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Piazzon A, Macone A, Matarese RM, Finamore A, Nardini M. Absorption of aminoethyl cysteine ketimine decarboxylated dimer in mice: effect on plasma antioxidant potential. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:4596-4602. [PMID: 22512471 DOI: 10.1021/jf300510m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Aminoethylcysteine ketimine decarboxylated dimer (AECK-DD) is a natural compound with antioxidant properties of a new family of sulfur-containing amino acids. It has been detected in human urine and plasma, in mammalian cerebellum, and in dietary vegetables. In this study, we first demonstrate the absorption of AECK-DD in mice from AECK-DD-supplemented diet, using both liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. AECK-DD circulates in the plasma of supplemented mice at a micromolar concentration and is incorporated in liver tissue. The absorption of AECK-DD is dose dependent. The dehydrogenation product of AECK-DD was also identified in plasma and liver of mice fed the AECK-DD-supplemented diet. A significant increase in plasma antioxidant potential was measured in mice fed AECK-DD-supplemented diet with respect to mice fed the control diet. These results demonstrate for the first time the absorption of AECK-DD from diet and the physiological relevance of this compound through its antioxidant action in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Piazzon
- National Institute for Food and Nutrition Research, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178, Rome, Italy
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Macone A, Fontana M, Barba M, Botta B, Nardini M, Ghirga F, Calcaterra A, Pecci L, Matarese RM. Antioxidant properties of aminoethylcysteine ketimine decarboxylated dimer: a review. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:3072-84. [PMID: 21686170 PMCID: PMC3116176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12053072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminoethylcysteine ketimine decarboxylated dimer is a natural sulfur-containing compound detected in human plasma and urine, in mammalian brain and in many common edible vegetables. Over the past decade many studies have been undertaken to identify its metabolic role. Attention has been focused on its antioxidant properties and on its reactivity against oxygen and nitrogen reactive species. These properties have been studied in different model systems starting from plasma lipoproteins to specific cellular lines. All these studies report that aminoethylcysteine ketimine decarboxylated dimer is able to interact both with reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, peroxynitrite and its derivatives). Its antioxidant activity is similar to that of Vitamin E while higher than other hydrophilic antioxidants, such as trolox and N-acetylcysteine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Macone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza, University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy; E-Mails: (A.M.); (M.F.); (L.P.)
| | - Mario Fontana
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza, University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy; E-Mails: (A.M.); (M.F.); (L.P.)
| | - Marco Barba
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs Sapienza, University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy; E-Mails: (M.B.); (B.B.); (F.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Bruno Botta
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs Sapienza, University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy; E-Mails: (M.B.); (B.B.); (F.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Mirella Nardini
- National Research Institute on Food and Nutrition Via Ardeatina, 546, 00178 Rome, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Francesca Ghirga
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs Sapienza, University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy; E-Mails: (M.B.); (B.B.); (F.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Andrea Calcaterra
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs Sapienza, University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy; E-Mails: (M.B.); (B.B.); (F.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Laura Pecci
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza, University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy; E-Mails: (A.M.); (M.F.); (L.P.)
| | - Rosa Marina Matarese
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza, University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy; E-Mails: (A.M.); (M.F.); (L.P.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +39-06-49910439; Fax: +39-06-4440062
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Pinto JT, Khomenko T, Szabo S, McLaren GD, Denton TT, Krasnikov BF, Jeitner TM, Cooper AJL. Measurement of sulfur-containing compounds involved in the metabolism and transport of cysteamine and cystamine. Regional differences in cerebral metabolism. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:3434-41. [PMID: 19523884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2009] [Revised: 05/15/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An HPLC method with coulometric detection is presented for the quantitation of cysteamine, cystamine, thialysine, glutathione, glutathione disulfide and an oxidized metabolite of thialysine [S-(2-aminoethyl)-L-cysteine ketimine decarboxylated dimer (AECK-DD)]. The advantage of coulometric detection is that derivatization is unnecessary if the analyte is redox sensitive. The method was used to quantitate several sulfur-containing compounds in plasma and brain following gavage feeding of cysteamine to rats. Cysteamine, cystamine, thialysine and AECK-DD were detected in the brains of these animals. Interestingly, cysteamine treatment resulted in greatly elevated levels of cerebral methionine, despite the fact that cysteamine is not a precursor of methionine.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Pinto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
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