1
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Chaparian F, Delazar Z, Dinani MS. Isolation of two steroidal saponins with antileishmanial activity from Allium giganteum L. Res Pharm Sci 2024; 19:347-355. [PMID: 39035818 PMCID: PMC11257202 DOI: 10.4103/rps.rps_71_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Alliums are rich sources of steroidal saponins, flavonoids, and sulphoric compounds of which steroidal saponins have recently received more attention due to their important pharmacological activities. Allium giganteum (giant onion) which is named locally "Couria" in the Northeast of Iran, is grown widely in "Kouh-Sorkh" mountains in Khorasan province. Experimental approach Phytochemical investigation of chloroform-methanol and aqueous extract of the plant resulted in the isolation and identification of two steroidal saponins, using comprehensive spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR and MS. Findings/Results The chemical structures of the isolated saponins were determined as (22S)-cholesta-1b,3b,16b,22b-tetraol 5-en, and 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl26-O-β-D-glucopyranosside and (25R)-26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-5α-furostan-1α,3β,22α,26-tetraol3-O-{β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl- (1→3)]-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-galactopyranoside}. Investigation of in vitro antileishmanial activity of the isolated compounds at 10, 50, and 100 μg/mL exhibited significant leishmanicidal against the promastigotes of Leishmania major. Conclusion and implications The results established a valuable basis for further studies about A. giganteum and the anti-parasitic activity of steroidal saponins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Chaparian
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zeinab Delazar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoud Sadeghi Dinani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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2
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Paarvanova B, Tacheva B, Savova G, Karabaliev M, Georgieva R. Hemolysis by Saponin Is Accelerated at Hypertonic Conditions. Molecules 2023; 28:7096. [PMID: 37894578 PMCID: PMC10609376 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Saponins are a large group of organic amphiphilic substances (surfactants) mainly extracted from herbs with biological activity, considered as one of the main ingredients in numerous remedies used in traditional medicine since ancient times. Anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, antiparasitic, antitumor, antioxidant and many other properties have been confirmed for some. There is increasing interest in the elucidation of the mechanisms behind the effects of saponins on different cell types at the molecular level. In this regard, erythrocytes are a very welcome model, having very simple structures with no organelles. They react to changing external conditions and substances by changing shape or volume, with damage to their membrane ultimately leading to hemolysis. Hemolysis can be followed spectrophotometrically and provides valuable information about the type and extent of membrane damage. We investigated hemolysis of erythrocytes induced by various saponin concentrations in hypotonic, isotonic and hypertonic media using measurements of real time and end-point hemolysis. The osmotic pressure was adjusted by different concentrations of NaCl, manitol or a NaCl/manitol mixture. Unexpectedly, at a fixed saponin concentration, hemolysis was accelerated at hypertonic conditions, but was much faster in NaCl compared to mannitol solutions at the same osmotic pressure. These findings confirm the colloid-osmotic mechanism behind saponin hemolysis with pore formation with increasing size in the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyana Paarvanova
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Bilyana Tacheva
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Gergana Savova
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Miroslav Karabaliev
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Radostina Georgieva
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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3
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Li Y, Yang H, Li Z, Li S, Li J. Advances in the Biosynthesis and Molecular Evolution of Steroidal Saponins in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032620. [PMID: 36768941 PMCID: PMC9917158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Steroidal saponins are an important type of plant-specific metabolite that are essential for plants' responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Because of their extensive pharmacological activities, steroidal saponins are also important industrial raw materials for the production of steroidal drugs. In recent years, more and more studies have explored the biosynthesis of steroidal saponins in plants, but most of them only focused on the biosynthesis of their molecular skeleton, diosgenin, and their subsequent glycosylation modification mechanism needs to be further studied. In addition, the biosynthetic regulation mechanism of steroidal saponins, their distribution pattern, and their molecular evolution in plants remain unclear. In this review, we summarized and discussed recent studies on the biosynthesis, molecular regulation, and function of steroidal saponins. Finally, we also reviewed the distribution and molecular evolution of steroidal saponins in plants. The elucidation of the biosynthesis, regulation, and molecular evolutionary mechanisms of steroidal saponins is crucial to provide new insights and references for studying their distribution, diversity, and evolutionary history in plants. Furthermore, a deeper understanding of steroidal saponin biosynthesis will contribute to their industrial production and pharmacological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jiaru Li
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-6875-3599
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4
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Li MM, Lu J, Deng Y. Dracaenone, a novel type of homoisoflavone: Natural source, biological activity and chemical synthesis. CURR ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272826666220510151029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
