Sundaicumones A and B, polyprenylated acylphloroglucinol derivatives from Calophyllumsundaicum with weak activity against the glucocorticoid receptor

Caloforines A-G, coumarins from the bark of Calophyllum scriblitifolium

Bioactivity-guided separation of the methanol extract of Calophyllum scriblitifolium bark led to the isolation of five new pyranocoumarins, caloforines A–E (1–5) and two new coumarins, caloforines F and G (6 and 7). Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, and their absolute configurations were investigated by a combination of CD spectroscopy and DFT calculation. Caloforines A–F (1–6) showed moderate antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strain.

The Genus Calophyllum: Review of Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology

The species of genus Calophyllum have been reported for several ethnomedicinal uses in the traditional systems of medicine. The scientific study of the genus Calophyllum revealed that it is a rich source of bioactive secondary metabolites. These phytochemicals have shown a wide range of biological activities. Some of these have reached to the clinical developmental stage. The Calophyllum inophyllum seed oil has been proved to be an acceptable sustainable source of biodiesel. Few species of the genus are endangered and have been included in the red list of threatened species by the IUCN Red List. Owing to the importance of the genus a review of its ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology has been carried out. It will further help to explore the molecular mechanism of phytochemicals for health benefits.

Research Progress of Polycyclic Polyprenylated Acylphloroglucinols

Polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (PPAPs) are a class of hybrid natural products sharing the mevalonate/methylerythritol phosphate and polyketide biosynthetic pathways and showing considerable structure and bioactivity diversity. This review discusses the progress of research into the chemistry and biological activity of 421 natural PPAPs in the past 11 years as well as in-depth studies of biological activities and total synthesis of some PPAPs isolated before 2006. We created an online database of all PPAPs known to date at http://www.chem.uky.edu/research/grossman/PPAPs . Two subclasses of biosynthetically related metabolites, spirocyclic PPAPs with octahydrospiro[cyclohexan-1,5'-indene]-2,4,6-trione core and complicated PPAPs produced by intramolecular [4 + 2] cycloadditions of MPAPs, are brought into the PPAP family. Some PPAPs' relative or absolute configurations are reassigned or critically discussed, and the confusing trivial names in PPAPs investigations are clarified. Pharmacologic studies have revealed a new molecular mechanism whereby hyperforin and its derivatives regulate neurotransmitter levels by activating TRPC6 as well as the antitumor mechanism of garcinol and its analogues. The antineoplastic potential of some type B PPAPs such as oblongifolin C and guttiferone K has increased significantly. As a result of the recent appearances of innovative synthetic methods and strategies, the total syntheses of 22 natural PPAPs including hyperforin, garcinol, and plukenetione A have been accomplished.

Calofolic acids A-F, chromanones from the bark of Calophyllum scriblitifolium with vasorelaxation activity

Vasorelaxation activity guided separation of the methanol extract of Calophyllum scriblitifolium bark led to the isolation of 6 chromanones (calofolic acids A-F, 1-6). Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, and their absolute configurations were investigated by a combination of CD spectroscopy and DFT calculation. All isolated chromanones showed dose-dependent vasorelaxation activity on isolated rat aorta.

Chemical and pharmacological aspects of the genus Calophyllum

The Calophyllum genus (Clusiaceae) is composed of ca. 200 species, with a pantropical distribution. Some species are used as medicinal agents to treat a large number of diseases, including gastric ulcers, infections, pain, tumors, and inflammatory processes, among others. A review of the literature regarding the chemical and biological aspects of these plants indicates cytotoxic activity against several cell lines, inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, antisecretory and cytoprotective properties, antinociceptive, molluscicidal and antimicrobial effects, etc., related particularly to the presence of coumarins, xanthones, flavonoids, and triterpenes. This review, therefore, deals with the chemistry, and pharmacology or biology of the main plants belonging to the genus Calophyllum, with particular emphasis on C. brasiliense, studied by our research group.

Constituents of the Cuban endemic species Calophyllum pinetorum

A new prenylated xanthone, pinetoxanthone (1), and two new pyranochromanones, pinetoric acid I (2) and pinetoric acid II (3), together with 10 known compounds, namely, the triterpenes friedelin and canophyllol, the xanthone macluraxanthone, the pyranochromanone derivatives calophyllic acid, isocalophyllic acid, calolongic acid, apetalic acid, and isoapetalic acid, and the flavonoids amentoflavone and apigenin, were isolated from the stem bark and leaves of Calophyllum pinetorum, an endemic species in Cuba. The structures of 1-3 were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR experiments as well as HRESIMS analysis.