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Zhang Y, Li H, Wang F, Liu C, Reddy GVP, Li H, Li Z, Sun Y, Zhao Z. Discovery of a new highly pathogenic toxin involved in insect sepsis. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0142223. [PMID: 37787562 PMCID: PMC10715044 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01422-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE As a current biocontrol resource, entomopathogenic nematodes and their symbiotic bacterium can produce many toxin factors to trigger insect sepsis, having the potential to promote sustainable pest management. In this study, we found Steinernema feltiae and Xenorhabdus bovienii were highly virulent against the insects. After infective juvenile injection, Galleria mellonella quickly turned black and softened with increasing esterase activity. Simultaneously, X. bovienii attacked hemocytes and released toxic components, resulting in extensive hemolysis and sepsis. Then, we applied high-resolution mass spectrometry-based metabolomics and found multiple substances were upregulated in the host hemolymph. We found extremely hazardous actinomycin D produced via 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid metabolites. Moreover, a combined transcriptomic analysis revealed that gene expression of proteins associated with actinomycin D was upregulated. Our research revealed actinomycin D might be responsible for the infestation activity of X. bovienii, indicating a new direction for exploring the sepsis mechanism and developing novel biotic pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Li
- MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Gadi V. P. Reddy
- Department of Entomology, Lousiana State University, Baton Rouge, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Hu Li
- MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, China Agricultural University, Sanya, China
| | - Zhihong Li
- MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, China Agricultural University, Sanya, China
| | - Yucheng Sun
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zihua Zhao
- MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, China Agricultural University, Sanya, China
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Fodor A, Hess C, Ganas P, Boros Z, Kiss J, Makrai L, Dublecz K, Pál L, Fodor L, Sebestyén A, Klein MG, Tarasco E, Kulkarni MM, McGwire BS, Vellai T, Hess M. Antimicrobial Peptides (AMP) in the Cell-Free Culture Media of Xenorhabdus budapestensis and X. szentirmaii Exert Anti-Protist Activity against Eukaryotic Vertebrate Pathogens including Histomonas meleagridis and Leishmania donovani Species. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1462. [PMID: 37760758 PMCID: PMC10525888 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12091462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-microbial peptides provide a powerful toolkit for combating multidrug resistance. Combating eukaryotic pathogens is complicated because the intracellular drug targets in the eukaryotic pathogen are frequently homologs of cellular structures of vital importance in the host organism. The entomopathogenic bacteria (EPB), symbionts of entomopathogenic-nematode species, release a series of non-ribosomal templated anti-microbial peptides. Some may be potential drug candidates. The ability of an entomopathogenic-nematode/entomopathogenic bacterium symbiotic complex to survive in a given polyxenic milieu is a coevolutionary product. This explains that those gene complexes that are responsible for the biosynthesis of different non-ribosomal templated anti-microbial protective peptides (including those that are potently capable of inactivating the protist mammalian pathogen Leishmania donovanii and the gallinaceous bird pathogen Histomonas meleagridis) are co-regulated. Our approach is based on comparative anti-microbial bioassays of the culture media of the wild-type and regulatory mutant strains. We concluded that Xenorhabdus budapestensis and X. szentirmaii are excellent sources of non-ribosomal templated anti-microbial peptides that are efficient antagonists of the mentioned pathogens. Data on selective cytotoxicity of different cell-free culture media encourage us to forecast that the recently discovered "easy-PACId" research strategy is suitable for constructing entomopathogenic-bacterium (EPB) strains producing and releasing single, harmless, non-ribosomal templated anti-microbial peptides with considerable drug, (probiotic)-candidate potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Fodor
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter. sétány 1C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.B.); (T.V.)
| | - Claudia Hess
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine (Vetmeduni Vienna), 1210 Vienna, Austria; (C.H.); (P.G.)
| | - Petra Ganas
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine (Vetmeduni Vienna), 1210 Vienna, Austria; (C.H.); (P.G.)
| | - Zsófia Boros
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter. sétány 1C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.B.); (T.V.)
- Agribiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Applied Biotechnology, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly utca 1, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary;
| | - János Kiss
- Agribiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Applied Biotechnology, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly utca 1, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary;
| | | | - Károly Dublecz
- Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Georgikon Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE), Deák Ferenc utca 16, H-8360 Keszthely, Hungary; (K.D.); (L.P.)
| | - László Pál
- Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Georgikon Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE), Deák Ferenc utca 16, H-8360 Keszthely, Hungary; (K.D.); (L.P.)
| | - László Fodor
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Anna Sebestyén
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Michael G. Klein
- USDA-ARS & Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, 13416 Claremont Ave, Cleveland, OH 44130, USA;
| | - Eustachio Tarasco
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Manjusha M. Kulkarni
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (M.M.K.); (B.S.M.)
| | - Bradford S. McGwire
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (M.M.K.); (B.S.M.)
| | - Tibor Vellai
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter. sétány 1C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.B.); (T.V.)
| | - Michael Hess
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine (Vetmeduni Vienna), 1210 Vienna, Austria; (C.H.); (P.G.)