The discovery and synthesis of natural products, especially those possessing novel scaffolds, are crucial to the development of new drugs. Dracaenones are part of homoisoflavone natural products, owning a complex spiro-bridged polycyclic structures bearing benzylic quaternary carbon centers, and some of them reveal considerable biological activity. There have been continuous studies on these compounds due to the rare structure and the important biological properties. However, a systematic summary and analysis for dracaenone is lacking. This review aims to generally summarize the natural source, synthetic strategies and biological activities of dracaenones, moreover, the limitations, challenges, and future prospects were discussed, wishing to provide references for the follow-up study of compounds with similar skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, , Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Yun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
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5
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Raslan MA, Afifi AH. In vitro wound healing properties, antioxidant activities, HPLC-ESI-MS/MS profile and phytoconstituents of the stem aqueous methanolic extract of Dracaena reflexa Lam. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5352. [PMID: 35122279 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Column chromatography of the stem aqueous methanolic extract of Dracaena reflexa Lam. (DRSE) led to the isolation of five flavonoids, one phenolic glycoside, one triterpenoid, and two steroidal saponins. Furthermore, forty-four compounds were tentatively identified in the phytoconstituents profile of DRSE using HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The antioxidant activity of DRSE was evaluated. In DPPH radical scavenging assay, DRSE exhibited IC50 value 311.6 ± 10.10 μg/mL compared to IC50 value of the standard Trolox (24.42 ± 0.87 μg/mL). The antioxidant activities of DRSE using ABTS assay and FRAP assay were 326.63 μM TE/mg extract and 208.67 μM TE/mg extract, respectively. The wound healing activity of DRSE was studied by the scratch assay using HSF (Human Skin Fibroblast) cells. After 24 hrs. DRSE (at 10 and 20 μg/mL) decreased the wound width to 0.55 ± 0.37 and 0.47 ± 0.55 mm, respectively, compared to the wound width in the control cells (0.77 ± 0.17 mm). This result suggested that DRSE improved the wound healing process by inducing the migration of fibroblasts. Moreover, a docking study was performed to evaluate the binding affinity of the identified phytoconstituents toward GSK-3β relative to the co-crystalized inhibitor and curcumin with the possible involvement of this pathway in the wound healing activity of the extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona A Raslan
- Pharmacognosy Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Afifi
- Pharmacognosy Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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6
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Thu ZM, Oo SM, Nwe TM, Aung HT, Armijos C, Hussain FHS, Vidari G. Structures and Bioactivities of Steroidal Saponins Isolated from the Genera Dracaena and Sansevieria. Molecules 2021; 26:1916. [PMID: 33805482 PMCID: PMC8037284 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The species Dracaena and Sansevieria, that are well-known for different uses in traditional medicines and as indoor ornamental plants with air purifying property, are rich sources of bioactive secondary metabolites. In fact, a wide variety of phytochemical constituents have been isolated so far from about seventeen species. This paper has reviewed the literature of about 180 steroidal saponins, isolated from Dracaena and Sansevieria species, as a basis for further studies. Saponins are among the most characteristic metabolites isolated from the two genera. They show a great variety in structural motifs and a wide range of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-proliferative effects and, in most case, remarkable cytotoxic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaw Min Thu
- Department of Chemistry, Kalay University, Kalay 03044, Myanmar; (S.M.O.); (T.M.N.)
| | - Sann Myint Oo
- Department of Chemistry, Kalay University, Kalay 03044, Myanmar; (S.M.O.); (T.M.N.)
| | - Thinn Myat Nwe
- Department of Chemistry, Kalay University, Kalay 03044, Myanmar; (S.M.O.); (T.M.N.)
| | - Hnin Thanda Aung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mandalay, Mandalay 100103, Myanmar;
| | - Chabaco Armijos
- Departamento de Química y Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto s/n, Loja 1101608, Ecuador
| | - Faiq H. S. Hussain
- Medical Analysis Department, Faculty of Science, Tishk International University, Erbil 44001, Iraq;
| | - Giovanni Vidari
- Medical Analysis Department, Faculty of Science, Tishk International University, Erbil 44001, Iraq;
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7
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Nchiozem-Ngnitedem VA, Omosa LK, Bedane KG, Derese S, Brieger L, Strohmann C, Spiteller M. Anti-inflammatory steroidal sapogenins and a conjugated chalcone-stilbene from Dracaena usambarensis Engl. Fitoterapia 2020; 146:104717. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Sharifi-Rad J, Ozleyen A, Boyunegmez Tumer T, Oluwaseun Adetunji C, El Omari N, Balahbib A, Taheri Y, Bouyahya A, Martorell M, Martins N, Cho WC. Natural Products and Synthetic Analogs as a Source of Antitumor Drugs. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E679. [PMID: 31683894 PMCID: PMC6920853 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a heterogeneous disease and one of the major issues of health concern, especially for the public health system globally. Nature is a source of anticancer drugs with abundant pool of diverse chemicals and pharmacologically active compounds. In recent decade, some natural products and synthetic analogs have been investigated for the cancer treatment. This article presents the utilization of natural products as a source of antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Zabol Medicinal Plants Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol 61615-585, Iran.
