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Yang H, Edberg J, Gueskine V, Vagin M, Say MG, Erlandsson J, Wågberg L, Engquist I, Berggren M. The effect of crosslinking on ion transport in nanocellulose-based membranes. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 278:118938. [PMID: 34973756 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Ion selective membranes are at the heart of energy conversion and harvesting, water treatment, and biotechnologies. The currently available membranes are mostly based on expensive and non-biodegradable polymers. Here, we report a cation-selective and low-cost membrane prepared from renewable nanocellulose and 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid which simultaneously serves as crosslinker and source of anionic surface groups. Charge density and structure of the membranes are studied. By using different degrees of crosslinking, simultaneous control over both the nanochannel structure and surface charge concentration is achieved, which in turn determines the resulting ion transport properties. Increasing negative charge concentration via higher crosslinker content, the obtained ion conductivity reaches up to 8 mS/cm (0.1 M KCl). Optimal ion selectivity, also influenced by the solution pH, is achieved at 20 wt% crosslinker addition (with ion conductivity of 1.6 mS/cm). As regular ~1.4 nm nanochannels were formed at this composition, nanofluidic contribution to ion transport is likely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Yang
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Jesper Edberg
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bio- and Organic Electronics, Bredgatan 33, SE-602 21 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Viktor Gueskine
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Mikhail Vagin
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Mehmet Girayhan Say
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Johan Erlandsson
- Division of Fibre Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Wågberg
- Division of Fibre Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden; Wallenberg Wood Science Centre, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Isak Engquist
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74 Norrköping, Sweden; Wallenberg Wood Science Centre, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74 Norrköping, Sweden.
| | - Magnus Berggren
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74 Norrköping, Sweden; Wallenberg Wood Science Centre, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
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Kwon SR, Baek S, Fu K, Bohn PW. Electrowetting-Mediated Transport to Produce Electrochemical Transistor Action in Nanopore Electrode Arrays. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1907249. [PMID: 32270930 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201907249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding water behavior in confined volumes is important in applications ranging from water purification to healthcare devices. Especially relevant are wetting and dewetting phenomena which can be switched by external stimuli, such as light and electric fields. Here, these behaviors are exploited for electrochemical processing by voltage-directed ion transport in nanochannels contained within nanopore arrays in which each nanopore presents three electrodes. The top and middle electrodes (TE and ME) are in direct contact with the nanopore volume, but the bottom electrode (BE) is buried beneath a 70 nm silicon nitride (SiNx ) insulating layer. Electrochemical transistor operation is realized when small, defect-mediated channels are opened in the SiNx . These defect channels exhibit voltage-driven wetting that mediates the mass transport of redox species to/from the BE. When BE is held at a potential maintaining the defect channels in the wetted state, setting the potential of ME at either positive or negative overpotential results in strong electrochemical rectification with rectification factors up to 440. By directing the voltage-induced electrowetting of defect channels, these three-electrode nanopore structures can achieve precise gating and ion/molecule separation, and, as such, may be useful for applications such as water purification and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Ryong Kwon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Seol Baek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Kaiyu Fu
- Department of Radiology and Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94306, USA
| | - Paul W Bohn
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
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Zhou Y, Chen C, Zhang X, Liu D, Xu L, Dai J, Liou SC, Wang Y, Li C, Xie H, Wu Q, Foster B, Li T, Briber RM, Hu L. Decoupling Ionic and Electronic Pathways in Low-Dimensional Hybrid Conductors. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:17830-17837. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yubing Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Chaoji Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Dapeng Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Lisha Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Jiaqi Dai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Sz-Chian Liou
- Advanced Imaging and Microscopy (AIM) Lab of Nano Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Yilin Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Claire Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Hua Xie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Qingyun Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Bob Foster
