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Pecio Ł, Pecio S, Mroczek T, Oleszek W. Spiro-Flavonoids in Nature: A Critical Review of Structural Diversity and Bioactivity. Molecules 2023; 28:5420. [PMID: 37513292 PMCID: PMC10385819 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on the literature data from 1973 to 2022, this work summarizes reports on spiro-flavonoids with a spiro-carbon at the center of their structure and how this affects their isolation methods, stereochemistry, and biological activity. The review collects 65 unique structures, including spiro-biflavonoids, spiro-triflavonoids, spiro-tetraflavonoids, spiro-flavostilbenoids, and scillascillin-type homoisoflavonoids. Scillascillin-type homoisoflavonoids comprise spiro[bicyclo[4.2.0]octane-7,3'-chromane]-1(6),2,4-trien-4'-one, while the other spiro-flavonoids contain either 2H,2'H-3,3'-spirobi[benzofuran]-2-one or 2'H,3H-2,3'-spirobi[benzofuran]-3-one in the core of their structures. Spiro-flavonoids have been described in more than 40 species of eight families, including Asparagaceae, Cistaceae, Cupressaceae, Fabaceae, Pentaphylacaceae, Pinaceae, Thymelaeaceae, and Vitaceae. The possible biosynthetic pathways for each group of spiro-flavonoids are summarized in detail. Anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities are the most important biological activities of spiro-flavonoids, both in vitro and in vivo. Our work identifies the most promising natural sources, the existing challenges in assigning the stereochemistry of these compounds, and future research perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Pecio
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation-State Research Institute, 8 Czartoryskich Street, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Products, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Solomiia Pecio
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation-State Research Institute, 8 Czartoryskich Street, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Tomasz Mroczek
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Products, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wiesław Oleszek
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation-State Research Institute, 8 Czartoryskich Street, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
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Sihra JK, Langat MK, Crouch NR, Nuzillard JM, Plainchont B, Mulholland DA. Novel triterpenoid derivatives from Eucomis bicolor Bak. (Hyacinthaceae: Hyacinthoideae). RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra28584h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The bulbs of Eucomis bicolor (Hyacinthoideae) yielded fourteen novel compounds, including (17S)-3-oxo-24,25,26,27,28-pentanorlanost-8-en-23,17α-olide, whose structure was determined using the Logic for Structure Determination Program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspreet K. Sihra
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences
- University of Surrey
- Guildford
- UK
| | - Moses K. Langat
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences
- University of Surrey
- Guildford
- UK
| | - Neil R. Crouch
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban
- South Africa
- Biodiversity Economy Unit
| | - Jean-Marc Nuzillard
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims
- CNRS UMR 7312
- SFR CAP-Santé
- 51687 Reims Cedex 02
| | - Bertrand Plainchont
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims
- CNRS UMR 7312
- SFR CAP-Santé
- 51687 Reims Cedex 02
| | - Dulcie A. Mulholland
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences
- University of Surrey
- Guildford
- UK
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Sihra JK, Thumser AE, Langat MK, Crouch NR, Mulholland DA. Constituents of Bulbs of three Species of the Hyacinthaceae (Hyacinthoideae): Eucomis vandermerwei, E. zambesiaca and Resnova humifusa. Nat Prod Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1501000718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytochemical analyses of the bulbs of Eucomis vandermerwei and E. zambesiaca yielded homoisoflavonoids and triterpenoid derivatives. A new (17 S*,23 S*)-epoxy-3β,15β,29-trihydroxy-27-norlanost-8-en-24-one) was isolated from E. zambesiaca. Resnova humifusa yielded homoisoflavonoids, and a tetrahydropyran derivative, 2-methyl-3-(4 S*,5 R*,7 S*-trihydroxy-8 S*-hydroxymethyltetrahydro-6H-4-pyranyl)-2-propenoic acid. All compounds were assayed for COX-2 inhibition of cyclooxygenase; 3,5,7-trihydroxy-3-(4′-methoxybenzyl)-4-chromanone was found to have significant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspreet K. Sihra
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Alfred E. Thumser
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Moses K. Langat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa
| | - Neil R. Crouch
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa
- Ethnobotnany Unit, National Botanical Institute, P.O. Box 52099, Berea Road, Durban, South Africa
| | - Dulcie A. Mulholland
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa
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Mulholland DA, Schwikkard SL, Crouch NR. The chemistry and biological activity of the Hyacinthaceae. Nat Prod Rep 2013; 30:1165-210. [PMID: 23892453 DOI: 10.1039/c3np70008a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Hyacinthaceae (sensu APGII), with approximately 900 species in about 70 genera, can be divided into three main subfamilies, the Hyacinthoideae, the Urgineoideae and the Ornithogaloideae, with a small fourth subfamily the Oziroëoideae, restricted to South America. The plants included in this family have long been used in traditional medicine for a wide range of medicinal applications. This, together with some significant toxicity to livestock has led to the chemical composition of many of the species being investigated. The compounds found are, for the most part, subfamily-restricted, with homoisoflavanones and spirocyclic nortriterpenoids characterising the Hyacinthoideae, bufadienolides characterising the Urgineoideae, and cardenolides and steroidal glycosides characterising the Ornithogaloideae. The phytochemical profiles of 38 genera of the Hyacinthaceae will be discussed as well as any biological activity associated with both crude extracts and compounds isolated. The Hyacinthaceae of southern Africa were last reviewed in 2000 (T. S. Pohl, N. R. Crouch and D. A. Mulholland, Curr. Org. Chem., 2000, 4, 1287-1324; ref. 1); the current contribution considers the family at a global level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulcie A Mulholland
- Natural Products Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
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Abstract
There is a growing interest in natural plant-based remedies as a source for commercial products. Around 80% of the South African population use traditional medicines to meet their primary health care needs; however, only a few South African medicinal plants have been exploited to their full potential in terms of commercialization. The opportunity for bioprospecting of plant compounds for novel pharmaceuticals remains largely untapped. Certain renowned medicinal plants of international acclaim including buchu and rooibos are currently contributing to local enterprise; however, other exciting opportunities exist for commonly used plants which have not yet reached the international arena. This paper focuses on the key research and development contributions of 10 commercially important medicinal plants of South Africa. Traditional uses, scientific validation, commercialisation developments, as well as both potential opportunities and setbacks are discussed.
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Meng J, Light ME, Kilburn JD, Dixon S. Samarium diiodide mediated intramolecular cyclisation of mixed enone–enoate systems: a simple preparation of spirocyclic ethers. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.12.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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He MH, Yang Q, Sun J. 1β,10α:4β,5α-Diep-oxy-7αH-germacran-6β-ol monohydrate. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2010; 66:o3263. [PMID: 21589547 PMCID: PMC3011483 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536810047732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C(15)H(26)O(3)·H(2)O, a sesquiterpenoid mol-ecule with a germacrene backbone that contains two epoxide groups and one hydroxyl group. Inter-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds between the ep-oxy groups and solvent water mol-ecules give rise to an infinite three-dimensional supra-molecular structure.
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Abstract
This review covers the isolation and structure determination of triterpenoids including squalene derivatives, lanostanes, cycloartanes, dammaranes, euphanes, tirucallanes, tetranortriterpenoids, quassinoids, lupanes, oleananes, friedelanes, uranes, hopanes, isomalabaricanes and saponins. The literature from January to December 2004 is reviewed and 243 references are cited.
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