| | - Adem Ozleyen
- Graduate Program of Biomolecular Sciences, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale 17020, Turkey.
| | - Tugba Boyunegmez Tumer
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Science, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale 17020, Turkey.
| | - Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji
- Applied Microbiology, Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Edo University, Iyamho, Edo State 300271, Nigeria.
| | - Nasreddine El Omari
- Laboratory of Histology, Embryology and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat 10100, Morocco.
| | - Abdelaali Balahbib
- Laboratory of Zoology and General Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat 10106, Morocco.
| | - Yasaman Taheri
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1991953381, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 11369, Iran.
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, and Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat 10106, Morocco.
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile.
- Universidad de Concepción, Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, UDT, Concepcion 4070386, Chile.
| | - Natália Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
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9
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Lin J, Wang G, Bai L, Yu L. Two new steroidal saponins from Maianthemum henryi and their cytotoxic activity against human HepG2 tumor cells. Nat Prod Res 2018; 33:3551-3558. [PMID: 30580634 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1514605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lin
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine , Xianyang , China
| | - Guoquan Wang
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine , Xianyang , China
| | - Lu Bai
- Xi An No.1 Hospital , Xi'an , China
| | - Linzhong Yu
- Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
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10
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INDRASTI DIAS, ANDARWULAN NURI, PURNOMO EKOHARI, WULANDARI NUR. Stability of Chlorophyll as Natural Colorant: A Review for Suji (Dracaena angustifolia (Medik.) Roxb.) Leaves’ Case. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.12944/crnfsj.6.3.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Suji (Dracaena angustifolia (Medik.) Roxb.) leaves are famous chlorophyll source used as food colorant in Indonesia and other south-east Asian countries. Its chlorophyll has unique characteristics which can degrade through enzymatic and non-enzymatic reactions. This article summarizes traditional application of Suji leaves, the characteristics of Suji leaf chlorophyll, postharvest stability, and several ways to retain its green color. Potential development of Suji leaf extract as food colorant or food ingredients are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- DIAS INDRASTI
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16002, Indonesia
| | - NURI ANDARWULAN
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16002, Indonesia
| | - EKO HARI PURNOMO
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16002, Indonesia
| | - NUR WULANDARI
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16002, Indonesia
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11
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Ijaz S, Akhtar N, Khan MS, Hameed A, Irfan M, Arshad MA, Ali S, Asrar M. Plant derived anticancer agents: A green approach towards skin cancers. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:1643-1651. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Ntie-Kang F, Njume LE, Malange YI, Günther S, Sippl W, Yong JN. The Chemistry and Biological Activities of Natural Products from Northern African Plant Families: From Taccaceae to Zygophyllaceae. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2016; 6:63-96. [PMID: 26931529 PMCID: PMC4805656 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-016-0091-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Traditional medicinal practices have a profound influence on the daily lives of people living in developing countries, particularly in Africa, since the populations cannot generally afford the cost of Western medicines. We have undertaken to investigate the correlation between the uses of plants in Traditional African medicine and the biological activities of the derived natural products, with the aim to validate the use of traditional medicine in Northern African communities. The literature is covered for the period 1959-2015 and part III of this review series focuses on plant families with names beginning with letters T to Z. The authors have focused on curating data from journals in natural products and phytomedicine. Within each journal home page, a query search based on country name was conducted. All articles "hits" were then verified, one at a time, that the species was harvested within the Northern African geographical regions. The current data partly constitutes the bases for the development of the Northern African natural compounds database. The review discusses 284 plant-based natural compounds from 34 species and 11 families. It was observed that the ethnobotanical uses of less than 40 % of the plant species surveyed correlated with the bioactivities of compounds identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidele Ntie-Kang
- />Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- />Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Leonel E. Njume
- />Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Yvette I. Malange
- />Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Stefan Günther
- />Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Research Group Pharmaceutical Bioinformatics, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 9, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- />Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Joseph N. Yong
- />Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
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Luo Y, Shen HY, Zuo WJ, Wang H, Mei WL, Dai HF. A new steroidal saponin from dragon's blood of Dracaena cambodiana. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2014; 17:409-414. [PMID: 25523446 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2014.967229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical study on dragon's blood of Dracaena cambodiana led to a new steroidal saponin, cambodianoside G(1), and six known ones (2-7). The structure of the new compound was elucidated on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis. Evaluation of antibacterial activities showed that compound 7 exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Luo
