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Aksu C, Ingram W, Bradford PD, Jur JS. Laser-etch patterning of metal oxide coated carbon nanotube 3D architectures. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:335302. [PMID: 29794331 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aac79d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a way to fabricate novel hybrid low density nanostructures containing both carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and ceramic nanotubes. Using atomic layer deposition, a thin film of aluminum oxide was conformally deposited on aligned multiwall CNT foams in which the CNTs make porous, three-dimensional interconnected networks. A CO2 laser was used to etch pure alumina nanotube structures by burning out the underlying CNT substrate in discrete locations via the printed laser pattern. Structural and morphological transitions during the calcination process of aluminum oxide coated CNTs were investigated through in situ transmission electron microscopy and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy. Laser parameters were optimized to etch the CNT away (i.e. etching speed, power and focal length) while minimizing damage to the alumina nanotubes due to overheating. This study opens a new route for fabricating very low density three dimensionally patterned materials with areas of dissimilar materials and properties. To demonstrate the attributes of these structures, the etched areas were used toward anisotropic microfluidic liquid flow. The demonstration used the full thickness of the material to make complex pathways for the liquid flow in the structure. Through tuning of processing conditions, the alumina nanotube (etched) regions became hydrophilic while the bulk material remained hydrophobic and electrically conductive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cemile Aksu
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8301, United States of America
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Li Z, Liu Z, Sun H, Gao C. Superstructured Assembly of Nanocarbons: Fullerenes, Nanotubes, and Graphene. Chem Rev 2015; 115:7046-117. [PMID: 26168245 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Haiyan Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Chao Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310007, China
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Di J, Wang X, Xing Y, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Lu W, Li Q, Zhu YT. Dry-processable carbon nanotubes for functional devices and composites. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:4606-25. [PMID: 25123967 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201401465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Assembly of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in effective and productive ways is of vital importance to their application. Recent progress in synthesis of CNTs has inspired new strategies for utilizing the unique physiochemical properties of CNTs in macroscale materials and devices. Assembling CNTs by dry processes (e.g., directly collecting CNTs in the form of freestanding films followed by pressing, stretching, and multilayer stacking instead of dispersing them in solution) not only considerably simplifies the processes but also avoids structural damage to the CNTs. Various dry-processable CNTs are reviewed, focusing on their synthesis, properties, and applications. The synthesis techniques are organized in terms of aggregative morphologies and microstructure control of CNTs. Important applications such as functional thin-film devices, strong CNT films, and composites are included. The opportunities and challenges in the synthesis techniques and fabrication of advanced composites and devices are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Di
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
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Cong HP, Chen JF, Yu SH. Graphene-based macroscopic assemblies and architectures: an emerging material system. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:7295-325. [PMID: 25065466 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00181h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Due to the outstanding physicochemical properties arising from its truly two-dimensional (2D) planar structure with a single-atom thickness, graphene exhibits great potential for use in sensors, catalysts, electrodes, and in biological applications, etc. With further developments in the theoretical understanding and assembly techniques, graphene should enable great changes both in scientific research and practical industrial applications. By the look of development, it is of fundamental and practical significance to translate the novel physical and chemical properties of individual graphene nanosheets into the macroscale by the assembly of graphene building blocks into macroscopic architectures with structural specialities and functional novelties. The combined features of a 2D planar structure and abundant functional groups of graphene oxide (GO) should provide great possibilities for the assembly of GO nanosheets into macroscopic architectures with different macroscaled shapes through various assembly techniques under different bonding interactions. Moreover, macroscopic graphene frameworks can be used as ideal scaffolds for the incorporation of functional materials to offset the shortage of pure graphene in the specific desired functionality. The advantages of light weight, supra-flexibility, large surface area, tough mechanical strength, and high electrical conductivity guarantee graphene-based architectures wide application fields. This critical review mainly addresses recent advances in the design and fabrication of graphene-based macroscopic assemblies and architectures and their potential applications. Herein, we first provide overviews of the functional macroscopic graphene materials from three aspects, i.e., 1D graphene fibers/ribbons, 2D graphene films/papers, 3D network-structured graphene monoliths, and their composite counterparts with either polymers or nano-objects. Then, we present the promising potential applications of graphene-based macroscopic assemblies in the fields of electronic and optoelectronic devices, sensors, electrochemical energy devices, and in water treatment. Last, the personal conclusions and perspectives for this intriguing field are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Ping Cong
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.
