiaminal. Dynamic covalent reactions (DCRs) with alcohols, thiols, and secondary amines further enabled the reversal of chirality relay and thereby regulation of axial chirality. Moreover, a combination of NMR, X-ray, and density functional theory results shed light on the structural basis of chirality transfer, exhibiting modest to excellent diastereoselectivity under thermodynamic control. The critical role of the amide unit in the modulation of axial chirality was also corroborated. Finally, the chiroptical signal was controlled through changing solvents, DCRs, and stimuli-responsive switching of DCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zheng
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural
Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research
on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College
of Chemistry and Material Science, Fujian
Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Cailing Ni
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural
Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research
on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hang Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural
Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research
on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Daijun Zha
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural
Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research
on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yu Hai
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural
Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research
on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hebo Ye
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural
Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research
on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei You
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural
Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research
on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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9
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Tahara K, Noguchi A, Nakayama R, Ghijsens E, De Feyter S, Tobe Y. Reversing the Handedness of Self‐Assembled Porous Molecular Networks through the Number of Identical Chiral Centres. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:7733-7738. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201902565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazukuni Tahara
- Division of Frontier Materials ScienceGraduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
- Department of Applied ChemistrySchool of Science and TechnologyMeiji University 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku Kawasaki 214-8571 Japan
| | - Aya Noguchi
- Division of Frontier Materials ScienceGraduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Ruri Nakayama
- Department of Applied ChemistrySchool of Science and TechnologyMeiji University 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku Kawasaki 214-8571 Japan
| | - Elke Ghijsens
- Division of Molecular Imaging and PhotonicsDepartment of ChemistryKU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and PhotonicsDepartment of ChemistryKU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Yoshito Tobe
- Division of Frontier Materials ScienceGraduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial ResearchOsaka University Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047 Japan
- Department of Applied ChemistryNational Chiao Tung University 1001 Ta Hsueh Road Hsinchu 30030 Taiwan
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10
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Tahara K, Noguchi A, Nakayama R, Ghijsens E, De Feyter S, Tobe Y. Reversing the Handedness of Self‐Assembled Porous Molecular Networks through the Number of Identical Chiral Centres. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201902565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazukuni Tahara
- Division of Frontier Materials ScienceGraduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
- Department of Applied ChemistrySchool of Science and TechnologyMeiji University 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku Kawasaki 214-8571 Japan
| | - Aya Noguchi
- Division of Frontier Materials ScienceGraduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Ruri Nakayama
- Department of Applied ChemistrySchool of Science and TechnologyMeiji University 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku Kawasaki 214-8571 Japan
| | - Elke Ghijsens
- Division of Molecular Imaging and PhotonicsDepartment of ChemistryKU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and PhotonicsDepartment of ChemistryKU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Yoshito Tobe
- Division of Frontier Materials ScienceGraduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial ResearchOsaka University Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047 Japan
- Department of Applied ChemistryNational Chiao Tung University 1001 Ta Hsueh Road Hsinchu 30030 Taiwan
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11
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Zhan G, Makoudi Y, Jeannoutot J, Féron M, Palmino F, Chérioux F. Controlled growth of a bicomponent supramolecular network by the sergeants & soldiers principle. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:9171-9173. [PMID: 30062353 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc04226h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The co-deposition of 1,4-di(4',4''-pyridyl)benzene and 1,4-di(4',4''-bromophenyl)benzene on Si(111)-B surface leads to the formation of a highly regular self-assembly. The formation of this network has been investigated by STM and has been elucidated in the light of sergeants & soldiers principle due to halogen bonding on a silicon surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Zhan
- Institut FEMTO-ST, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS, 15B Avenue des Montboucons, F-25030 Besancon, France.