- Trinity Industries, Inc., Dallas, Texas 75207, United States
| | - Teng Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Robert M. Briber
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Liangbing Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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Zhang M, Chen S, Sheng N, Wang B, Yao J, Wu Z, Wang H. A strategy of tailoring polymorphs and nanostructures to construct self-reinforced nonswelling high-strength bacterial cellulose hydrogels. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:15347-15358. [PMID: 31386746 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr04462k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A serious decline in mechanical properties of polysaccharide hydrogels caused by swelling has always been a difficult problem which greatly limited their application especially in the medical field. Herein, nonswelling high-strength natural hydrogels based on self-reinforced double-crosslinked bacterial cellulose (SDBC) were prepared. Inspired by the concept of homogeneous composite materials, by regulating the ratio of LiOH/urea alkaline solvent, the aggregation structure and nanostructure of SDBC hydrogels can be controlled, thereby a unique nanofiber-network-self-reinforced (FNSR) structure was constructed and a new self-reinforcing mechanism is proposed. The prepared SDBC hydrogels have excellent mechanical properties at a high water content (>91%) for the combination of double-crosslinking and a unique FNSR structure, which can effectively prevent crack propagation and dissipate a large amount of energy. In particular, the compressive strength can reach 3.17 MPa which is 56 times that of native bacterial cellulose (BC). It is worth mentioning that no swelling occurs for the hydrogel, and the mechanical strength still remains in excess of 90% for 15 days in water, which is favorable for promising application in underwater equipment, implantable ionic devices, and tissue engineering scaffolds. This study also opens up a new horizon for the preparation of self-reinforced hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China.
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Diederichs T, Nguyen QH, Urban M, Tampé R, Tornow M. Transparent Nanopore Cavity Arrays Enable Highly Parallelized Optical Studies of Single Membrane Proteins on Chip. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:3901-3910. [PMID: 29741381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b01252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Membrane proteins involved in transport processes are key targets for pharmaceutical research and industry. Despite continuous improvements and new developments in the field of electrical readouts for the analysis of transport kinetics, a well-suited methodology for high-throughput characterization of single transporters with nonionic substrates and slow turnover rates is still lacking. Here, we report on a novel architecture of silicon chips with embedded nanopore microcavities, based on a silicon-on-insulator technology for high-throughput optical readouts. Arrays containing more than 14 000 inverted-pyramidal cavities of 50 femtoliter volumes and 80 nm circular pore openings were constructed via high-resolution electron-beam lithography in combination with reactive ion etching and anisotropic wet etching. These cavities feature both, an optically transparent bottom and top cap. Atomic force microscopy analysis reveals an overall extremely smooth chip surface, particularly in the vicinity of the nanopores, which exhibits well-defined edges. Our unprecedented transparent chip design provides parallel and independent fluorescent readout of both cavities and buffer reservoir for unbiased single-transporter recordings. Spreading of large unilamellar vesicles with efficiencies up to 96% created nanopore-supported lipid bilayers, which are stable for more than 1 day. A high lipid mobility in the supported membrane was determined by fluorescent recovery after photobleaching. Flux kinetics of α-hemolysin were characterized at single-pore resolution with a rate constant of 0.96 ± 0.06 × 10-3 s-1. Here, we deliver an ideal chip platform for pharmaceutical research, which features high parallelism and throughput, synergistically combined with single-transporter resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Diederichs
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter , Goethe University Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Str. 9 , 60438 Frankfurt/M. , Germany
| | - Quoc Hung Nguyen
- Molecular Electronics , Technical University of Munich , Theresienstrasse 90 , 80333 Munich , Germany
| | - Michael Urban
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter , Goethe University Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Str. 9 , 60438 Frankfurt/M. , Germany
| | - Robert Tampé
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter , Goethe University Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Str. 9 , 60438 Frankfurt/M. , Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt (CEF) Macromolecular Complexes ; Goethe University Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9 , 60438 Frankfurt/M. , Germany
| | - Marc Tornow
- Molecular Electronics , Technical University of Munich , Theresienstrasse 90 , 80333 Munich , Germany
- Fraunhofer Research Institution for Microsystems and Solid State Technologies (EMFT) , Hansastrasse 27d , 80686 Munich , Germany
- Center for NanoScience (CeNS) , Ludwig-Maximilians-University , Geschwister-Scholl Platz 1 , 80539 Munich , Germany
