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Zeng R, Lv C, Zang J, Zhang T, Zhao G. Designing Stacked Assembly of Type III Rubisco for CO 2 Fixation with Higher Efficiency. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:7049-7057. [PMID: 35670363 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The slow catalytic rate of the carboxylation enzyme d-ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) is a major barrier to increasing the rate of carbon assimilation from the atmosphere into the biosphere. It is of great importance to establish a method to improve the carboxylation efficiency of Rubisco. Inspired by the assembly of Rubisco in carboxysomes, herein, we presented a rational protein engineering approach for the construction of one-dimensional (1D) protein arrays of type III Rubisco through designed π-π stacking interactions by using crystal structural information as a guide. In aqueous solutions, the dimensions of these 1D protein arrays collectively span nearly the entire nano- and micrometer scale (200 nm to 5.0 μm) by adjusting protein and NaCl concentrations. As a result, the stacked Rubisco assemblies increase by 40% in the carboxylase activity, while their turnover number (kcat) is around twofold larger than that of wild-type III Rubisco. Notably, upon heat treatment at temperature up to 75 °C for 30 min, most of the assembled nanostructures and the enzyme activity are retained. More importantly, the initial relative activity of stacked assemblies retained 91% after 10 cycles of reuse. This work provides a simple, effective solution for the improvement of the CO2 carboxylation efficiency of Rubisco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Zeng
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chenyan Lv
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiachen Zang
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tuo Zhang
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guanghua Zhao
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
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Wang H, Zheng X. Theoretical Study of Macrocyclic Host Molecules: From Supramolecular Recognition to Self-Assembly. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:19011-19028. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02152h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular chemistry focuses on molecular recognition and self-assembly of various building blocks through weak non-covalent interactions, including anion-π, hydrogen bond (HB), hydrophobic interactions, van der Waals (vdW) interactions, etc, which...
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Booth R, Insua I, Ahmed S, Rioboo A, Montenegro J. Supramolecular fibrillation of peptide amphiphiles induces environmental responses in aqueous droplets. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6421. [PMID: 34741043 PMCID: PMC8571317 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26681-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
One-dimensional (1D) supramolecular polymers are commonly found in natural and synthetic systems to prompt functional responses that capitalise on hierarchical molecular ordering. Despite amphiphilic self-assembly being significantly studied in the context of aqueous encapsulation and autopoiesis, very little is currently known about the physico-chemical consequences and functional role of 1D supramolecular polymerisation confined in aqueous compartments. Here, we describe the different phenomena that resulted from the chemically triggered supramolecular fibrillation of synthetic peptide amphiphiles inside water microdroplets. The confined connection of suitable dormant precursors triggered a physically autocatalysed chemical reaction that resulted in functional environmental responses such as molecular uptake, fusion and chemical exchange. These results demonstrate the potential of minimalistic 1D supramolecular polymerisation to modulate the behaviour of individual aqueous entities with their environment and within communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Booth
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15705, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ignacio Insua
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15705, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Sahnawaz Ahmed
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15705, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alicia Rioboo
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15705, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Javier Montenegro
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15705, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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4
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Panja S, Adams DJ. Stimuli responsive dynamic transformations in supramolecular gels. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:5165-5200. [PMID: 33646219 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01166e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular gels are formed by the self-assembly of small molecules under the influence of various non-covalent interactions. As the interactions are individually weak and reversible, it is possible to perturb the gels easily, which in turn enables fine tuning of their properties. Synthetic supramolecular gels are kinetically trapped and usually do not show time variable changes in material properties after formation. However, such materials potentially become switchable when exposed to external stimuli like temperature, pH, light, enzyme, redox, and chemical analytes resulting in reconfiguration of gel matrix into a different type of network. Such transformations allow gel-to-gel transitions while the changes in the molecular aggregation result in alteration of physical and chemical properties of the gel with time. Here, we discuss various methods that have been used to achieve gel-to-gel transitions by modifying a pre-formed gel material through external perturbation. We also describe methods that allow time-dependent autonomous switching of gels into different networks enabling synthesis of next generation functional materials. Dynamic modification of gels allows construction of an array of supramolecular gels with various properties from a single material which eventually extend the limit of applications of the gels. In some cases, gel-to-gel transitions lead to materials that cannot be accessed directly. Finally, we point out the necessity and possibility of further exploration of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Panja
