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Sturdza BK, Kong F, Yao X, Niu W, Ma J, Feng X, Riede MK, Bogani L, Nicholas RJ. Emissive brightening in molecular graphene nanoribbons by twilight states. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2985. [PMID: 38582761 PMCID: PMC10998898 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47139-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials are expected to be bright and efficient emitters, but structural disorder, intermolecular interactions and the intrinsic presence of dark states suppress their photoluminescence. Here, we study synthetically-made graphene nanoribbons with atomically precise edges and which are designed to suppress intermolecular interactions to demonstrate strong photoluminescence in both solutions and thin films. The resulting high spectral resolution reveals strong vibron-electron coupling from the radial-breathing-like mode of the ribbons. In addition, their cove-edge structure produces inter-valley mixing, which brightens conventionally-dark states to generate hitherto-unrecognised twilight states as predicted by theory. The coupling of these states to the nanoribbon phonon modes affects absorption and emission differently, suggesting a complex interaction with both Herzberg-Teller and Franck- Condon coupling present. Detailed understanding of the fundamental electronic processes governing the optical response will help the tailored chemical design of nanocarbon optical devices, via gap tuning and side-chain functionalisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd K Sturdza
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingdom.
| | - Fanmiao Kong
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, 16 Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Xuelin Yao
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, 16 Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Wenhui Niu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED), Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Ji Ma
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED), Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED), Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Moritz K Riede
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Lapo Bogani
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, 16 Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, United Kingdom.
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Florence, V. della Lastruccia, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Robin J Nicholas
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingdom.
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Chattopadhyay A, Sampathirao SR, Hegde O, Basu S. Malleable Patterns from the Evaporation of a Colloidal Liquid Bridge: Coffee Ring to the Scallop Shell. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:5590-5602. [PMID: 35486815 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present article highlights an approach to generating contrasting patterns from drying colloidal droplets in a liquid bridge configuration, different from well-known coffee rings. Reduction of the confinement distance (the gap between the solid surfaces) leads to systematized nanoparticle agglomeration yielding spoke-like patterns similar to those found on scallop shells instead of circumferential edge deposition. Alteration of the confinement distance modulates the curvature that entails variations in the evaporation flux across the liquid-vapor interface. Consequently, flow inside different liquid bridges (LBs) varies significantly for different confinement distance. Small confinement distance results in the stick-slip motion of squeezed liquid bridges. On the contrary, the stretched LBs exhibit pinned contact lines. The confinement distance determines the characteristic length scales of the thin film formed near the contact line, and its theoretical estimations are validated against the experimental observations using reflection interferometry, further exhibiting good agreement (in order of magnitude). We decipher a proposition that a drying liquid thin film (height ∼ O(10-7)m) present during dewetting near the three-phase contact line is responsible for the aligned deposition of particles. The coupled interplay of contact line dynamics, evaporation induced advection, and dewetting of the thin film at a three-phase interface contributes to the differences in deposition patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Chattopadhyay
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka state, India
| | - Srinivas Rao Sampathirao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka state, India
| | - Omkar Hegde
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka state, India
| | - Saptarshi Basu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka state, India
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3
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Xu L, Valášek M, Hennrich F, Fischer R, Kappes MM, Mayor M. Degradable Fluorene- and Carbazole-Based Copolymers for Selective Extraction of Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michal Valášek
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Frank Hennrich
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Regina Fischer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Manfred M. Kappes
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
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4
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Qu J, Mukerabigwi JF, Yang N, Huang X, Sun Y, Cai X, Cao Y. Rapid separation of nanodiamond particles by viscosity gradient centrifugation. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-020-01568-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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5
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Mondal R, Basavaraj MG. Patterning of colloids into spirals via confined drying. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:3753-3761. [PMID: 32239019 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00118j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Drying of complex fluids is a fascinating subject of interest to several growing fields, for example, forensic science, lithography, printing and coating technologies. In this article, we report that the drying of charge stabilized colloidal dispersions between two parallel plates is a route to intriguing self-assembly patterns. We show that when the dispersions are dried in parallel plate confinement, particles deposit as spiral patterns after the complete evaporation of the solvent irrespective of the confinement spacing. The formation of such patterns is understood by analyzing the underlying three phase contact line dynamics during the drying process. Compared to the usual discrete stick-slip motion of the contact line, typically observed in several drying configurations, in the parallel plate drying configuration, the contact line is found to exhibit continuous stick-slip motion. The de-pinning of the contact line is found to occur only locally and is observed to propagate in both clockwise and anticlockwise directions, leading to the patterning of colloids as spirals. Furthermore, we show that while the number of turns in the spiral deposit is influenced by the dispersion volume and particle concentration, the spiral patterns form irrespective of the shape of the particles in the dispersion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranajit Mondal
- Polymer Engineering and Colloid Science Laboratory (PECS Lab), Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, India.