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Li L, Fan L, Sun M, Qiu H, Li X, Duan H, Luo C. Adsorbent for chromium removal based on graphene oxide functionalized with magnetic cyclodextrin–chitosan. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 107:76-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.01.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Gui X, Lin Z, Zeng Z, Wang K, Wu D, Tang Z. Controllable synthesis of spongy carbon nanotube blocks with tunable macro- and microstructures. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 24:085705. [PMID: 23377139 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/8/085705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Macroscopic carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with uniform structures are in great demand for use in composites and environmental materials. Here we demonstrate the controlled synthesis of spongy CNT blocks with isotropic properties and flexible, freestanding structures. The formation mechanism of the isotropic CNT sponges is discussed, based on its open-ended structure and initial formation in the vapor phase. The microstructure of the CNT sponges can be tuned by changing the flow rate of the carrier gas, resulting in CNT sponges with diameters ranging from 30.2 to 47.8 nm and wall thicknesses from 7 to 16 nm. The bulk density (5-25 mg cm(-3)), mechanical strength of the CNT sponges, and filling rate of ferromagnetic catalyst in the CNT sponges can also be modulated by controlling the supply rate of the carbon source, suggesting potential applications in mechanical energy absorption and environmental materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuchun Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Lee SM, Kim HJ, Ha YJ, Park YN, Lee SK, Park YB, Yoo KH. Targeted chemo-photothermal treatments of rheumatoid arthritis using gold half-shell multifunctional nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2013. [PMID: 23194301 DOI: 10.1021/nn301215q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We have developed RGD-attached gold (Au) half-shell nanoparticles containing methotrexate (MTX) for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), where MTX is the most widely used disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) for the treatment of RA, and RGD peptide is a targeting moiety for inflammation. Upon near-infrared (NIR) irradiation, heat is locally generated due to Au half-shells, and the drug release rate is enhanced, delivering heat and drug to the inflamed joints simultaneously. RA is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by synovial inflammation in multiple joints within the penetration depth of NIR light. When combined with NIR irradiation, these nanoparticles containing a much smaller dosage of MTX (1/930 of MTX solution) showed greater therapeutic effects than that of a conventional treatment with MTX solution in collagen-induced arthritic mice. This novel drug delivery system is a good way to maximize therapeutic efficacy and minimize dosage-related MTX side effects in the treatment of RA. Furthermore, these multifunctional nanoparticles could be applied to other DMARDs for RA or other inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Mi Lee
- Nanomedical Graduate Program, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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Zhao J, Ren W, Cheng HM. Graphene sponge for efficient and repeatable adsorption and desorption of water contaminations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm34128j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 437] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zhou G, Wang DW, Hou PX, Li W, Li N, Liu C, Li F, Cheng HM. A nanosized Fe2O3 decorated single-walled carbon nanotube membrane as a high-performance flexible anode for lithium ion batteries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm32893c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Nyholm L, Nyström G, Mihranyan A, Strømme M. Toward flexible polymer and paper-based energy storage devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:3751-69. [PMID: 21739488 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201004134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Revised: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
All-polymer and paper-based energy storage devices have significant inherent advantages in comparison with many currently employed batteries and supercapacitors regarding environmental friendliness, flexibility, cost and versatility. The research within this field is currently undergoing an exciting development as new polymers, composites and paper-based devices are being developed. In this report, we review recent progress concerning the development of flexible energy storage devices based on electronically conducting polymers and cellulose containing composites with particular emphasis on paper-based batteries and supercapacitors. We discuss recent progress in the development of the most commonly used electronically conducting polymers used in flexible device prototypes, the advantages and disadvantages of this type of energy storage devices, as well as the two main approaches used in the manufacturing of paper-based charge storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leif Nyholm
- Department of Materials Chemistry, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Zhang Q, Huang JQ, Zhao MQ, Qian WZ, Wei F. Carbon nanotube mass production: principles and processes. CHEMSUSCHEM 2011; 4:864-89. [PMID: 21732544 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201100177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Our society requires new materials for a sustainable future, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are among the most important advanced materials. This Review describes the state-of-the-art of CNT synthesis, with a focus on their mass-production in industry. At the nanoscale, the production of CNTs involves the self-assembly of carbon atoms into a one-dimensional tubular structure. We describe how this synthesis can be achieved on the macroscopic scale in processes akin to the continuous tonne-scale mass production of chemical products in the modern chemical industry. Our overview includes discussions on processing methods for high-purity CNTs, and the handling of heat and mass transfer problems. Manufacturing strategies for agglomerated and aligned single-/multiwalled CNTs are used as examples of the engineering science of CNT production, which includes an understanding of their growth mechanism, agglomeration mechanism, reactor design, and process intensification. We aim to provide guidelines for the production and commercialization of CNTs. Although CNTs can now be produced on the tonne scale, knowledge of the growth mechanism at the atomic scale, the relationship between CNT structure and application, and scale-up of the production of CNTs with specific chirality are still inadequate. A multidisciplinary approach is a prerequisite for the sustainable development of the CNT industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China