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Ramirez P, Cervera J, Gomez V, Ali M, Nasir S, Ensinger W, Mafe S. Optimizing Energy Transduction of Fluctuating Signals with Nanofluidic Diodes and Load Capacitors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1702252. [PMID: 28960903 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201702252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The design and experimental implementation of hybrid circuits is considered allowing charge transfer and energy conversion between nanofluidic diodes in aqueous ionic solutions and conventional electronic elements such as capacitors. The fundamental concepts involved are reviewed for the case of fluctuating zero-average external potentials acting on single pore and multipore membranes. This problem is relevant to electrochemical energy conversion and storage, the stimulus-response characteristics of nanosensors and actuators, and the estimation of the accumulative effects caused by external signals on biological ion channels. Half-wave and full-wave voltage doublers and quadruplers can scale up the transduction between ionic and electronic signals. The network designs discussed here should be useful to convert the weak signals characteristic of the micro and nanoscale into robust electronic responses by interconnecting iontronics and electronic elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Ramirez
- Departament de Física Aplicada, Universitat Politécnica de València, E-46022, València, Spain
| | - Javier Cervera
- Departament de Física de la Terra i Termodinàmica, Universitat de València, E-46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Vicente Gomez
- Departament de Física Aplicada, Universitat Politécnica de València, E-46022, València, Spain
| | - Mubarak Ali
- Department of Material- and Geo-Sciences, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany
- Materials Research Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Saima Nasir
- Department of Material- and Geo-Sciences, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Ensinger
- Department of Material- and Geo-Sciences, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Salvador Mafe
- Departament de Física de la Terra i Termodinàmica, Universitat de València, E-46100, Burjassot, Spain
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Zhang S, Geryak R, Geldmeier J, Kim S, Tsukruk VV. Synthesis, Assembly, and Applications of Hybrid Nanostructures for Biosensing. Chem Rev 2017; 117:12942-13038. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuaidi Zhang
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Ren Geryak
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Jeffrey Geldmeier
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Sunghan Kim
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Vladimir V. Tsukruk
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
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Zhai S, Zhao H. Influence of concentration polarization on DNA translocation through a nanopore. Phys Rev E 2016; 93:052409. [PMID: 27300926 PMCID: PMC4910644 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.93.052409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Concentration polarization can be induced by the unique ion-perm selectivity of small nanopores, leading to a salt concentration gradient across nanopores. This concentration gradient can create diffusio-osmosis and induce an electric field, affecting ionic currents on DNA that translocates through a nanopore. Here this influence is theoretically investigated by solving the continuum Poisson-Nernst-Planck model for different salt concentrations, DNA surface charge densities, and pore properties. By implementing the perturbation method, we can explicitly compute the contribution of concentration polarization to the ionic current. The induced electric field by concentration polarization is opposite to the imposed electric field and decreases the migration current, and the induced diffusio-osmosis can decrease the convection current as well. Our studies suggest that the importance of the concentration polarization can be determined by the parameter λ/G where λ is the double-layer thickness and G is the gap size. When λ/G is larger than a critical value, the influence of concentration polarization becomes more prominent. This conclusion is supported by the studies on the dependence of the ionic current on salt concentration and pore properties, showing that the difference between two models with and without accounting for concentration polarization is larger for low salts and small pores, which correspond to larger λ/G.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Zhai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, 89154
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, 89154
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Ramirez P, Gomez V, Verdia-Baguena C, Nasir S, Ali M, Ensinger W, Mafe S. Designing voltage multipliers with nanofluidic diodes immersed in aqueous salt solutions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:3995-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07203d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Novel networks composed of asymmetric membranes operate as voltage multipliers and suggest opportunities for the monitoring of sensors and actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Ramirez
- Departament de Física Aplicada
- Universitat Politècnica de València
- E-46022 València
- Spain
| | - V. Gomez
- Departament de Física Aplicada
- Universitat Politècnica de València
- E-46022 València
- Spain
| | - C. Verdia-Baguena
- Department de Física de la Tierra i Termodinàmica
- Universitat de València
- E-46100 Burjassot
- Spain
| | - S. Nasir
- Department of Material- and Geo-Sciences