| | - Madivala G Basavaraj
- Polymer Engineering and Colloid Science Laboratory (PECS Lab), Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, India.
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6
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Vittala SK, Han D. DNA-Guided Assemblies toward Nanoelectronic Applications. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:2702-2722. [PMID: 35025404 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b01178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeepa Kulala Vittala
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Da Han
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
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7
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Bepete G, Izard N, Torres-Canas F, Derré A, Sbardelotto A, Anglaret E, Pénicaud A, Drummond C. Hydroxide Ions Stabilize Open Carbon Nanotubes in Degassed Water. ACS NANO 2018; 12:8606-8615. [PMID: 30088916 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b04341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The main hurdle preventing the widespread use of single-walled carbon nanotubes remains the lack of methods with which to produce formulations of pristine, unshortened, unfunctionalized, individualized single-walled carbon nanotubes, thus preserving their extraordinary properties. In particular, sonication leads to shortening, which is detrimental to percolation properties (electrical, thermal, mechanical, etc.). Using reductive dissolution and transfer into degassed water, open-ended, water-filled nanotubes can be dispersed as individualized nanotubes in water-dimethyl sulfoxide mixtures, avoiding the use of sonication and surfactant. Closed nanotubes, however, aggregate immediately upon contact with water. Photoluminescence and absorption spectroscopy both point out a very high degree of individualization while retaining lengths of several microns. The resulting transparent conducting films are 1 order of magnitude more conductive than surfactant-based blanks at equal transmittance.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Bepete
- CNRS , Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal (CRPP) , UMR 5031 , F-33600 Pessac , France
- Université Bordeaux, CRPP , UMR 5031 , F-33600 Pessac , France
| | - Nicolas Izard
- Université Montpellier , Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C) , UMR CNRS 5521 , F-34000 Montpellier , France
| | - Fernando Torres-Canas
- CNRS , Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal (CRPP) , UMR 5031 , F-33600 Pessac , France
- Université Bordeaux, CRPP , UMR 5031 , F-33600 Pessac , France
| | - Alain Derré
- CNRS , Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal (CRPP) , UMR 5031 , F-33600 Pessac , France
- Université Bordeaux, CRPP , UMR 5031 , F-33600 Pessac , France
| | - Arthur Sbardelotto
- CNRS , Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal (CRPP) , UMR 5031 , F-33600 Pessac , France
- Université Bordeaux, CRPP , UMR 5031 , F-33600 Pessac , France
| | - Eric Anglaret
- Université Montpellier , Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C) , UMR CNRS 5521 , F-34000 Montpellier , France
| | - Alain Pénicaud
- CNRS , Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal (CRPP) , UMR 5031 , F-33600 Pessac , France
- Université Bordeaux, CRPP , UMR 5031 , F-33600 Pessac , France
| | - Carlos Drummond
- CNRS , Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal (CRPP) , UMR 5031 , F-33600 Pessac , France
- Université Bordeaux, CRPP , UMR 5031 , F-33600 Pessac , France
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8
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Peng Z, Ng AL, Kwon H, Wang P, Chen CF, Lee CS, Wang Y. Graphene as a functional layer for semiconducting carbon nanotube transistor sensors. CARBON 2017; 125:49-55. [PMID: 29307897 PMCID: PMC5754036 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2017.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) hold vast potential for future electronic devices due to their outstanding properties, however covalent functionalization often destroys the intrinsic properties of SWCNTs, thus limiting their full potential. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of a functionalized graphene/semiconducting SWCNT (T@fG) heterostructured thin film transistor as a chemical sensor. In this structural configuration, graphene acts as an atom-thick, impermeable layer that can be covalently functionalized via facile diazonium chemistry to afford a high density of surface functional groups while protecting the underlying SWCNT network from chemical modification, even during a covalent chemical reaction. As a result, the highly functionalized carbon-based hybrid structure exhibits excellent transistor properties with a carrier mobility and ON/OFF ratio as high as 64 cm2/Vs and 5400, respectively. To demonstrate its use in potential applications, T@fG thin films were fabricated as aqueous ammonium sensors exhibiting a detection limit of 0.25 μM in a millimolar ionic strength solution, which is comparable with state-of-the-art aqueous ammonium nanosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, United States
| | - Allen L. Ng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, United States
| | - Hyejin Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, United States
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, United States
| | - Chien-Fu Chen
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Cheng S. Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, United States
| | - YuHuang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, United States
- Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, United States
- Corresponding author. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, United States. (Y. Wang)
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9