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Bag K, Pal AK, Basu S, Singla M, Sarkar B, Chatterji D, Maiti PK, Ghosh A, Jayaraman N. C-4-Modified Isotetrones Prevent Biofilm Growth and Persister Cell Resuscitation in Mycobacterium smegmatis. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:20513-20523. [PMID: 37323400 PMCID: PMC10268289 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hyperphosphorylated nucleotide (p)ppGpp, synthesized by Rel protein, regulates the stringent response pathway responsible for biofilm and persister cell growth in mycobacteria. The discovery of vitamin C as an inhibitor of Rel protein activities raises the prospect of tetrone lactones to prevent such pathways. The closely related isotetrone lactone derivatives are identified herein as inhibitors of the above processes in a mycobacterium. Synthesis and biochemical evaluations show that an isotetrone possessing phenyl substituent at C-4 inhibit the biofilm formation at 400 μg mL-1, 84 h post-exposure, followed by moderate inhibition by the isotetrone possessing the p-hydroxyphenyl substituent. The latter isotetrone inhibits the growth of persister cells at 400 μg mL-1 f.c. when monitored for 2 weeks, under PBS starvation. Isotetrones also potentiate the inhibition of antibiotic-tolerant regrowth of cells by ciprofloxacin (0.75 μg mL-1) and thus act as bioenhancers. Molecular dynamics studies show that isotetrone derivatives bind to the RelMsm protein more efficiently than vitamin C at a binding site possessing serine, threonine, lysine, and arginine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingshuk Bag
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of
Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Aditya Kumar Pal
- Molecular
Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Subhadip Basu
- Department
of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Mamta Singla
- Molecular
Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Biplab Sarkar
- Molecular
Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Dipankar Chatterji
- Molecular
Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Prabal Kumar Maiti
- Department
of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Anirban Ghosh
- Molecular
Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
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XENOFOOD—An Autoclaved Feed Supplement Containing Autoclavable Antimicrobial Peptides—Exerts Anticoccidial GI Activity, and Causes Bursa Enlargement, but Has No Detectable Harmful Effects in Broiler Cockerels despite In Vitro Detectable Cytotoxicity on LHM Cells. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12030458. [PMID: 36986380 PMCID: PMC10059668 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12030458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Entomopathogenic bacteria are obligate symbionts of entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) species. These bacteria biosynthesize and release non-ribosomal-templated hybrid peptides (NR-AMPs), with strong, and large-spectral antimicrobial potential, capable of inactivating pathogens belonging to different prokaryote, and eukaryote taxa. The cell-free conditioned culture media (CFCM) of Xenorhabdus budapestensis and X. szentirmaii efficiently inactivate poultry pathogens like Clostridium, Histomonas, and Eimeria. To learn whether a bio-preparation containing antimicrobial peptides of Xenorhabdus origin with accompanying (in vitro detectable) cytotoxic effects could be considered a safely applicable preventive feed supplement, we conducted a 42-day feeding experiment on freshly hatched broiler cockerels. XENOFOOD (containing autoclaved X. budapestensis, and X. szentirmaii cultures developed on chicken food) were consumed by the birds. The XENOFOOD exerted detectable gastrointestinal (GI) activity (reducing the numbers of the colony-forming Clostridium perfringens units in the lower jejunum. No animal was lost in the experiment. Neither the body weight, growth rate, feed-conversion ratio, nor organ-weight data differed between the control (C) and treated (T) groups, indicating that the XENOFOOD diet did not result in any detectable adverse effects. We suppose that the parameters indicating a moderate enlargement of bursas of Fabricius (average weight, size, and individual bursa/spleen weight-ratios) in the XENOFOOD-fed group must be an indirect indication that the bursa-controlled humoral immune system neutralized the cytotoxic ingredients of the XENOFOOD in the blood, not allowing to reach their critical cytotoxic concentration in the sensitive tissues.
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Fan H, Wei X, Si-Tu MX, Lei YH, Zhou FG, Zhang CX. γ-Aromatic Butenolides of Microbial Source - A Review of Their Structures, Biological Activities and Biosynthesis. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200208. [PMID: 35567462 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
γ-Aromatic butenolides (γ-AB) are an important type of structures found in many bioactive microbial secondary metabolites (SMs). γ-AB refer to a group of natural products (NPs) containing five-membered (unsaturated) lactones with 3-phenyl and 4-benzyl substituents. Their wide-range biological activities have inspired pharmaceutical chemists to explore its biosynthesis mechanisms and design strategies to construct the γ-AB skeleton. Recently, there are a great deal of interesting research progress on the structures, biological activities and biosynthesis of γ-AB. This review will focus on these aspects and summarize the important achievements of γ-AB from 1975 to 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Fan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xia Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Mei-Xia Si-Tu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Hu Lei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Guo Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Cui-Xian Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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Fodor A, Gualtieri M, Zeller M, Tarasco E, Klein MG, Fodor AM, Haynes L, Lengyel K, Forst SA, Furgani GM, Karaffa L, Vellai T. Type Strains of Entomopathogenic Nematode-Symbiotic Bacterium Species, Xenorhabdus szentirmaii (EMC) and X. budapestensis (EMA), Are Exceptional Sources of Non-Ribosomal Templated, Large-Target-Spectral, Thermotolerant-Antimicrobial Peptides (by Both), and Iodinin (by EMC). Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11030342. [PMID: 35335666 PMCID: PMC8950435 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11030342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial multidrug resistance (MDR) is a global challenge, not only for public health, but also for sustainable agriculture. Antibiotics used in humans should be ruled out for use in veterinary or agricultural settings. Applying antimicrobial peptide (AMP) molecules, produced by soil-born organisms for protecting (soil-born) plants, seems a preferable alternative. The natural role of peptide-antimicrobials, produced by the prokaryotic partner of entomopathogenic-nematode/bacterium (EPN/EPB) symbiotic associations, is to sustain monoxenic conditions for the EPB in the gut of the semi-anabiotic infective dauer juvenile (IJ) EPN. They keep pathobiome conditions balanced for the EPN/EPB complex in polyxenic (soil, vanquished insect cadaver) niches. Xenorhabdus szentirmaii DSM16338(T) (EMC), and X. budapestensis DSM16342(T) (EMA), are the respective natural symbionts of EPN species Steinernema rarum and S. bicornutum. We identified and characterized both of these 15 years ago. The functional annotation of the draft genome of EMC revealed 71 genes encoding non-ribosomal peptide synthases, and polyketide synthases. The large spatial Xenorhabdus AMP (fabclavine), was discovered in EMA, and its biosynthetic pathway in EMC. The AMPs produced by EMA and EMC are promising candidates for controlling MDR prokaryotic and eukaryotic pathogens (bacteria, oomycetes, fungi, protozoa). EMC releases large quantity of iodinin (1,6-dihydroxyphenazine 5,10-dioxide) in a water-soluble form into the media, where it condenses to form spectacular water-insoluble, macroscopic crystals. This review evaluates the scientific impact of international research on EMA and EMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Fodor
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.M.F.); (K.L.); or (G.M.F.); or (T.V.)
- Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, Középfasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-(30)-490-9294
| | - Maxime Gualtieri
- Nosopharm, 110 Allée Charles Babbage, Espace Innovation 2, 30000 Nîmes, France;
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA;
| | - Eustachio Tarasco
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy;
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection of CNR, Via Amendola 122/D, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Michael G. Klein
- USDA-ARS & Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, 13416 Claremont Ave, Cleveland, OH 44130, USA;
| | - Andrea M. Fodor
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.M.F.); (K.L.); or (G.M.F.); or (T.V.)
| | - Leroy Haynes
- Department of Chemistry, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH 44691, USA;
| | - Katalin Lengyel
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.M.F.); (K.L.); or (G.M.F.); or (T.V.)
- National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition (NIPN), Zrinyi utca 3, H-1051 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Steven A. Forst
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, P.O. Box 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA;
| | - Ghazala M. Furgani
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.M.F.); (K.L.); or (G.M.F.); or (T.V.)
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tripoli, Tripoli P.O. Box 13793, Libya
| | - Levente Karaffa
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- Institute of Metagenomics, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tibor Vellai
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.M.F.); (K.L.); or (G.M.F.); or (T.V.)
- MTA-ELTE Genetics Research Group, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
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Xu H, Wang L, Zhang L, Liu W, Zhang Q, Zhang H, Zhang C, Zhang W. Configurational Assignment of Malfilamentoside A and a New Furanone Glycoside Malfilamentoside D. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202110038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Chacón-Orozco JG, Bueno CJ, Shapiro-Ilan DI, Hazir S, Leite LG, Harakava R. Antifungal activity of Xenorhabdus spp. and Photorhabdus spp. against the soybean pathogenic Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20649. [PMID: 33244079 PMCID: PMC7691503 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77472-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungus, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, causes white mold disease and infects a broad spectrum of host plants (> 500), including soybean with yield losses of up to 70%. Biological control is a potential alternative for management of this severe plant pathogen, and relative to chemical fungicides, provides broad benefits to the environment, farmers and consumers. The symbiotic bacteria of entomopathogenic nematodes, Xenorhabdus spp. and Photorhabdus spp., are characterized by the production of antimicrobial compounds, which could serve as potential sources for new bio-fungicides. The objectives of this study were to assess cell-free supernatants (CFS) of 16 strains of these bacteria cultures on S. sclerotiorum mycelium growth; assess the volatiles of X. szentirmaii cultures on the fungus mycelium and sclerotium inhibition; and evaluate the X. szentirmaii cultures as well as their CFS on the protection of soybean seeds against the white mold disease. Among the 16 strains, the CFS of X. szentirmaii showed the highest fungicidal effect on growth of S. sclerotiorum. The CFS of X. szentirmaii inhibited > 98% of fungus growth from mycelium and sclerotia, whereas the volatiles generated by the bacterium culture inhibited to 100% of fungus growth and 100% of sclerotia production. The bacterial culture diluted to 33% in water and coated on soybean seeds inhibited S. sclerotiorum and protected soybean plants, allowing 78.3% of seed germination and 56.6% of plant development. Our findings indicate potential for a safe and novel control method for S. sclerotiorum in soybean. Moreover, this is the first study to indicate that volatile organic compounds from Xenorhabdus spp. can be used in plant disease suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - César Jr Bueno
- Instituto Biológico, APTA, São Paulo, SP, 04014-900, Brazil
| | - David I Shapiro-Ilan
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southeastern Fruit and 14 Tree Nut Research Laboratory, Byron, GA, USA
| | - Selcuk Hazir
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Luís G Leite
- Instituto Biológico, APTA, São Paulo, SP, 04014-900, Brazil.
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Roy B, Das E, Roy A, Mal D. Ni(ii)-Catalyzed vinylic C-H functionalization of 2-acetamido-3-arylacrylates to access isotetronic acids. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:3697-3706. [PMID: 32352469 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00557f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A ligand-free Ni(ii)-catalyzed cascade annulation reaction for the synthesis of 4-aryl-substituted isotetronic acids from 2-acetamido-3-arylacrylates via vinylic C-H functionalization is reported. The reaction proceeds through heteroatom guided electrophilic insertion of nickel to the vinylic double bond followed by annulation with dibromomethane. This unconventional route features cascade steps, sole product formation, multiple functional group tolerance, low cost of catalysts and reagents, and readily available starting materials. Using this method, various aryl-substituted isotetronic acids have been synthesized which are biologically relevant. The annulation of 2-acetamido-3-arylacrylates has also been assessed with 1,2-dichloroethane, which resulted in the rearranged annulated products of 5-methyl substituted isotetronic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, India.
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Domergue J, Erdmann D, Fossey-Jouenne A, Petit JL, Debard A, de Berardinis V, Vergne-Vaxelaire C, Zaparucha A. XszenFHal, a novel tryptophan 5-halogenase from Xenorhabdus szentirmaii. AMB Express 2019; 9:175. [PMID: 31673806 PMCID: PMC6823310 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-019-0898-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavin-dependent halogenases (FHals) catalyse the halogenation of electron-rich substrates, mainly aromatics. Halogenated compounds have many applications, as pharmaceutical, agrochemicals or as starting materials for the synthesis of complex molecules. By exploring the sequenced bacterial diversity, we discovered and characterized XszenFHal, a novel FHal from Xenorhabdus szentirmaii, a symbiotic bacterium of entomopathogenic nematode. The substrate scope of XszenFHal was examined and revealed activities towards tryptophan, indole and indole derivatives, leading to the formation of the corresponding 5-chloro products. XszenFHal makes a valuable addition to the panel of flavin-dependent halogenases already discovered and enriches the potential for biotechnology applications by allowing access to 5-halogenated indole derivatives.