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Dave J Adams
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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Zhang Y, Hess H. Enhanced Diffusion of Catalytically Active Enzymes. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2019; 5:939-948. [PMID: 31263753 PMCID: PMC6598160 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.9b00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The past decade has seen an increasing number of investigations into enhanced diffusion of catalytically active enzymes. These studies suggested that enzymes are actively propelled as they catalyze reactions or bind with ligands (e.g., substrates or inhibitors). In this Outlook, we chronologically summarize and discuss the experimental observations and theoretical interpretations and emphasize the potential contradictions in these efforts. We point out that the existing multimeric forms of enzymes or isozymes may cause artifacts in measurements and that the conformational changes upon substrate binding are usually not sufficient to give rise to a diffusion enhancement greater than 30%. Therefore, more rigorous experiments and a more comprehensive theory are urgently needed to quantitatively validate and describe the enhanced enzyme diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351L Engineering Terrace, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Henry Hess
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351L Engineering Terrace, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, New York 10027, United States
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Tang EM, Underhill PT. Examination of the Statistical Effects Associated with Tracking Propulsive Particles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:10694-10701. [PMID: 30109937 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Particle tracking of active colloidal particles can be used to compute mean-squared displacements that are fit to extract properties of the particles including the propulsive speed. Statistical errors in the mean-squared displacement leads to errors in the extracted properties especially for more weakly propelling particles. Brownian dynamics simulations in which the particle parameters are prescribed were used to examine the statistics of tracking self-propelling objects. It was found that the manner in which tracking data is analyzed has a profound impact on the precision and accuracy of measurements. To properly extract particle parameters, it was necessary to apply a nonlinear fit of the mean-squared displacement over a time region that includes transition behavior from ballistic to diffusive. The dependence of the statistics on the number of particles tracked and the length of movies was examined, showing how and why weakly propelling particles are difficult to analyze.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund M Tang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , 110 8th Street , Troy , New York 12180 , United States
| | - Patrick T Underhill
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , 110 8th Street , Troy , New York 12180 , United States
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Li J, Bullara D, Du X, He H, Sofou S, Kevrekidis IG, Epstein IR, Xu B. Kinetic Analysis of Nanostructures Formed by Enzyme-Instructed Intracellular Assemblies against Cancer Cells. ACS NANO 2018; 12. [PMID: 29537820 PMCID: PMC5916050 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b01016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that enzyme-instructed self-assembly (EISA) in extra- or intracellular environments can serve as a multistep process for controlling cell fate. There is little knowledge, however, about the kinetics of EISA in the complex environments in or around cells. Here, we design and synthesize three dipeptidic precursors (ld-1-SO3, dl-1-SO3, dd-1-SO3), consisting of diphenylalanine (l-Phe-d-Phe, d-Phe-l-Phe, d-Phe-d-Phe, respectively) as the backbone, which are capped by 2-(naphthalen-2-yl)acetic acid at the N-terminal and by 2-(4-(2-aminoethoxy)-4-oxobutanamido)ethane-1-sulfonic acid at the C-terminal. On hydrolysis by carboxylesterases (CES), these precursors result in hydrogelators, which self-assemble in water at different rates. Whereas all three precursors selectively kill cancer cells, especially high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma cells, by undergoing intracellular EISA, dl-1-SO3 and dd-1-SO3 exhibit the lowest and the highest activities, respectively, against the cancer cells. This trend inversely correlates with the rates of converting the precursors to the hydrogelators in phosphate-buffered saline. Because CES exists both extra- and intracellularly, we use kinetic modeling to analyze the kinetics of EISA inside cells and to calculate the cytotoxicity of each precursor for killing cancer cells. Our results indicate that (i) the stereochemistry of the precursors affects the morphology of the nanostructures formed by the hydrogelators, as well as the rate of enzymatic conversion; (ii) decreased extracellular hydrolysis of precursors favors intracellular EISA inside the cells; (iii) the inherent features ( e.g., self-assembling ability and morphology) of the EISA molecules largely dictate the cytotoxicity of intracellular EISA. As the kinetic analysis of intracellular EISA, this work elucidates how the stereochemistry modulates EISA in the complex extra- and/or intracellular environment for developing anticancer molecular processes. Moreover, it provides insights for understanding the kinetics and cytotoxicity of aggregates of aberrant proteins or peptides formed inside and outside cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - Domenico Bullara
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - Xuewen Du