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Nitti A, Pacini A, Pasini D. Chiral Nanotubes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 7:E167. [PMID: 28677640 PMCID: PMC5535233 DOI: 10.3390/nano7070167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Organic nanotubes, as assembled nanospaces, in which to carry out host-guest chemistry, reversible binding of smaller species for transport, sensing, storage or chemical transformation purposes, are currently attracting substantial interest, both as biological ion channel mimics, or for addressing tailored material properties. Nature's materials and machinery are universally asymmetric, and, for chemical entities, controlled asymmetry comes from chirality. Together with carbon nanotubes, conformationally stable molecular building blocks and macrocycles have been used for the realization of organic nanotubes, by means of their assembly in the third dimension. In both cases, chiral properties have started to be fully exploited to date. In this paper, we review recent exciting developments in the synthesis and assembly of chiral nanotubes, and of their functional properties. This review will include examples of either molecule-based or macrocycle-based systems, and will try and rationalize the supramolecular interactions at play for the three-dimensional (3D) assembly of the nanoscale architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Nitti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli, 12-27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Aurora Pacini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli, 12-27100 Pavia, Italy.
- INSTM Research Unit, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli, 12-27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Dario Pasini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli, 12-27100 Pavia, Italy.
- INSTM Research Unit, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli, 12-27100 Pavia, Italy.
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10
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Li H, Ouyang H, Yu M, Wu N, Wang X, Jiang W, Liu Z, Tian J, Jin Y, Feng H, Fan Y, Li Z. Thermo-Driven Evaporation Self-Assembly and Dynamic Analysis of Homocentric Carbon Nanotube Rings. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13. [PMID: 27925434 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201603642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
MWCNTs self-assemble into various homocentric rings in a thermo-driven self-assembly system. Closely packed and scatteredly packed MWCNT rings self-assemble on a Si-SiO2 substrate, whereas on a Au substrate smoothly packed MWCNT rings, rings with waviness, and rings with shuttle-like holes are seen to self-assemble. The dynamic self-assembly process includes convection flow and swirling flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Li
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Han Ouyang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Min Yu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Wen Jiang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Tian
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Yiming Jin
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Hongqin Feng
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Yubo Fan
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Zhou Li
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
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Muhammad S, Nakano M, Al-Sehemi AG, Kitagawa Y, Irfan A, Chaudhry AR, Kishi R, Ito S, Yoneda K, Fukuda K. Role of a singlet diradical character in carbon nanomaterials: a novel hot spot for efficient nonlinear optical materials. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:17998-18020. [PMID: 27722408 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr06097h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbon atoms have the potential to produce a variety of fascinating all-carbon structures with amazing electronic and mechanical properties. Over the last few decades, several efforts have been made using experimental and computational techniques to functionalize graphene, carbon nanotubes and fullerenes for potential use in modern hi-tech electronic, medicinal, optical and nonlinear optical (NLO) applications. Since photons replaced electrons as a carrier of information, the field of NLO material design has drawn immense interest in contemporary materials science. There have been several reports of bridging the gap between the exciting fields of carbon nanomaterials and NLO materials by functionalizing carbon nanomaterials for potential NLO applications. In contrast to previous reports of the design of third-order NLO materials using conventional closed-shell materials, a novel strategy using open-shell diradical molecular systems has recently been proposed. Quantum chemically, diradical character is explained in terms of the instability of the chemical bonds in open-shell molecular systems. Interestingly, several carbon nanomaterials, which naturally possess open-shell singlet configurations, have recently gained momentum in the design of these classes of open-shell NLO materials with excellent NLO properties, stability and diversity. The present review establishes a systematic sequence of different studies (spanning over two decades of intense research efforts), starting from the simplest theoretical two-site diradical model, continuing to its experimental and theoretical realization in actual chemical systems, and finally applying the abovementioned model/rule to novel carbon nanomaterials to tune their NLO properties, particularly their second hyperpolarizability (γ). In the present report, we highlight several recent efforts to functionalize carbon nanomaterials by exploiting their open-shell diradical character to achieve efficient third-order NLO properties. Several issues and opportunities are discussed, including the inherited disadvantages of both experimental (the high reactivity and short life of diradical compounds) and quantum (need for multi-reference methodology) techniques when dealing with carbon nanomaterials. A comparative analysis of several quantum chemical investigations, along with contemporary experimental results, will be performed to emphasize the core issues and opportunities related to carbon nanomaterials with singlet open-shell diradical character. Thus, the present review will highlight carbon nanomaterials with diradical/biradical character for their prospective applications in the NLO field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabbir Muhammad