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Xu Z, Xiong B, Xu J. Chemical Investigation Of Secondary Metabolites Produced By Mangrove Endophytic Fungus Phyllosticta Capitalensis. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:1561-1565. [PMID: 31441681 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1656624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Chemical investigation of endophytic fungus Phyllosticta capitalensis, isolated from the hypocotyls of the Chinese mangrove Bruguiera sexangula led to the isolation of eight known secondary metabolites, including four meroterpenes guignardone A (1), 12-hydroxylated guignardone A (2), guignardone J (3), guignardone M (4), and four polyketides xenofuranone B (5), 6,8-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-3-methyl-1H-isochromen-1-one (6), regiolone (7), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (8). Their structures were elucidated unambiguously based on the comprehensive spectroscopic analysis and comparison with literature data. This is the first report of these compounds being isolated from this fungal species. All compounds isolated were subjected to antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Xu
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, P. R. China.,Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, P. R. China
| | - Bingxue Xiong
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, P. R. China
| | - Jing Xu
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, P. R. China.,Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, P. R. China
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Shi YM, Bode HB. Chemical language and warfare of bacterial natural products in bacteria-nematode-insect interactions. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 35:309-335. [PMID: 29359226 DOI: 10.1039/c7np00054e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Covering: up to November 2017 Organismic interaction is one of the fundamental principles for survival in any ecosystem. Today, numerous examples show the interaction between microorganisms like bacteria and higher eukaryotes that can be anything between mutualistic to parasitic/pathogenic symbioses. There is also increasing evidence that microorganisms are used by higher eukaryotes not only for the supply of essential factors like vitamins but also as biological weapons to protect themselves or to kill other organisms. Excellent examples for such systems are entomopathogenic nematodes of the genera Heterorhabditis and Steinernema that live in mutualistic symbiosis with bacteria of the genera Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus, respectively. Although these systems have been used successfully in organic farming on an industrial scale, it was only shown during the last 15 years that several different natural products (NPs) produced by the bacteria play key roles in the complex life cycle of the bacterial symbionts, the nematode host and the insect prey that is killed by and provides nutrients for the nematode-bacteria pair. Since the bacteria can switch from mutualistic to pathogenic lifestyle, interacting with two different types of higher eukaryotes, and since the full system with all players can be established in the lab, they are promising model systems to elucidate the natural function of microbial NPs. This review summarizes the current knowledge as well as open questions for NPs from Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus and tries to assign their roles in the tritrophic relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ming Shi
- Merck-Stiftungsprofessur für Molekulare Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Biowissenschaften, Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
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13
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Ariantari NP, Daletos G, Mándi A, Kurtán T, Müller WEG, Lin W, Ancheeva E, Proksch P. Expanding the chemical diversity of an endophytic fungus Bulgaria inquinans, an ascomycete associated with mistletoe, through an OSMAC approach. RSC Adv 2019; 9:25119-25132. [PMID: 35528664 PMCID: PMC9069884 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03678d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An endophytic fungus Bulgaria inquinans (isolate MSp3-1), isolated from mistletoe (Viscum album), was subjected to fermentation on solid Czapek medium. Chromatographic workup of the crude EtOAc extract yielded five new natural products (1–5). Subsequent application of the “One Strain, MAny Compounds” (OSMAC) strategy on this strain by the addition of a mixture of salts (MgSO4, NaNO3 and NaCl) to solid Czapek medium induced the accumulation of nine additional new secondary metabolites (6–13, 16), with most of them (8, 10–12) not detectable in cultures lacking the salt mixture. The structures of the new compounds were established on the basis of the 1D/2D NMR and HRESIMS data. The TDDFT-ECD method was applied to determine the absolute configurations of the new compounds 1, 4 and 6 as well as of the previously reported bulgarialactone B (14), for which the absolute configuration was unknown so far. The modified Mosher's method was performed to assign the absolute configurations of 12 and 13. TDDFT-ECD analysis also allowed determining the absolute configuration of (+)-epicocconone, which had an enantiomeric absolute configuration in the tricyclic moiety compared to that of bulgarialactone B (14). All the isolated metabolites were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity. Compound 2 was found to possess strong cytotoxic activity against the murine lymphoma cell line L5178Y with an IC50 value of 1.8 μM, while the remaining metabolites were shown to be inactive. OSMAC approach on endophytic Bulgaria inquinans by addition of a mixture of salts (MgSO4, NaNO3 and NaCl) to solid Czapek medium induced the accumulation of new secondary metabolites.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni P. Ariantari
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf
- 40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
- Department of Pharmacy
| | - Georgios Daletos
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf
- 40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Attila Mándi
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Debrecen
- 4002 Debrecen
- Hungary
| | - Tibor Kurtán
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Debrecen
- 4002 Debrecen
- Hungary
| | - Werner E. G. Müller
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Wenhan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- Peking University
- 100191 Beijing
- China
| | - Elena Ancheeva
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf
- 40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Peter Proksch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf
- 40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
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14
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Phenylisotertronic acids from the TCM endophytic fungus Phyllosticta sp. Fitoterapia 2017; 124:86-91. [PMID: 29074225 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Four new phenylisotertronic acids (1a/1b, 2a, and 3a) were isolated from a TCM endophytic fungal strain Phyllosticta sp. J13-2-12Y obtained from the leaves of Acorus tatarinowii, along with two known ones (2b and 3b). Compounds 1-3 all existed as mixtures of enantiomers, and their corresponding optically pure enantiomers were successfully isolated by chiral HPLC. The structures of isolated compounds were determined by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses and X-ray diffraction. Their absolute configurations were determined by ECD experiments and quantum chemical calculations. In addition, the antimicrobial activities and the cytotoxicities of these three pairs of optically pure enantiomers (1a/1b, 2a/2b, and 3a/3b) had been evaluated.
