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Clarke RW, Caputo MR, Polo Fonseca L, McGraw ML, Reilly LT, Franklin KA, Müller AJ, Chen EYX. Cyclic and Linear Tetrablock Copolymers Synthesized at Speed and Scale by Lewis Pair Polymerization of a One-Pot (Meth)acrylic Mixture and Characterized at Multiple Levels. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:4930-4941. [PMID: 38346332 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Cyclic block copolymers (cBCP) are fundamentally intriguing materials, but their synthetic challenges that demand precision in controlling both the monomer sequence and polymer topology limit access to AB and ABC block architectures. Here, we show that cyclic ABAB tetra-BCPs (cABAB) and their linear counterpart (lABAB) can be readily obtained at a speed and scale from one-pot (meth)acrylic monomer mixtures, through coupling the Lewis pair polymerization's unique compounded-sequence control with its precision in topology control. This approach achieves fast (<15 min) and quantitative (>99%) conversion to tetra-BCPs of predesignated linear or cyclic topology at scale (40 g) in a one-pot procedure, precluding the needs for repeated chain extensions, stoichiometric addition steps, dilute conditions, and postsynthetic modifications, and/or postsynthetic ring-closure steps. The resulting lABAB and cABAB have essentially identical molecular weights (Mn = 165-168 kg mol-1) and block degrees/symmetry, allowing for direct behavioral comparisons in solution (hydrodynamic volume, intrinsic viscosity, elution time, and refractive indices), bulk (thermal transitions), and film (thermomechanical and rheometric properties and X-ray scattering patterns) states. To further the morphological characterizations, allylic side-chain functionality is exploited via the thiol-ene click chemistry to install crystalline octadecane side chains and promote phase separation between the A and B blocks, allowing visualization of microdomain formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan W Clarke
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Maria Rosaria Caputo
- Polymat and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Lucas Polo Fonseca
- Polymat and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Michael L McGraw
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Liam T Reilly
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Kevin A Franklin
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Alejandro J Müller
- Polymat and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, Bilbao 48009, Spain
| | - Eugene Y-X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
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Droumaguet BL, Grande D. Diblock and Triblock Copolymers as Nanostructured Precursors to Functional Nanoporous Materials: From Design to Application. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:58023-58040. [PMID: 37906520 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymers have gained tremendous interest from the scientific community in the last two decades. These macromolecular architectures indeed constitute ideal nanostructured precursors for the generation of nanoporous materials meant for various high added value applications. The parallel emergence of controlled polymerization techniques has notably enabled to finely control their molecular features to confer them with unique structural and physicochemical properties, such as low dispersity values (Đ), well-defined volume fractions, and controlled functionality. The nanostructuration and ordering of diblock or triblock copolymers, which can be achieved through various experimental techniques, including channel die processing, solvent vapor or thermal annealing, nonsolvent-induced phase separation or concomitant self-assembly, and nonsolvent-induced phase separation, allows for the preparation of orientated microphase-separated copolymers whose morphology is dictated by three main factors, i.e., Flory-Huggins interaction parameter between constitutive blocks, volume fraction of the blocks, and polymerization degree. This review article provides an overview of the actual state of the art regarding the preparation of functional nanoporous materials from either diblock or triblock copolymers. It will also highlight the major applications of such peculiar materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Le Droumaguet
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE), UMR 7182, 2 rue Henri Dunant, Thiais 94320, France
| | - Daniel Grande
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE), UMR 7182, 2 rue Henri Dunant, Thiais 94320, France
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3