- Department of Physics, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia and Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Masayoshi Nakano
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan. and Center for Spintronics Research Network (CSRN), Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Abdullah G Al-Sehemi
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia. and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasutaka Kitagawa
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan. and Center for Spintronics Research Network (CSRN), Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Ahmad Irfan
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia. and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aijaz R Chaudhry
- Department of Physics, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia and Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ryohei Kishi
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
| | - Soichi Ito
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
| | - Kyohei Yoneda
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Nara College, 22 Yata-cho, Yamatokoriyama, Nara, Japan
| | - Kotaro Fukuda
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
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Anderson A, Yang F, Cao L, Li H, Meziani MJ, Sun YP. Tethered anthracene pair as molecular tweezers for post-production separation of single-walled carbon nanotubes. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Islam AE, Rogers JA, Alam MA. Recent Progress in Obtaining Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Transistor Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:7908-7937. [PMID: 26540144 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201502918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
High purity semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWCNTs) with a narrow diameter distribution are required for high-performance transistors. Achieving this goal is extremely challenging because the as-grown material contains mixtures of s-SWCNTs and metallic- (m-) SWCNTs with wide diameter distributions, typically inadequate for integrated circuits. Since 2000, numerous ex situ methods have been proposed to improve the purity of the s-SWCNTs. The majority of these techniques fail to maintain the quality and integrity of the s-SWCNTs with a few notable exceptions. Here, the progress in realizing high purity s-SWCNTs in as-grown and post-processed materials is highlighted. A comparison of transistor parameters (such as on/off ratio and field-effect mobility) obtained from test structures establishes the effectiveness of various methods and suggests opportunities for future improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad E Islam
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH, 45433, USA
- National Research Council, Washington, DC, 20001, USA
| | - John A Rogers
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Muhammad A Alam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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Li S, Sakurai S, Futaba DN, Hata K. Breakdown of metallic single-wall carbon nanotube paths by NiO nanoparticle point etching for high performance thin film transistors. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:1280-1284. [PMID: 25492495 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr06057a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A selective and highly local etching of the metallic single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) was demonstrated by using a NiO nanoparticle (NP) point etching technique. Following the NiO NP point etching at temperatures ranging from 250 to 350 °C, the current on/off ratios of the SWCNT field effect transistors (FETs) increased over 50-fold from ∼10 s to ∼10(4). Furthermore, the unavoidable drop in on-state current due to the reduction in current paths could be minimized to within one order of magnitude. Atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy studies supported the view that the improvement in FET performance was attributed to the efficient and localized etching of metallic SWCNT paths solely around the NiO NPs, resulting in minimal damage to the semiconducting SWCNT networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shisheng Li
- Nanotube Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Central 5, 1-1-1, Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
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Wang JTW, Fabbro C, Venturelli E, Ménard-Moyon C, Chaloin O, Da Ros T, Methven L, Nunes A, Sosabowski JK, Mather SJ, Robinson MK, Amadou J, Prato M, Bianco A, Kostarelos K, Al-Jamal KT. The relationship between the diameter of chemically-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes and their organ biodistribution profiles in vivo. Biomaterials 2014; 35:9517-28. [PMID: 25168822 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) exhibit unique properties which have led to their applications in the biomedical field as novel delivery systems for diagnosis and therapy purposes. We have previously reported that the degree of functionalization of CNTs is a key factor determining their biological behaviour. The present study broadens the spectrum by investigating the impact of the diameter of CNTs using two series of multi-walled CNTs (MWNTs) with distinct differences in their diameters. Both MWNTs were doubly functionalized by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition and amidation reactions, allowing the appended functional groups to be further conjugated with radionuclide chelating moieties and antibodies or antibody fragments. All constructs possessed comparable degree of functionalization and were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, gel electrophoresis and surface plasmon resonance. The MWNT conjugates were radio-labelled with indium-111, which thereby enabled in vivo single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging and organ biodistribution study using γ-scintigraphy. The narrow MWNTs (average diameter: 9.2 nm) demonstrated enhanced tissue affinity including non-reticular endothelial tissues compared to the wider MWNTs (average diameter: 39.5 nm). The results indicate that the higher aspect ratio of narrow MWNTs may be beneficial for their future biological applications due to higher tissue accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie T-W Wang