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15
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Heinrich AK, Hirschmann M, Neubacher N, Bode HB. LuxS-dependent AI-2 production is not involved in global regulation of natural product biosynthesis in Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3471. [PMID: 28663937 PMCID: PMC5488855 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Gram-negative bacteria Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus are known to produce a variety of different natural products (NP). These compounds play different roles since the bacteria live in symbiosis with nematodes and are pathogenic to insect larvae in the soil. Thus, a fine tuned regulatory system controlling NP biosynthesis is indispensable. Global regulators such as Hfq, Lrp, LeuO and HexA have been shown to influence NP production of Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus. Additionally, photopyrones as quorum sensing (QS) signals were demonstrated to be involved in the regulation of NP production in Photorhabdus. In this study, we investigated the role of another possible QS signal, autoinducer-2 (AI-2), in regulation of NP production. The AI-2 synthase (LuxS) is widely distributed within the bacterial kingdom and has a dual role as a part of the activated methyl cycle pathway, as well as being responsible for AI-2 precursor production. We deleted luxS in three different entomopathogenic bacteria and compared NP levels in the mutant strains to the wild type (WT) but observed no difference to the WT strains. Furthermore, the absence of the small regulatory RNA micA, which is encoded directly upstream of luxS, did not influence NP levels. Phenotypic differences between the P. luminescens luxS deletion mutant and an earlier described luxS deficient strain of P. luminescens suggested that two phenotypically different strains have evolved in different laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje K. Heinrich
- Fachbereich Biowissenschaften, Merck Stiftungsprofessur für Molekulare Biotechnologie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Merle Hirschmann
- Fachbereich Biowissenschaften, Merck Stiftungsprofessur für Molekulare Biotechnologie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nick Neubacher
- Fachbereich Biowissenschaften, Merck Stiftungsprofessur für Molekulare Biotechnologie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Helge B. Bode
- Fachbereich Biowissenschaften, Merck Stiftungsprofessur für Molekulare Biotechnologie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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16
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Engel Y, Windhorst C, Lu X, Goodrich-Blair H, Bode HB. The Global Regulators Lrp, LeuO, and HexA Control Secondary Metabolism in Entomopathogenic Bacteria. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:209. [PMID: 28261170 PMCID: PMC5313471 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Photorhabdus luminescens TTO1 and Xenorhabdus nematophila HGB081 are insect pathogenic bacteria and producers of various structurally diverse bioactive natural products. In these entomopathogenic bacteria we investigated the role of the global regulators Lrp, LeuO, and HexA in the production of natural products. Lrp is a general activator of natural product biosynthesis in X. nematophila and for most compounds in TTO1. Microarray analysis confirmed these results in X. nematophila and enabled the identification of additional biosynthesis gene clusters (BGC) regulated by Lrp. Moreover, when promoters of two X. nematophila BGC were analyzed, transcriptional activation by Lrp was observed. In contrast, LeuO in X. nematophila and P. luminescens has both repressing and activating features, depending on the natural product examined. Furthermore, heterologous overexpression of leuO from X. nematophila in the closely related Xenorhabdus szentirmaii resulted in overproduction of several natural products including novel compounds. The presented findings could be of importance for establishing a tool for overproduction of secondary metabolites and subsequent identification of novel compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Engel
- Merck-Stiftungsprofessur Molekulare Biotechnologie, Molekulare Biowissenschaften, Goethe Universität Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Carina Windhorst
- Merck-Stiftungsprofessur Molekulare Biotechnologie, Molekulare Biowissenschaften, Goethe Universität Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Xiaojun Lu
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA
| | - Heidi Goodrich-Blair
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, MadisonWI, USA; Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, KnoxvilleTN, USA
| | - Helge B Bode
- Merck-Stiftungsprofessur Molekulare Biotechnologie, Molekulare Biowissenschaften, Goethe Universität FrankfurtFrankfurt am Main, Germany; Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe Universität FrankfurtFrankfurt am Main, Germany
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17
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Barbier V, Couty F, David OR. Furan-2,3-diones as masked dipoles: synthesis of isotetronic acids and mechanistic considerations. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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18
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Guo F, Li Z, Xu X, Wang K, Shao M, Zhao F, Wang H, Hua H, Pei Y, Bai J. Butenolide derivatives from the plant endophytic fungus Aspergillus terreus. Fitoterapia 2016; 113:44-50. [PMID: 27370101 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Three new butenolides containing 5-hydroxyfuran-2(5H)-one core, asperteretal A (1), asperteretal B (2), and asperteretal C (3), together with seven known butenolides (4-10), were obtained from an endophytic fungus Aspergillus terreus PR-P-2 isolated from the plant Camellia sinensis var. assamica. The structures of compounds 1-3 were elucidated on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis including UV, IR, HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR, and ECD spectra. Compounds 1, 3, 5 and 6-8 showed potent inhibitory effects on NO production in RAW 264.7 lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophages, and compounds 5 and 8 also exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against HL-60 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110016, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Zhanlin Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110016, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Xiangwei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110016, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Kaibo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110016, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Meili Shao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110016, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Feng Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China.
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110016, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Huiming Hua
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110016, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Yuehu Pei
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110016, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Jiao Bai
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110016, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
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19
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Zhou K, Zhu L, Wang X, Zhang T, Wang Y, Dong W, Ji B, Yang H, Du G, Hu Q, Zhou M. Butyrolactones from the Fermentation Products of the Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus versicolor. Chem Nat Compd 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-016-1719-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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20
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Isolation and characterization of dipropyl-, S-propyl ester from Exiguobacterium mexicanum (MSSRF-S9) against larvae of malaria and dengue vectors. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(16)61069-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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21
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Geib E, Gressler M, Viediernikova I, Hillmann F, Jacobsen I, Nietzsche S, Hertweck C, Brock M. A Non-canonical Melanin Biosynthesis Pathway Protects Aspergillus terreus Conidia from Environmental Stress. Cell Chem Biol 2016; 23:587-597. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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22
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Pauly J, Nett M, Hoffmeister D. Ralfuranone Is Produced by an Alternative Aryl-Substituted γ-Lactone Biosynthetic Route in Ralstonia solanacearum. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:1967-1971. [PMID: 25033087 DOI: 10.1021/np500263r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aryl-substituted γ-lactones ralfuranones A and B were isolated after feeding L-[1-(13)C]-phenylalanine to a liquid culture of the plant pathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum. (13)C NMR analysis demonstrated specific enrichment of the label at position 2 of the γ-lactone. This labeling pattern is consistent with a biosynthetic mechanism that includes direct cyclization of two monomeric phenylpyruvate precursors into an α,β-substituted lactone, but incompatible with a terphenylquinone intermediate. As the latter was shown as an intermediate in allantofuranone biosynthesis, we conclude that aryl-substituted γ-lactones can be assembled via divergent biosynthetic routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Pauly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology at the Hans-Knöll-Institute, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität , Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Markus Nett
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans-Knöll-Institute , Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Dirk Hoffmeister
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology at the Hans-Knöll-Institute, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität , Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
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23
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Grundmann F, Kaiser M, Schiell M, Batzer A, Kurz M, Thanwisai A, Chantratita N, Bode HB. Antiparasitic chaiyaphumines from entomopathogenic Xenorhabdus sp. PB61.4. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:779-783. [PMID: 24673206 DOI: 10.1021/np4007525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A new class of four depsipentapeptides called chaiyaphumines A-D (1-4) was isolated from Xenorhabdus sp. PB61.4. Their structures were elucidated by detailed 1D and 2D NMR experiments and by a Marfey's analysis following flash hydrolysis of the peptide. Verification of the structure was achieved by three-dimensional modeling using NOE-derived distance constraints, molecular dynamics, and energy minimization. Chaiyaphumine A (1) showed good activity against Plasmodium falciparum (IC50 of 0.61 μM), the causative agent of malaria, and was active against other protozoal tropical disease causing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Grundmann
- Merck Stiftungsprofessur für Molekulare Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Biowissenschaften, Goethe Universität Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Straße 9 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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24
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Bai ZQ, Lin X, Wang Y, Wang J, Zhou X, Yang B, Liu J, Yang X, Wang Y, Liu Y. New phenyl derivatives from endophytic fungus Aspergillus flavipes AIL8 derived of mangrove plant Acanthus ilicifolius. Fitoterapia 2014; 95:194-202. [PMID: 24704337 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Revised: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Two new aromatic butyrolactones, flavipesins A (1) and B (2), two new natural products (3 and 4), and a known phenyl dioxolanone (5) were isolated from marine-derived endophytic fungus Aspergillus flavipes. The structures of compounds 1-5 were elucidated by 1D- and 2D-NMR and MS analysis, the absolute configurations were assigned by optical rotation and CD data, and the stereochemistry of 1 was determined by X-ray crystallography analysis. 1 demonstrated lower MIC values against Staphylococcus aureus (8.0 μg/mL) and Bacillus subtillis (0.25 μg/mL). 1 also showed the unique antibiofilm activity of penetration through the biofilm matrix and kills live bacteria inside mature S. aureus biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica/RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Xiuping Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica/RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Yizhu Wang
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Junfeng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica/RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica/RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Bin Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica/RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Juan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica/RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Xianwen Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica/RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yonghong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica/RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.