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Tessonnier JP, Su DS. Recent progress on the growth mechanism of carbon nanotubes: a review. CHEMSUSCHEM 2011; 4:824-47. [PMID: 21732543 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201100175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Tremendous progress has been achieved during the past 20 years on not only improving the yields of carbon nanotubes and move progressively towards their mass production, but also on gaining a profound fundamental understanding of the nucleation and the growth processes. Parameters that influence the yield but also the quality (e.g., microstructure, homogeneity within a batch) are better understood. The influence of the carbon precursor, the reaction conditions, the presence of a catalyst, the chemical and physical status of the latter, and other factors have been extensively studied. The purpose of the present Review is not to list all the experiments reported in the literature, but rather to identify trends and provide a comprehensive summary on the role of selected parameters. The role of the catalyst occupies a central place in this Review as a careful control of the metal particle size, particle dispersion on the support, the metastable phase formed under reaction conditions, its possible reconstruction, and faceting strongly influence the diameter of the carbon nanotubes, their structure (number of walls, graphene sheet orientation, chirality), their alignment, and the yield. The identified trends will be compared with recent observations on the growth of graphene. Recent results on metal-free catalysts will be analyzed from a different perspective.
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Liu L, Ma W, Zhang Z. Macroscopic carbon nanotube assemblies: preparation, properties, and potential applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2011; 7:1504-20. [PMID: 21506264 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201002198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
As classical 1D nanoscale structures, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) possess remarkable mechanical, electrical, thermal, and optical properties. In the past several years, considerable attention has been paid to the use of CNTs as building blocks for novel high-performance materials. In this way, the production of macroscopic architectures based on assembled CNTs with controlled orientation and configurations is an important step towards their application. So far, various forms of macroscale CNT assemblies have been produced, such as 1D CNT fibers, 2D CNT films/sheets, and 3D aligned CNT arrays or foams. These macroarchitectures, depending on the manner in which they are assembled, display a variety of fascinating features that cannot be achieved using conventional materials. This review provides an overview of various macroscopic CNT assemblies, with a focus on their preparation and mechanical properties as well as their potential applications in practical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luqi Liu
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
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Liu Q, Fujigaya T, Cheng HM, Nakashima N. Free-Standing Highly Conductive Transparent Ultrathin Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Films. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:16581-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ja1067367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingfeng Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Core Research of Evolutional Science & Technology (CREST), 5 Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan, and Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Tsuyohiko Fujigaya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Core Research of Evolutional Science & Technology (CREST), 5 Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan, and Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Core Research of Evolutional Science & Technology (CREST), 5 Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan, and Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Naotoshi Nakashima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Core Research of Evolutional Science & Technology (CREST), 5 Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan, and Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
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Liu C, Li F, Ma LP, Cheng HM. Advanced materials for energy storage. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:E28-62. [PMID: 20217798 DOI: 10.1002/adma.200903328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1682] [Impact Index Per Article: 120.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Popularization of portable electronics and electric vehicles worldwide stimulates the development of energy storage devices, such as batteries and supercapacitors, toward higher power density and energy density, which significantly depends upon the advancement of new materials used in these devices. Moreover, energy storage materials play a key role in efficient, clean, and versatile use of energy, and are crucial for the exploitation of renewable energy. Therefore, energy storage materials cover a wide range of materials and have been receiving intensive attention from research and development to industrialization. In this Review, firstly a general introduction is given to several typical energy storage systems, including thermal, mechanical, electromagnetic, hydrogen, and electrochemical energy storage. Then the current status of high-performance hydrogen storage materials for on-board applications and electrochemical energy storage materials for lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors is introduced in detail. The strategies for developing these advanced energy storage materials, including nanostructuring, nano-/microcombination, hybridization, pore-structure control, configuration design, surface modification, and composition optimization, are discussed. Finally, the future trends and prospects in the development of advanced energy storage materials are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016 (China)
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