- Materials Analysis, Technische Universität Darmstadt
- D-64287 Darmstadt
- Germany
- Materials Research Department
| | - M. Ali
- Department of Material- and Geo-Sciences
- Materials Analysis, Technische Universität Darmstadt
- D-64287 Darmstadt
- Germany
- Materials Research Department
| | - W. Ensinger
- Department of Material- and Geo-Sciences
- Materials Analysis, Technische Universität Darmstadt
- D-64287 Darmstadt
- Germany
| | - S. Mafe
- Department de Física de la Tierra i Termodinàmica
- Universitat de València
- E-46100 Burjassot
- Spain
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Ramirez P, Gomez V, Cervera J, Nasir S, Ali M, Ensinger W, Siwy Z, Mafe S. Voltage-controlled current loops with nanofluidic diodes electrically coupled to solid state capacitors. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra08277g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanofluidic diodes electrically coupled to solid state capacitors show electrical properties reminiscent of a resistor with memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Ramirez
- Departament de Física Aplicada
- Universitat Politècnica de València
- E-46022 València
- Spain
| | - V. Gomez
- Departament de Física Aplicada
- Universitat Politècnica de València
- E-46022 València
- Spain
| | - J. Cervera
- Departament de Física de la Tierra i Termodinàmica
- Universitat de València
- E-46100 Burjassot
- Spain
| | - S. Nasir
- Department of Material- and Geo-Sciences
- Materials Analysis
- Technische Universität Darmstadt
- D-64287 Darmstadt
- Germany
| | - M. Ali
- Department of Material- and Geo-Sciences
- Materials Analysis
- Technische Universität Darmstadt
- D-64287 Darmstadt
- Germany
| | - W. Ensinger
- Department of Material- and Geo-Sciences
- Materials Analysis
- Technische Universität Darmstadt
- D-64287 Darmstadt
- Germany
| | - Z. Siwy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- University of California
- Irvine
- USA
| | - S. Mafe
- Departament de Física de la Tierra i Termodinàmica
- Universitat de València
- E-46100 Burjassot
- Spain
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Carapeto AP, Ferraria AM, Brogueira P, Boufi S, Do Rego AMB. Cellulose films: designing template-free nanoporous cellulose films on semiconducting surfaces. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2015; 21:102-107. [PMID: 25787783 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927614001706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report the preparation of ultrathin submicro- and nanoporous cellulose films onto Si (100). The effect of different experimental conditions of preparation on the film surface morphology was studied, namely the role of the film casting method (spin- versus dip-coating), solvent (toluene or tetrahydrofuran), substrate pretreatment (hydrophilicity degree), and regeneration procedure with HCl vapors (two consecutive dips followed by regeneration or regeneration after each dip). The surface morphological structures presented in this work were never obtained before without the use of templates. A rather regular two-dimensional pore network was obtained onto the less hydrophilic Si substrate (contact angle≅68°), after two consecutive dips (with an intercalary rotation of 180º) in trimethylsilyl cellulose diluted in toluene and regeneration at the end. All the surfaces were characterized by atomic force microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P Carapeto
- 1Centro de Química-Física Molecular and IN,Instituto Superior Técnico,University of Lisbon,Av. Rovisco Pais,1049-001 Lisboa,Portugal
| | - Ana Maria Ferraria
- 1Centro de Química-Física Molecular and IN,Instituto Superior Técnico,University of Lisbon,Av. Rovisco Pais,1049-001 Lisboa,Portugal
| | - Pedro Brogueira
- 2ICEMS,Department of Physics,Instituto Superior Técnico,University of Lisbon,Av. Rovisco Pais,1049-001 Lisboa,Portugal
| | - Sami Boufi
- 3Laboratoire des Sciences des Matériaux et Environnement,University of Sfax,Route Soukra km 3.5, BP 11713000 Sfax,Tunisia
| | - Ana Maria B Do Rego
- 1Centro de Química-Física Molecular and IN,Instituto Superior Técnico,University of Lisbon,Av. Rovisco Pais,1049-001 Lisboa,Portugal
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Characterization of impedance biosensing performance of single and nanopore arrays of anodic porous alumina fabricated by focused ion beam (FIB) milling. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Ramirez P, Cervera J, Ali M, Ensinger W, Mafe S. Logic Functions with Stimuli-Responsive Single Nanopores. ChemElectroChem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201300255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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15
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Menard LD, Mair CE, Woodson ME, Alarie JP, Ramsey JM. A device for performing lateral conductance measurements on individual double-stranded DNA molecules. ACS NANO 2012; 6:9087-94. [PMID: 22950784 PMCID: PMC3482132 DOI: 10.1021/nn303322r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A nanofluidic device is described that is capable of electrically monitoring the driven translocation of DNA molecules through a nanochannel. This is achieved by intersecting a long transport channel with a shorter orthogonal nanochannel. The ionic conductance of this transverse nanochannel is monitored while DNA is electrokinetically driven through the transport channel. When DNA passes the intersection, the transverse conductance is altered, resulting in a transient current response. In 1 M KCl solutions, this was found to be a current enhancement of 5-25%, relative to the baseline transverse ionic current. Two different device geometries were investigated. In one device, the DNA was detected after it was fully inserted into and translocating through the transport nanochannel. In the other device, the DNA was detected while it was in the process of entering the nanochannel. It was found that these two conditions are characterized by different transport dynamics. Simultaneous optical and electrical monitoring of DNA translocation confirmed that the transient events originated from DNA transport through the nanochannel intersection.