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25
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Citron CA, Dickschat JS. [(2)H26]-1-epi-Cubenol, a completely deuterated natural product from Streptomyces griseus. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:2841-5. [PMID: 24367448 PMCID: PMC3869315 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During growth on fully deuterated medium the volatile terpene [(2)H26]-1-epi-cubenol was released by the actinomycete Streptomyces griseus. This compound represents the first completely deuterated terpene obtained by fermentation. Despite a few previous reports in the literature the operability of this approach to fully deuterated compounds is still surprising, because the strong kinetic isotope effect of deuterium is known to slow down all metabolic processes in living organisms. Potential applications of completely labelled compounds from natural sources in structure elucidation, biosynthetic or pharmacokinetic investigations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian A Citron
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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26
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Zhou Q, Grundmann F, Kaiser M, Schiell M, Gaudriault S, Batzer A, Kurz M, Bode HB. Structure and biosynthesis of xenoamicins from entomopathogenic Xenorhabdus. Chemistry 2013; 19:16772-9. [PMID: 24203528 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
During the search for novel natural products from entomopathogenic Xenorhabdus doucetiae DSM17909 and X. mauleonii DSM17908 novel peptides named xenoamicins were identified in addition to the already known antibiotics xenocoumacin and xenorhabdin. Xenoamicins are acylated tridecadepsipeptides consisting of mainly hydrophobic amino acids. The main derivative xenoamicin A (1) was isolated from X. mauleonii DSM17908, and its structure elucidated by detailed 1D and 2D NMR experiments. Detailed MS experiments, also in combination with labeling experiments, confirmed the determined structure and allowed structure elucidation of additional derivatives. Moreover, the xenoamicin biosynthesis gene cluster was identified and analyzed in X. doucetiae DSM17909, and its participation in xenoamicin biosynthesis was confirmed by mutagenesis. Advanced Marfey's analysis of 1 showed that the absolute configuration of the amino acids is in agreement with the predicted stereochemistry deduced from the nonribosomal peptide synthetase XabABCD. Biological testing revealed activity of 1 against Plasmodium falciparum and other neglected tropical diseases but no antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuqin Zhou
- Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main (Germany)
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27
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Reimer D, Cowles KN, Proschak A, Nollmann FI, Dowling AJ, Kaiser M, ffrench-Constant R, Goodrich-Blair H, Bode HB. Rhabdopeptides as insect-specific virulence factors from entomopathogenic bacteria. Chembiochem 2013; 14:1991-7. [PMID: 24038745 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Six novel linear peptides, named "rhabdopeptides", have been identified in the entomopathogenic bacterium Xenorhabdus nematophila after the discovery of the corresponding rdp gene cluster by using a promoter trap strategy for the detection of insect-inducible genes. The structures of these rhabdopeptides were deduced from labeling experiments combined with detailed MS analysis. Detailed analysis of an rdp mutant revealed that these compounds participate in virulence towards insects and are produced upon bacterial infection of a suitable insect host. Furthermore, two additional rhabdopeptide derivatives produced by Xenorhabdus cabanillasii were isolated, these showed activity against insect hemocytes thereby confirming the virulence of this novel class of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Reimer
- Merck Stiftungsprofessur für Molekulare Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Biowissenschaften, Goethe Universität Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main (Germany)
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Brachmann AO, Bode HB. Identification and bioanalysis of natural products from insect symbionts and pathogens. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 135:123-55. [PMID: 23657492 DOI: 10.1007/10_2013_192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
: With the development of several novel methods in genome sequencing, molecular biology, and analytical chemistry a new area of natural product chemistry is currently starting that allows the analysis of minute amounts of complex biological samples. The combination of these methods, as discussed in this review, also enables the analysis of bacteria living in symbiosis or being pathogenic to insects, which might be the largest reservoir for novel microbes associated with higher organisms due to the huge number of insect species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander O Brachmann
- Merck-Stiftungsprofessur für Molekulare Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Biowissenschaften, Goethe Universität Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Zhou Q, Dowling A, Heide H, Wöhnert J, Brandt U, Baum J, Ffrench-Constant R, Bode HB. Xentrivalpeptides A-Q: depsipeptide diversification in Xenorhabdus. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2012; 75:1717-1722. [PMID: 23025386 DOI: 10.1021/np300279g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Seventeen depsipeptides, xentrivalpeptides A-Q (1-17), have been identified from an entomopathogenic Xenorhabdus sp. Whereas the structure of xentrivalpeptide A (1) was determined after its isolation by NMR spectroscopy and the advanced Marfey's method, the structures of all other derivatives were determined using a combination of stable isotope labeling and detailed MS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuqin Zhou
- Institut für Molekulare Biowissenschaften, Goethe Universität Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Kumar N, Mohandas C, Nambisan B, Kumar DRS, Lankalapalli RS. Isolation of proline-based cyclic dipeptides from Bacillus sp. N strain associated with rhabitid entomopathogenic nematode and its antimicrobial properties. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 29:355-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-012-1189-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Molitor D, Liermann JC, Berkelmann-Löhnertz B, Buckel I, Opatz T, Thines E. Phenguignardic acid and guignardic acid, phytotoxic secondary metabolites from Guignardia bidwellii. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2012; 75:1265-1269. [PMID: 22779915 DOI: 10.1021/np2008945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Bioactivity-guided isolation led to the identification of phenguignardic acid (2), a new phytotoxic secondary metabolite from submerged cultures of grape black rot fungus, Guignardia bidwellii. The compound is structurally related to guignardic acid (1), a dioxolanone moiety-containing metabolite isolated previously from Guignardia species. However, in contrast to guignardic acid, which is presumably synthesized from deamination products of valine and phenylalanine, the biochemical precursor for the biosynthesis of the new phytotoxin appears to be exclusively phenylalanine. Guignardic acid was also found in extracts of cultures from Guignardia bidwellii. The phytotoxic activities of both compounds were assessed in plant assays using either detached vine leaves or intact plants. Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of phenguignardic acid were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Molitor