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, Centre for Drug Delivery Research, UCL-School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Chiara Fabbro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca'Foscari di Venezia, Venezia 30123, Italy
| | - Enrica Venturelli
- CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Laboratoire d'Immunopathologie et Chimie Thérapeutique, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Cécilia Ménard-Moyon
- CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Laboratoire d'Immunopathologie et Chimie Thérapeutique, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Olivier Chaloin
- CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Laboratoire d'Immunopathologie et Chimie Thérapeutique, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Tatiana Da Ros
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Laura Methven
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, Centre for Drug Delivery Research, UCL-School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Antonio Nunes
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, Centre for Drug Delivery Research, UCL-School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Jane K Sosabowski
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Stephen J Mather
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | | | | | - Maurizio Prato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy.
| | - Alberto Bianco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca'Foscari di Venezia, Venezia 30123, Italy.
| | - Kostas Kostarelos
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, Centre for Drug Delivery Research, UCL-School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK.
| | - Khuloud T Al-Jamal
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, Centre for Drug Delivery Research, UCL-School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK.
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16
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Samanta SK, Fritsch M, Scherf U, Gomulya W, Bisri SZ, Loi MA. Conjugated polymer-assisted dispersion of single-wall carbon nanotubes: the power of polymer wrapping. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:2446-56. [PMID: 25025887 DOI: 10.1021/ar500141j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The future application of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in electronic (nano)devices is closely coupled to the availability of pure, semiconducting SWNTs and preferably, their defined positioning on suited substrates. Commercial carbon nanotube raw mixtures contain metallic as well as semiconducting tubes of different diameter and chirality. Although many techniques such as density gradient ultracentrifugation, dielectrophoresis, and dispersion by surfactants or polar biopolymers have been developed, so-called conjugated polymer wrapping is one of the most promising and powerful purification and discrimination strategies. The procedure involves debundling and dispersion of SWNTs by wrapping semiflexible conjugated polymers, such as poly(9,9-dialkylfluorene)s (PFx) or regioregular poly(3-alkylthiophene)s (P3AT), around the SWNTs, and is accompanied by SWNT discrimination by diameter and chirality. Thereby, the π-conjugated backbone of the conjugated polymers interacts with the two-dimensional, graphene-like π-electron surface of the nanotubes and the solubilizing alkyl side chains of optimal length support debundling and dispersion in organic solvents. Careful structural design of the conjugated polymers allows for a selective and preferential dispersion of both small and large diameter SWNTs or SWNTs of specific chirality. As an example, with polyfluorenes as dispersing agents, it was shown that alkyl chain length of eight carbons are favored for the dispersion of SWNTs with diameters of 0.8-1.2 nm and longer alkyls with 12-15 carbons can efficiently interact with nanotubes of increased diameter up to 1.5 nm. Polar side chains at the PF backbone produce dispersions with increased SWNT concentration but, unfortunately, cause reduction in selectivity. The selectivity of the dispersion process can be monitored by a combination of absorption, photoluminescence, and photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy, allowing identification of nanotubes with specific coordinates [(n,m) indices]. The polymer wrapping strategy enables the generation of SWNT dispersions containing exclusively semiconducting nanotubes. Toward the applications in electronic devices, until now most applied approach is a direct processing of such SWNT dispersions into the active layer of network-type thin film field effect transistors. However, to achieve promising transistor performance (high mobility and on-off ratio) careful removal of the wrapping polymer chains seems crucial, for example, by washing or ultracentrifugation. More defined positioning of the SWNTs can be accomplished in directed self-assembly procedures. One possible strategy uses diblock copolymers containing a conjugated polymer block as dispersing moiety and a second block for directed self-assembly, for example, a DNA block for specific interaction with complementary DNA strands. Another strategy utilizes reactive side chains for controlled anchoring onto patterned surfaces (e.g., by interaction of thiol-terminated alkyl side chains with gold surfaces). A further promising application of purified SWNT dispersions is the field of organic (all-carbon) or hybrid solar cell devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Kalyan Samanta
- Chemistry