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - Hongjian He
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - Stavroula Sofou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Ioannis G. Kevrekidis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Irving R. Epstein
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
- Corresponding Authors: ,
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
- Corresponding Authors: ,
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Campanella C, Lopez-Fontal E, Milanesi L, Tomas S. Modulation of the cooperativity in the assembly of multistranded supramolecular polymers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:9617-9624. [PMID: 28346555 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp01127j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
It is highly desirable that supramolecular polymers self-assemble following small changes in the environment. The degree of responsiveness depends on the degree of cooperativity at play during the assembly. Understanding how to modulate and quantify cooperativity is therefore highly desirable for the study and design of responsive polymers. Here we show that the cooperative assembly of a porphyrin-based, double-stranded polymer is triggered by changes in building blocks and in salt concentration. We develop a model that accounts for this responsiveness by assuming the binding of the salt countercations to the double-stranded polymer. Using our assembly model we generate plots that show the increase in concentration of polymer versus the normalized concentration of monomer. These plots are ideally suited to appreciate changes in cooperativity, and show that, for our system, these changes are consistent with the increase in polymer length observed experimentally. Unexpectedly, we find that polymer stability increases when cooperativity decreases. We attribute this behaviour to the fact that increasing salt concentration stabilizes the overall polymer more than the nucleus. In other words, the cooperativity factor α, defined as the ratio between the growth constant Kg and the nucleation constant Kn decreases as the overall stability of the polymer increases. Using our model to simulate the data, we generate cooperativity plots to explore changes in cooperativity for multistranded polymers. We find that, for the same pairwise association constants, the cooperativity sharply increases with the number of strands in the polymer. We attribute this dependence to the fact that the larger the number of strands, the larger is the nucleus necessary to trigger polymer growth. We show therefore that the cooperativity factor α does not properly account for the cooperativity behaviour of multistranded polymers, or any supramolecular polymer with a nucleus composed of more than 2 building blocks, and propose the use of the corrected cooperativity factor αm. Finally, we show that multistranded polymers display highly cooperative polymerisation with pairwise association constants as low as 10 M-1 between the building blocks, which should simplify the design of responsive supramolecular polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Campanella
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Elkin Lopez-Fontal
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology and Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, Birkbeck University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK.
| | - Lilia Milanesi
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Salvador Tomas
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology and Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, Birkbeck University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK.
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9
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Merindol R, Walther A. Materials learning from life: concepts for active, adaptive and autonomous molecular systems. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:5588-5619. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00738d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A broad overview of functional aspects in biological and synthetic out-of-equilibrium systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Merindol
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry
- Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg
- 79106 Freiburg
- Germany
| | - Andreas Walther
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry
- Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg
- 79106 Freiburg
- Germany
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11
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Trausel F, Versluis F, Maity C, Poolman JM, Lovrak M, van Esch JH, Eelkema R. Catalysis of Supramolecular Hydrogelation. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:1440-7. [PMID: 27314682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
One often thinks of catalysts as chemical tools to accelerate a reaction or to have a reaction run under more benign conditions. As such, catalysis has a role to play in the chemical industry and in lab scale synthesis that is not to be underestimated. Still, the role of catalysis in living systems (cells, organisms) is much more extensive, ranging from the formation and breakdown of small molecules and biopolymers to controlling signal transduction cascades and feedback processes, motility, and mechanical action. Such phenomena are only recently starting to receive attention in synthetic materials and chemical systems. "Smart" soft materials could find many important applications ranging from personalized therapeutics to soft robotics to name but a few. Until recently, approaches to control the properties of such materials were largely dominated by thermodynamics, for instance, looking at phase behavior and interaction strength. However, kinetics plays a large role in determining the behavior of such soft materials, for instance, in the formation of kinetically trapped (metastable) states or the dynamics of component exchange. As catalysts can change the rate of a chemical reaction, catalysis could be used to control the formation, dynamics, and fate of supramolecular structures when the molecules making up these structures contain