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Ntetsikas K, Ladelta V, Bhaumik S, Hadjichristidis N. Quo Vadis Carbanionic Polymerization? ACS POLYMERS AU 2022; 3:158-181. [PMID: 37065716 PMCID: PMC10103213 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.2c00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Living anionic polymerization will soon celebrate 70 years of existence. This living polymerization is considered the mother of all living and controlled/living polymerizations since it paved the way for their discovery. It provides methodologies for synthesizing polymers with absolute control of the essential parameters that affect polymer properties, including molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, composition and microstructure, chain-end/in-chain functionality, and architecture. This precise control of living anionic polymerization generated tremendous fundamental and industrial research activities, developing numerous important commodity and specialty polymers. In this Perspective, we present the high importance of living anionic polymerization of vinyl monomers by providing some examples of its significant achievements, presenting its current status, giving several insights into where it is going (Quo Vadis) and what the future holds for this powerful synthetic method. Furthermore, we attempt to explore its advantages and disadvantages compared to controlled/living radical polymerizations, the main competitors of living carbanionic polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Ntetsikas
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Viko Ladelta
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Saibal Bhaumik
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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4
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Angelopoulou PP, Moutsios I, Manesi GM, Ivanov DA, Sakellariou G, Avgeropoulos A. Designing high χ copolymer materials for nanotechnology applications: A systematic bulk vs. thin films approach. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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5
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Antoine S, Aissou K, Mumtaz M, Telitel S, Pécastaings G, Wirotius AL, Brochon C, Cloutet E, Fleury G, Hadziioannou G. Core-Shell Double Gyroid Structure Formed by Linear ABC Terpolymer Thin Films. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800043. [PMID: 29578265 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and self-assembly in thin-film configuration of linear ABC triblock terpolymer chains consisting of polystyrene (PS), poly(2-vinylpyridine) (P2VP), and polyisoprene (PI) are described. For that purpose, a hydroxyl-terminated PS-b-P2VP (45 kg mol-1 ) building block and a carboxyl-terminated PI (9 kg mol-1 ) are first separately prepared by anionic polymerization, and then are coupled via a Steglich esterification reaction. This quantitative and metal-free catalyst synthesis route reveals to be very interesting since functionalization and purification steps are straightforward, and well-defined terpolymers are produced. A solvent vapor annealing (SVA) process is used to promote the self-assembly of frustrated PS-b-P2VP-b-PI chains into a thin-film core-shell double gyroid (Q230 , space group: Ia3¯d) structure. As terraces are formed within PS-b-P2VP-b-PI thin films during the SVA process under a CHCl3 vapor, different plane orientations of the Q230 structure ((211), (110), (111), and (100)) are observed at the polymer-air interface depending on the film thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ségolène Antoine
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), CNRS - ENSCPB - Université de Bordeaux, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, F-33607, Pessac, Cedex, France
| | - Karim Aissou
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), CNRS - ENSCPB - Université de Bordeaux, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, F-33607, Pessac, Cedex, France
| | - Muhammad Mumtaz
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), CNRS - ENSCPB - Université de Bordeaux, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, F-33607, Pessac, Cedex, France
| | - Siham Telitel
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), CNRS - ENSCPB - Université de Bordeaux, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, F-33607, Pessac, Cedex, France
| | - Gilles Pécastaings
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), CNRS - ENSCPB - Université de Bordeaux, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, F-33607, Pessac, Cedex, France
| | - Anne-Laure Wirotius