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12
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Resta C, Pescitelli G, Di Bari L. Impact and amplification of chirality in the aggregation of leucine-appended poly(p-phenylene ethynylene) (PPE). Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Chen T, Li SY, Wang D, Wan LJ. Competitive chiral induction in a 2D molecular assembly: Intrinsic chirality versus coadsorber-induced chirality. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1701208. [PMID: 29119137 PMCID: PMC5669609 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1701208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Noncovalently introducing stereogenic information is a promising approach to embed chirality in achiral molecular systems. However, the interplay of the noncovalently introduced chirality with the intrinsic chirality of molecules or molecular aggregations has rarely been addressed. We report a competitive chiral expression of the noncovalent interaction-mediated chirality induction and the intrinsic stereogenic center-controlled chirality induction in a two-dimensional (2D) molecular assembly at the liquid/solid interface. Two enantiomorphous honeycomb networks are formed by the coassembly of an achiral 5-(benzyloxy)isophthalic acid (BIC) derivative and 1-octanol at the liquid/solid interface. The preferential formation of the globally homochiral assembly can be achieved either by using the chiral analog of 1-octanol, (S)-6-methyl-1-octanol, as a chiral coadsorber to induce chirality to the BIC assembly via noncovalent hydrogen bonding or by covalently linking a chiral center in the side chain of BIC. Both the chiral coadsorber and the intrinsically chiral BIC derivative can act as a chiral seeds to induce a preferred handedness in the assembly of the achiral BIC derivatives. Furthermore, the noncovalent interaction-mediated chirality induction can restrain or even overrule the manifestation of the intrinsic chirality of the BIC molecule and dominate the handedness of the 2D molecular coassembly. This study provides insight into the interplay of intrinsically chiral centers and external chiral coadsorbers in the chiral induction, transfer, and amplification processes of 2D molecular assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu-Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- University of CAS, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- University of CAS, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Jun Wan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
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14
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Destoop I, Minoia A, Ivasenko O, Noguchi A, Tahara K, Tobe Y, Lazzaroni R, De Feyter S. Transfer of chiral information from a chiral solvent to a two-dimensional network. Faraday Discuss 2017; 204:215-231. [PMID: 28840217 DOI: 10.1039/c7fd00103g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chiral induction in self-assembled monolayers has garnered considerable attention in the recent past, not only due to its importance in chiral resolution and enantioselective heterogeneous catalysis but also because of its relevance to the origin of homochirality in life. Here, we demonstrate the emergence of homochirality in a supramolecular low-density network formed by achiral molecules at the interface of a chiral solvent and an atomically-flat achiral substrate. We focus on the impact of structure and functionality of the adsorbate and the chiral solvent on the chiral induction efficiency in self-assembled physisorbed monolayers, as revealed by scanning tunneling microscopy. Different induction mechanisms are proposed and evaluated, with the assistance of advanced molecular modeling simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Destoop
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
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15
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Abstract
In the present review we survey the main advances made in recent years on the understanding of chemical chirality at solid surfaces. Chirality is an important topic, made particularly relevant by the homochiral nature of the biochemistry of life on Earth, and many chiral chemical reactions involve solid surfaces. Here we start our discussion with a description of surface chirality and of the different ways that chirality can be bestowed on solid surfaces. We then expand on the studies carried out to date to understand the adsorption of chiral compounds at a molecular level. We summarize the work published on the adsorption of pure enantiomers, of enantiomeric mixtures, and of prochiral molecules on chiral and achiral model surfaces, especially on well-defined metal single crystals but also on other flat substrates such as highly ordered pyrolytic graphite. Several phenomena are identified, including surface reconstruction and chiral imprinting upon adsorption of chiral agents, and the enhancement or suppression of enantioselectivity seen in some cases upon adsorption of enantiomixtures of chiral compounds. The possibility of enhancing the enantiopurity of adsorbed layers upon the addition of chiral seeds and the so-called "sergeants and soldiers" phenomenon are presented. Examples are provided where the chiral behavior has been associated with either thermodynamic or kinetic driving forces. Two main approaches to the creation of enantioselective surface sites are discussed, namely, via the formation of supramolecular chiral ensembles made out of small chiral adsorbates, and by adsorption of more complex chiral molecules capable of providing suitable chiral environments for reactants by themselves, via the formation of individual adsorbate:modifier adducts on the surface. Finally, a discussion is offered on the additional effects generated by the presence of the liquid phase often required in practical applications such as enantioselective crystallization, chiral chromatography, and enantioselective catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Zaera
- Department of Chemistry and UCR Center for Catalysis, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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16
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Li SY, Chen T, Wang L, Wang D, Wan LJ. Turning off the majority-rules effect in two-dimensional hierarchical chiral assembly by introducing a chiral mismatch. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:17861-17868. [PMID: 27714125 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr06341a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism in chiral transmission from a single molecule to a supramolecular level is fundamentally important to decipher the nonlinear amplification effect in the two-dimensional (2D) chiral assembly process. In this contribution, we report on the dramatically different nonlinear amplification effect in the chiral co-adsorber induced homochiral assemblies constructed by a series of homologous achiral building blocks on the graphite surface under control of the majority-rules principle. Homologous hexagonal networks are formed for 5-(benzyloxy)-isophthalic acid (BIC) derivatives with different alkyl lengths. While globally homochiral monolayers of BIC-C6 or BIC-C16 can be obtained by using a mixture of chiral co-adsorber 2-octanol with a small enantiomeric excess, such majority-rules principle based nonlinear chiral amplification is inoperative for the assembly of BIC-C10. Molecular mechanistic analysis indicates that BIC-C10 assembly can accommodate a chiral mismatched motif to form long-range ordered but short-range disordered crystalline networks, leading to the co-adsorption of enantiomers without enantioselectivity. The present results shed important insights into the significance of chirality mismatch during chiral transmission and benefit the understanding of chiral communication in a surface monolayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P.R. China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China.