- Department Environment and Agro-Biotechnologies, Centre de Recherche Public-Gabriel Lippmann , 41 Rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
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Zhu H, Wang L, Ji K, Liu X, Liang Y. Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihalogenated Furan‐2‐(5
H
)‐ones by Electrophilic Cyclization of 4‐Hydroxy‐2‐alkynoates. Chem Asian J 2012; 7:1862-6. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201200137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai‐Tao Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000 (China), Fax: (+86) 931‐8915557
| | - Li‐Jing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000 (China), Fax: (+86) 931‐8915557
| | - Ke‐Gong Ji
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000 (China), Fax: (+86) 931‐8915557
| | - Xue‐Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000 (China), Fax: (+86) 931‐8915557
| | - Yong‐Min Liang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000 (China), Fax: (+86) 931‐8915557
- Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science
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Gu W, Qiao C. Furandiones from an Endophytic Aspergillus terreus Residing in Malus halliana. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2012; 60:1474-7. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c12-00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Gu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University
| | - Chao Qiao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University
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Ohlendorf B, Simon S, Wiese J, Imhoff JF. Szentiamide, an N-formylated Cyclic Depsipeptide from Xenorhabdus szentirmaii DSM 16338 T. Nat Prod Commun 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1100600909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Szentiamide (1) a new cyclic hexadepsipeptide was isolated from the culture broth of the entomopathogenic bacterium Xenorhabdus szentirmaii DSM 16338T. The structure was elucidated by analysis of one- and two-dimensional NMR spectra and high resolution mass spectrometry. The amino acids were determined to be D-leucine, L-threonine, D-phenylalanine, D-valine, L-tyrosine and L-tryptophane after hydrolysis and derivatization with D-FDVA [ Nα-(2,4-dinitro-5-fluorophenyl)-D-valinamide].
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Ohlendorf
- Kieler Wirkstoff-Zentrum (KiWiZ) at the Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences (IFM-GEOMAR), Am Kiel-Kanal 44, D-24106 Kiel, Germany
| | - Sven Simon
- Kieler Wirkstoff-Zentrum (KiWiZ) at the Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences (IFM-GEOMAR), Am Kiel-Kanal 44, D-24106 Kiel, Germany
- Botanical Institute of the Christian-Albrechts-University, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jutta Wiese
- Kieler Wirkstoff-Zentrum (KiWiZ) at the Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences (IFM-GEOMAR), Am Kiel-Kanal 44, D-24106 Kiel, Germany
| | - Johannes F. Imhoff
- Botanical Institute of the Christian-Albrechts-University, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
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Wackler B, Schneider P, Jacobs J, Pauly J, Allen C, Nett M, Hoffmeister D. Ralfuranone Biosynthesis in Ralstonia solanacearum Suggests Functional Divergence in the Quinone Synthetase Family of Enzymes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 18:354-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2011.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Revised: 12/31/2010] [Accepted: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Schüffler A, Liermann JC, Opatz T, Anke T. Elucidation of the Biosynthesis and Degradation of Allantofuranone by Isotopic Labelling and Fermentation of Modified Precursors. Chembiochem 2010; 12:148-54. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201000448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Reimer D, Luxenburger E, Brachmann AO, Bode HB. A new type of pyrrolidine biosynthesis is involved in the late steps of xenocoumacin production in Xenorhabdus nematophila. Chembiochem 2009; 10:1997-2001. [PMID: 19598185 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200900187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Reimer
- Molekulare Biotechnologie, Institut für Molekulare Biowissenschaften, Goethe Universität Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main (Germany)
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Schneider P, Jacobs JM, Neres J, Aldrich CC, Allen C, Nett M, Hoffmeister D. The Global Virulence Regulators VsrAD and PhcA Control Secondary Metabolism in the Plant PathogenRalstonia solanacearum. Chembiochem 2009; 10:2730-2. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200900510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Bode HB. Entomopathogenic bacteria as a source of secondary metabolites. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2009; 13:224-30. [PMID: 19345136 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2008] [Revised: 02/14/2009] [Accepted: 02/20/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Insects are not only the most diverse group of animals on our planet, but also a huge reservoir for unusual microorganism which are a rich source of pharmaceutically interesting natural products. This review focuses on recent advances in the understanding of secondary metabolism of Bacillus thuringiensis, Pseudomonas entomophila, and Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus bacteria all of which are entomopathogenic. Genome-sequencing projects revealed the capacity of these bacteria to produce several different secondary metabolites including peptides, polyketides, and hybrids of both. This richness for interesting compounds is reflected by an increasing number of compounds that have been identified from these bacteria as discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helge B Bode
- Molekulare Biotechnologie, Institut für Molekulare Biowissenschaften, Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Böszörményi E, Ersek T, Fodor A, Fodor AM, Földes LS, Hevesi M, Hogan JS, Katona Z, Klein MG, Kormány A, Pekár S, Szentirmai A, Sztaricskai F, Taylor RAJ. Isolation and activity of Xenorhabdus antimicrobial compounds against the plant pathogens Erwinia amylovora and Phytophthora nicotianae. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 107:746-59. [PMID: 19320949 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04249.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Broad-spectrum antibiotics produced by symbiotic bacteria [entomopathogenic bacterium (EPB)] of entomopathogenic nematodes keep monoxenic conditions in insect cadavers in soil. This study evaluated antibiotics produced by EPB for their potential to control plant pathogenic bacteria and oomycetes. METHODS AND RESULTS Entomopathogenic bacterium produce antibiotics effective against the fire blight bacterium Erwinia amylovora, including streptomycin resistant strains, and were as effective in phytotron experiments as kasugamycin or streptomycin. Xenorhabdus budapestensis and X. szentirmaii antibiotics inhibited colony formation and mycelial growth of Phytophthora nicotianae. From X. budapestensis, an arginine-rich fraction (bicornutin) was adsorbed by Amberlite((R)) XAD 1180, and eluted with methanol : 1 n HCI (99 : 1). Bicornutin inactivated zoospores, and inhibited germination and colony formation of cystospores at <<25 ppm. An UV-active molecule (bicornutin-A, MW = 826), separated by HPLC and thin-layer chromatography, was identified as a novel hexa-peptide : RLRRRX. CONCLUSIONS Xenorhabdus budapestensis produces metabolites with strong antibacterial and cytotoxic activity. Individual compounds can be isolated, identified and patented, but their full antimicrobial potential may be multiplied by synergic interactions. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Active compounds of two new Xenorhabdus species might control plant diseases caused by pathogens of great importance to agriculture such as Erw. amylovora and P. nicotianae.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Böszörményi