chemical bonds whose formation or exchange are susceptible to catalysis. In this Account, we describe our efforts to use synthetic catalysts to control the properties of supramolecular hydrogels. Building on the concept of synthesizing the assembling molecule in the self-assembly medium from nonassembling precursors, we will introduce the use of catalysis to change the kinetics of assembler formation and thereby the properties of the resulting material. In particular, we will focus on the synthesis of supramolecular hydrogels where the use of a catalyst provides access to gel materials with vastly different appearance and mechanical properties or controls localized gel formation and the growth of gel objects. As such, catalysis will be applied to create molecular materials that exist outside of chemical equilibrium. In all, using catalysts to control the properties of soft materials constitutes a new avenue for catalysis far beyond the traditional use in industrial and lab scale synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Trausel
- Advanced
Soft Matter group,
Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Versluis
- Advanced
Soft Matter group,
Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Chandan Maity
- Advanced
Soft Matter group,
Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jos M. Poolman
- Advanced
Soft Matter group,
Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Matija Lovrak
- Advanced
Soft Matter group,
Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H. van Esch
- Advanced
Soft Matter group,
Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Rienk Eelkema
- Advanced
Soft Matter group,
Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
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Lin X, Wu Z, Wu Y, Xuan M, He Q. Self-Propelled Micro-/Nanomotors Based on Controlled Assembled Architectures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:1060-72. [PMID: 26421653 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201502583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic micro-/nanomotors (MNMs) are capable of performing self-propelled motion in fluids through harvesting different types of energies into mechanical movement, with potential applications in biomedicine and other fields. To address the challenges in these applications, a promising strategy that combines controlled assembly (bottom-up approaches) with top-down approaches for engineering autonomous, multifunctionalized MNMs is under investigation, beginning in 2012. These MNMs, derived from layer-by-layer assembly or molecular self-assembly, display the advantages of: i) mass production, ii) response to the external stimuli, and iii) access to multifunctionality, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. The advance on how to integrate diverse functional components into different architectures based on controlled assemblies, to realize controlled fabrication, motion control (including the movement speed, direction, and state), and biomedical applications of MNMs, directed by the concept of nanoarchitectonics, are highlighted here. The remaining challenges and future research directions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiankun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System (HIT), Micro/Nanotechnology Research Center Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Zhiguang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System (HIT), Micro/Nanotechnology Research Center Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Yingjie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System (HIT), Micro/Nanotechnology Research Center Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Mingjun Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System (HIT), Micro/Nanotechnology Research Center Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Qiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System (HIT), Micro/Nanotechnology Research Center Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
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13
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Poolman JM, Maity C, Boekhoven J, van der Mee L, le Sage VAA, Groenewold GJM, van Kasteren SI, Versluis F, van Esch JH, Eelkema R. A toolbox for controlling the properties and functionalisation of hydrazone-based supramolecular hydrogels. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:852-858. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb01870f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In situ multicomponent hydrogelator formation enables straightforward chemical functionalisation of supramolecular hydrogels.
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14
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Yu Y, Li H, Zhang B, Pan X, Zhu X, Ding Y, Li G. Peptide network for detection of tissue-remodeling enzyme in the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:4401-4405. [PMID: 25629926 DOI: 10.1021/am5089378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a surface-confined peptide network that can exhibit distinct structural features under protease cleavage and electrochemical treatment is developed as a highly sensitive biosensor for clinical detection of kallikrein 6 (KLK6). KLK6 is a serine protease of the tissue-remodeling process determining the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The peptide network, immobilized on the electrode surface by a Au-S bond, loses its integrity upon KLK6 cleavage and is removed from the electrode by electrochemical desorption of thiol groups, while the network without protease cleavage can remain attached by a few intact Au-S bonds. In this manner, distinct conductivity of the electrode surface in the presence/absence of protease can result in a large signal-to-background ratio, enabling KLK6 detection in clinical samples. The detected KLK6 abundance can manifest the correlation between up-regulated KLK6 activity and the progress of HCC. These results suggest a potential future use of this peptide network as a biosensor to provide diagnostic information for better administration of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing 210008, China
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