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Liu J, Kvetny M, Feng J, Wang D, Wu B, Brown W, Wang G. Surface charge density determination of single conical nanopores based on normalized ion current rectification. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:1588-1595. [PMID: 22182684 DOI: 10.1021/la203106w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Current rectification is well known in ion transport through nanoscale pores and channel devices. The measured current is affected by both the geometry and fixed interfacial charges of the nanodevices. In this article, an interesting trend is observed in steady-state current-potential measurements using single conical nanopores. A threshold low-conductivity state is observed upon the dilution of electrolyte concentration. Correspondingly, the normalized current at positive bias potentials drastically increases and contributes to different degrees of rectification. This novel trend at opposite bias polarities is employed to differentiate the ion flux affected by the fixed charges at the substrate-solution interface (surface effect), with respect to the constant asymmetric geometry (volume effect). The surface charge density (SCD) of individual nanopores, an important physical parameter that is challenging to measure experimentally and is known to vary from one nanopore to another, is directly quantified by solving Poisson and Nernst-Planck equations in the simulation of the experimental results. The flux distribution inside the nanopore and the SCD of individual nanopores are reported. The respective diffusion and migration translocations are found to vary at different positions inside the nanopore. This knowledge is believed to be important for resistive pulse sensing applications because the detection signal is determined by the perturbation of the ion current by the analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, USA
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17
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Baaken G, Ankri N, Schuler AK, Rühe J, Behrends JC. Nanopore-based single-molecule mass spectrometry on a lipid membrane microarray. ACS NANO 2011; 5:8080-8. [PMID: 21932787 DOI: 10.1021/nn202670z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We report on parallel high-resolution electrical single-molecule analysis on a chip-based nanopore microarray. Lipid bilayers of <20 μm diameter containing single alpha-hemolysin pores were formed on arrays of subpicoliter cavities containing individual microelectrodes (microelectrode cavity array, MECA), and ion conductance-based single molecule mass spectrometry was performed on mixtures of poly(ethylene glycol) molecules of different length. We thereby demonstrate the function of the MECA device as a chip-based platform for array-format nanopore recordings with a resolution at least equal to that of established single microbilayer supports. We conclude that devices based on MECAs may enable more widespread analytical use of nanopores by providing the high throughput and ease of operation of a high-density array format while maintaining or exceeding the precision of state-of-the-art microbilayer recordings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Baaken
- Laboratory for Electrophysiology and Biotechnology, Department of Physiology, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 7, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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D'Orazio P. Biosensors in clinical chemistry - 2011 update. Clin Chim Acta 2011; 412:1749-61. [PMID: 21729694 PMCID: PMC7094392 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2011.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Research activity and applications of biosensors for measurement of analytes of clinical interest over the last eight years are reviewed. Nanotechnology has been applied to improve performance of biosensors using electrochemical, optical, mechanical and physical modes of transduction, and to allow arrays of biosensors to be constructed for parallel sensing. Biosensors have been proposed for measurement of cancer biomarkers, cardiac biomarkers as well as biomarkers for autoimmune disease, infectious disease and for DNA analysis. Novel applications of biosensors include measurements in alternate sample types, such as saliva. Biosensors based on immobilized whole cells have found new applications, for example to detect the presence of cancer and to monitor the response of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents. The number of research reports describing new biosensors for analytes of clinical interest continues to increase; however, movement of biosensors from the research laboratory to the clinical laboratory has been slow. The greatest impact of biosensors will be felt at point-of-care testing locations without laboratory support. Integration of biosensors into reliable, easy-to-use and rugged instrumentation will be required to assure success of biosensor-based systems at the point-of-care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D'Orazio
- Instrumentation Laboratory, Bedford, MA 01730, United States.