- a Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences , Haikou 571101 , China
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14
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Zhang H, Su YF, Yang FY, Zhao ZQ, Gao XM. Six New Steroidal Saponins fromHelleborus thibetanus. Helv Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201400080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Tang L, Wang Z, Wu H, Yokosuka A, Mimaki Y. Steroidal glycosides from the underground parts of Dracaena thalioides and their cytotoxic activity. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2014; 107:102-110. [PMID: 25152452 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Six spirostanol glycosides (1-6) and 12 known compounds (7-18) were isolated from the underground parts of Dracaena thalioides (Agavaceae). Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis, including 2D NMR spectroscopic data, and chemical transformations. The isolated compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against HL-60 human leukemia cells. Compounds 1, 3-6, and 8-18 showed cytotoxicity against HL-60 cells, of which 10, a bisdesmosidic spirostanol derivative, showed potent cytotoxicity against HL-60 cells with an IC50 value of 0.38μM and induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Tang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing 100700, China; Department of Medicinal Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Zhuju Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Hongwei Wu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Akihito Yokosuka
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Mimaki
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
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Norkowska M, Myszka H, Cyman M, Grzywacz D, Trzybiński D, Sikorski A, Liberek B. 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-Acetyl-D-Gluconic Acid: Crystal Structure and Application in the Synthesis of N-(D-gluconyl) Derivatives of D-Glucosamine. J Carbohydr Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2013.872790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Norkowska
- a Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, PL-80-308 Gdańsk , Poland
| | - Henryk Myszka
- a Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, PL-80-308 Gdańsk , Poland
| | - Magdalena Cyman
- a Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, PL-80-308 Gdańsk , Poland
| | - Daria Grzywacz
- a Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, PL-80-308 Gdańsk , Poland
| | - Damian Trzybiński
- a Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, PL-80-308 Gdańsk , Poland
| | - Artur Sikorski
- a Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, PL-80-308 Gdańsk , Poland
| | - Beata Liberek
- a Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, PL-80-308 Gdańsk , Poland
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Vázquez-Castilla S, Jaramillo-Carmona S, Fuentes-Alventosa JM, Jiménez-Araujo A, Rodríguez-Arcos R, Cermeño-Sacristán P, Espejo-Calvo JA, Guillén-Bejarano R. Saponin profile of green asparagus genotypes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:11098-11108. [PMID: 24147420 DOI: 10.1021/jf403343a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The main goal of this study was to determine the saponin profiles of different "triguero" asparagus genotypes and to compare them to green asparagus commercial hybrids. The samples consisted of 31 commercial hybrids and 58 genotypes from the Huétor-Tájar (HT) population variety ("triguero"). The saponin analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry allowed for the determination of 12 saponins derived from a furostan-type steroidal genin, 4 of which had never been described in the edible part of asparagus. The saponin profile of "triguero" asparagus was a combination of these new saponins and protodioscin. Although protodioscin was the major saponin found in commercial hybrids, some of these 12 saponins were detected as major components in some of the commercial hybrids. The total contents of saponins described in some of these HT genotypes reach values as high as 10-100 times higher than those found in commercial hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vázquez-Castilla
- Phytochemicals and Food Quality Group, Food Phytochemistry Department, Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, (CSIC) , 41012 Seville, Spain
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18
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Impact of Ploidy Change on Secondary Metabolites and Photochemical Efficiency in Solanum Bulbocastanum. Nat Prod Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1300801011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are well known for producing a wide diversity of natural compounds and several strategies have been proposed to enhance their production. Among them, somatic chromosome doubling may represent an effective and inexpensive method. The objective of the current study was to investigate the effect of polyploidization on the leaf metabolic profile and content of tetraploids produced from a wild diploid (2n=2x=24) potato species, Solanum bulbocastanum Dun. Photochemical efficiency of tetraploids was also analyzed. Results from HPLC-DAD and LC/MS analyses provided evidence that tetraploid genotypes displayed either a similar or a lower phenylpropanoids, tryptophan, tyrosine and α-chaconine content compared with the diploid parent. Similarly, no significant differences were found among genotypes both for measures of gas and for chlorophyll fluorescence, except for non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). Steroidal saponins content revealed superiority of some tetraploids with respect to the diploid parent, suggesting perturbations in the mechanism regulating the biosynthesis of such compounds following polyploidization. Lack of superiority may be attributed to the time required for adjustment, adaptation and evolution after the genomic shock induced by polyploidization, as well as the fact that an optimum ploidy level for each species may be crucial. Our results suggest that polyploidization as a strategy to enhance metabolite production cannot be generalized.