Department and Institute for Polymer Technology, Wuppertal University, Gauss-Strasse 20, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Martin Fritsch
- Chemistry
Department and Institute for Polymer Technology, Wuppertal University, Gauss-Strasse 20, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Ullrich Scherf
- Chemistry
Department and Institute for Polymer Technology, Wuppertal University, Gauss-Strasse 20, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Widianta Gomulya
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials University of Groningen Nijenborgh
4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Satria Zulkarnaen Bisri
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials University of Groningen Nijenborgh
4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Antonietta Loi
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials University of Groningen Nijenborgh
4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
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Li H, Hain TC, Muzha A, Schöppler F, Hertel T. Dynamical contact line pinning and zipping during carbon nanotube coffee stain formation. ACS NANO 2014; 8:6417-24. [PMID: 24827029 DOI: 10.1021/nn501957y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Thin films of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) can be deposited onto solid substrates by evaporation-induced self-assembly. However, for this process to become more accessible to thin-film-based device fabrication requires optimization and a better understanding of the parameters and mechanisms governing nanoparticle film growth. Here, we focus on the role of contact-line (CL) dynamics at the edge of a receding meniscus for the deposition of thin nanoparticle films from colloidal suspensions. We find that film deposition rates can be increased by up to 2 orders of magnitude over earlier reports if parameters such as SWNT concentration, surfactant concentration, and height of the capillary bridge from which particles are deposited are properly adjusted. Most importantly we have also discovered that CL dynamics leading to the formation of striped films (coffee stains) are best described by dynamical pinning and kink-induced zipping. The existence of critical SWNT and surfactant concentrations as well as their role in determining stripe characteristics can be well accounted for by the proposed dynamical pinning and zipping model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Li
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Julius-Maximilian University Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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18
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Pénicaud A. Solubilization of fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2014; 348:1-35. [PMID: 24647837 DOI: 10.1007/128_2013_520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Processing of novel carbon forms, i.e. fullerenes, nanotubes and graphene, in solution is described. C60 and higher fullerenes appear to be the only truly soluble forms of pure carbon. Ways to disperse carbon nanotubes and graphene are reviewed. True solutions of carbon nanotubes and graphene can be obtained by reductive dissolution, leading to solution of polyelectrolyte nanocarbons of high concentrations without damaging the nanocarbon. Finally it is shown that these solutions allow to obtain high performing materials such as highly conducting transparent electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Pénicaud
- CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal (CRPP), Université de Bordeaux, UPR 8641, Pessac, 33600, France,
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Gomulya W, Costanzo GD, de Carvalho EJF, Bisri SZ, Derenskyi V, Fritsch M, Fröhlich N, Allard S, Gordiichuk P, Herrmann A, Marrink SJ, dos Santos MC, Scherf U, Loi MA. Semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes on demand by polymer wrapping. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:2948-56. [PMID: 23616236 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201300267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Efficient selection of semiconducting SWCNTs of large diameter range (0.8-1.6 nm) on demand is demonstrated. Different diameters of SWCNT are systematically selected by tuning the alkyl side-chain lengths of the wrapping polymers of similar backbone. The exceptional quality and high concentration of the SWCNTs is validated by the outstanding optical properties and the highly performing random network ambipolar field-effect transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Widianta Gomulya
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
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20
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Anderson A, Lu* F, Meziani* MJ, Sun* YP. Metallic Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes for Electrically Conductive Materials and Devices. CARBON NANOTUBE-POLYMER COMPOSITES 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849736817-00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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21
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Zhao MQ, Tian GL, Zhang Q, Huang JQ, Nie JQ, Wei F. Preferential growth of short aligned, metallic-rich single-walled carbon nanotubes from perpendicular layered double hydroxide film. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:2470-2477. [PMID: 22373876 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr00043a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Direct bulk growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with required properties, such as diameter, length, and chirality, is the first step to realize their advanced applications in electrical and optical devices, transparent conductive films, and high-performance field-effect transistors. Preferential growth of short aligned, metallic-rich SWCNTs is a great challenge to the carbon nanotube community. We report the bulk preferential growth of short aligned SWCNTs from perpendicular Mo-containing FeMgAl layered double hydroxide (LDH) film by a facile thermal chemical vapor deposition with CH(4) as carbon source. The growth of the short aligned SWCNTs showed a decreased growth velocity with an initial value of 1.9 nm s(-1). Such a low growth velocity made it possible to get aligned SWCNTs shorter than 1 μm with a growth duration less than 15 min. Raman spectra with different excitation wavelengths indicated that the as-grown short aligned SWCNTs showed high selectivity of metallic SWCNTs. Various kinds of materials, such as mica, quartz, Cu foil, and carbon fiber, can serve as the substrates for the growth of perpendicular FeMoMgAl LDH films and also the growth of the short aligned SWCNTs subsequently. These findings highlight the easy route for bulk preferential growth of aligned metallic-rich SWCNTs with well defined length for further bulk characterization and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Qiang Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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22
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Lemasson F, Berton N, Tittmann J, Hennrich F, Kappes MM, Mayor M. Polymer Library Comprising Fluorene and Carbazole Homo- and Copolymers for Selective Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Extraction. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma201890g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Lemasson
- Institute for Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe,
Germany
| | - Nicolas Berton
- Institute for Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe,
Germany
| | - Jana Tittmann
- Institute for Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe,
Germany
| | - Frank Hennrich
- Institute for Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe,
Germany
| | - Manfred M. Kappes
- Institute for Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe,
Germany
- Institute of Physical
Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- DFG Center for Functional Nanostructures, 76028 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Institute for Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe,
Germany
- DFG Center for Functional Nanostructures, 76028 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
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23
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Gebhardt B, Hof F, Backes C, Müller M, Plocke T, Maultzsch J, Thomsen C, Hauke F, Hirsch A. Selective polycarboxylation of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes by reductive sidewall functionalization. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:19459-73. [PMID: 22035086 DOI: 10.1021/ja206818n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The efficient and controllable synthesis, the detailed characterization, and the chemical postfunctionalization of polycarboxylated single-walled carbon nanotubes SWCNT(COOH)(n) are reported. This innovative covalent sidewall functionalization method is characterized by (a) the preservation of the integrity of the entire σ-framework of SWCNTs; (b) the possibility of achieving very high degrees of addition; (c) control of the functionalization degrees by the variation of the reaction conditions (reaction time, ultrasonic treatment, pressure); (d) the identification of conditions for the selective functionalization of semiconducting carbon nanotubes, leaving unfunctionalized metallic tubes behind; (e) the proof that the introduced carboxylic acid functionalities can serve as versatile anchor points for the coupling to functional molecules; and (f) the application of a subsequent thermal degradation step of the functionalized semiconducting tubes leaving behind intact metallic SWCNTs. Functional derivatives have been characterized in detail by means of Raman, UV-vis/nIR, IR, and fluorescence spectroscopy as well as by thermogravimetric analysis combined with mass spectrometry, atomic force microscopy, and zeta-potential measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Gebhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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24
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Backes C, Schunk T, Hauke F, Hirsch A. Counterion effect on the aggregation of anionic perylene dyes and the influence on carbon nanotube dispersion efficiencies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm02505d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Xu PF, Noh H, Lee JH, Cha JN. DNA mediated assembly of single walled carbon nanotubes: role of DNA linkers and annealing. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:10004-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp02815k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Fort EH, Scott LT. Carbon nanotubes from short hydrocarbon templates. Energy analysis of the Diels–Alder cycloaddition/rearomatization growth strategy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm02517h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Sun JT, Hong CY, Pan CY. Surface modification of carbon nanotubes with dendrimers or hyperbranched polymers. Polym Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0py00356e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The different methods for modification of carbon nanotubes with dendrimers or hyperbranched polymers are summarized, and recent development is highlighted by discussing some representative examples in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Tong Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Chun-Yan Hong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Cai-Yuan Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- P. R. China
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28
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Lemasson FA, Strunk T, Gerstel P, Hennrich F, Lebedkin S, Barner-Kowollik C, Wenzel W, Kappes MM, Mayor M. Selective Dispersion of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Specific Chiral Indices by Poly(N-decyl-2,7-carbazole). J Am Chem Soc 2010; 133:652-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja105722u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabien A. Lemasson