| | - Ting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P.R. China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China.
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Li-Jun Wan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P.R. China
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17
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Cao H, Destoop I, Tahara K, Tobe Y, Mali KS, De Feyter S. Complex Chiral Induction Processes at the Solution/Solid Interface. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2016; 120:17444-17453. [PMID: 29296135 PMCID: PMC5747489 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b04911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional supramolecular chirality is often achieved by confining molecules against a solid surface. The sergeants-soldiers principle is a popular strategy to fabricate chiral surfaces using predominantly achiral molecules. In this method, achiral molecules (the soldiers) are forced to assemble in a chiral fashion by mixing them with a small percentage of structurally similar chiral molecules (the sergeants). The full complexity of the amplification processes in chiral induction studies is rarely revealed due to the specific experimental conditions used. Here we report the evolution of chirality in mixed supramolecular networks of chiral and achiral dehydrobenzo[12]annulene (DBA) derivatives using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at the solution/solid interface. The experiments were carried out in the high sergeants-soldiers mole ratio regime in relatively concentrated solutions. Variation in the sergeants/soldiers composition at a constant solution concentration revealed different mole ratio regimes where either amplification of supramolecular handedness as defined by the sergeant chirality or its reversal was observed. The chiral induction/reversal processes were found to be a convolution of different phenomena occurring at the solution-solid interface namely, structural polymorphism, competitive adsorption and adaptive host-guest recognition. Grasping the full complexity of chiral amplification processes as described here is a stepping-stone toward developing a predictive understanding of chiral amplification processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Cao
- Division
of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven−University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Iris Destoop
- Division
of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven−University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kazukuni Tahara
- Division
of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Yoshito Tobe
- Division
of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kunal S. Mali
- Division
of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven−University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division
of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven−University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B3001 Leuven, Belgium
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18
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Dynamic control over supramolecular handedness by selecting chiral induction pathways at the solution-solid interface. Nat Chem 2016; 8:711-7. [PMID: 27325099 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A dominant theme within the research on two-dimensional chirality is the sergeant-soldiers principle, wherein a small fraction of chiral molecules (sergeants) is used to skew the handedness of achiral molecules (soldiers) to generate a homochiral surface. Here, we have combined the sergeant-soldiers principle with temperature-dependent molecular self-assembly to unravel a peculiar chiral amplification mechanism at the solution-solid interface in which, depending on the concentration of a sergeant-soldiers solution, the majority handedness of the system can either be amplified or entirely reversed after an annealing step, furnishing a homochiral surface. Two discrete pathways that affect different stages of two-dimensional crystal growth are invoked for rationalizing this phenomenon and we present a set of experiments where the access to each pathway can be precisely controlled. These results demonstrate that a detailed understanding of subtle intermolecular and interfacial interactions can be used to induce drastic changes in the handedness of a supramolecular network.
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19
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Li SY, Chen T, Yue JY, Wang L, Yan HJ, Wang D, Wan LJ. Manifesting the sergeants-and-soldiers principle in coadsorber induced homochiral polymorphic assemblies at the liquid/solid interface. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:12088-12091. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc05799c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Strong hydrogen bonding facilitates a more efficient amplification of chirality because of its critical role in chiral communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ying Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Ting Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Jie-Yu Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Lin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Hui-Juan Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Li-Jun Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
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