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Claridge SA, Schwartz JJ, Weiss PS. Electrons, photons, and force: quantitative single-molecule measurements from physics to biology. ACS NANO 2011; 5:693-729. [PMID: 21338175 PMCID: PMC3043607 DOI: 10.1021/nn103298x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule measurement techniques have illuminated unprecedented details of chemical behavior, including observations of the motion of a single molecule on a surface, and even the vibration of a single bond within a molecule. Such measurements are critical to our understanding of entities ranging from single atoms to the most complex protein assemblies. We provide an overview of the strikingly diverse classes of measurements that can be used to quantify single-molecule properties, including those of single macromolecules and single molecular assemblies, and discuss the quantitative insights they provide. Examples are drawn from across the single-molecule literature, ranging from ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy studies of adsorbate diffusion on surfaces to fluorescence studies of protein conformational changes in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul S. Weiss
- California NanoSystems Institute
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Address correspondence to
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Kleefen A, Pedone D, Grunwald C, Wei R, Firnkes M, Abstreiter G, Rant U, Tampé R. Multiplexed parallel single transport recordings on nanopore arrays. NANO LETTERS 2010; 10:5080-7. [PMID: 20979410 DOI: 10.1021/nl1033528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a nanofabricated silicon chip for massively multiplexed analysis of membrane channels and transporters in suspended lipid membranes that does not require any surface modification or organic solvent. Transport processes through single membrane complexes are monitored by fluorescence. The chip consists of an array of well-defined nanopores, addressing an individual pyramidal back-reflecting 30-fL compartment. The setup allows simultaneous analyses of ∼1,000 single transmembrane events in one field of view, observing translocation kinetics of transmembrane complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kleefen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Center for Membrane Proteomics (CMP), and Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt (CEF)-Macromolecular Complexes, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, D-60438 Frankfurt/M., Germany
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21
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Li SJ, Li J, Wang K, Wang C, Xu JJ, Chen HY, Xia XH, Huo Q. A nanochannel array-based electrochemical device for quantitative label-free DNA analysis. ACS NANO 2010; 4:6417-24. [PMID: 20958077 DOI: 10.1021/nn101050r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A strategy for label-free oligonucleotide (DNA) analysis has been proposed by measuring the DNA-morpholino hybridization hindered diffusion flux of probe ions Fe(CN)(6)(3-) through nanochannels of a porous anodic alumina (PAA) membrane. The flux of Fe(CN)(6)(3-) passing through the PAA nanochannels is recorded using an Au film electrochemical detector sputtered at the end of the nanochannels. Hybridization of the end-tethered morpholino in the nanochannel with DNA forms a negatively charged DNA-morpholino complex, which hinders the diffusion of Fe(CN)(6)(3-) through the nanochannels and results in a decreased flux. This flux is strongly dependent on ionic strength, nanochannel aperture, and target DNA concentration, which indicates a synergetic effect of steric and electrostatic repulsion effects in the confined nanochannels. Further comparison of the probe flux with different charge passing through the nanochannels confirms that the electrostatic effect between the probe ions and DNA dominates the hindered diffusion process. Under optimal conditions, the present nanochannel array-based DNA biosensor gives a detection limit of 0.1 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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Yalcin SE, Sharma A, Qian S, Joo SW, Baysal O. Manipulating particles in microfluidics by floating electrodes. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:3711-8. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Revised: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 07/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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23