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Huang HC, Lin MK, Hwang SY, Hwang TL, Kuo YH, Chang CI, Ou CY, Kuo YH. Two anti-inflammatory steroidal saponins from Dracaena angustifolia Roxb. Molecules 2013; 18:8752-63. [PMID: 23887717 PMCID: PMC6270147 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18088752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Two new steroidal saponins, named drangustosides A–B (1–2), together with eight known compounds 3–10 were isolated and characterized from the MeOH extract of Dracaena angustifolia Roxb. The structures of compounds were assigned based on 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analyses, including HMQC, HMBC, and NOESY. Compounds 1 and 2 showed anti-inflammatory activity by superoxide generation and elastase release by human neutrophils in response to fMLP/CB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chi Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Kuem Lin
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Syh-Yuan Hwang
- Endemic Species Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Nantou 552, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Haur Kuo
- Division of Herbal Drugs and Natural Products, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei 211, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chi-I Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Ou
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Tsuzuki Institute for Traditional Medicine, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +886-4-2205-3366 (ext. 5701)
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20
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Vázquez-Castilla S, Jaramillo-Carmona S, Fuentes-Alventosa JM, Jiménez-Araujo A, Rodriguez-Arcos R, Cermeño-Sacristán P, Espejo-Calvo JA, Guillén-Bejarano R. Optimization of a method for the profiling and quantification of saponins in different green asparagus genotypes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:6250-6258. [PMID: 23697538 DOI: 10.1021/jf401462w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The main goal of this study was the optimization of a HPLC-MS method for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of asparagus saponins. The method includes extraction with aqueous ethanol, cleanup by solid phase extraction, separation by reverse phase chromatography, electrospray ionization, and detection in a single quadrupole mass analyzer. The method was used for the comparison of selected genotypes of Huétor-Tájar asparagus landrace and selected varieties of commercial diploid hybrids of green asparagus. The results showed that while protodioscin was almost the only saponin detected in the commercial hybrids, eight different saponins were detected in the Huétor-Tájar asparagus genotypes. The mass spectra indicated that HT saponins are derived from a furostan type steroidal genin having a single bond between carbons 5 and 6 of the B ring. The total concentration of saponins was found to be higher in triguero asparagus than in commercial hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vázquez-Castilla
- Phytochemicals and Food Quality Group, Food Biotechnology Department, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Seville, Spain
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21
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Differently N-protected 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-amino-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranosyl chlorides and their application in the synthesis of diosgenyl 2-amino-2-deoxy-β-d-glucopyranoside. Carbohydr Res 2013; 367:10-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Li N, Wu CF, Xu XY, Liu ZY, Li X, Zhao YQ. Triterpenes possessing an unprecedented skeleton isolated from hydrolyzate of total saponins from Gynostemma pentaphyllum. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 50:173-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Liu YP, Cai XH, Feng T, Li Y, Li XN, Luo XD. Triterpene and sterol derivatives from the roots of Breynia fruticosa. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:1161-1168. [PMID: 21428418 DOI: 10.1021/np2000914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A new nor-ceanothane-type triterpenoid, breynceanothanolic acid (1), and seven novel 4α-methyl sterols, fruticosides A-G (2-8), were obtained from the roots of Breynia fruticosa. The new compound structures were established by means of extensive spectroscopic and chemical methods. Compounds 7 and 8 are sulfur-containing derivatives of the 4α-methyl sterols, and the sugar moiety of compounds 4, 5, 7, and 8 (L-quinovose) is uncommon in plants. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against five human cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, People's Republic of China
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas J. Forsman
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20500 Åbo, Finland
| | - Reko Leino
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20500 Åbo, Finland
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25
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Zhao JM, Li N, Zhang H, Wu CF, Piao HR, Zhao YQ. Novel dammarane-type sapogenins from Panax ginseng berry and their biological activities. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:1027-31. [PMID: 21216145 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Revised: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Three new dammarane-type sapogenins (1, 3, and 5) together with two known ones (2 and 4) were isolated from the total hydrolyzed saponins extracted from Panax ginseng berry. Their structures were elucidated using a combination of 1D and 2D (1)H and (13)C NMR spectra and mass spectroscopy as 20(R)-25-methoxyl-dammarane-3β,12β,20-triol (1), 20(R)-25-methoxyl-dammarane-3β,6α,12β,20-tetrol (2), 20(R)-20-methoxyl-dammarane-3β,12β,25-triol (3), 20(R)-20,25-dimethoxyl-dammarane-3β,12β-diol (4), and (12R,20S,24S)-20,24-; 12,24-diepoxy-dammarane-3β-ol (5). Their antitumor activities were evaluated in six human cancer cell lines. The novel compounds 1 and 3 showed significant cytotoxic activity against the six cell lines. The IC(50) values of 3 against HepG2, Colon205, and HL-60 were the lowest (8.78, 8.64, and 3.98 μM, respectively). Compounds 1 and 20(S)-25-OCH(3)-PPD, which are a pair of configuration isomers, showed a 10- to 100-fold greater growth inhibition than ginsenoside-Rg(3) (an anti-cancer clinical agent in China). The data presented here may be useful for the development of novel anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University College of Pharmacy, Yanji, People's Republic of China