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), CNRS - ENSCPB - Université de Bordeaux, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, F-33607, Pessac, Cedex, France
| | - Cyril Brochon
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), CNRS - ENSCPB - Université de Bordeaux, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, F-33607, Pessac, Cedex, France
| | - Eric Cloutet
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), CNRS - ENSCPB - Université de Bordeaux, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, F-33607, Pessac, Cedex, France
| | - Guillaume Fleury
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), CNRS - ENSCPB - Université de Bordeaux, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, F-33607, Pessac, Cedex, France
| | - Georges Hadziioannou
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), CNRS - ENSCPB - Université de Bordeaux, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, F-33607, Pessac, Cedex, France
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Aissou K, Mumtaz M, Alvarez-Fernandez A, Mercat J, Antoine S, Pécastaings G, Ponsinet V, Dobrzynski C, Fleury G, Hadziioannou G. Metallic Nanodot Patterns with Unique Symmetries Templated from ABC Triblock Terpolymer Networks. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1700754. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karim Aissou
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO); CNRS - ENSCPB - Université de Bordeaux; 16 Avenue Pey-Berland F-33607 Pessac Cedex France
| | - Muhammad Mumtaz
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO); CNRS - ENSCPB - Université de Bordeaux; 16 Avenue Pey-Berland F-33607 Pessac Cedex France
| | - Alberto Alvarez-Fernandez
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO); CNRS - ENSCPB - Université de Bordeaux; 16 Avenue Pey-Berland F-33607 Pessac Cedex France
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal (CRPP); CNRS UPR 8641; Université de Bordeaux; 115 Avenue Schweitzer F-33600 Pessac France
| | - Jean Mercat
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO); CNRS - ENSCPB - Université de Bordeaux; 16 Avenue Pey-Berland F-33607 Pessac Cedex France
- Bordeaux INP; IMB; UMR 5251/Inria Bordeaux Sud-Ouest; Team Cardamom; F-33405 Talence Cedex France
| | - Ségolène Antoine
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO); CNRS - ENSCPB - Université de Bordeaux; 16 Avenue Pey-Berland F-33607 Pessac Cedex France
| | - Gilles Pécastaings
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO); CNRS - ENSCPB - Université de Bordeaux; 16 Avenue Pey-Berland F-33607 Pessac Cedex France
| | - Virginie Ponsinet
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal (CRPP); CNRS UPR 8641; Université de Bordeaux; 115 Avenue Schweitzer F-33600 Pessac France
| | - Cécile Dobrzynski
- Bordeaux INP; IMB; UMR 5251/Inria Bordeaux Sud-Ouest; Team Cardamom; F-33405 Talence Cedex France
| | - Guillaume Fleury
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO); CNRS - ENSCPB - Université de Bordeaux; 16 Avenue Pey-Berland F-33607 Pessac Cedex France
| | - Georges Hadziioannou
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO); CNRS - ENSCPB - Université de Bordeaux; 16 Avenue Pey-Berland F-33607 Pessac Cedex France
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7
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Kim SS, Kang D, Sohn BH. Fabrication of size-controlled nanoring arrays by selective incorporation of ionic liquids in diblock copolymer micellar cores. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:225303. [PMID: 28443831 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa6f81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of arrayed nanorings with tunable physical dimensions from thin films of polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-P4VP) micelles. For accurate control of the inner and outer diameters of the nanorings, we added imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) into the micellar solution, which were eventually incorporated into the micellar cores. We observed the structural changes of the micellar cores coated on a substrate due to the presence of ILs. The spin-coated micellar cores were treated with an acidic precursor solution and generated toroid nanostructures, of which size depended on the amount of IL loaded into the micelles. We then treated the transformed micellar films with oxygen plasma to produce arrays of various metal and oxide nanorings on a substrate. The spacings and diameters of nanorings were governed by the molecular weight of the PS-P4VP and the amount of IL used. We also demonstrated that arrayed Pt nanorings enabled the fabrication of reduced graphene oxide anti-nanoring arrays via a catalytic tailoring process.