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Nanoscale Techniques for Biomarker Quantification. Biomarkers 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470918562.ch18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Wei R, Pedone D, Zürner A, Döblinger M, Rant U. Fabrication of metallized nanopores in silicon nitride membranes for single-molecule sensing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2010; 6:1406-1414. [PMID: 20564484 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201000253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication and characterization of a metallized nanopore structure for the sensing of single molecules is described. Pores of varying diameters (>10 nm) are patterned into free-standing silicon nitride membranes by electron-beam lithography and reactive ion etching. Structural characterization by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and tomography reveals a conical pore shape with a 40 degrees aperture. Metal films of Ti/Au are vapor deposited and the pore shape and shrinking are studied as a function of evaporated film thickness. TEM tomography analysis confirms metalization of the inner pore walls as well as conservation of the conical pore shape. In electrical measurements of the transpore current in aqueous electrolyte solution, the pores feature very low noise. The applicability of the metallized pores for stochastic sensing is demonstrated in real-time translocation experiments of single lambda-DNA molecules. We observe exceptionally long-lasting current blockades with a fine structure of distinct current levels, suggesting an attractive interaction between the DNA and the PEGylated metallic pore walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoshan Wei
- Walter Schottky Institut Technische Universität München Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Yalcin SE, Lee SY, Joo SW, Baysal O, Qian S. Electrodiffusiophoretic motion of a charged spherical particle in a nanopore. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:4082-93. [PMID: 20196581 DOI: 10.1021/jp100784p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The electrodiffusiophoretic motion of a charged spherical nanoparticle in a nanopore subjected to an axial electric field and electrolyte concentration gradient has been investigated using a continuum model, composed of the Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations for the ionic mass transport and the Navier-Stokes equations for the flow field. The charged particle experiences electrophoresis in response to the imposed electric field and diffusiophoresis caused solely by the imposed concentration gradient. The diffusiophoretic motion is induced by two different mechanisms, an electrophoresis driven by the generated electric field arising from the difference of ionic diffusivities and the double layer polarization and a chemiphoresis due to the induced osmotic pressure gradient around the charged nanoparticle. The electrodiffusiophoretic motion along the axis of a nanopore is investigated as a function of the ratio of the particle size to the thickness of the electrical double layer, the imposed concentration gradient, the ratio of the surface charge density of the nanopore to that of the particle, and the type of electrolyte. Depending on the magnitude and direction of the imposed concentration gradient, one can accelerate, decelerate, and even reverse the particle's electrophoretic motion in a nanopore by the superimposed diffusiophoresis. The induced electroosmotic flow in the vicinity of the charged nanopore wall driven by both the imposed and the generated electric fields also significantly affects the electrodiffusiophoretic motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan E Yalcin
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
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Piruska A, Gong M, Sweedler JV, Bohn PW. Nanofluidics in chemical analysis. Chem Soc Rev 2010; 39:1060-72. [DOI: 10.1039/b900409m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Wang G, Dunbar WB. An integrated, low noise patch-clamp amplifier for biological nanopore applications. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2010; 2010:2718-2721. [PMID: 21096207 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2010.5626570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We present an integrated, low noise patch-clamp amplifier for biological nanopore applications. Our amplifier consists of an integrator-differentiator architecture coupled with a novel opamp design in the CMOS 0.35 µm process. The post-layout full-chip simulation shows the input referred noise of the amplifier is 0.49 pA RMS over a 5 kHz bandwidth using a verified electrical model for the biological nanopore system. In our biological nanopore experiments studying protein-DNA interactions, we encounter capacitive transients with a nominal settling time of 5 ms. Our amplifier design reduces the settling time to 0.2 ms, without requiring any compensation circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, CA 95064, USA
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