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26
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Efficient synthesis of trisaccharide saponins and their tumor cell killing effects through oncotic necrosis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:622-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Revised: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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27
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Nohara T, Ono M, Ikeda T, Fujiwara Y, El-Aasr M. The tomato saponin, esculeoside A. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2010; 73:1734-1741. [PMID: 20853874 DOI: 10.1021/np100311t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Esculeoside A (2), a spirosolane steroidal glycoside, is a major constituent isolated from Solanum lycopersicum, a commercial strain of mini tomatoes. The content variability of esculeoside A (2) was examined in mini, midi, and Momotaro tomatoes and various processed tomato products. In the green immature tomato fruit, tomatine (1) is oxidized at C-23 and C-27 to produce esculeoside A (2) in the ripe fruit. Further, esculeoside A (2) is partly converted to 3β-hydroxy-5α-pregn-16-en-20-one 3-O-β-lycotetraoside (6), a pregnane glycoside, in the overripe fruit. Esculeogenin A (3), the sapogenol of 2, is easily converted into 3β,16β-dihydroxy-5α-pregn-20-one (17). Metabolic studies showed excretion of androstane derivatives in the urine of human volunteer subjects after tomato consumption. Esculeogenin A (3) inhibited the accumulation of cholesterol esters in macrophages through its effects on acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyl transferase (ACAT). Oral administration of esculeoside A (2) to apoE-deficient mice significantly reduced serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-cholesterol and ameliorated the severity of atherosclerotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Nohara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 22-1, 4-Chome, Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan.
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28
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Min X, Ying-Jun Z, Xing-Cong L, Jacob MR, Chong-Ren Y. Steroidal saponins from fresh stems of Dracaena angustifolia. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2010; 73:1524-8. [PMID: 20718450 PMCID: PMC2995016 DOI: 10.1021/np100351p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Six new steroidal saponins (1-6), angudracanosides A-F, were isolated from fresh stems of Dracaena angustifolia, together with eight known compounds. The structures of compounds 1-6 were determined by detailed spectroscopic analyses and chemical methods. Antifungal testing of all compounds showed that 6 and 7 were active against Cryptococcus neoformans with IC(50)s of 9.5 and 20.0 μg/mL, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhang Ying-Jun
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: +86-871-522-3235. Fax: +86-871-515-0124.
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29
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Content variations of the tomato saponin esculeoside A in various processed tomatoes. J Nat Med 2010; 65:176-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-010-0443-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Accepted: 06/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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30
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Chemical study and medical application of saponins as anti-cancer agents. Fitoterapia 2010; 81:703-14. [PMID: 20550961 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2010.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Revised: 05/28/2010] [Accepted: 06/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Saponins are a group of naturally occurring plant glycosides, characterized by their strong foam-forming properties in aqueous solution. The presence of saponins has been reported in more than 100 families of plants out of which at least 150 kinds of natural saponins have been found to possess significant anti-cancer properties. There are more than 11 distinguished classes of saponins including dammaranes, tirucallanes, lupanes, hopanes, oleananes, taraxasteranes, ursanes, cycloartanes, lanostanes, cucurbitanes and steroids. Due to the great variability of their structures, saponins always display anti-tumorigenic effects through varieties of antitumor pathways. In addition, there are a large amount of saponins that still either remain to be trapped or studied in details by the medicinal chemists. This article reviews many such structures and their related chemistry along with the recent advances in understanding mechanism of action and structure-function relationships of saponins at the molecular and cellular levels. These aglycones have been described and their classification and distribution have been listed in the review. Some special saponins with strong antitumor effects have also been exhibited. Ginsenosides, belonging to dammaranes, have been found beneficial targeted on inhibition of tumor angiogenesis by suppressing its inducer in the endothelial cells of blood vessels, and then on prevention of adhering, invasion, and metastasis of tumor cells. Dioscin, one of the steroidal saponins, and its aglycone diosgenin also have been extensively studied on its antitumor effect by cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Other important molecules discussed include oleanane saponins such as avicins, platycodons, saikosaponins, and soysaponins along with tubeimosides.