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8
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Aissou K, Mumtaz M, Marcasuzaa P, Brochon C, Cloutet E, Fleury G, Hadziioannou G. Highly Ordered Nanoring Arrays Formed by Templated Si-Containing Triblock Terpolymer Thin Films. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1603184. [PMID: 28092432 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201603184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Laterally ordered nanorings with a periodicity of 38 nm are produced from the directed self-assembly of poly(1,1-dimethylsilacyclobutane)-block-polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) thin films on topographically patterned substrates. Such nanoscale arrays with vertically oriented rings are highly desired in technological applications including memory using magnetic recording, metamaterial, waveguide, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Aissou
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, CNRS-ENSCPB-Université de Bordeaux, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, F-33607, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Muhammad Mumtaz
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, CNRS-ENSCPB-Université de Bordeaux, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, F-33607, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Pierre Marcasuzaa
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, CNRS-ENSCPB-Université de Bordeaux, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, F-33607, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Cyril Brochon
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, CNRS-ENSCPB-Université de Bordeaux, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, F-33607, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Eric Cloutet
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, CNRS-ENSCPB-Université de Bordeaux, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, F-33607, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Guillaume Fleury
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, CNRS-ENSCPB-Université de Bordeaux, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, F-33607, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Georges Hadziioannou
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, CNRS-ENSCPB-Université de Bordeaux, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, F-33607, Pessac Cedex, France
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9
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Alkayal N, Zapsas G, Bilalis P, Hadjichristidis N. Self-assembly behavior of well-defined polymethylene-block-poly(ethylene glycol) copolymers in aqueous solution. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.09.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Polymeropoulos G, Bilalis P, Hadjichristidis N. Well-Defined Cyclic Triblock Terpolymers: A Missing Piece of the Morphology Puzzle. ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:1242-1246. [PMID: 35614733 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two well-defined cyclic triblock terpolymers, missing pieces of the terpolymer morphology puzzle, consisting of poly(isoprene), polystyrene, and poly(2-vinylpyridine), were synthesized by combining the Glaser coupling reaction with anionic polymerization. An α,ω-dihydroxy linear triblock terpolymer (OH-PI1,4-b-PS-b-P2VP-OH) was first synthesized followed by transformation of the OH to alkyne groups by esterification with pentynoic acid and cyclization by Glaser coupling. The size exclusion chromatography (SEC) trace of the linear terpolymer precursor was shifted to lower elution time after cyclization, indicating the successful synthesis of the cyclic terpolymer. Additionally, the SEC trace of the cyclic terpolymer produced, after cleavage of the ester groups, shifted again practically to the position corresponding to the linear precursor. The first exploratory results on morphology showed the tremendous influence of the cyclic structure on the morphology of terpolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Polymeropoulos
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical
Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer
Synthesis Laboratory, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Panayiotis Bilalis
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical
Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer
Synthesis Laboratory, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical
Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer
Synthesis Laboratory, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Mohagheghi M, Khomami B. Elucidating the Morphological Complexities of Linear Symmetric Triblock Polymers Confined Between Two Parallel Plates: A Self-Consistent Field Theoretic Approach. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.201500038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mouge Mohagheghi
- Material Research and Innovation Laboratory; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; University of Tennessee; Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - Bamin Khomami
- Material Research and Innovation Laboratory; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; University of Tennessee; Knoxville TN 37996 USA
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12
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Abstract
Ultrafine, uniform nanostructures with excellent functionalities can be formed by self-assembly of block copolymer (BCP) thin films. However, extension of their geometric variability is not straightforward due to their limited thin film morphologies. Here, we report that unusual and spontaneous positioning between host and guest BCP microdomains, even in the absence of H-bond linkages, can create hybridized morphologies that cannot be formed from a neat BCP. Our self-consistent field theory (SCFT) simulation results theoretically support that the precise registration of a spherical BCP microdomain (guest, B-b-C) at the center of a perforated lamellar BCP nanostructure (host, A-b-B) can energetically stabilize the blended morphology. As an exemplary application of the hybrid nanotemplate, a nanoring-type Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) phase-change memory device with an extremely low switching current is demonstrated. These results suggest the possibility of a new pathway to construct more diverse and complex nanostructures using controlled blending of various BCPs.