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany,
| | - Timo Strunk
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany,
| | - Peter Gerstel
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Frank Hennrich
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany,
| | - Sergei Lebedkin
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany,
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wenzel
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany,
- DFG Center for Functional Nanostructures, 76028 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Manfred M. Kappes
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany,
- DFG Center for Functional Nanostructures, 76028 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany,
- DFG Center for Functional Nanostructures, 76028 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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29
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Backes C, Schmidt CD, Hauke F, Hirsch A. Perylene-Based Nanotweezers: Enrichment of Larger-Diameter Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Chem Asian J 2010; 6:438-44. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201000647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Abstract
Current as-grown single-walled carbon nanotubes vary in diameter and chirality, which results in variations in their electronic and optical properties. Two approaches have been intensively studied to obtain chirality-pure nanotube structures and thus uniform properties for advanced applications. The first approach involves the post-synthesis separation according to the nanotubes' chiral vectors (n, m), and the second one involves direct synthes of carbon nanotubes with the same (n, m). This paper reviews the efforts along these two directions, with emphasis on the most recent progress of post-synthesis separation and the perspectives of controllable synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore
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31
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Karabudak E, Backes C, Hauke F, Schmidt CD, Cölfen H, Hirsch A, Wohlleben W. A Universal Ultracentrifuge Spectrometer Visualizes CNT-Intercalant-Surfactant Complexes. Chemphyschem 2010; 11:3224-7. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201000504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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32
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Komatsu N, Wang F. A Comprehensive Review on Separation Methods and Techniques for Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. MATERIALS 2010; 3:3818-3844. [PMID: 28883313 PMCID: PMC5445797 DOI: 10.3390/ma3073818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Revised: 06/22/2010] [Accepted: 06/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Structural control of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) is attracting enormous interest in view of their applications to nanoelectronics and nanooptics. Actually, more than 200 papers regarding separation of SWNTs have been published since 1998. In this review, they are classified into the following five sections according to the separation methods; electrophoresis, centrifugation, chromatography, selective solubilization and selective reaction. In each method, all literature is summarized in tables showing the separated objects (metallic/semiconducting (M/S), length, diameter, (n, m) structure and/or handedness), the production process of the used SWNTs (CoMoCAT, HiPco, arc discharge and/or laser vaporization) and the employed chemicals, such as detergents and polymers. Changes in annual number of publications related to this subject are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Komatsu
- Department of Chemistry, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
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33
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Voiry D, Roubeau O, Pénicaud A. Stoichiometric control of single walled carbon nanotubes functionalization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm00082e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Liu B, Ren W, Liu C, Sun CH, Gao L, Li S, Jiang C, Cheng HM. Growth velocity and direct length-sorted growth of short single-walled carbon nanotubes by a metal-catalyst-free chemical vapor deposition process. ACS NANO 2009; 3:3421-3430. [PMID: 19856907 DOI: 10.1021/nn900799v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report on the observation of a very low growth velocity of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and consequently the direct length-sorted growth and patterned growth of SWNTs by using a metal-catalyst-free chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process proposed recently by our group, in which SiO(2) serves as catalyst. We found that the growth velocity of the SWNTs from SiO(2) catalyst is only 8.3 nm/s, which is about 300 times slower than that of the commonly used iron group catalysts (Co as a counterpart catalyst in this study). Such a slow growth velocity renders direct length-sorted growth of SWNTs, especially for short SWNTs with hundreds of nanometers in length. By simply adjusting the growth duration, SWNTs with average lengths of 149, 342, and 483 nm were selectively obtained and SWNTs as short as approximately 20 nm in length can be grown directly. Moreover, comparative studies indicate that the SiO(2) catalyst possesses a much longer catalytic active time, showing sharp contrast with the commonly used Co catalyst which quickly loses its catalytic activity. Taking advantage of the very slow growth velocity of the SiO(2) catalyst, patterned growth of SWNT networks confined in a narrow region of <5 microm was also achieved. The short SWNTs may show intriguing physics owing to their finite length effect and are attractive for various practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilu Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P. R. China
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