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31
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Jia L, Zhao Y, Liang XJ. Current evaluation of the millennium phytomedicine- ginseng (II): Collected chemical entities, modern pharmacology, and clinical applications emanated from traditional Chinese medicine. Curr Med Chem 2010; 16:2924-42. [PMID: 19689273 DOI: 10.2174/092986709788803204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This review, a sequel to part 1 in the series, collects about 107 chemical entities separated from the roots, leaves and flower buds of Panax ginseng, quinquefolius and notoginseng, and categorizes these entities into about 18 groups based on their structural similarity. The bioactivities of these chemical entities are described. The 'Yin and Yang' theory and the fundamentals of the 'five elements' applied to the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are concisely introduced to help readers understand how ginseng balances the dynamic equilibrium of human physiological processes from the TCM perspectives. This paper concerns the observation and experimental investigation of biological activities of ginseng used in the TCM of past and present cultures. The current biological findings of ginseng and its medical applications are narrated and critically discussed, including 1) its antihyperglycemic effect that may benefit type II diabetics; in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated protection of ginseng on beta-cells and obese diabetic mouse models. The related clinical trial results are stated. 2) its aphrodisiac effect and cardiovascular effect that partially attribute to ginseng's bioactivity on nitric oxide (NO); 3) its cognitive effect and neuropharmacological effect that are intensively tested in various rat models using purified ginsenosides and show a hope to treat Parkinson's disease (PD); 4) its uses as an adjuvant or immunotherapeutic agent to enhance immune activity, appetite and life quality of cancer patients during their chemotherapy and radiation. Although the apoptotic effect of ginsenosides, especially Rh2, Rg3 and Compound K, on various tumor cells has been shown via different pathways, their clinical effectiveness remains to be tested. This paper also updates the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and immune-stimulatory activities of ginseng, its ingredients and commercial products, as well as common side effects of ginseng mainly due to its overdose, and its pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Jia
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, National Cancer Institute/ NIH, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
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32
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Xu M, Yang CR, Zhang YJ. New C27Steroidal Bisdesmosides from the Fresh Stems ofDracaena cambodiana. Helv Chim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200900157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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33
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Perrone A, Muzashvili T, Napolitano A, Skhirtladze A, Kemertelidze E, Pizza C, Piacente S. Steroidal glycosides from the leaves of Ruscus colchicus: isolation and structural elucidation based on a preliminary liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry profiling. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2009; 70:2078-2088. [PMID: 19772977 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Revised: 08/19/2009] [Accepted: 08/20/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
An HPLC-ESIMS(n) method, based on high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray positive ionisation multistage ion trap mass spectrometry, has been used as an effective tool to rapidly identify and guide the isolation of target saponins from the ethanol extract of the leaves of Ruscus colchicus Y. Yeo. Twenty-two steroidal glycosides, including seventeen furostanol, four spirostanol and one cholestane glycosides, were online identified. Subsequently, compounds were isolated and their structures were established by the extensive use of 1D- and 2D-NMR experiments. The structures identified by MS were fully consistent with those elucidated by NMR data. Sixteen steroidal glycosides, including thirteen furostanol, two spirostanol and one cholestane glycosides, were identified along with four known furostanol and two spirostanol glycosides. The saponin profile shows that the furostanol glycosides are the main constituents of R. colchicus extract, unlike the other Ruscus species, for which the spirostanol derivatives generally are reported as the major compounds. Moreover, for the first time a cholestane glycoside has been isolated from R. colchicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Perrone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, I-84084 Fisciano, Italy
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Van Minh C, Dat NT, Dang NH, Nam NH, Ban NK, Van Tuyen N, Huong LM, Huong TT, Van Kiem P. Unusual 22S-spirostane Steroids from Dracaena cambodiana. Nat Prod Commun 2009. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0900400908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
From the methanol extract of Dracaena cambodiana roots two unusual 22S-spirostane steroids (1β,3β,14α,20R,22S,25R)-spirost-5-ene-1,3, 14-triol (1) and (1β,3β,14α,15α,20R,22S,25R)-spirost-5-ene-tetrol (2) have been isolated, together with a known 22R-spirostane compound, namogenin B (3). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and spectrometric methods, including HRMS and extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. Compound 1 showed significant antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Fusarium oxysporum, with MIC values of 45.0, 25.0 and 50.0 μg/mL, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chau Van Minh
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Tien Dat
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Hai Dang
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Hoai Nam
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ninh Khac Ban
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, VAST, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Le Mai Huong
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tran Thu Huong
- Hanoi University of Technology, 1 Dai Co Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Phan Van Kiem
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi, Vietnam
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- N P Sahu
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India.