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Rodwogin MD, Baruth A, Jackson EA, Leighton C, Hillmyer MA. Nanoscale rings from silicon-containing triblock terpolymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2012; 4:3550-3557. [PMID: 22757616 DOI: 10.1021/am300603x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscopic ring arrays of various materials show promise for both technological applications and fundamental studies. In this work we report the preparation of sub-50 nm diameter ring arrays from metallic thin films using a block polymer lithographic pattern transfer approach. We prepared a triblock terpolymer that adopts a core-shell cylindrical morphology where the shell is an oxidizable polydimethylsiloxane block. Solvent annealed thin films of this terpolymer produce cylindrical features oriented perpendicular to the substrate surface. The polydimethylsiloxane shell is then converted into SiOx rings by an oxygen reactive ion etch. The resultant hard mask pattern is then transferred into Au, Ni80Fe20, and Ni80Cr20 thin films via Ar ion beam milling, demonstrating the generality of the approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc D Rodwogin
- Department of Chemistry and §Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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14
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Mays J. Introduction. Eur Polym J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2010.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Farrell RA, Kehagias N, Shaw MT, Reboud V, Zelsmann M, Holmes JD, Sotomayor Torres CM, Morris MA. Surface-directed dewetting of a block copolymer for fabricating highly uniform nanostructured microdroplets and concentric nanorings. ACS NANO 2011; 5:1073-1085. [PMID: 21226483 DOI: 10.1021/nn102720m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Through a combination of nanoimprint lithography and block copolymer self-assembly, a highly regular dewetting process of a symmetric diblock copolymer occurs whereby the hierarchal formation of microdroplets and concentric nanorings emerges. The process is driven by the unique chemical properties and geometrical layout of the underlying patterned silsesquioxane micrometer-sized templates. Given the presence of nonpreferential substrate-polymer interactions, directed dewetting was utilized to produce uniform arrays of microsized droplets of microphase separated polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methylacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA), following thermal annealing at 180 °C. Microdroplets with diameters greater than 400 nm exhibited a hexagonal close-packed arrangement of nanodots on the surface with polydomain ordering. At the droplet periphery, the polydomain ordering was severely disrupted because of a higher in-plane radius of curvature. By reducing the droplet size, the in-plane radius of curvature of the microdroplet becomes significant and the PMMA cylinders adopt parallel structures in this confined geometry. Continuous scaling of the droplet results in the generation of isolated, freestanding, self-aligned, and self-supported oblique nanorings (long axis ∼250-350 nm), which form as interstitial droplets between the larger microdroplets. Optical and magnetic-based nanostructures may benefit from such hierarchal organization and self-supporting/aligned nanoring templates by combining more than one lithography technique with different resolution capabilities.
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16
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Liu Y, Gong Y, He L, Xie B, Chen X, Han M, Wang G. Formation of periodic nanoring arrays on self-assembled PS-b-PMMA film under rapid solvent-annealing. NANOSCALE 2010; 2:2065-2068. [PMID: 20820641 DOI: 10.1039/c0nr00207k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Periodic nanoring arrays are prepared by self-assembled poly styrene-block-polymethylmethacrylate (PS-b-PMMA) diblock copolymer under rapid solvent-annealing. The dimension of the nanorings can be modified by controlling the solvent-annealing time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjun Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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17
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Chuang VP, Gwyther J, Mickiewicz RA, Manners I, Ross CA. Templated self-assembly of square symmetry arrays from an ABC triblock terpolymer. NANO LETTERS 2009; 9:4364-4369. [PMID: 19904980 DOI: 10.1021/nl902646e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly provides the ability to create well-controlled nanostructures with electronic or chemical functionality and enables the synthesis of a wide range of useful devices. Diblock copolymers self-assemble into periodic arrays of microdomains with feature sizes of typically 10-50 nm, and have been used to make a wide range of devices such as silicon capacitors and transistors, photonic crystals, and patterned magnetic media(1-3). However, the cylindrical or spherical microdomains in diblock copolymers generally form close-packed structures with hexagonal symmetry, limiting their device applications. Here we demonstrate self-assembly of square-symmetry patterns from a triblock terpolymer in which one organometallic block imparts high etch selectivity and etch resistance. Long-range order is imposed on the microdomain arrays by self-assembly on topographical substrates, and the orientation of both square lattices and in-plane cylinders is controlled by the substrate chemistry. Pattern transfer is demonstrated by making an array of square-packed 30 nm tall, 20 nm diameter silica pillars. Templated self-assembly of triblock terpolymers can generate nanostructures with geometries that are unattainable from diblock copolymers, significantly enhancing the capabilities of block copolymer lithography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian P Chuang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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