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös University, Budapest, Hungary
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A brief tour of myxobacterial secondary metabolism. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:2121-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2008] [Revised: 11/07/2008] [Accepted: 11/11/2008] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Schüffler A, Kautz D, Liermann JC, Opatz T, Anke T. Allantofuranone, a new antifungal antibiotic from Allantophomopsis lycopodina IBWF58B-05A. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2009; 62:119-21. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2008.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Parvatkar RR, D'Souza C, Tripathi A, Naik CG. Aspernolides A and B, butenolides from a marine-derived fungus Aspergillus terreus. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2009; 70:128-132. [PMID: 19081582 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2008] [Revised: 10/21/2008] [Accepted: 10/23/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Two aromatic butenolides, aspernolides A and B along with the known metabolites, butyrolactone I, terrein and physcion were isolated from the fermentation broth of a soft coral derived fungus Aspergillus terreus. The structures of these metabolites were assigned on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis. The absolute stereochemistry of aspernolides A (1) and B (2) was established by their preparation from the known butyrolactone I. Biogenetically aspernolides A and B must be derived from butyrolactone I, a well known specific inhibitor of cyclin dependent kinase (cdk) from A. terreus. When tested, aspernolide A exhibited mild cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh R Parvatkar
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, National Institute of Oceanography, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Dona Paula, Goa 403 004, India.
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Abstract
This review describes secondary metabolites that have been shown to be synthesized by symbiotic bacteria, or for which this possibility has been discussed. It includes 365 references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörn Piel
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
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Waterfield NR, Sanchez-Contreras M, Eleftherianos I, Dowling A, Yang G, Wilkinson P, Parkhill J, Thomson N, Reynolds SE, Bode HB, Dorus S, Ffrench-Constant RH. Rapid Virulence Annotation (RVA): identification of virulence factors using a bacterial genome library and multiple invertebrate hosts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:15967-72. [PMID: 18838673 PMCID: PMC2572985 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0711114105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Current sequence databases now contain numerous whole genome sequences of pathogenic bacteria. However, many of the predicted genes lack any functional annotation. We describe an assumption-free approach, Rapid Virulence Annotation (RVA), for the high-throughput parallel screening of genomic libraries against four different taxa: insects, nematodes, amoeba, and mammalian macrophages. These hosts represent different aspects of both the vertebrate and invertebrate immune system. Here, we apply RVA to the emerging human pathogen Photorhabdus asymbiotica using "gain of toxicity" assays of recombinant Escherichia coli clones. We describe a wealth of potential virulence loci and attribute biological function to several putative genomic islands, which may then be further characterized using conventional molecular techniques. The application of RVA to other pathogen genomes promises to ascribe biological function to otherwise uncharacterized virulence genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R Waterfield
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.
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Joyce SA, Brachmann AO, Glazer I, Lango L, Schwär G, Clarke DJ, Bode HB. Bacterial biosynthesis of a multipotent stilbene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:1942-5. [PMID: 18236486 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200705148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Joyce
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
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48
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Joyce S, Brachmann A, Glazer I, Lango L, Schwär G, Clarke D, Bode H. Biosynthese eines multipotenten bakteriellen Stilbens. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200705148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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49
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Brachmann AO, Joyce SA, Jenke-Kodama H, Schwär G, Clarke DJ, Bode HB. A Type II Polyketide Synthase is Responsible for Anthraquinone Biosynthesis inPhotorhabdus luminescens. Chembiochem 2007; 8:1721-8. [PMID: 17722122 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200700300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Type II polyketide synthases are involved in the biosynthesis of numerous clinically relevant secondary metabolites with potent antibiotic or anticancer activity. Until recently the only known producers of type II PKSs were members of the Gram-positive actimomycetes, well-known producers of secondary metabolites in general. Here we present the second example of a type II PKS from Gram-negative bacteria. We have identified the biosynthesis gene cluster responsible for the production of anthraquinones (AQs) from the entomopathogenic bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens. This is the first example of AQ production in Gram-negative bacteria, and their heptaketide origin was confirmed by feeding experiments. Deletion of a cyclase/aromatase involved in AQ biosynthesis resulted in accumulation of mutactin and dehydromutactin, which have been described as shunt products of typical octaketide compounds from streptomycetes, and a pathway for AQ formation from octaketide intermediates is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander O Brachmann
- Pharmazeutische Biotechnologie, Universität des Saarlandes, Postfach 151150, 66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
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