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36
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Zhu Y, Zhang P, Yu H, Li J, Wang MW, Zhao W. Anti-Helicobacter pylori and thrombin inhibitory components from Chinese dragon's blood, Dracaena cochinchinensis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2007; 70:1570-7. [PMID: 17883259 DOI: 10.1021/np070260v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Chemical studies on the constituents of Dracaena cochinchinensis led to the discovery of eight new flavonoid derivatives ( 1- 8) along with 14 known compounds ( 9- 22). The identification and structural elucidation of these isolates were based on spectral analyses. All isolates were tested for antibacterial activities against Helicobacter pylori (ATCC43504) and thrombin inhibitory effects. As a result, new flavonoid derivatives 6 and 7 and (2 S)-4',7-dihydroxy-8-methylflavan ( 11) were found to be most efficacious against H. pylori (ATCC43504) with MIC values of 29.5, 29.5, and 31.3 microM, respectively, and the seven new flavonoid derivatives ( 1- 7) and one known biflavonoid ( 9) were observed to exhibit moderate thrombin inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingdong Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Plants belonging to the family Agavaceae are used in folkloric medicinal practices worldwide and chemical investigations of these plants have shown that they are an abundant source of steroidal saponins and sapogenins. Despite the large number of secondary metabolites isolated from this family so far, there have been few reports on the bioactivity of these compounds. This article provides a comprehensive review of the steroidal constituents of plants from the genera Agave, Cordyline, Dracaena, Furcraea, Nolina, Sansevieria and Yucca up to June 2006, and reports on the bioactivity of these compounds where available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne L. Simmons-Boyce
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, P.O. Box 64, Bridgetown, Barbados, West Indies
- Institute for Marine Biosciences, National Research Council, 1411 Oxford St., Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 3Z1
| | - Winston F. Tinto
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, P.O. Box 64, Bridgetown, Barbados, West Indies
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38
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Nohara T, Ikeda T, Fujiwara Y, Matsushita S, Noguchi E, Yoshimitsu H, Ono M. Physiological functions of solanaceous and tomato steroidal glycosides. J Nat Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-006-0021-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Zheng QA, Li HZ, Zhang YJ, Yang CR. Dracaenogenins A and B, new spirostanols from the red resin of Dracaena cochinchinensis. Steroids 2006; 71:160-4. [PMID: 16271273 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2005.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2005] [Revised: 09/13/2005] [Accepted: 09/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A 12(13-->14)abeospirostanol dracaenogenin A (1) and a spirostanol dracaenogenin B (2) were isolated from Chinese dragon's blood, the red resin of Dracaena cochinchinensis (Agavaceae). Their structures were established as (14S,25R)12(13-->14)abeospirosta-5,13(18)-diene-1beta,3beta,15alpha-triol (1) and (25R) spirost-5-ene-1beta,3beta,14alpha,15alpha-tetrol (2) by means of spectroscopic analysis, especially by 2D NMR spectra, and X-ray crystallographic analysis. Dracaenogenin A (1) is the first example of a 12(13-->14)abeospirostane spirostanoid found in nature. Its biogenesis from ruscogenin (3) through namogenin (4) and 2 was tentatively proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-An Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resource in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, PR China
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Noguchi E, Fujiwara Y, Matsushita S, Ikeda T, Ono M, Nohara T. Metabolism of Tomato Steroidal Glycosides in Humans. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2006; 54:1312-4. [PMID: 16946542 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.54.1312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pregnane glycosides have been isolated in small amounts, along with the major components furostanol and spirostanol glycosides, from Dioscoreaceae, Taccaceae, and Solanaceae, suggesting that pregnane glycosides might be biosynthesized from furostanol and spirostanol glycosides. Recently, commercial natural foods composed of diosgenin have been used for the treatment of diseases such as osteoporosis and premenstrual syndrome in women. It is anticipated that diosgenin would be metabolized into a type of steroidal hormone, for instance progesterone, however, this metabolism has not been confirmed. Therefore, we have examined the metabolites in the urine of subjects who ingested tomatoes, which contain a considerable amount of the steroidal glycoside esculeoside A. The occurrence of steroidal hormones in the metabolites has been recognized. It has been proven that when a steroidal glycoside is administered, it is partly metabolized into a type of steroidal hormone exhibiting various physiological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eishin Noguchi
- Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
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Lacaille-Dubois MA. Bioactive saponins with cancer related and immunomodulatory activity: Recent developments. BIOACTIVE NATURAL PRODUCTS (PART L) 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(05)80057-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Sparg SG, Light ME, van Staden J. Biological activities and distribution of plant saponins. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2004; 94:219-43. [PMID: 15325725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 691] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2004] [Revised: 05/28/2004] [Accepted: 05/29/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plant saponins are widely distributed amongst plants and have a wide range of biological properties. The more recent investigations and findings into their biological activities were summarized. Isolation studies of saponins were examined to determine which are the more commonly studied plant families and in which families saponins have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Sparg
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
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Zheng QA, Zhang YJ, Li HZ, Yang CR. Steroidal saponins from fresh stem of Dracaena cochinchinensis. Steroids 2004; 69:111-9. [PMID: 15013689 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2003.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2003] [Accepted: 11/21/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A further phytochemical investigation on the fresh stem of Dracaena cochinchinensis yielded 18 steroidal saponins. Fourteen of which are new compounds, designated as 25(R,S)-dracaenosides E-H, M, O-Q, dracaenosides I-L, R, and 25(S)-dracaenoside N. Their structures were determined by detailed spectroscopic analysis, including extensive 1D and 2D NMR data, and the result of hydrolytic reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-An Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, PR China
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